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Sciences 

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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadiitn  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Tachnical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  iBa  bibilographicaily  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  iiauai  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


0 


Colourad  covars/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


|~n    Covars  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagte 


Covars  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  rastauria  at/ou  palliculAa 


□    Covar  titia  miasing/ 
La 


titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


I     I   Colourad  mapa/ 


Cartas  gAographiquas  mn  coulaur 


□    Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  biua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 

I     I   Cotourad  plataa  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planchas  at/ou  iiluatrationa  w*  coulaur 


Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
Ralii  avac  d'autras  documants 

Tight  binding  may  cauaa  shadowa  or  diatortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  r9  liura  sarria  paut  causar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
distorsion  hi  long  do  la  marge  IntArlouro 

Blank  laavas  addad  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  tha  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  'liming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certainee  pagea  bianchea  ajouttea 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dana  la  texte. 
mais.  lorsque  cela  4tait  possible,  ces  pagea  n'ont 
pea  «t4  filmtes 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentalres: 


IMap  it  damaged. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  la  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  ttt  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
da  cat  exempieire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographiqua.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
una  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  una 
modification  dans  la  m^thoda  normaia  de  fiimage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


D 
D 
D 
0 
D 
0 
0 
D 
D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pagee  de  couleur 

Pagea  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 

Pages  restored  aid/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  pelliculies 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dicoiorias.  tachaties  ou  piquAes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachies 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  in^gala  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  met^riel  supplAmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  psrtially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Lea  pages  totalament  ou  partiallement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  una  pelura, 
etc..  ont  4ti  filmtes  A  nouveau  da  fapon  A 
obtanir  la  meiileure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmi  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


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aX                            26X                           30X 

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Th«  copy  filmed  h«r«  has  b««n  r«produc«d  thanks 
to  tho  ganorosity  of: 

D.  B.  Weldon  Library 
University  of  Western  Ontario 
(Regional  History  Room) 

Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  ara  ttia  baat  quality 
poaaibia  eonaidaring  tlia  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  Icaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacif icationa. 


Original  copiaa  in  printad  papar  covara  ara  fllmad 
baglnning  with  tha  front  eovar  and  anding  on 
tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad  or  iiluatratad  impraa- 
sion,  or  tha  bacic  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copiaa  ara  fllmad  baglnning  on  tha 
f  irat  paga  with  a  printad  or  iiluatratad  impraa- 
•ion.  and  anding  on  tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  iiluatratad  impraaaion. 


Tha  laat  racordad  frama  on  aach  microfieha 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  — ^^  imaanlng  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  ▼  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  appiiaa. 


L'axamplaira  filmi  f ut  raprodult  grica  i  la 
g4n4roaltA  da: 

D.  B.  Weldon  Library 
University  of  Western  Ontario 
(Regional  History  Room) 

Laa  imagaa  aulvantaa  ont  4t*  raproduitaa  avac  la 
plua  grand  aoln.  oompta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  l'axamplaira  film*,  at  an 
conformM  avac  laa  condltiona  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 

Laa  axamplairaa  origi:naua  dont  la  couvartura  an 
paplar  aat  imprimte  sont  fllmte  an  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  mt  tarminant  soit  par  la 
damiira  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'impraaalon  ou  d'illuatration.  soit  par  ia  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  eaa.  Toua  laa  autraa  axamplairaa 
originaux  aont  filmto  an  commandant  par  la 
pramlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'impraaalon  ou  d'illuatration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  damiira  paga  qui  comporta  una  teila 
amprainta. 

Un  daa  symbolaa  sulvanta  apparaTtra  sur  la 
damiira  Imaga  da  chaqua  microfieha,  salon  la 
caa:  la  aymbola  -^  signifia  "A  SUIVRE".  la 
aymbola  V  signifia  "FIN". 


Mapa,  piataa,  charts,  ate.,  may  ba  fllmad  at 
diffarant  raduction  ratioa.  Thoaa  too  larga  to  ba 
antiraly  inciudad  in  ona  axpoaura  ara  fllmad 
beginning  in  tha  uppar  laft  hand  comar.  laft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  framaa  aa 
required.  The  following  diagrama  illuatrata  tha 
method: 


Laa  cartaa.  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  pauvent  Atra 
fllmte  i  dee  taux  de  rMuetlon  diffArenta. 
Loraqua  la  document  eet  trop  grand  pour  htn 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichi.  11  est  film*  i  partir 
da  I'angia  aup4rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  k  droKe. 
et  de  haut  en  baa,  an  prenant  la  nombre 
d'lmagae  nAceaaaira.  Laa  diagrammea  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


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13 

feme  of  iK  S  w"^  *"?  ;*«  «»'<»'  'for 

ftu.  heated,  i,  m««>ete  "u!  hea  LTil  '"''  *"  ^^ 
»|ain. although  i..perWfto„U  ^"ILT**  "^^ 


ireferve  tl«  fame  f.tLSS.  * '*'"^.**^"  »"  «™" 

n»  lar»r  than  poi„u.  '^bicbr^y^'\^^^f*'^PP** 
nuinea diftance  from  us     AhH  i.''"i?*y"«at  a» 

'p^on.crCihat  ihf/ J?i' S  l^"*'  "^NW  Of  * 
from  us  (JUn  we  a^  fiom  A*  T'°°°. "?«  ««•» 

«,/  or  the  doe  for  wh^rhi        ''  ^  .■*•*  M  *3 
«;'ng  at  the  rate  of  Iso  mil~     '^  *  tuiaaa  h^ 

SStl^     »»'»'•£  «  voyage  round  S-^«iu  T» 


H 


n^l'tlOBWtlON. 


ed  ftaf s  i^ttt  ndw  mek  out  &f  etifiaite,  tfiey  ^anl^ 
appear  to  ustoJiccp'^einftationsfor  tJiat^Jacc  of  tirte** 
to  come.     It  is  iittp^Mfibfe   fjiercfore^  that  they  Ihould 
bDrro\«r  their  light  from  the  ifun,  as  do  the  piaqpts. 

AftVonolncrs  reckon  the  dumber  of  ftars  at  aftA*,  dT 
Ijhich  20  jrc  of  thojlrjl,  65  <^  thefenotij,  lox  of  0ie 
»j/,  485  of  the/««rM,  643<>r«hey|^<*,and  i42o,<jf  the 
J««/*Magiutude.  Thcfe  ftars  are  divided  mto  ftocon- 
ftenations  ;  ijNof  whieh  are  in  the  zodiack;  36  in  the 

vJiiwtheim  and  52  in  the  foiithem  h<jmifphere.     They  ate 
^imngwfted  from  theplahets  by  their  twinkling. 
To  confider  ehefe  ftars  as  <fcfigned  toereljr  to  decorate 

'  the  Iky  atid  form  a  rich  and  beautiful  canopy  for  this 
earth,  ^duld  derogate  from  the  Wdom  of  the  Creator. 
AttroBomers  therefore,  with:much  reafon,  have"  confid* 
ered  tne  fixed  ftars  as  fo  iRtiaay  fiins,  attended  with  » 

,  number  of  rcvohing  planets,  whi^h  ihey  illuminate, 
Warm  and  chcrift.  If  this  be  tfue,  there  are  as  many 
fyttemt  as  there  arc  fixedibrs.  ^l^'hefc  may  alfo  ruvolve 
round  onw  coinhion  centre,  forjUingdne  immenfe  fyilem 
iffyftems.  All  thcfe  iyftems,  we  may  conceive,  a^e 
filledwith  inhabitants  fuifed  to  their  refpeikive  clim«& 4 
iadarefb  many  theatres,  pn  which  the  great  Cres^tor 
and  wife  governour  of  the^Joiverfe'^difplays  his  infinite 

i66wer,  wifdom  and  goodnefs.  Su9h  a  view  of  the  ftar^ 
fieavens  miift  fill  the  mind  of  every  cimtemplative  li- 
holder  with  fublime,  magnificent  and  |;lorioai  ideas^ 

.  pe  ^reatpr. 

QF  THE  EARTH. 

f  he  Earth  though  called  a  globe,  is  not  perfe<Jl.ly 
rtxich.  ;  its  diameter  frpm  eaft  to  weft,  is  34  miles  Idngefr 
^^  that  from  ^orth  to  fqnth.  ^  The  dia^neter  of  the 
earth's  prhit  isaboat  i88,ooo,94«  miles,  and  ttsdr- 
crnnference  560,622,477  miles.  Its  hourly  motidn  in 
itt  orbit  is  671376  miles,  which  is  140  times  greAt«^r 
than  thait  of  a  caiuidnl»aU»  which  moves  about  8  miles 
ifi  axhifiute.  andL  v^dnld  he  93  v^arc  ha   ^^va  a^^A 


ftourii 


ta 


goia 


li 


this  earth  to  the  fun. 


;  liic  e:4rUi,likethe  reft  of  the  {>lanets,  has  tWSmi$' 
^^pf'^t  1(1014  itfi.axisi  the  other  rduod  the  faa.        ^: 


- « 


iA. 


I^  «4»Sl^  «oiil«»  hi  b'ttmnfertnccb  asd  $y  its  rota- 
Hl$  Vk  m9  ow  in  H  fc«lHf  IroflDi  we^  to  eaft»  cauf^ 
ti  a  conctiunl!  O^jQcefliQii  of  aay  afld  nightt  and  an  <^/i^ 
aff  motUngt  of  the  beavtiily  bo(fic»  frbm  eaft  to  weft.  By 
t)it«  motlfliioniU  axiVtfa,e  tnliabftants,  who  live  on  the 
tdQitor,j^  carried  loU^mlU  in  an  hour.  It  com- 
jftetw|if^o1i«jt|0B  round  tiiefunowc  in  a  year,  ao4 
occ^qiui  the  diiiience  In^e  length  of  thi  days  a94 
Dightj,  and  fiie  airee«ble  variety  ra  the  feafoas.  ^t^  «e^ 
^Notwithftandlirgxhifcemin^  inequality  inth«  dffti^. 
butioij  °y«^^  anddarkneTs,  it  is  certain  that  through- 

®®5  *v  ^^^^'^'^^^^'^  "  "**^^y  *"*  **1*^  proporSon 
^«f|^  diffiifed  on  etery  part,  abftraaed  from  what  is 

M^hedby  clouds,  yapoi»s»  and  the  atmofphere  ilfelf. 

J  ■p^^i^^ri^TCjfibnshavf  indeed  themoft  intcrife  Kijht 

;  while 


/i  hut  the  nights  are  long  and  dark »  ^muc 
.  %  orfier  land*  mi3i<i' northerly  and  fouthfrly  parts, 
iji^h  th^faBfOiines  iefs  poyerfully,  yet  the  IcngtS  of 
we  that  he  appears  above  the  horizon,  with  the  great- 
^  duration  of  twilight,  wak«8  up  for  the  feeiipiDg  dc- 

;  th^thrcfartlf;:lw  planet  which  we  inhabit,  is  rmnS^ 
?rP?  •  -fVo^.from  the  confideration  that  this  (hape 
l*l>«ftjldap|^^to«iotfon.  <y^ro»#.  from  the  appearance 
^itsftaddWflie^lipfo.  of  the  mooQ,  whichTalwa« 

frbtti  Its  hax|l%  been  miny  itines  ci^comnavigaied. » 


".   :ii  ■■ 


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^iSw  J2S^^'    ».P^^  thr^gbihe  Strait*  of  wS 


1^ 


iNrRonocrioNt 


niMwiH 


.»4 


earth.    WeOiailamk^^^.^^W^Mi!^'^ 
^^  now  a«ul  on  die  oppofite  (ft*  oI^Sa  ^^W  "^ 


JM  Calirarnla  ppfle^dhimfelf  o^ife  St.  AlMi.a»iitaAii.u«  At 


m 


itd^nferout  fcafoa^  loft.in^v  «» 

l»nd  was  kitle4  oa  the  Okm!  pf  (>M£iI3L 
|lrema4e  vi^B|^ftroimd  tkc  werld.  ^^^*^^*^^r^*«li^^ 


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ilNTRdDUCTICni^ 

itoCTRINE  OF  THE  SPHEKE 


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ihfinlfi^  and  PrificipU^A  .  A  SPHERF     «,M.     # 

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-nd^pe  ra.r'ffi*"'  "*  «™'»  ^  two  /,,«:<». 
«>>M«Jie?^  ;r  ^  pants  »fth«  «?i,  m^- 

wnufi sMt  <if :  thi  j'«^ J.  1*  • '    -i*^','  ""Y  *****  **»a«»  to 


Uliich 


f  il>'"«.ni»""— nn>.« 


if" 


iHTliHMil^TllbHi 


TJ\^'J^    '^  '^^f  Mtterfi^^  i*in^wp  oopofttc  oiia. 

!12  !?S  ***^*  p^"*^*'  *'*^^«  »Q^  0^  Aifeti^  Wthc 

_^  .fignp,  jwjh  the  w««m4*  m  wfeuih^tj,*  iW; 


Clurao 
tctt' 

m 

a 

1 


MMtba  in  which  ti)icl. 

fan  «ifetrs  thciBt: 
March 
A|»rU 


»ef)»mher; 


th6  J^ft«r 


'Ifesir^r 


&?         I>eceinb^ 
«         February 


'»»^  ■. iiitiii-.-  -^wmsmmm^' 


4nd  to%«f  ^«*ifphfflr«tk    ,^*l«»e««c,  >gifo#aiiiM^ 
TJ«/2^ hdr,2jR  feA^twde  which Jmit»4*^t 

pisiii^l>»%thrt)iigh^e  centre  o^  the  ttifth^gdwi£^ 
into  tep^aaa  lower  h*nMteli«K^^^^^^^^^^ 

tfte  Jatter  the  noint  4»ofilly  wmercw W  * 

ocm  IS   termed  the    -^^g^/  «fl^    Tleft^i^S^ 
^^ch  other  a.  :4ra^s,   in  .^^^S^ 

the  fon'Mccriinaflon  fi-on*.ihe«,u«tor.  Tlm^i^ 
m  the  nor.hernhemiiphe.e  is  called^he  Jropkk^f  O^ 
c<rr,  becauie  »ttouche«^he  eelipticfetl^  the  fL  Ganc^ 

%n    Capricorn*     On  thte  T^jf^littii^^^^  t 
CaiMJcr,  ai^  ^.ba^^efJijij^^P'^^ 

I)eccm6eMiieiiin  isin  G^^^^gll^*'"  ***^ 

TJtBpO,  to  Aii, 
retijrnj 


slienSi 


lealn, 


f«»4awt  ^k&o£  tke,eajjh 


equator. 

►«•< 

dlftaae««li^ 


.»{ 


■/4 


The  mrOfht kmMikmjMm^ik^  Af4kt.  tr 
«i>e  bear. « ^MUWiyitiiMtaatMLMiB*  that  pMliid» 
■  ^Ycnt  I  t!tuiJ!mt»mH  Htng  «Mpaiit  to  ^  iknn»,  m 
tMtdim^itiarakiktfyvin  1ll#jpoIarcifcltft|ditMl'llit 
pUcei  wli^  tfaefon  iku  daiiifk^  Btfotid  dioB  dM  Aia 
nirc^Tttiniheat  reiting^^     -. 

Z$m^^  The^ilHrfacc>«P  tbeieartiritfiipfofedto  be 
MM  ilWdKiwe  .»e^|Md  partt  caUtd  w«v  ttch  of 
nifeftvtf  tertniiiaud  by  two  ^sHels  of  lalitndc.  Of 
l2lcfr4T»  xfNiec/ont  is  called  mtitrHd  othwtnm^  zone  f 
two  ire  ~kf\t^  frigid  or  frozen  ;  and  vw  tmpiratf  ; 
n)Qmpftindiicattre  ot^tlie  qvalUy^of  ^belieiiti^cold  to 
wiiich  their  (ituaMonc  are  l{ai3de£>^     i  >t 

'fhd Itrritfxome  Is  thAt  portion. of^ the  eaFtJiWcre^fr. 
Tf  part  of  which  the  fim  is  perpendicular  at  fctae  time 
of  the^ean^  The- breadth  of  thi«  zmt  is  J^t^./even 
desrees  ;  extending,  from  twenty^ree  degriies-  and^ 
tetff  north  latitude)  to  twenty -three  devreet  and  a  half 
fi?uih.  The  equator  pafies  through  the  middle  of  this 
i^ne, -which  is  terminated  on  the  north  by  the  parallel 
of  ktitude  called  the^rc^idc  of  Cancer,  and  on  thi  fouth 
by  die- parallel  called' the  tropic k  of  Capricorn.  The  ' 
anciODts^onridered  thi»  ione  as  uninhiibitiibki  on  ae- 
Cpubt  of  tl)«  heat  .which  they  thought  toogi^ttobe 
foppolrted  by  any  human  being,  or  even  the  Vegetable 
creation*  i  httt.¥xp«ricft|e  ha«  long  fmec  re^jated  ^b  > 
notion.  -;'^-*'  '*^:\'".- •■'  '  :"• 

Maoy  parts  of  ^e  kvrid  zone  are  remarkabjf -pbpii-  - 
tows  ;  and  it  has  been  found  that  the  loflg.nights,^gi'eat  • 
dew*  rcgukr  rains  and  breezes  whic^pFcvail  in <iimoft  : 
every  part  of  the^torrid  ztme,  render  the^earth  not  only 
inhabiiiiWer  bet   alio  fo^  iroitful,  -that  two  barvtfts  a 
year  jiivyery  common.     AH  Ic^s  of  fprces  and  drugs 
alrtrJdeiKjA  folely  produasdlheiei  and  it/wniiies  more 
pNNwMlii^'OUs  ftones,  and-  pearls,  than  all  the 
l»$:q^  vhf  jcasfmtpgetber. 

Tfe/?%«r^jyfci  ,»rc  thol^  r^gioat -round  the  p<^ 
where  t^'lKKpbes  HOC  fiffr  for  foroe  days  in  the  winters 

J^f^m^pf  4itfc  z^nes  vhieh  extend  from^fc- 
s'iotwt^  tbree  dcgrces,and  twenty  eight  miimtee/ . 
«.»eftoith<»n  m^d  zone  comprehends  Nova^i^tlj^^ 
Iteipjuin^,  pan  o/jKorway»  BaAiii's  £ay»  y^rt  of  Grf^ 


r 


ibniitr.il 

ofed  to  be 

(tv  Mch  oif  •. 
tad«.     Of 
iog  zone  y 
UmffiraU ; 
l^c^ld  to 

-'6f  er  CFfri 
fcfene  time 

'^es.  and^ 
nd  a  half 
Hrof  tlus 
M  parallel 
tM  foudi 
►rn.  The 
i«  on  ae- 
tm>\o  be 
fegetabk 
(btfd  t^  > 

if  pbpji-- 
Ivts/gifeat 

not  only 
harycfts  a 
ind  drugs  • 
flies  more 
A  all  the  ' 

tbs  pole 
^e  winter," 
two  p9iei 
rom  ^i)b ' 
rmicnttftK , 


iKiiliyciDfm^^ 


Sibcrub 
we  peaces  conWhcil  bttftreo 


ft 


t  ttop^llpilpS : 

kowcv.,^^,  »«MdA  rf  ,iJfc^X,vVlifhr.^*S• 
■>^jtu£Udto  ht  in  Hint  himmm 

•llutor  udtbe  foathpoJe,  it  ■»  i?jM»>- 


-If 


n 


•i 


iirrto0ucriCHi, 


i^ilmk»J  %reff  filiict  ptk  tbcfmftce  of  die  <a|li 
hai  its  fMerdudi.  ^fhc  /mfittilk«^§  f^ccU  tb<^  dlftanca 
<if  tumcrid^  from. ibmc other  fi|««t  ifieridhiE.  vseaft 
wed  on  ihe  e(|u;itor.  Longitude  It  either  r<;^  wm^, 
AU  places  eaft  ol  tlM  fixed  or  firft  nferUll^O  are  H  ea<l 
|«f^ltlid«  t  all.^' .  io,  wf ft  losgkvde.  €JId  the  eowu 
tor,  a  degrit  ti  loj^tMtUtqvaAt&h^^fO^^^ 
miU»  i  and  of  couift,  arnif^tm  dlea|iiil«r'if  ei|Qa| 
to  a  znUe.  Btit  ai  all  die  ,in«rtdi«»t  cixt  the  cqiwtor  aC 
right  >aiiglee»  and  approach  nearer  and  nearer  to  fa<c^ 
Other,  until  >irl^  tlfeev  erofs  at  the  d^s,  it  I;;  obviotif 
that  the  deg^9  of  loncttvde^wHll  leflen  as  yon  fnp  frcmr 
the  equator  toei|her  pipk  j  to  diac  in  the^  A'tkth^  ^^M^ 
of  l^ultadei  a  de|^ee  of  longitude  is  hm  tlkirtf  nules»ot' 
i\»]I  as  long  nil  a  de^/fe  on  the  equator. 


f 


or  t«e:  GLOBES  A^Tnttgtvsz: 

A^ut^l^i  GloUis^uraaxidhodj,  whpfe  furfacefir' 
irverj^hire  fqjDaUy-riisdie^titmf^K  centre.    But  Iw'' 
4h«  |(bhes  hire  i§  ineank  two  fj^ical  bo4(esi  whofe 
mH^et  ^^ifii^tit  fu|?jH>fe4togiv:catrtic  reprefen?a- 
^lof  flie-e^^^and  hiii|fcn«|.aft'Vifi^^  >7  oUervatton^ 
0nt  «f^t^^  is  called  ^^y^jT^^yvi^r/  the  <»^er  tlief*- 
£IM4)(^     Cto^e^e^x^uifcceof  iheterr^rkl 
p:^  4*  ^  pwrts  of  the  earth  and  fea  are  d^^Ui^eaie^  ' 
ni  Atir  teUti^cJiis,  form  and  fituation*  • 

CJftihe  jfi^ee  ¥  the  celeftialglobei^tthe  iroagfi  rfthe 
fevcral  coalbnati^s,  and  the  furf^^rmed  ftarsare  #Biia- 
eat94 i  and  lift  r^i^e  |nagi»iMi4r    id  tsofiUon  which 

preferved^^ 

j[ttQrderCQre«4er  iHoft^^lialyr  oodi^sfjinpre  ufeful 
they  are^^  up  with  <^eitaH^i||»purtenances»  wherehy 

»  M5«H  f*r»^icf -i^pful  f^P^te  ai^  iolv«d  «a  »  yc»T 

e^^lR^e^p^tiQitt  jQi^iMoei:. 

^*  ||»we  mr^MmJ*  that  ni«  or  hoppja  ^»ch 

^^onitsfjixi^,  n^his  Jt^e^td  by  tinro 

ibfOugR  its  poles,    thp  tk<^t  is  ^m^ 

%vmi^^MS9  <^cgreef  each  ;  in -o^  lewi- 

^"1^.^yirton$he^in  ateach  pole,  and  end  e(t  ^ 

;eei|ji»licre  |hey  meet.  Inxhe  other    toJareiei  w* 


\^ut„0tlii;j^Hiti iiiHiiti , ii  iiinii iii^it  m 


iHnUKKKm 


iiitmiiwn  infii  i  mill  I  <i'(|yyi  -iSuiai  Mmm']^lj^t 


^*5***»  ^If  ^^^  middle,  ard  proceed  dieoee  to- 

I^L^'dal^i^/K'^""^^*^   eanto.  tl^  globe  bci.« 
turwdabout^tdl  that  point  cani«g  undff  t¥e  «ifd,.  * 

«.,i.^«  fcr^^  '\^  ^"**"  ''"*^^  *>'^>^'  ^'*ide4  into 

^«dontht  brazen  meridian.  eaa%  dfentlLn^ 
no.  h  end  of  the  axis  ,  in^whichli  fiid  an  index,  that 
pomt,  outthe  d.v.aonsaf  the  hot^  ciK:le«  the  globed 
turned  round  on  it  axis.  «  «'w«^  «• 

the  wooden  jjircular. •frame.  encompadSJ  the  elobe 
about  .t,  middle  On  this  woeden  frame  U^ZVplf. 
gtu.1  e,.lend.r  ^^tafned  in  federal  concentrick  ciXl , 
Ae  mner  one  .rdiiridf d  into  four  qmtntt»i^  ninety  d 
SJn  h!'':U  *f,«<»t  circle  is  di^  Jmot^erwelv^ 
ponths.  ^'ith  di6days hieach^ccordingtotb^  WW  Mt 

faJh  beir.^'?:?i^r'^ 

^ei^e  mo4As  aifd  days  according  to  thfc  old  ttyle  i  and 

Aooil >rh3^*  1^^  ***^'  ^*^^»  and^oaiterft      Ai- 
,  lot  always^  pUced  5  the  fa«e   difpoHtiin^-     ^ 
^v^hldi  .sgradi^d  into  ninety  ««rief  andtlST^ 

rv«,l.l    •  ^r™Si  *™  *«  P^duated  edge  wprefam 

.  *•"»  thejeveral  centres*  ceiled  flier  j9^ 

«»wards  yott  (uolefi  the  problem  rcqliirc  the  tbttiing  i0 


I 


^ 


^^i^^m^if^mm 


«wiMor  Act  ymiW  tfccgraaiuated  iii«ndiaii  mwsa^M 


riTie  fMlowmriw^^  is  being  moftni^fiil  at»a 
emcn^mng  jriri^aed  from  a  gre«  iraricty  of  oth^ 
J^^  Ibhr^a  with  a  ^beiittcd  ^  ttt 

aloreraemionedap^rteniices. 

"^^  ^^-f^iitide  <f  a  pface  »ei^^^^  the  alike 

'  .  for  that  ffiace.  \^i     r 

.Xe^  be  rel^r^  to  rcailjr  Ui^e  g&  Jbr  the  latitude 

«t  J5otton,|t  degrees  23  mimitcs  nortli.  ^^ 

.  .  Elcva^the  i»orth.po&,ti»  tlie  Jiori^onlfe*  the  bra- 

mi^roert^ian  m  4^°  aj',  and  the  globe  is^en  rcaiEed 

fcj  th^tende  pf  B^^^^      ^firing  Mon  to  the  merid. 

^an.  andjpa  will  6nd  it  m  the  zenith,  qx  direaly  on  the 

xo^  of  the  globe.    And  fo  of  ai|y  bther  jlace. 

41.  fojiitdtheiatitfOe  nnd^hngUuierfmyptactMthe  iff. 

refirial  globe. 
.  »nng  the  mycn  place  under  that  fide  of  thc.graduate«l 
J«a2«^-me?i«lf an,where  the  degreejijegin  at  th?  equator, 
then  thedfegrce  of  the. meridian  oyer  it   (hews  the  lati- 

%        V   .  *'*^''^?  **^  the  equator  under  the  raeridi- 
all  uiews  the  longitude. 


tude  are  given. 
Bri-^^  gwreii  longitude,  fpund  on  the  equator,  tft 
Ifc^meiidjaa,  ^an4  under  the  given  ktitude,   found  o« 
the  n^eHoum,  IS  jhe  place  fought- 

m,rojind4^ 


^       _:.ia_.». 


'  <'«</  hearing  ef  atvf  t^mghoen  pkces 
ckikegbhe,  ,  '^ 

LYshe  ™«iat^d  edge  of  the  |giadrant  of  altitude 
«/Jlu  i  !!f  i^^Ng'nning  or  o  degrees  bcHig  o« 
•tie  i>f  thenii  ami  thci  degrees  between  tfa^m  ihciHSeir 


eve 


K:-'^ 


<W»*li  mil 


•MjfWMNNM 


WTJtOIlUCTIDR  ^ 

*J?S^  i  ^"^  ^^^^  multipKed  by  tfD,  give  the  ««. 
diaance  m  Eagiifii  AiUess«ariy.  ^  ^ 

J-oo|  the  day   of  the  month  ift  the  outer  oal«.n^** 

yi.  T^MthfinU  Afmatm,  that  h,  H.  Mim.  frm 
/fe  ™,,W%.^4^  m»hwar4«- /Midori. 

«f  Ae^^iS- '"  ""  ?•"*»"•  o'^'"'  ^l""  degree 

Rlob.  round  and  all  th^i  con^ries^h  [h'^tf  ""ndt 

»l5r''    ''"''!'  "PP"™""  can  onlf  happen  to   thofe 

turn,  agat.*""  *'  '""   '"^'"'''  «"m  whence  he  Z      - 
Vlir.  Tofaitmr   mkafi  kii,  the  Cm  asia-  »- 

the  meridian ;  fe,  the  i„d«  tt  t£lOi^^^°J  "» 
watch.  th.,n«:n  &« filPb. tiU S^ |3S fe'^ 


106 


INTRODITCTfQN. 


upper  I  a,  Qtpoon ;  look  under  thed«^ee  of  declination 
X  ^fhat^ay,  and  jrou  will  find  the  plaee  to  which  thefutt  is 
vertical,  or  over  whofe  head  tt  is  sU  that  litag» 

XX.  Tofydat  0i^hmf  of  the  day,  what  o* clock  it  it  at  aiy 

'Being  thie  filace  where  you  are  to  the  SraJs  meridian  ; 

fet  the  index  to  the  hour  by  the  watch»  turn    the  globe 

4pthe  place  jou  are  looking  for  c<8nes  under  the  me- 

.  f  kitan,  and  the  index  will  point  oat  the  time  required. 

^  l^o/».  By- this  problem  you  may  like  wife  fee,  at^one 
-viewj  in  diftant  countries,  where  the  inhabitants  are 
*'i%'-*-where  ^M4/^>^--^fM«ff*-ri]h«iij|g^,^(^d^-.where 
g^ing  to  afin^lies^-r-m^^htxtXQ^iid, 

X"  Tofndai.'mhat  hour  the  fun  rifes  and  fiWf^  de^in 

.  iMjear  ^  aad  alfoufon  what  point  of  the  cm^afu 
^xXe^ify  the  globe  fpr  the  latitude  of  the  place  you  are 
|^<}  bring  the  fun's  place  to  thejneridian,  and  Tet  the 
index ^  la  ;  thenturii  the  fun's  place  to  the  eai^etn 
^ge  of  the  horizon,  and  the  ind^x  will  point  ont  th* 
hftur  of  rifing  ;  if  you  bring  it  to  the  weftern  edge  ,^ 
the  hofizom  the  index  will  ihew  hour  of  fetting.        '^ 

^1.  Td  findihe^kit^h  of  the  day  md  Mghti  at  iiny  time  ^ 

*  jDoublethe  time  of  the  fun's  rtfingthat  day,  and  it 
itivi^  the  length  of  the  night ;  double  the  time  of  bis 
letting,  and  it  givCs  the  length  of  the  day. 

^Bl,7oJnd  the  iety^  of  the  Imgeft  orfhortefi  dayy  atony 

*  '  piacitijton  the  eatlh. 

;  Reft'rfy  the  globe  far  tliat  place  ;  if  its  latitude  be 
ilorth,  bring  ihe  beginning  of  Cancer  to  the  meridian,; 
l^t^hetadex  t^-twieive^theB  bring  the  fame  degreeof  Can- 
cer to  rheeaftpart  of  tbe.|j©ri*oa.  and  the  iadex  will 
flK^|he;«imc  of  the  fm's  uUktig.  ,  rr  -  y  /  • 
.  If  the  fitinrf  degtfe  be  brought  -to  the  -  Weftern  fide, 
TO84ndc«wa>#eW  thetimc  of  his  fetting,  which  doub- 
Mfai  Ifttlic  to  problem)  wtU  give  the  length  of  the 
fei^left  d^yaftd.ihorteft  night. 

^  Si  We  bi  iag  clii  oegluning  of  CapritforD  Co  the  me- 
^«iditel,:atid  i^QCfied  in  all  refpcfis  as  before,  we  fliall 
J^an^  lengrfi  of  theiongeft  night  and  fliof ^c^  djty. 


"fi^p^,.  "^m^im'^'^^^wt 


at  any 


INTRODUCTICMI^  ^ 

-    ■*■  * 

Thns,  in  thegieat  M^gprsdowfiimotn,  the  longcft  day- 
ii   14  hours  and  the  fhorteft  night  10  hours.     The 
ftortcftday  is  10  hours,  and  the  longeft  night  14  hours. 
At  Peterjburgh,  the  capital  of  the  Ruffian  empire,  die 
longeft  day  is  about  jgi  hours,   and  the  fliorteft   nicht* 
4i  ho^rs.     The  (horteft  day  4*  h«ms,and  the  lon«ft^ 
night  1 9t  hours.  ":*^t  g  ** 

Note.     In  all  places  near  the  r^ater,  the  fun  rifcs' 
and  fets  at  ftx  o'clffck  the  year  rbund.     From  thence  to 
the/o/tfr  ^f/f/,the  days  increafe  as  the  latitude  increafes  ;  ■ 
fo  that  at  thofe  circles  UiemftWes,  the  longeft  diy  i» 
24  hourS|||||thc  longeft  night  jt^  the  fame.     From  tfec ' 
polar  (^r^^mk^poksi  the  days  continue  ttf  lengthen  intp 
into  wenprd  month* ;  fo  that  at  the  very  pole,  the  fun 
fliines  form  months  together  in  fummr,  and   is  ahfent ' 
irom  It  6  months;  in  wlatier^Nete,  alUj,  that  when  it  is  • 
/ammer  with  the  northern  Hihabitants,  it  is  toitifer   with  th©^ 
/Mitberfit  and  the  contrary  j  and  eterypart  of  th^  worM^* 
partakes  of  jiearly  an  equal  iharecf  light  and  darkncfs. 

Xni.    Tojindail  thofe.  iniaBants  f^tmUhtfun  h  tUt 
moment  rifing  orfittingin  their  meritSafu  or  mkli^. 
Find  tbe^  fun's  place  in  the  ecliptkk,  atid?  raife  the.' 
pola  as  much  above  the  horizon  as  the  fun,  that  day,  dc* 
clmes^rom  the  equator  ;  then   bring  the  place  whtr*  ■ 
die  fttn^is.ir«rtiual«t  thait  hour,  to  tl»  braft  merino  ? 
Jo  will  It  thea  |je  in  the  xtnith  or  centre  of  the  hOri«dt^. 
-Now  fee  what  countries  lie  on  the  weftern  ed^e  (»f  tli*- 
horizon,  f©r  in  them  the  fan  is  riftng ;  to  thofe  on  the 
c»ftern  fide  ht  h. fitting  •  to  thofe  under  rhe  upper  part 
of  the  meridian  it  is  nooKttay  ;  and  to  thofe  under  the- 
lower  part  of  it^  it  i«  rmdntght^ 

-     Thus  at  Charleftown»  41!»laff. )  en  the  loth   of  April, 
*  at  four  o'clock  in  tlic  morning}  - 

The  fun  is'about  rifmg  at         fetatil,  aomh-Amcfici. 


o 


The  fua  is  (etting  at 

^  the  meridian,  or  noon  at 

Htdoight  at 


{Ne«r  Guinea,  the  Japxm' 
Kes«odl$:aimfti^^ 

Perfia  and  Ndt^  ZcfrtWt. 

f  The  Bayof  Good  U0^ 
•J  in  the  viciiiity  of.  ICis^ 
C     George's  So«u»i..        ; 


2$ 


INTROOUCTION. 


OP  MAPS  AND  THEm  t^^^ 
mJ^K'^^V'  *«,r*P'«f<»tttion  of  fonw  part  of  the 
«W8  ot  projeaion ;  for  as  the  earth  is  of  a  ttlahuWr  ^J^ 

The  north  is    cpnfidcred   as  Ae  odd**  narr  «r  Viik 

tMrst'!k"*^t\^T'"'  opp^^rtoSi^th^ 

th^  nnJh       ^V^^^h^nd.  «»«  fiicc  being  turnerto 

,^t^'  ;■  ^''°?;*»^  *^I^  ^«  the  bottom  are  MmZefil 
^^ns  orWy/^^^  and  from  ade  to^t!!/; 
fM^de,  f he  outermdft  of  the  tn^^dhJWd^f 
U^t  marked  wiUi  degrees  of  l^tiiSSro  Sj'.  by 

&sf &t^  ;Lr  mart^^^^^  the  fita.tio„. 

cial  globe.  ^       M«nd,  as  on  the  aarti^* 

-^m  are  deferibed  inabaps  by  bhnfc  Ihies.  and  art 
w^er  towards  the  momh  -than  Uards  the  J^^^ 
/^ng.  Mauntam^  «re^fl.;«.hed  on  m^ps  as  on  Vpk' 
i^.  For^fts  and  woods  are  reprefented  by  a  *bd  rf 
m»h  t  bogsmd  moraines  by  (Hades  i  fands  ai^A»? 

isl»«lZ      ^*1.^[^°"«»  t»«^  depth  of  the    waS 
wftjnetitoesexpreffedby  Sgures  rcprefenting  fathotns!  * 

^  on  ^e  right  or  left,  we  are  to  underftand  the  cxDref 
&wi^ml'  wording  to  tl^  pr^effipn  of'the^t 

fa^l  fii^^K  K^  I'  *  ^T"^"'  »r°'^'"«  to  that,  his 
face  t&  fa^pofed  |0  be  turned  ew^rds  a  certain  quarter    * 

nJ^^^r  K^^^-^l^  to  ^ftand  with  his  foeSrth;  « 
Wn  ^  ?^*  J*  northern  part   of  the  World  is  beft 
?A   "%  .  ^°  *«ronomer  looks  towards   the  foath    m 

T*«  ancient  iaguK,  in  obferring  the  flight  of  birds 
bpkjdeo«.rd.  d,e_««  ,  whilft  tS.  poets  took  «1^ 
-a.-stnfei.«y,«»^,.  In  books' of  eeoKMohv.  dwre 
fo^  I?  d..  rigfc.  band  we  m„ft  »ndeSUnT&fl*"it 
*»fe  of  aftronon*.  the  -efl ;  in  (^  as  „Iate  to  Z^^ 
"««?»*  fM4  the  writing.  a(rlipo.ti.  the  aoX^'^ 


illniOBUGTrojr. 


TV  JtlMmttt.)  The  o^Vror  atr  which  fo^. 
pedmnn  tff  foudrf  i  by  rcfradto  the  nlyA  of  K^ht.  ob- 
^fioBid  HOC  be  iMfl.  ,.^   .  ^. 

«4ft,  tcy#ai^  tbe  «i<j«Wf, from  abottt^^  dtgrtucfm 
bertit  to  that  &t  thfe  fon,  as  c  to  r.  The  moort  in  ^2 
fo.l'^P    S'^fr*  **"««!««  of  vapour.,  «haW 

«**n  Oii  earth  pxflb.  b«*eeo  the  ttMn  ard.  fltii^ 


'T.rf¥-'- 


KATtritAL  BWISIONS  OF  THE  ilAllT 


^  niatde  uj.  of  had  and%«rat8r,aM|t  ^hr^^^^\^ 
tnqweoui.     AU)uc  one  foiiikh  «»f  ifr&tfafisSK  AII 
I?  land,  th*  otber  thrc^  foarthi/-^"  ^^^^^  "^^ 
The  common  diviftons  of 


ifoillows  :  . 

r  cL~^^«wi»W.]     A  <fba- 
ef  U  ell"  a  ^crjr  ^rge  trad 

4iT!eitc»Xy>  not  tfVtth-ely  ftp- 

ll^  it''*^'*"*  There  are 
rcfconcd  two 


.1 


ay  it  •colfeaion  of  watcr» 
not  dniM^,  feparaled  fif- 
Wnd*  There  are  five  gti# 
Occaiwj  the  J^hnf^^^i, 


5<l 


^^GaM  Africa,  the  wide.     The  #»^^ 

Weftern,  into   Nmh  and.  tweea  America^S^  etft. 

South. Amefica.    To  diefe  «ii»Aaaopthewi^^ 

we  may  now  add  the  coq,  milei  ovisr.     tET  ST 

tinent     of     ^.*.J9WW,  which  wiMbet  a»:«^ 

which  IS  fonad  to  be  luffi.  fiiore.  of  Africri^^ 

ccruly  large  to  Uar  the  fottthero  (hore»  '  ^f  Afiik 

rcfpeaablenameofConli-  3.0<»miU|f  wigfeu   Befid** 

new.    Some  get^faphew  thefe  there  it        "^^ 

reckon    four    coatinem^,  ^r   Simen  ^oS^m  hAnm 

yi^  Europe,  Afia,Africa».  BQitliward  <^*[LJ^ 

cc^dingto*he  above  defi.    and  the^«ft6^.«tteiidfe« 

watraa  of  land  anniely    large  ^olleaion  of  vrater, 
^"'^^iS^  '^'^'    i^riJ«fflt»|onrmut,ofi, 

r^rR:^*^^^^"**    laodimoaofthePHikiw?. 
Ure^t-Britain,  a»d  Japaa.    ever    comwunicatc   with 

~  ^^e  ocean,  Sy  rivers  ;  a» 

lake  Ontario,  8cc.  A  fmall 

colteaini)    of  water  fxir^ 

founded  as  above,  is  cs||U 

*,^     «  ">;-.H.   . ■■     k4  a  pond..  "/--'t 

III.  /entnfulax\gK  ^  "^tlt    $,as.l 


A  fea 


or 


ei 


ninfuk  IS  ajmoft  in  ifland,  julf  is  a  part  of  the  ocean. 

©ratraaoPiandfurroundi  mrouaded   by  land,   ex- 

cd  Ijy  veaai|,  excepting  at  ^ptinga  natr^% pals  call- 

«oc,llie  Morea,  CrimTiir.  municates  wWi  the  occm 

'.^jt  and  Arabia.  *  '    


r- 


^s,  ihc  Wfediterraneaft,  B^b 
tk^and  Red  $^ .  and 


neaa,  B^yb 


i)p!»s  is  a  imrro,w  neck  of  ,„..„^.v 


C  Jiftc^Veutci.:    -lit 
«a«arrow,^J^^,^J*^ 


,*.>' 


I 


■•**S|!lftW('*^*''"*^lifl|WI^!^*Pf**  *1il| 


-^ 

/. 


ft- 


tb^  naifjtltod^  to  the  tilh- 
mift  pf  Dariffi^iehtch  joiiw 
Noitfa  iNid#oath  America, 
7©  mites  oter  ra9d  the 
iftfeaiH    of    S^^^  which 

uaite^  As* luii  Africa,  60 
njttef  OTen^ 

i  STi  /^r9ifi9ffje9rMi#.]  A  pro- 
Montorf  ir  «  nbutitaiii  ot 
hiHffxteiuHiiji[intd  the  lea, 
tht^iNEtieniilcir  of  which  is 
csilcd  AjlH.    A  point  of 
4at  lanffl^taihg  far  in 
to  ihefe^ltkcwSe  calf, 
eda  cape  j  as  Cape  Aim, 
Cape  Cod»  Gape  Hattentf, 
Gape  H&tn.  -^   i^ 

Yi.  Mif4mii^SMi,yA.  moun- 
ts is  a  pait  of  the  land 
lOBore  elevated  than  the  ad- 
i*^5*  country,  and  feenat 
JWance  ;  a«,  the  White 
tiffls-and  mouatains 
>few*|faiBp<bire. 


thtf  ftrs^  <if  CJihrtli^. 
joining  the  Rfcditerraneim 
to  thcA^nticIci  the  ftraite 
of  Babelniandel,«  whicH 
unite  the  Red  Sea  with  the 
Indian  Oceaii. 


in 


V.  Boft.J  A  Bay  h  3 
part  of  the  Tea  running  up 
into  the  main  land,  com- 
monly between  two  capes  s 
a^Mifiiieiivfetta  Bay,  oe- 
tween  Cape  Ann  andCape 
Cod  ;  Delaware  JB»y,  be- 
tween Gape  Mar  and  C^pe 
Henlopen  j  ChefapeakBay^ 

t>tftwfen  Cap#Chariet;ind 
Csme^^lienry. 

+VL  i|f«w./.3  A  river  it 
a  confiderahie  Hreamof 
water iffbtoginM]  one  or 
more  fprihgs,  and  gUdiait 
into  the  /ea.  A  fm^^ 
ftream  it  called  a  rivokt 
er  brook. 


m 


DISCOVERY  OF  AMERICA. 

A  tnat  Amerjfa  was  known  to  the  ancients.  Of  this. 
.ioM'ever,b.ftory  affords  no  certain  evidence.  The  Nor- 
Wfigians,  the  Wel^.  atid  the  Germans,  eaefe  in  tbSr 
turn,  ^ve  ii?^ft  pnienfion$  to  the  diicoverr  of  Ame^, 
icft,  Batfbr^«gbt  we  can  learrv  fr^  the  be^  40^ 
^^^J;?!  ^aft^-t^icpntinent  waij  the  ^  thei^e  ^  hSi 
^Tl  y  «  Pf  tiai  <^rfi^<>»«r'ef  of  the^tfcrwtoiani  eiceot. 
^ifiom  the  creation  €yr  the  world  td  *<ryear  ^  ^ 

^^^sTOf  Hta  Goi.u«B:«r,,  a  fb^A  «^  the  repnbltck 
^^^.  ha.  delerVedl/  &e  honour  of  difcwretl?^ 
^:^a.    From  a  long  and  clofe  apj^ication-to  ^ 


,« *i 


:,.K- 


t^/ 


Cl!&*«, 


si/ 


■i^ 


irf**  wtiirrilf S«dli«0d/Columbiis  hid  bhtwied 
•to  or^  fr««  ag^re  of  th^ wrtlii  ititt^  fiiperiottr  M 
•fe  gen^irt  notoofi*  of  thfe  age  in  which  fat  Ih^i,  U 
mdetOnijhttft^ti^^ua  globe  nHght. fat p^perlr  M^ 
anccd.  «nd  tlw  bMhds  »h1  ftas  ptofw^^nU  w  c4efa  oth* 
cr,  h«  was  led  to  concerre  that  another  continent  m» 
n^Wtif,  Other  teafens  indueed  him  to  bdrcVc  that  i 
•fall  continent  t^at  cdnneAcd  witk  the  E^-Iadiei. 

AaetriyasthiTeart  1474,  M  cdbuMmkned  hit  iV 
iS?*SrfcnS3tto5   * ^^y^*^  ^ Wottwce eminent 

Mid  ei!toar»t ed  Cbluiifattt  m  to  mderttikhir  Mmu^ 
fa^j^tod    t^icb  proifti^  liy  %ttfcfa    beficlt^l^^^ 

Hairtnj  Ail^^arfitol  ^Ifwlth  i^lJieA^  the  tfudk 
xi*"  Sr?'i**  **^««  iinpatient  to  redate  it  to  pi^ic-  - 
B^^  ??^^^^"*^'  **»  ^^^^  foifectot  thepii* 

hnd  hfs  Ibheme  bdwe  the  ftiratt  irf  0«foa.  aakl 
mj   natife  coiWfff  die  firft   ^n^^hHkt^km 
mtf  rt^ae^hk  pjfdpofai  as  %  dt^iSl  of  a  6him6nS 

gfl,  a  monarch  of « tuterpriaing  geniu#i  tmd  ftoindortm 
Pf *«0t  a^«  of  naval  af&irs.    The  king  liftened  to  him 
^5^^fS^^^  manner,  atxT  refisrred  the  confider-  ~ 
--y^i^'^^  ^^  ^  ntiWbe^  of  enftient  cofmoBra'- 

^£if»  kind.    TOefe  men,  from  njean  aiid,  intereaed 
IW6,   ftarted  innumerable  objeftions,  and  aflcedmanT 
i^ious  q^eftions,  on  imrpfc  to  betray  Columbus  into  > 
^^11  expWoa  of  his  fyftcm.     Having    done   this,. 
J^y  advifed  the  king  to  difpatch  a  veiTel/  fecretly.   in 
i»tder  togtempt  the^prop«fed  difcov«ry,by  fellcwing 
exaaiy  tl^  ooiirfe  which  Columbus  had  pointed  out, 
J^f*»*orS«aingoat^i8  0ccafion  tbefentiments  becom.  ' 
jng  a  mon^tctj/    meanly    adooted  .  theii    neiMoas- 

^^tP^^v^%^        ^li^oBom^ble  titniaaton.  Co. 
mrn^n  with  an^irvdignation   natujaUo,  a  nofab   ^- 

e^HQ-m  I494t.'  ^    *■■■■■  ■         '      -■     ■-.:-:■:    '■:.4    ■        "  ■    j. 


■  ■».'./-■' y. 


^  ■mm^'''''''mmmmm'^'^^ 


'v. 


••v 


nand  Mid  Ifebjlfe  who  at  Aat  Umt  goV^X«S 

W,  ftelter  d,.,„felvc.»    "  That  it  is  prcfem«^  S 

eZ^W^«  tofiippofe  that  he^o6e VK^S^^^ 

edgeTupcrwurto  all  ^e    reft  of  maflkind  v^niudP 

'njr  maima,n.d,  JiWe,  that  If  thert  were  wall^lL 

fuch  countries  as  Columbni  preteoded,  ther  wouU  m 

Ami  and  fagacty  of  former  agea  have  left  the  glory  rf 
this  difco  very  to  an  oWeure^node  pilot      ^     ^ 

c.ruirl^<ff"^"':i^"^*."*''^^?*  eip^ienced  Ae  nm 
wrtain  i#ue  of  api^i^atwns  to  kinas.    had*  tak^  >h-' 

"««,  to  negociale  the  matter  with   Henn  VH.    Q> 
^1.  irtio  ftnpped  him  of  e«rr  d«ng,  and  <]«taiA  " 

pawn  preienttd  to  the   Icing  the  prooofid  «riiieb  kk 

iMFraing  rtenty  s   exceffire  cant  on  mid  awriinasv  h* 
reeved  the  propafals  of  eohrtnbns  ^^^^"t 

ro^fif'nir^!^^'^*^^^PP^^^  to  other  eI^ 
ropean  poive.s  of  lefs  note,  he  was  induced,  by  the  ^* 

able  learnings  and  ibnie  Credit  with  mi«eife.If»belk. 
to  apply  again  to  the  court  of  Spain.  tE^^a^iW 
afterj.iauch  warm  debate*  .nd  fcvca^S^^^ 
£.'*iif "t **?'^    laccefsfol  J  n«t»  howe  ""  '    -- -      " 


i4 


DISCOVERY  OF  AMERICA. 


■■'*"- 


.1     ' 

placf  If)  hiftory.  It  w»t«  however,  tcf  qoeen  Ifiilk^ki 
the  munificent  patrOnefs  of  his  noble  atnd  getf#-^ 
#iif  dcfign,  that  Columbus  ulthnateljr  owed  his  fai^- 
ceiiii 

Having  thus  obtained  the  affiftance  of  the  conrt»  a 
ft|uadron  of  three  finall  refT^ls  was  filted  out,  TiAuallid^ 
for  twelve  months,  and  furniflitd  with  ninety   m:h. . 
The  whole  expenfe  did  not  e/ceed  ;f  4,000.    Of  this- 
fi^ttadron  Columbus  was  appoi  ted   Admrral. 

On  the  third  of  Auguft,  r492,  he  left  Spain,  in  the 
M'efeniBt  of  a  crowd  of  fpe^lators,  who  united  their 
fbpplicatflfns  to  Heaven  for  his  fuccefs.  Heftet:red  di^ 
redly  for  the  Canary  iflands,  where  he  arrived  md  rei. 
fitted,  as  well  as  he  could,  his  crazy  and  ill  &pjpaintl4^ 
leet.  Hence  he  failed,  Septenr>ber  ^fh,  a  due  wefterft> 
courfe  into  an  unknown  ocean. 

*  Colunbus   now  found  a  thoufand  uhforefeen  hard-^^ 
ftips  to  encounter,  which  demanded  alfhis  judgment^ 
fortitude  and  addrefs   to  furmount.  Beitdes  the  dijfi- 
culties,  unavotdalde  from  tbenature  of  h'ts  undertakings 
he  hadto  jltuggle  with  tholev  whicl:  .  rofc  frorti  the  ig-- 
nofjuieeand  timidity  of  the  people  under  his  command. 
0fi  the  i^4ih  of  Sepetem^er  he  was  aftoniihed  to  find  that' 
#e'#M||£^ick  heedie  in  their  compa&  did  not  point  ex-- 
lMft6  the  polar  /hir,  but  varied  tOWard^e  weft  ;  and^ 
in  they  proceeded,  this  variation  increafed.     This  ne«^ 
llMmoitienon  ^ed  the*  companions  of  Columbus  wfth- 
■  terror.  Nature  itfelffecmed  to  have  fuftained  a  change  ;.. 
and  ^^  only  guide    they  had  left  to   point  themf  to  a- 
iafe  retreat  front  an  unbounded  and  traeklefs  ocean  was 
about  tQ  fail  them.     Cokimbus,  with  no  lefs  quicEnefs 
than  ingenuity,   affigned  a  reafon  ifor  thrs  appearance,- 
wshich  though  it  did  not  fatisfy  himfelf^  feemed  fo  phu- 
f»ble  to  them,  that  it  dtfpel|ed  their  fears,  or  fileneed^ 
Aeir  miuinurs. 

The  fallors,  always  difcontented,  and  alanhed  at.dietr« 
^iftanee  from  land,  feveral  times  mutinied,  thrcatetied. 
OBce  to  th  ro w   their  admiral  overb<Mird,  and  reMatedly 

iir./tfi;  ...^      ■-,  .«,;,-    .-.;  ,-    « ^  -Wf^t--  ,^..  1,  ---  ,  _    .*■  ^iKML *   ■     ^ 

tccaffons  dl^lay^dali  that  cool^Ubtration,  pro^oriceis. 
|b^9^|!^  addrefs  and  iirmnefs,  whl^  where  iwe^fyiir 
#  pexfon  en^ged  in  a  difcovery  the  moft  iaterdMtttg  Uf 
ilie  world  <a  any  c^^  usdertakea  by  mm.. 


:,% 


.DISCOVERY  OF  AMERICA,  35 

It  waion  th«  nth  of  Oftober,  149a,  at  ten  o'clock 

io  th*  cvesiog,  tb9t  Colvrobot,  from  the  forccaaie,  dtf- 

cried  a  WfAu  At  two  o'clock  neit  morning,  Roderick 

Trienna  difcoirered    land.    The  joyful   tultngs  wer* 

^quickly  commnoicatedto  the  other  fliipt.    The  mom- 

ing  light  confirmed  the  report  $  and  the  fcTeial  crews 

Immediately  began  Triiwin,  at  a  hymn  of  thankfgiving 

toGodi  and  mingled  their  firaifes  with  teart  of  joy,  and 

.  #ranfport«  of  congratulation.     Cotorobus,  richly  dreffed, 

with  a  drawn  fword  in  hisJuind,  was  the  firft  Europtas 

who  fct  foot  in  the  Nim  WttU  which  hn  had  difcoftff^. 

The  ifland  on  which  he  that  firft  landed,  ht  ca^^ 

Salvador,     It   is  one   of  that  large  clufter   ^  iilnda 

Imown  by  the  name  of  the  Lucaya  or    Bahama  ifles. 

He  aftef  wards  touched  at  feveral  of  the  iflaniN  in  ^ 

fiimechifter,inquiriiigeveryi«h«refor  gold,  which  m 

thought  was  the  only  obje<|;  of  coMMrce  worth  hit 

attention.    In  fteeriHg  ibuthwjiijil  he^dlfcoveied  the  ifl- 

ands^of  Cub*  9^  Hiijpaniok^  abounding  io  idl  die 

ncccffaries   f^Uk,   and  ii|^abited ,  by  a  humane  a  nd 

hofpitabUfi^rofljr* 

On  his^^rn  he  was  «rertaken  by  a  apfm,  whi?|. 
had  nearly  proved  fatol  to  his  Ihips  and  tbeir  crewt. 
At  a  crilis  when  all  was  given  up  for  loft,  Coh^mbut 
bad  prefencc  of  mifid  enough  to  retire   into  h^s  cabiiR, 
and  to  wri^  upon  parchment  a    fhorl  account   of  his 
voyage.  .  This  he  wrapped  in  an  oiled  cloth,  which  he 
inclefedinacakeof  wax,  put  it  into  a  tight  caflt,   apd 
threw  It  into  tijefea,  in  hopes  thatfome  fortunate' acci- 
dent might  p-cferve. a  depofite  of  fo  much   imiiortawce 
^^^'^^'j}^;  .^^^rtivcd  at  Palos  in  Spain,  whence  he 
had  failed  the  year  before,  on  thei5th  of  March,  1493. . 
tit  was    welcomed  with  all  the  acclamalions  which  the 
populai:eateever,readytobeftow  on  great    and  glorc- 
oufi  chaiaa«srs ;  and  the  court  received  him  with  marks 
W  the  greateft  refpedt.  ^^ 

^  In  September  of  this  year  (14^3)  ^oiwijbus  ikjled 
upon  his  fecond  voyage  to  America  ;  dutiag  Uie  per. 
iormance  of  whiqh  he  difsoyefed  the  iflands  of  Dom, 
_'  -"•  '^''"S^**'«;«,  V««i«<w0uucfc  ilrlwiiticrimt,   "^"S'-i"* 


*co,    and  Jamaica;   and  returacd  to    ^paiji, 


,1, 

,7. 


4 


•t. 


^^:^^ 


j 


^ 


PUCOVEItY  or  MMMWiL 


In  149«  iMJkM  athird^liMlnr  AncriMi  wUmk 
tlMfi»#fllAti9ttft^4Sfi»9««rfd«i«CoiiviiMHiT.  Hk^dicii 
cMlM^akii^  wdNratii,  aMdHag  otfavr  dMao^ric*  Ibr 
M«  U«giwt^  to  Csipn  1f^  from  wkicli  hft>  crofiM  over 
to  Mifpwiiola  wbcrv  li«  wm  ftiMdl  byt  ncv  0p«nifli 
prmnowtf  ftpdibnt  home  m  ohaiiit* 

Iii,}50t;C6larobo«'nt€le(bi»  fovfth  voy»|^  to  Htf^ 
f<uiiohi  }  thtacc  he  went  ovor  to  dit  continent ;  dif 
eovered  the  b^  of  HondnrMi.tiieiiGc  failed  along  the 
tilain  fhore  eailerlf  soolea«iet,to^Cap«  Gracias'a.Diof, 
VemgiM,  Potto  BeUe,  andhthe  Gulf  of  Darien. 

The  jealous  and  avaricioiig  Spaniards,  net  immedi- 
ately receiving  thofe  golden  advantages  which  they  had 
pronifed,  and  loft  lothe  feelings  of  humanitf  and 
gratktide,  (offered  their  eReem  and  admiration  of  Cd^ 
nimbus  to  d^enerate  into  ignoble  enTf. 

The  dftuer  part  of  his  1Kb  was  made  wretched  by  the 
cruel  perftcmtons  of  his  enemies,  (^een  Ifabella,  hit 
friend  and  pntronefs,  was  no  longer  Mive  to  afford  him 
iciief.  He  fought  redrefs  from  Ferdinand*  but  in  vain, 
jp^ufted  witli  the  ingratitude  of  a  monarch,  whom  he 
iM^fyftdw!^  (b  much  fidelity  and  fuccefs  ;  eihaufted 
#i^i  haridflii{»8|  and  broken  with  the  infirmities  which 
^efel>rooght  upon  him,  Cdumbusu  ended  his  aaive  and 
ufefulMe  at  Vklladolid,  on  the  25th  of  May,  i5o6Jnthe 
5i^t|i  ycsir  of  his  age.  He  died  with  acompofurc  ofmtnd 
fuited  to  the  magnanimity  which  diftingutfhed  his  char* 
a^er,  and  with  fentinients  of  piety  becoming  that  fu- 
preme  refpcA  for  religion  whiehhe  manifefied  inevery 
occiorrence  c^  his  life.  He  was  grave  though  courteous 
in  his  deportment,  circumfpeA  in  words'  and  adions, 
irieproaebable  in  his  morals^  and  exemplary  in  all  the 
daties  of  his  religion.  The  court  of  Spain  were  fo  juft 
to  his  memory^  notwithftanding  their  ingratitude  to 
wards  him  during  his  lilie,  that  they  buiried  him  magnifi- 
cendy  in  the  Cathedral  of  Seville,  and  eredted  a  tomb 
over  hiiB  w^li  this  ii:^crIption  : 

Columbus  has  given  a  New  World 


Among  other  adventurers  to  die  New  World  i«|mr  - 
ftttc  of  gold,  was  Aaieriic«ts  V^fpuctus,  a  fimtf^a/b^ 


. 


»fi»ip>*>''-^<iliy#^r*»''^^  "*»#? 


DEiCRlPTir  '  OF  AMERICA.         ff 

Rclitlemati,  whom  ^dlnand  had  apnolr.ted  to  draw 

Sir     tI-       '^^  ''^^'"  '"=  ^'^^^  ^'^''^^  »^«  t'l'c  of  chief 
vSnam-ft.^     '  »"=•"  accompanied  Ojeda,  an  entcrprirlr.K 
^pamfti  '.uvtntut,r,  to    America  ;  and  havlnr.  wit^ 
amuL'J'hr**  ^onie  clegree  of  elegance,  drawn^  up  an 
amuhng  hiftory  ot  hts  voyag.,  he   puWifhed  it  toV 

ha^?«:  fi  ftir  "■•»'*'~'^'\c  h«  «nfinuated  that  the  glory  of 
havmg  firft  d.fcovered  the  continent  in  the  New^orld 
belonged  to  him.     This  was  in  part  believed,  and  the 

po«d  firft  d.fccverer.     The  unaccountable  caprice  of 
niank.rd  has  perpetuated  theerrour;  fo  that  now, by  die 
ttn.verfal  eonfent  of  ail  nations,  this  new  quarter  of  the 
globe  .s  called  America.     The  name  of  Americus   ha' 
iupplanted  that  of  Columbus,  and  mankind  are  left  to 

IThlZf^'  "•''»"'"'  -bich,  having  beenlnaln^ 
ed  by  time,  they  can  never  redrcf$.  .      * 


Vj, 


•^ 


.if;'    <' 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  ©F  AMERICA. 

BoUNDARltS  ANdEXENT. 

THE  Continent  of  America,  of  tiie  dlfcovery^of 
which  a  fuccina  -ccount  has  jud  been  given,  ex, 
tends  from  Cape  Horn,  the  fouthera  extremity  of  the 
continent,  in  latitude  56"  fouth,  to  the  north  pole  ;  and 
Jpreads  between  the  55th  de^nee-^  and  the  6ftth  cfc. 
gree  wea  longitude  from  Green wfclT.  It  is  nearly  ten 
tiioufand  miles  in  length,  frpm  north  to  fouth.  Its  mean 
breadth  has  never  been  afcertained.  This  extenfive 
continent  bes  between  the  Pacifick  Ocean  on  the  v,c&. 
and  the  Atlant^k,c/),  the  eaft.  It  is  faid  td  contain  i^. 
wards  of  i4,^^|l»cofquaremiks.  W 

,lS''T'*  ^  f'"^  PrMhns:]  In  regard  fo  each  k 
Jhefe  America  has  all  the  varieties  which  the  earth  af- 
lords.  It  ftretchcs  throu^  h  .almoft  tlie  whole  width  of 
tliebve^on^s,andfeeIs  the  heat  and  cold  of  two  fum- 
^:;o  ^Two  winters  m  every  yesr.  Mod  ( f  ihe  ani- 
t>i;^^  ..nd^vegetable  pioduifliors  vhlch-ihe  er^ftern  con- 
Y-  ^t  n  fTords,  are  foiind  here  $  and  ra;  ny  that  arc  r  cca- 


f  .. 


\  .1 


k-. 


38 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION 


iii.- 


y 


jVN 


Riven.']  This  continent  is  watered  by  feme  of  tl]« 
largeft  rivers  in  the  world.  The  principal  of  thefe  are, 
JRio  delaPiata,  the  Amazon  and  Oronoke,  in  Sonth- 
America  ;  the  Miffifippi  and  Str  Lawrence,  in  Norph- 
Aroerica. 

Gitlfs.2  The  Gulf  or  Bay  of  Mexico  lying  in  the 
form  of  a  bafon,  between  North  and  South- America, 
and  opening  to  the  eaft,  is  Qonjedtured  by  fome  to  have 
been  formerly  land  :  and  that  the.conftant  attrition  of 
the  waters  of  the  Gulf  Stream  has  worn  it  to  its  pref- 
ent  form.  The  water  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  faiij^to 
temany  yards  higher,  than  ontheweftern  fide  oi'the 
ccwitinent  in  the  Pacifick  Ocean.     - 

Gulf  Stream.']  The  Ga^5/r-'tfw  is  a  remarkable  cur- 
rent in  the  ocean,  of  a  circular  form  beginfting  on  the 
coaft  of  Africa,  in  the  climates  where  the  trade  winds 
blow  wefierly,  thence  running  acrofs  the  Atlantick  and 
between  the  ifland  of  Cuba  and  South-America,  int© 
the  Bay  of  Mexico,  from  which  it  finds  a  paflage  be- 
tween Cape  Florida  and  the  Bahama  lilands,  and  runs 
northeafterly  along  the  American  coaft  to  Newfound- 
land ;  thence  to  the  European  coaft,  and  along  the  coaft 
foutherly  till  it  meets  the  trade  winds.  It  is  about  75 
miles  from  the  fnores  of  the  fouthern  ftates.  The  dif- 
tance  increafes  as  you  proceed  northward.  The  width 
of  the  ftream  is  about  40  or  50  miles,  widening  toward 
the  north,  and  its  common  rapidity  three  miles  an  hour. 

A  northeaft  wind  narrows  the  ftream,  renders  it  more 
rapid  and  drives  it  nearer  the  coaft;  northweft  and 
weft  winds  have  a  contrary  effcft. 

Mountains. 2  The  /Iftdes,  in  South-America,  ftretch 
along  the  Pacifick  Ocean  from  the  ifthmus  of  Darien  to 
the  Straits  of  Magellan,  4,300  miles.  The  height  of 
Chimborazo,  the  moft  elevated  poin^in  this  vuft  chain 
of  mountains,  is  20,280  feet,  abovl||||00^  feet  higher 
than  any  other  mountaittvin  the  ku««  iR*brld. 

North- America,  thoujfh  an  une,^n  country,^  has  no 
remarkable  high  mountains.  The  moft  confiderable 
"Me  thof€  known  under  the  general  name  of  vht^llegany 
:^.  ^^fe  Itretch  along  in  many  brokfi  ridges 
under  diffei^f nt  liames  from  Hudfon's  river  to  Georgia^' 
The  Jndef  and  the  4ilegany  Mounfitins  arc  probably  tW. 
fame  range,  interrupted  by  i'le  Gutfof  Mexico.    k.w« 


w0mii^'-^  ■■•mimmf»m^''-''-'''*^^Mtt, 


OF  AMERICA. 


3t 


Heen  conjedtufiBd  that  the  Weft-Trtdia  Tflands  ware 
formerly  united  with  each  other,  and  formed  a  part  qF 
the  continent*  connedting  North  and  Stjuth- America. 
Their  prefent  disjointed 'lituation  is  fuppofed  to  have- 
•been  occafioned  by  the  trade  winds.  It  is  well  known 
that  they  produce  a  ftrong  and  continual  current  from 

_  eaft  to  weft,  which,  by  beating  againft  the  continent  for 
along  courfe  of  years  muft  produce  furprizing  altera- 
tions, and  may  have  produced  fuch  an  cffed  asms  been 

•     fuppofed. 

^ he  firjl  peopling  of  America.']  America  was  very  prob- 
ably peopled  early  after  the  flood.  Who  were  the  fir  ft 
people  of  America  ?  and  whence  did  they  come  ?  are 
qtieftions  'concerning  which  much  has  been  fold  and 
written.  Dr.  Robertfon  and  the  Abbe  Clavigero  have 
attempted  a  folution  of  them.  ",  j^^/ 

Dr.  Robertfon,  having  recapitulated  and  canvaflcd 
the  moft  plaufible  opinions  on  the  fubjedl,  comes  to  the 
following  c.^nclufions,  viz. 

^"v  I.  That  America  was  not  peopled  by  any  nation  from 
the  ancient  continent,  which  had  made  any  confidera* 
■kle  progrefs  in  civilization  ;  becaufe  when  America  was 
irft  difcovercd,  its  inhabitants  were  unacquainted  with 
thenece/Tary  arts  of  life,  which  are  the  fira  eifays  of 
the  human  mind  toward  improvement ;  and  if  they  had 
ever  been  acquainted  with  them,  for  inftance,  with  th|; 
plough,  the  loom  and  the  forge,  their  utility  woufd  have 
keen  fo'  great  and  obvious,  that  it  is  impoflible  they 
fliouid  hare  been  loft.  Therefore  the  anceilors  of  ths 
ftrrt  fettlers  of  America  were  unjcivilizeJ,  and  unac- 
quainted with  the  neceflary  arts  of"  life. 

2.  America  could  not  have  been  peopled  by  any  col- 
ony from  the  more  fouthern  nations  of  the  ancient  con- 
tinent;  becaufe  aone  of  the  rude  tribes  of  thefc  pjifts 
poffefled  ^nterprize,  ingenuity,  or  power,  fufficient  to 
undertake  liich  a  diftant  voyage  :  but  moye  efpecially, 
becaufe,  that  in  all  America  there  is  not  an  animal  tame 
or  wild,  which  properly  belongs  to  tlie  warm,  or  tem- 
per^ countries  of  the  eaftern  continent.  The  firil 
«are  of  the  Spaniards,  when  they  fettled  hi  America^ 
was  to  ftock  it  with  ail  thedomeftick'artimaJsof  Europe. 
-The  firft  fettlers  of  Virginia  and  New-England  brougiit 
•wei  v/ith  tham  horfes,  cattle,  Qa^y  Slq,     Hence  it  il 


zr-tK^iSSKSttrrs^ 


40 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION. 


m 


i  - 


obviousthat  the  people, who  fira fettled  itf  America,  di4 
not  originate  from  thofe  countries  where  thefe  animals 
abound,  otherwife,  having  been  accudomed  to  their  aid. 
ther  would  have  fuppofed  them  neceflary  to  the  im, 
provement,  and  even  fupport  of  civil  fociety. 

3.    Since  the  animals  in  the  northern  regions  of  A- 
naerica  correfpond  with   thofe  found  in  Europe  in  tho 
fanic  latitudes,   while   thofe  in  the  tropical  regions  are 
indigenous,  and  widely  diiFerent  from  thofe  which  in- 
habit the  correfponding   regions  on  the   eaftern  conti^ 
nent,  it  is  more  than  probable  that  all  the  original  Amer^ 
ican  animals  were  of  thofe  kinds  which  inhabit  north- 
ern regions  only,  and  that  the  two  continents,  towards 
the  northern  extremity,  are  fo  nearly  united,    as  thai 
tliefe  animals  might  pafs   from  one  to  the  other. 
-    4.  It  having  been  e.'tibiinied  bevond  a  doubt,  by  the 
difcoveries  of  Capt.  Cook,  in  his  ka  voyage,  that  at 
-^aw^^/i^,  in  about lat.  66''north,th€  continents  of  A fia 
and  America  are  feparated  by  a  Rriiit  onljr  1 8  miles  wide» 
and  that  tJje  inhabitants  of  each   continent  are   (imilar, 
and  frequently  pafs  and  repafs  in  canoes  from  one  Conti- 
Rent  to  the  other.    From  thefe  and  other  clrcnrnftances, 
it  is  rendered  highly  probahic,  that   America  Mas  firft 
peopled  from  the  northeaft  parts  of  Afia.      But  fmce 
the  Efqnimaux  Indians  are  manifeftly  a  feparate  fpecies 
ofmen^  diftindfrom   all   the  nations  of  the  American 
continent,  in  language,  in  dipofition   and  in  habits  of 
life  ;  and  in  all  thefe  refpefts  bear  a  near  refemblance  to 
the  northern  Europeans,  it  is  believed ^at  the   Efqui* 
maux  Indians  emigrated  from  the  n(^^:weft  parts  of 
Europe.     Several-  circumHahces    conft^   this   belief. 
As  early  as  the  ninth  century  the  Noipegians  dlfcover, 
ed  Greenland,  and  planted  colonie%^%ere.     The  com* 
municatioft  with  that  country,  a<j^  long  interuption, 
was  renewed  ifi  the  1 6th  century. '  Some  Lutheran  and 
Moravian mifliSnaries  prompted  by  zeal  for  propagating 
the  Chriftian  faith  have  ventured  to  fettk  in  this  frozen 
region.     From  tlfem  we  learn  that  the  northweft  eoaft 


vjiCeiaand   is  iepajifttcd  fiOili  Afiierica  but  by  a,  very 


narrow  ftrait,  if  fepaiated  at  all  r  and  that  the  Efqui 
niaux  of  America  perfcalyrefemble  the  Greenlandera 
in  their  afpc(a,  drefs,  mode  of  living,  and  probably  lan^ 
guage.    By  tiwfe  decifive  fa<as,  not  nn\y  the  coafaii* 


■>s««<IWW'    -'^■^^^^■'Kf^- 


I.  ■■■mgi.iiii 


'  mmmntm 


•F  AMERICA. 


^ 


guinity  of  the  EfquimauxandGreenlandersis  eftablifhei,. 
-  but  the  poffiMlity  of  peopling  America  from  the  north- 
wef^  parts  of  Europe.  On  the  whole  it  appears  rational 
to  conclude,  that  the  progenitors  of  all  the  American 
nations,  from  Cape  Horn  to  the  fouthern  limits  of  La- 
brador, from  the.  fimilarity  of  their  afpefl:,  colour,  &c. 
migrated  from  the  nortb-eaft  parts  of  AQa  j  and  that  the 
?  nations  that  inhabit  Labrador,  Efquimaux,  and  thepartf 
adjacent,  from  their  unlikenefs  to  the  American  nations 
and  their  refemblance  to  the  northern  Europeans,  came 
over  from  the  nprth-weft  parts  of  Europe.* 

Such  is  the  opinion  of  Dr.  Robertfon.  The  Abbe 
Clavigero  who  was  a  native  of  America,  and  had  muck 
better  advantages  for  knowing  its  hiftorythan  Dr.  Rob- 
^rtfon,  gives  his  opiiiion  in  the  following  conclufioos  : 
-  I.  The  Americans  defcended  from  different  nations, 
or  from. diilerent  families,  difperfed,  after  the  confufion 
of  tongues.  No  perfon  will  doubt  of  the  truth  of  this* 
who  has  any  knowledge  qf  the  multitude  and  great  di- 
'  yerfity  of  the  American  languages.  In  Mexico  alone 
thiriyfiveXmvt  been  already  difcovered.  In  South-Amer- 
ica ftiil  more  are  known.  In  the  beginning  of  the  i6tk< 
aentury  the  Portuguefe.counted^_y  in.  Maragnon.f 

It  woald  therefore  be  ^bfurd  to  fay,  that  languages 
fi)  different  were  different  dialeds  of  one  original.  Is  it 
probable,  or  even  poffible,  that  a. nation  Ihould  alter  its 
primitive  language  to  fuch  a  degree,  or  multiply  its  dia- 
leas  fo  varioufly  as  that  there  Ihould  not  be  even  after 
fo  many  centuries,  if  not  fome  words  common  to  all,  at 
feafl:  an  afBnity  between  them,  or  fomc  traces  left  of 
their  origin  ?  ^ 

2.  The  Americ^ns^  do  not  derive  their  origin  from, 
any  people  now  exifting  as  a  nation  on  the  eaftern  con- 
tinent ;  at  leaft  there  is  no  reafon  to  affirm  that  they  do. 
This  inference  is  founded  on  the  fame  argument  with, 
the  preceding  ;  fince,  if  the  Americans  are  defcendants! 
from  any  of  thefe  nations,  it  wo'did  be  pofllble  to  trace 
their  origin  by /ome  marks  in  their  language*,  in  ipite 

.  *  Hifl^ry  of  Amerka,  Vol.  II.  p.  %%  &c. 

•fs  Thefe  fafts  have  bten  difputcd.    There  are  but  vcxy  few 
•fjgiDal  l«nguages  in  the  world.     Three  only  ei?ift  in  Afia,  the- 
Saufcrit,  the  Arahhi,  and  the  Tartar,  It  k  incredible  that  io  majif. 
iuiuld  have  esiftcd  iu  Mexko  and  Stuth-iliyuau. 


rito«— n-jgjWljIO'  ■-,  1  «..  if' 


■.•.!^'iX%ititilS^^ 


'.imiiuiL^-  >  A  -  ^.t  .^^a.-..  »a  .V 


^ri 


tlli>i|W<ipi|iMii 


4» 


GENERAL  DESCRPTIONT 


©f  the  antiqttitf  of  theirieparation  :  hut  any  fuch  tnMse» 
have  not  yet  been  difcovered. 

But  how  did  die  inhabitants  and  wiimaU  opiginallf 
pafsto^ America,  and  from  what  parts  did  ihcy  coined 
Thc'firft  inhabitants  of  America  might  pafs  there  in 
veffcls  byfea,  or  travel  by  land  or  by  ice.  i.They 
might  either  pafs  therein  veffeJs  defignedly,  if  the  dif- 
tance  by  water  were  but  fmall,  or  be  .carried  upon  it 
accidentally  by  favourable  winds.  2.  They  might  pafe 
by  land  on  the  fuppofition  of  the  union  of  the  conti- 
nents. 3.  They  might  alfo  mate  that  paffage  over  the 
ice  of  fome  froaen  arm  of  the  fea. 

The  quadrupeds  and  reptiles  of  the  new  world  paff- 
ed  there  by  land.  This  fka  is  manifeft  from  the  im- 
probability and  inconfiftency  of  all  other  opinions. 

This  neceflarily  fuppofes  an  ancient  union  between  the 
equinoxial  countries  of  America   and  thofe  of  Africa* 
and  a  connexion  of  the  noi  them  countries  of  America, 
with  Europe  on  the  E.  and  Alia  on  the  W.  ;  fo  that  there 
has  probably  been  a  period  fmce  the  flood,  when  ther^^ 
wasbut  ONE  continent.  Thebeafts  of  cold  climates  pafll 
edover  the  northern  ifthmufles,  which  probably  conneA- 
ed  Europe,  AmericaandAfia ;  and  the  animals  and  r«p- 
liles  peculiar  to  hot  countries  pafled  over  the  ifthmus  that 
probably  once  conne<fted  S.  America  with  Africa.     Va- 
rious reafons  induce  us  tobelievethatthere  was  formerly 
a  traftof  lan*which  united  the  moft  eaftern  part  of  Bra- 
zil to  the  molt  weftern  part  of  Africa  ;  and  that  all  the 
fpacc  of  land  may  have  been  funk  by  violent  earthquakes 
leaving  only  fome  traces  of  it  in  that  chain  of  iflandsof 
which  Cape  de  Verde,  Fernando,  de  Norona,  Afceniion 
and3t.  Matthew's Iflands  make  apart ;  and  alfo  in  thofe 
many  fand  banks   difcovered  by  different  navigators* 
and  particulaly  by  de  Bouche,  who  founded  that  fea  with 
great  exaancfs.     Thefe iflands  and fand-banks  may  probi 
ably  have  been  the  highca  parts  of  that  funken  illhmus. 
In  like  manner,  it  is  probabie,  the  nor4;;.weftern  part  of 
America  was  united  to  the  nortbeaftern  pa«t  of  Alia  H" 
a  aeok   of  land  which  has  been   fank  or^witihed  away, 
and  the  nonheaftcni  parts  of  America  to  tl^c  u©rlhwcft- 
«n  parts  of  Europe,  by  Greenl.asid,  Iceland,  ^c, 

J^iimhiiants . j    It  hxv  4^cen  common,  In  eilimating  tlie 
pcpakclvnof  Ui«\tp»k  vordi  C^  allow:  (50  millioastA 


«>lli*H»»" 


•W* 


"•f" 


»#»- 


■•■MHWHinn 


"rfimi^'r  '»■  <  '»» 


OF  AMERICA. 


^ 


Amtnoa.  Bi»t  t^is  »s  frobaUy  thwe  times  their  wal 
jittniber.  Jor  if  we  fuppofe  ev^cjr  pai^t  of  tihc  whole 
«>rttm©nt  of  AjiWMca  to  be  as  populous  as  the  Unite«J 
States,  (which  usm  the  cafe )«he  wiiole  munUr  wiil  be 
but  aboiit  6o4mUioas.  The  ©xad  number  is  probablr 
confiderably  lefs.  *^        /^ 

TheprefentAiBencansm^y  be  divided  into  4 wo  ^ea- 
eial  cJaffM-^irft,  the  proper  Americans,   coromSHly 
••ailed  Indians,  fometimes  Aborigines,  or  tliofc  who  4M»e 
defcended  from  the  firft  inhabitants  of  the  new  world 
and  who  have  not  mixed  their  blood  with  the  inhalnt* 
ants  of  the<ad  continent.     SeeonOiy,  thofe  who  hav« 
migrated,  oiite«  been  tranfportcd  to  America  fiixce  its 
diicdvcry  by.«C^umbus,  and  their  defcendants.     The 
^rmer  may  be  fnbdlvided  into  three  claffes.     VirH,  the 
South- Amerioan  Indians,  who  probably  came  over  from 
tl^  noFtliernand  weftern  parts  of  Africa,  and  the  foi^h- 
ern  parts  of  Afia  and  Europe.    Secondly,  the  Mexicans 
tSi  .     .    Indians  fouthof  the  Lakes,  and  weft  of  the 
Miffihppi,     Thirdly,  theinhabitants  of  Efquimaux.^^ 
brador,  aad  the  countries  aroai;id  them.   The  latter  mi*y 
alio  bediftinguifhed  into  three  claffes.     Pirft,  E^pe- 
ans   of  many  different  nations,  who  have  migrated  to 
America,  and  their  delcendants  of  unmixed  blood  :  in 
this  cl^s  we  include  the   Spaniards,  Engliih,  Scotch, 
Irilh,   French,  Portugaefe,  Germans,  Dutch,  Sw^s, 
&c.  both  m  North  and  South-America.     Secondly,  Af- 
ricans v  ho  hav^  been  trarifported  to  America    and  rts 
iflands,  and   their  defcendants.      Thirdly,  the  mixed 
breeds,  called  by  the  Spaniards,  Ca/fm,  by  die  £n>li(h. 
Mulattoes;  that  is,  thofe  wlio  are  defcended  from  a 
European  and  an  American,  or  from  a  European  and 
African,  or  from  an  African  and  American.    We  ftall 
under  thts  article  confine  ourfelves  to  the  preset  abo- 
rigmal  Americans,  or  Indians.  ^  .^ 

Columbus  gives  thefollowlng  account  of  tlw  Indians 
•#t  Wilpaniola,  to  Ferdinand  and  Ifabella. 

2.  iWQs.1  to  yont  nrajeiiies,  ihitt  there  is  not  a  better 
people  m  the  world  than  tliefe ;  more  aflTciJlifinate,  affa- 
ble and  mild  ;  they  love  their  neighbours  a*  themfclves  ; 
then- language  is  the  fweeteft,  the  fofteft,  and  the  moft 
«h8erful,  for  they  always  fpeak  Aniling  ;  and  although 
they  go  naked,  let  your  miijeiiiss  believe  me,  their  cii*- 


'•flKW*««., 


4* 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION 


toms  are  very  becoming  ;  and  their  king,  who  ts/erTed> 
with  great  majefty,  has  fuch  engaging  manners>,that  it 
gives  great  pleaftire  to  fee  him  $  and  alfu  to  confiderthe 
great  retentive  faculty  of  that  people,  and  their  defire 
of  knowledge,,  which  invites  them  to  afk  thecauiesan^ 
e&e&s  of  things/**  >  -*  :  c>  ;^ 

Charlevoix,  in  his  hiftory  of  Paraguay,  has  colle^ed' 
from  the  Jefuits  perhaps  the  beft  information  refpefting 
the  more  fouthern  Indians.  Comparing  his  particular 
defcriptiorts  of  the  numerous  nations  who  inhabit  the 
fouthern  dividons  of  South-America,  we  give  thefollow- 
ihg  a$  the  leading  traits  intheir  ge^al  charadter. 
.They  are  generally  of  an  olive  comp|(^hli»  fome  dark<» 
er,  others  lighter^  and  fome  ais  white  s^mt  Spaniards. 
Their  ftature  is  j-ather -below  thanjibove  the  middling. 
fize  ;  though  fome  nations  rank  them  among'  thetalleS 
•f  the  human  fpeices  ;  moil  of  them  are  thicklegged* 
and  joipted,  and  have  round  and  flat  faces. 

Alnipii  all  the  men  and  children  in-  the  warm  cU- 
mates,  and  in  the  fummer  in  colder  regions,  go  quite 
naked.  The  women  wear  no  more;  covering  than  the 
moft  relaxed  modefty:  feems^^abfolutely  to  require.  Ev- 
ery nation  has  a  different  dialed,  and  a  different  mode 
•f  adorning  themfelves.  The  clothing  of  fuch  as  make 
life  ojf  it,  is  made  of  thefkins  of  bealts,  of  feathers  fewedi 
together,  and  in  the  fouthern  and  colder  regions,  where 
.they  raife  Ibeep,  of  wool  manufactured  into  fluffs  and 
.blankets.  They  are  reprefented  as  almoft  univerfally 
addi^ed  to  drunkennefs.  There  feenis  to  be  no  other 
vice  common  to  them  all. 

Some  nations  are  reprefented  as  dull,  cruel  and  in- 
conflant ;  others  as  fierce,  cunninz  and  thievifl) ;  others 
as  humane,  ingenious  andhofpitable  j.  and  in  general  they 
are  kind  andattentive  to  ftrai^ers,  fo  long  as  they  are 
well  ufed  by  them  ;  and  we  fcidora  read  of  their  being 
fcfirft  in  a  quarrel,  with  thofe  who  pafs  their  territories, 
or  fojourn  among  them..    The  aftonifhing  fuccefs  of  tlie 


.^      <tA 


*ft> 


faith,  is  a  convi<5tive  proof  of  their  capacity  to  receive 
inftruaion  ;  of  their  docility,  Ijumauiiy,  and  friendly 
difpoiitions, 

•  Hift.  Cofttmb.  Chap,  XXXTI. 


w^^m^ 


OF  AMERICA. 


41 


As  to  the  r«cond  cUfs  of  American  Indians,  who  fof- 
aierly  inhabited,  and  who  yet  inhabit,  Mexico  and  the 
country  fouth  of  the  lake  and  weft  of  the  Mifldfippi^ 
and  who  came  over,  as  we  have  fuppofed,  from  the 
hortheaft  parts  of  Afia  ;  they  fesm,  from    whatever 
caufe,  to  be  advanced  fome what  higher,  in  the  fcale  of 
improvement  than  the  South-Americans,  if  we  except 
the  Peruvians,  who  appear  to  have  made  greater  pro- 
grefs  in  civilization  than  even  the  Mexicans.      Con» 
cerning  the  nations  of  the  vaft  country  of  Anahuak  or 
New  Spain,  compofing  a  large  portion  of  the  fecond 
clafs  of  the   proper  Americans,  the    Abbe  Clavigero 
has  the  following  obfervations  :     "  We  have  had  inti- 
mate commerce  for  many  years  with  the  Americans  ; 
have  lived  feveral  years  in  a  femtnary  deftined  for  their 
inUruaion  ;  and  had  fome  Indians  among  our  pupils  5 
had  particular  knowledge  of  many  American  reftors, 
many  nobles,  and  numerous  artifts  ;  attentively  obferved 
their  charadler,  their  genius,  their  difpofition  and  man* 
ner  of  thinking  ;  and  have  examined  befides  with  thfi 
utmoil  diligence,  their  ancient   hifbry,  their  religion, 
their  government,  iheiir  laws  and  their  cuftoms.     After 
fuch  loBg  experience  and  ftudy  of  tliem,  from  which  w< 
imagine  ourfelve.<  able    to  decide    without  danger  of 
erring,  we  declare  that  the  mental  qualities  of  the  A-^ 
merican  Indians  are  not  m  the  Jeaft  degree  infetiour  to 
thofe   of  the  Europeans »  that  they  .tre  capable  of  all 
even  the  mofl  abftraft  fciwices,  and  that  if  equal  car© 
and  pains  were  taken  h»  their  ^ucation,  we  Ihould  fe<i 
rife  among  them  philofophers,  matheroatioians  and  di- 
vines, who  would  rival  the    firlt  in  Europe.    15ut  it  is 
not  poiHble  to  make   gieat  progrefs  in  the  fciences,  in 
thejaidft  of  a  life  of  mifery,  f«;ivitude  and  oppre0k)n. 
Ttmr  ancient  government,  their  laws,  an4  their  arts, 
evidently  deraonftrate,  that  they  fuffered  no  want  of 
genius." 

They  are  of  a  good  ftatiire,  rather  exceeding  the  mid- 
dle Gze  ;  well  proportioned  in  all  their  limbs,  having  a 
URQ  olive  complexion  ;  narrow  iordieads  j  biaCj^  ^jv=  i- 
clean,  firm,  regular,  white  teeth  ;  thick,  black,  coarfe, 
glofly  hair  ;  thin  beards,  and  generally  no  hair  on  their 
iiegs,  thighs  and  arms.    Xhey  are  neither  very  beautiful 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION 


,  p.. 


nor  the  reverfc,  but  hold  a  middle  place  between  the 
•xtremes.  They  are  moderate  eaters,  but  much  addidb- 
cd  to  ifttemperance  in  drinking,  which,  as  far  as  we 
know,  is  true  of  aH  the  American  Indians.  They  are 
patient  of  injuries  and  hardlhips  and  grateful  for  bene- 
fits. Good  faith  is  not  fo  much  refpeded  as  it  deferves 
to  be.  They  aretiaturally  unfocial,  ferious  and  auftere. 
Generofity  and  perfedldifintereftednefsareftrikingtraits 
in  their  charafter.  Their  religion  is  blended  with  much 
fiiperftition-  and  fome  ©f  the  more  ignorant  are  very 
prone  to  idolatry. 

The  refpeft  paid  by  children  to  their  parents,  and  by 
tfte  young  to  the  old,   among  thofe  people  is  highly 
commendable.     P;ir«nts  are  fond  of  their  children. 
-^   Of  their  morality,  the  following   exhortation  of  a 
Mexican  to  his  fon,  luayferve  as  a  fpecimen  :     «  My 
fon,  who  art  come  into  the  light  from  the  womb  of  thy 
Jnother,  like  a  chicken  from  the  egg,  and  like  it  are  pre- 
paring to  Hy  through  the  world,  we  know  not  how  long 
^eaven  will  grant  to  us  the  enjoyment  of  that  preeiou* 
gem  which  we   poflefs  in  thee  ;  btft  however  (hort  the 
^rrod,  endeavour  to  live  exadly,  praying  God  contin- 
ually  to  affift  thee.     He  created  thee  ;  thou  art  his  prop- 
erty. -  He  is  thy  fether,  and  loves  thee  ftill  more  than 
I  do  ; .  repofe  in  him  thy  thoughts,  and  day  and  night  di- 
r-eft  thy  fighs  to  him.     Reverence  and  falute  thy  elders, 
and  hold  no  one  in  contempt.     To  the  poor   and  dif- 
treffed  be  not  dumb,  but  rather  ufe  words   <^  comfort. 
Honour  all  perfons,  particularly  thy  parents,  to  whoni 
thou  oweft  obedience,     refpeft  and    fervice.     Guard 
againft  imitating  the  example  of  thole  wicked  fons,  who, 
like,  brutes,  are   deprived  of  reafon,   neither  reverence 
their  parents,  liften  to  their  inftrudlion,  nor  fubmil;  to 
their  corredlion  becaufe,  whoever  follows   their  Ifeps 
will  have  an  unhappy  end,  will  die  in  a  defperate  or 
fudden  manner,  and  will  be  killed  and  devoured  by  v/ild 
beads.     ,*  . 

««  Mock    riot,   my  fon,   the  aged  or  the  imperfed* 

Scorn  nnt  Jilm   urKrYm  ir/v>i    /^<.  ^..11.:...^     /i r_ii, 

tfanfgrefljon,  nor  make   him  reproaches,  but  refti-ain 
thyfelf,  ^nd   beware  Jeft  thou  fall  into  the  fame  errour    > 
which  offends  thee  iii  another.     Go  not -where  thdu  art 
^ot  called,  nor  interfere  in  that  which  does  not  concern. 


■■■■■    i«  I'    ,!■,„  ,  <.-j,',.i.  ..    -,i;,',-^|  I  f 


~iU. 


;^fl^r"-™'-»«-«88J»BE'*r*''-''w^^ 


tween  the 
:h  addii^b- 
far  as  we 
rhey  are 
for  bene- 
defervcs 
I  auftere. 
ingtraits 
ilh  much 
are  very 

,  and  by 
is  highly 
ren. 

ion  of  a 
«  My 
b  of  thy 
are  pre- 
owlong 
precious 
hort  the 
contin- 
lis  prop- 
•re  than 
night  di- 
dders, 
md  dif- 
omfort. 
whom 
Guard 
IS,  who, 
verence 
m^  to 
iri-lreps 
rate  or 
>y  v/ild 

perfed* 
lij,  or 
reftl-aiB 
errour  > 
i6u  art 
onc^rn. 


OF  AMERICA. 


47 


thee.    Endeavour  to  manifeft  thy  good  breeding  in  sAl, 
thy  v/ords  and  afliohs.     In   converfation,  do   not  lay   - 
thy  hands  upon  another,  nor  fpeak  too  much,  nor  in- 
terrupt or  difturb  another's  difcourfe.      When  any  on«, 
difcourfes  with  thee,  hear  him  attentively,  and  hold  thy- 
feir  in  an  eafy  attitude,  neither  playing  with  thy  feet,    ' 
nor  putting  thy  mantle  to  thy  mouth,  nor  fpittin^  too 
*ften  nor  looking  about  you  here  and   there,  nor  rifing  • 
up  frequently  if  thou  art  fitting  ;    for    fuch  adtiona 
are  indications  of  levity  and  low  breeding."     He  pro- 
ceeds to  mention  feveral   particular  vices  which  are  to 
be  avoided,  and  concludes—"  g'teal   not,  nor  give   thy- 
felf  to  gaming  ;  otherwife  thou  wilt  be  a  difgracetothy 
parents,  whom  thou  oughteft  rather  to  honour  for  the 
education  they  have  given  thee.    If  thou.wilt  be  virtu- 
ous, thy  example  will  put  the  wicked  to  Ihaine.     No  - 
more,  my  fon ;  enough   hath  ^een  faid  in   difchargc 
of  the  duties  of  a  father.     With  thefe  counfels  I  wtfh  ' 
to  fortify  thy  mind.     Refufe  them  not,  nor  aft  in  con- 
traditaion  to  them  j  for  ©n  them   tlay  life  and  all  thy 
happinefs  depends." 

The  more  northern  Indians,  whom  we  have  included 
in  the  fecond  clafs,  in  their  complexion,  fize  and  form 
are  not  in  general  unlike  the  Mexicans.  In  focial  and 
domeftick  virtues,  in  agriculture,  arts  and  manufadl ares, 
they  are  far  behind  the  Mexicans  j  in  their  hofpitality, 
«qual  5  and  in  their  eloqu£nce  in  council,  and  bravery 
in  war,  perhaps  fuperiour.  Their  mode  of  life,  and  the 
ftate  of  fociety  among  them,  afford  few  objefts  for  the 
<3ifplay  either  of  their  literary  or  political  abilities.   . 

The  third  clafs  of  American  Indians,  viz.  thofe  i^ho 
inhabit  Efquimaux,  Labrador  and  the  countries  around, 
are  much  lefs  known  than  either  of  th"e  aforementioned 
clafTes.  Thofe  who  proifefs  to  be  bell  acquainted  with 
them  fay,  they  differ  in  fize  and  iKape  from  the  other 
American  Indians-  and  refenible"  the  Laplanders  and 
Samoeids  of  Europe,  from  vrhom,  it  is  conjedured  by 
fomcj  they  defcended.  /_    A 

The  Efquimaux,  according  to  Mr.  Pennant,  are^f- 

frtp"'nf!isd  ^  froni  the  tribes  ibuth  of  them  cbiefiy    by 

4  ^heir'drefs,  their  canoes,  and  their  inftruments  of  chafe, ,. 

He   divides  them  into  two.  varieties.     About  Prince 

WiUiam's  fouad  tliey  are  of  the  large  (I  fiac.     As  you 


.  »■ 


^m'M^T't^'V"^ 


48    SETTLEMENT  OF  NO RTtt-AMERICA. 

advance  northward  they  decreafe  in  height,  till  thct 
dwindle  into  the  dwarfifli  tribes  which   occupy  fohie 
oF  the  coafts  of  the  Icy  Sea,  and  the  maritime  parts  of 
Hudfoh's   Bay,  of  Greenland   and  Labrador.     Their 
dwarfifiines  isdoubtlefs  occafioned  by  the  fcantinefs  of 
their  provifions  and  the  feveiity  of  their  climate.     Bc- 
yoAd  tht  6^th  degtt*  N.  iat.  according  to  Capt;  Ellis's 
account,   there  are  no  inhabitants.    The  Arftick   coun- 
tries in  America,  Afia,  and  Greenland,  if  inhabited  at 
all,  have  very  few   inhabitants  ;  and  thofe  are  of  the 
dwarfiih  kind,  fcattered  on  the   banks   of  rivers,  lakes, 
and  feiis,  and  fubfift  thiferably  upon  fifli,  and  the  flefli  of 
ihofe  animals  which  inhabit  thofe  frozen  regions,  with 
the  fltins  of  which  they  clothe  themfelves. 

The  newly  difcovered  American  Indians  about  Noot- 
ka  Sound,  difgulfe  themfelves  after  the  manner  of  the 
ancient  Scythians  in  dreifes  m;*de  of  the  fkins  of  welvcs, 
and  other  wild  beads,  and  wear  even  the  heads  fitted  to 
their  own.  Thefe  habits  they  ufe  m  the  chafe,  to  cir- 
ctimvent  the  animals  of  the  field. 

Concerning  the  religion  of  the  Indians  much  ha* 
been  faid,  and  much  that  has  no  foundation.  In.gen- 
eral  it  may  be  obferved  that  they  all  have  an  idea  of  k 
Supreme  Being,  whom  they  worftiip  under  different 
names,  ^nd  with  a  great  variety  of  fuperftitious  rites 
and  ceremonies. 


•i 


NORTH-AMERICA. 

A  StJMMARY  ACCOUNT  OF     THE     FIRST     DISCOVERV    ANk 
SETTLEMENT  OF    NORTH-AMERICA.       . 


ARRANGED    IN    CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER. 

NCRTH-AMERICA  was  difcovered  in  therelga 
of  Henry  VII.  a  period  when  the  arts  and  fciences 

U-*J    .^.J;.  w»: ^ r.-i 11..    i--  ?_    f 

ny  of  the   firll  adventurers  were  men  of   genius  an 
learning,  and  were  careful  to  preferre  authentick    rcL 
ordsof  fttch  of  their  proceedings  as  would  be  intereH 


ffiA- 


;»vrt,«>«!ii«W»?^*7"--'- 


SETTLEMENT  OF  NORTH-AMERICA.   49 

ing  to  pofteritjr.  Theft  records  afford  ample  documentt 
for  American  hiftorians.  Perhaps  nopeople  on  the  globe 
can  trace  the  hiftory  of  their  origin  andprogrefs  wjth  fo 
much  precifion  as  the  inhabitants  of  North-America  j 
particularly  tl;iat  part  of  them  who  inhabit  the  territory 
of  the  United  States.  ' 

The  following  will  rhew#»lhe  chronological  order  In 
which  the  firft  fettlements  were  made  in  North-Arillrlcaf 

Namcii  of  Placet.  When  tetcied.  By  w  hom 

Qiiebcck,  1608  By  the  French." 

Virginia,  June  10,    1610  By  Lord  de  la  W». 

Ncwfoundlandjune,  1610  By  Govcrnour  ioSmGnr. 

New-York,  ■^■'  «      -'     *^      .  . .,    i 

New-Jerfey, 
Plymouth, 


•^      T 


New-Hampfiiirc, 

Delaware, 
Pennlylvania, 
MaCachufetts  Bay^ 

Maryland, 

Connedlcttt, 

Rhode-Ifland, 


New-Jerfey, 


} 


South-Carolina, 
Pennfylranra, 

Ifertb-Carolina,  about  17 1  o 

^^      AQd  about 


Ge0rjgia, 
i^^^^ktf  about 
E 


16 la     By   the  Dutch  at   Albany. 
1618     By  the  Dutch  at    Bergen. 
,5^0  J  By  part  of  Mr.   Robinfon'g 

^     congregation.  , 
162  x^^  ^^'"^^^Eng.  col.  near  the 
^  X  mouth  of  Pifcataqua  rivcr^ 

1 52  7     By  the  Swedes  and  Frtis. 

1628     ByCaptJlEndicotaridCo. 

1 6,-  I  By  Lord  Baltimore  with  a 

^^  I   Colony  of  R.  Catholicks. 

f  By  Mr.  Fenwick,  set  Say- 
1 63 5  -J      brook ,  nearlhe  mouth  of 

C     Connefticut  river. 

,(5,5  fByMr.  Roger WiUiamsand 
^^  I     his  prefecuted  Ibrethr^ 
f  Granted   to  the'^lDpk 
York  by  Charles  II 
made  a  diftinft    gdfern- 
menr    and   fettled  fome 
I    time   before  this  by  the 
I  Englift. 
1669     By  Goyernour  Sayle. 
1682  i^^  William  Penn,  with  a 
I    ctionycf  Quakers. 
By  a  number  of  Palatines 
from  Germany. 
Erected    iiito  a    ieparate 
government. 
173a     By  General  Oglethorpi 
175®  /ByCQl.Wood,andoiher$» 


';a . 


1664 


1728 


Sm      BIVISfONS    alP  NORTH.AMERICA. 


Veitiion»» 
'TiBQiieirct, 


»^®9^ 


WlMMfcttM.  By 

....  1^73    By  Col.  Dante)  Booo. 

CBj  emignnts  from  Com 

li^oac  i7<S4*{   ne^icut  and  other  pafti 

C  df  New-£oglaiid^ 

'  Becamt  a  feparate  govern. 

j£etded  many  years  before. 

t^Q()    Became  an  jndepend.  States 

Zl    JBy  the  Ohid    and   other 

-rQ|d3     Became  anii^depend.  State. 

;  f  Ceded  by  FVance  to  tile 

'Iii»ll||i»t,i0ac.'so,  1803J   United  State»,    and  an* 

^'  I  xle^Md  to  the 'Union, 

The  «boTe  dates  are  generally  from  the  periods  when 

' tlie  firft  permanent  fcltiemeats'vrere  made. 


**• 


'  Bot;ifl>Aft lES    Alio  EXTEHT. 

KORTH.AM£RIC A  comj^etids  all  that  part  of 
tiie  wefttrn  continent  which  lies  nolrth  tifthe  IflhKidn 
of  Oari^n,  extending  north  and  fouth  from  abont 
the  loih  degree  north  ]atitt>de»  to  the  n^th  pole  ;  and 
ea^  and  weft  from  the  Atlantickto  the  Pacinck  Ocesin 
between  the  55th  and  165th  degree^  of  weft  longitude 
from  Gri^nwich.  Beyond  the  70th  degree 'N.  lat.  few 
difcOveries  have  been  made.  In  July,  1779,  Capt.  Cook 
oeeedbd  as  far  as  lat.  71',  when  he  came  to  a  folt4 
dr1p|»  extending  i^ni  continent  to  continent. 

Tfli]  The  v^It  ountry  bounded  weft  by  the 
k  Oce  \n,  fouth  anti  eart  \  y  Cali^     Ja,New.Mer- 

Loudana,  the  United  States,  v^anada  aad  the 
Aflantick  Qcean  ;  and  extending  as  far  northas  the  coun- 
try is  hafciitable  (a  few  fcatiered  Englilh,  French,  aad 
ionie  other  l-luropean  feitlcments  Accepted)  is  inlubked 
wholly  by  vyrious  nations  and  tribesof  Indians.  The  In- 
dians tiifb  ppflefs  large  pad's  c^«|iuntry  within  rbcSnan- 
iOi,  Amcricah,  anu^feiu  dominions.  Thofe  parts  of 
North  America,  not  iahabited  by  Indian^,  belong  (if  wc 
iuclude  Greentand)  to  Denmark*  Great  Britain,  the  A- 


,.-j'  o--_:- 


_i. 


.-     T?l '.J. 


...    ^*.*.A«*^         A    4^. 


^  «.«*  ,     C*.  &  ««» 


all  weft   artd  loutli  oft}      wciiern   and  fouth-weiUiii 

i-ii  of  Lou i liana,    New-Mexico    and   CaKtcH- 

n  Great-Britaia  clatui   all  the  country  io^abis. 


!ff^- 


;a. 


i: 


on. 
n  C<m» 
tr  pATti 

govern, 
before. 
1.  Sutek 
I   other 

d;  State, 
to  tile 
and  aft* 
on« 
dtwbcB 


:  put  of 
lAhtiiin 
I  abotit 
le  }  and 

>ngitude 
lat.  few 
[>t.  Cook 
a  folii 
lent. 
i  by  the 
:w-Mex- 
aiid  the: 
tie  coun- 
ich,  and 
ilubked 
l%c  to- 
bcSnan- 
parrs  of 
g(ifw€ 
,  the  A- 

!  J-      -_ J 

-weM^ift 
Calift** 
ioliabU- 


^' 


^# 


1H 


m 


«l«ft 


/ 


1  > 


»>, 


.  ■/ 

■  i 

i 

"  '  • 

BIVISIQW  Of  WIlTH^AMl^tdCA 


5« 


jd  by  Eopo|>e^«>.1)ai|j{  mrih  w^  cift  of  |!ie  Unittdl 

8utei»  f xcept  Crc!eiilali4»  i»^tch  bcbngs"  to  Dtnmarip* 

The  rcmaimttg  part  it  the  territorf  of  the  Seventwft. 

k^'^K'v^i^^  J^/„PWci»^r  mvMcci  «d.  State*. 
«T  exhibited  in  the  followiog 


TABtE. 


^*- 


OumtriH,  Prfv> 

I  >Weft.Grf€nl«Bd 

-f  f*New-B/,ftata 
I  i  Upper  C4n»da> 
J  j  Lower  Caiuda  > 
|.  !  NewfoiiiMitand 

tew  BrmrfWicfc,    > 

I  3J» 


It  ' 


unMlfWfi. 


Qsebeck,  Montreal 
7.000    IH^ccwia,  St.  John**, 
Sidney^  LovtHhirf 

ooo    g«:?r*tH^^«,  «.  JofcttV 
HillfaE. 


Pjftriaof  Ma««  } 


Rhode>lflaDd 

Conoc/licuit; 

Niw-York 

Nfei»-Jcrfty 

PenB^i«am» 

JDdawarc 

Mta^a  Tercttory  ,^,. 
MichigKit  Territory.  5,ao6 
Maryland  349.604 

ColomlU*  Teuttory 


Kentucky. 
North-Caroliiw 

^S«tit«i-Cur<*liaa 
Qeorgu  ■»,,,«„ 

MiffilipplTftfUorj^^  0« 


^'flHwrida 
#C**«»iw,  Of  N«w  Ipaiji 


U«.7i9  Powl«nd»  Hal!ow«ll      '^^ 

^4^^  New{!ort,  I»rovia«nc« 

»J««Po*  Ncw^H?ve»,  HanlMl 

5«^ojo  New-York,  Albany 

411,149  Trenton,    BuHinxtoa,   B^trnft^ 

7  •poo    Manet**, 
4i87|.  Vincennici 
Detroit 

Aiinaplis,  Riltinere       ^ 

Wa&ington 

Ric^Hicii*,  Peter4^r{.N«r|bi}t 

Jlew<»crd,  Edentoo,  RaWf fc . 
Kii»kvi(fe  Na(ii«ilte.Orccttvtilt 
Cliarteftoii,  CdlumW*  ' 

S^vaanah,  Augttfta,  LaiMlfe 

Au|ttftiB< 
St  fee 


><<f 


J»  WEST-GREKNl,AND. 

,I)^N|P  AMERICA. .  . 

T^^i!?**^'*  *^°^^y  Prt)perijr  belongs  to  ncith#^ 

^A^        "  *.*   "^^  '  ^^^  ^^«  northward  by  {bt^ 

^V  /  ir!  i?^^*^  ^'^'^^^^ '  M''^' «  terminates  in  # 
porat  called  Gape  Fate wcU,  in  Jatit,Tde  sg  decrees  noJJh 
FacsofthCountm.X     The  weftern    rnJf        u^^* 

wafted  by  Davis^sWitsi!hT.^i.«  l  u*  ^^^^  « 
\?hich  rearQ  Jfc  l!li^^  *  '^  i"gh,  rocky,  barrenland, 
wmcli  rears  Its  head,   in^smoft  pieces  clofe  to  the  fta.  W 

t«  a^i^  The  Orecnlanders,  reckoned  to  amoaiii 
t^  about  ^o,  hve  to  the  fonthward  of  the  6?d  degree 
of  N.  latitude,  t>r  as  >the  inhalntants  are  wont  to  fif  2 
^^^  ;  b«t^oE«ropean»  Hve  there,  ib  tMeS 

ffi^tT^r  u  "^'  H°^'"'  T^  ^rcs^^^v.  colonies  haVr 
•M  therofekes  jto  the  northw^ard  Of  latitude  62^ 

J^^^Jtt  '^^T^'^  ^o^'ntains  of  ice  in  thi* 
ciw^,may  well  be  reckoned  among  its  greateft  cur^ 

^^^  Nothingc^  exhibit  a  WdreaSuirand  at 
nrodlS^l/r/  T'  <3l-%  appearance,  th^n  thiS 
pro4i|,o^smaffesx>f  ice  that  furround  the  whole  coaft' in 

im^mimi^  ^Itne  to  mmd  the  enchanting  icenes  ^ 

iXlaft  KMi    '  "^'t^  ^^  W  ^^^'  '^'''^  '^^  '^aves  to  rife 
^aft  billow.,  the  violenfcf ib^s  of  tt^  piece,  of  ice 

<fc»amgagainil^ne  another,  fill  the  mind  with  horrour 

.liie  ice  mountains  are  piece*  of  ice  floating  iB'thefca  - 
f  J^J!!L*""l*^i**°4^«7  curiduiforms  ;lbm«h«ve 
--*r.  ;=i--^-^iui»^v  w*  ^  vfiuciMi  or    cattle,  with  touarftoii. 
poimed    turret,  j  others  of  a  (hip  under  ftil,  ^^ 
grhave  often  given  themfelves    frultlefs  toil  togSW 
i«ard,  and  pdot  the  imaginary  fliip  into  hafbciarf  ttte 


•»i  vn*M'»'*''" ' 


'^tmmmii^^ 


*•!■ 


wJiifb  oTUA  iw  their  hcKlv  toe  yards  ^btdvc  th#ltv#f .' 
cf^ffea  t^  fee,  fortSw  «oAp«rt,lfviiy  hard, 
clear,  cad  trwi^areat  a>|^<}f  apibgreen  toho^ 
a«d  fome  p?«cet &y  Wne  t^t,  if  yo»  mdt  it  and  1«^ 
freejte  agmn^ifc  Wcoasft  wbitc. 

jftF  mdSeaJhf.^    Ai  m$  eooBtry  kcovered  te  tttrfki 
pJacM,  with  enrlaftingkcand  fnowi  it  is  eafy  to  iflMtfii. 
»i^that  it  Rma  be  extrcsely  cold.      In  thefe^b^ 
where  the  iithahitams  enjoy  the  vifita  of  the^IJiMui^ 
«Jonr  pr  two  ixr  a  day,  in  win&er,  the^oM  ts^iMhiei. 
tbpugh  eyen  there,  Arong  liquojrs  will  fi^it  T^lwi  o^ 
of  the  warm  rooBM.     But  where   Ae^^^itlVf«r* 
^ea  the  hcriaon.  while  people  jwidiinking  tmtim 
eawtied  cup  will  freeae  on  the  tables 

^Aunmer  th«re  it  no  ni^t  in  this  cowmyi    Bevond' 
the  ^ih^degree,  m  the  longeft  days,  the  fen  doesttM%t  r 
and  at  Good  Hope,  Jnlatit«de6A^  the  Inn  doea  not  ftt^* 
tUl  »o  mm,  after  loo'dock,  and  riles  a^in|omin.aftet 
wo  dock.    Thcwijtt|rd«y$a«propprtionaWr#<««fc 
rrotfiOfmsJ    Amonr  the  vegetahHes  «f  th^  imiA* 
•oantry,  are  forrel  of  varioe«>  forts,  angelica,  Irtldtanan 
feuryy  grafs  in  great  qnjpittties,  wild  rofenwryj  dandcBT' 
ons  m  plenty,  and  rarioos  forfl^crf  grAfe.       Whu^^ 
berries  and  cramberrics  grow  here,      Enrc^eans  i»^' 
toWTi  barley  and  oats,  which  grow  as^bigh  and  asth#i% 
as  in  warmer  cliniates,.  but  ^eWom  advance  lb  far  i^ll, 
•«r,  and  never  even  in  the  wamaett  pM<:es,  grtm  tonU-' 
tmay  becaofe  the  frofty  n%hts  begin  too  loon. 

Animais.']  Unfiruitftti  as  this  country  is  kaiorda 
foo. '  for  fome,  thon^h  but  few  kinds  of  bcafts,  wfai%; 
inrnilh  the  natives  with  food  and  raiment-  Of  the  wild- 
garae,are  whitt  hares,  rein  deer,  foxes,  and  wijite  bears. 
Who  are  fierce  and  mifchievous,  feali,  &c.  The  Greea^ 
lenders  have  no  tame  animals.  h«t  afpecics  of  dor&. 
Wfelch  reiemble  wolves.  r        /    |^-  ^' 

.  HeiigionC]     The  Greenkndetv  believe  in  ^e  ddftrinA 

«^^«,  (|Bite  diiFerent  from  tte  M^^  that  ft  m^m. 
flOrp6reai  nonriftunent;  th?it  it  furvives  the  bo^lw  and 
Kves  in  a  fature  and  belter  ftate,  which  they  beli^  witti 
Mvel  end.     But  diey  have  vciy  different  ideas  of  thii* 
tea.     Many  place  th^w Eijftuta^  orhcav  %.  is  the  abyl;.. 

JS.3.. 


5^ 


^•mmmmim 


•a^o^mght  M^ ,«  the  limpid  Uttum^^mu^ 
^^^:^lJ^'^\^^c$,  rc^n-deePi  and  their  beloi^sd  Ct^h  v 
S^iSlf^  *"*^  ^ cai^ht  without  l«K  But to^hefe 
OeligMil  ftats  nonenma  appoachhutthofc  who  have 
Jppcp  deatterow  and  diligent-  at  their  work,  (for  this  i# 
t^y  j^Aiidi^il  of  Tirtae)  thathai^  performed  «ea* 

e^^  aMhan  mkfti^aiany  whal<Hj  andfeal*,  W 
undei;go»e  |treat  hardftips,  h«re  been  drowjied In  the 
^,<>rd,ed  mchiWbed.  The  diiemboditd  foiritdo« 
not  enter  dancmgmto^the.Eiyfian  fields,  hut muft  fpend 
^J  U  days»fome  fay  longer,  in  Aiding'  dawn  a  rng- 
^f>^}^r^}^<^^i^theTthrhcfmc^rcd  with  blood  a,& 
S;.l  ^^*  unfortunate  fouls  which  are  obliged  t^ 
pe^orm  ihts  rough  journey  in  thecold  winterfor  in 
boifterous  weather,  are  peculiar  objefttpf  their  p  ty.  be- 
2«^gfermay  be  eaftly  deftroyed  on  Sie  roiirwhicL 
*^^^ion  they  call  die  fecoffd  death,'and  deS  bH  as 
j^perfc^extinaion^d  thirtaaemi,  the  mofl  dr^ 

JS  ^'/f ''^'^'^?"  ?'°"'T^  *^ft«^  from  certain 
^^^T  f?"^^  work,  (ercept  the  neceflkry 
f^^l  ^^  ^«  foo'  may  not  be  difturbed^r  perifti  in 

Ore^lartders,  ftupid  as  they  havcbcen  reprcfented,  have 
anj^hat  the|ood^will  be  rewarded  and  tZbH 
fS^*r'\'*  «^*  t^^  coaeeive  ahorrour   at    the^ 
t^OTghts  of  the  entire  annihilation  of  the  ioul. 

^cr»  have  their  paradife  among  the  celeftial  bodiei. 
and  they  imagipe  their  flight  thitiifr  fo  eafy  andVatfd    ^ 
thar^e&ul  refts  the  very  fame  evening  i„kS^' 
er  the  mcon,  and  there  it  can  dance  and  play  at  baH 

^^i:^£  ^«^-J«^f^^th.y  think  fcS 

^i.    '    !•'"'.'  r-^y^*^   •'•    »•«=»*£•  around  a  vait  fsile  - 
^l^jmchng^  w.lh  fift  and  fowl.     Wh.n  this  laWo^ 
flowi,tt  rams  on  #e  earth ,  fe«t  fhould  the  dam  one*  ^ 
ta^tk,  there  woidd,m  their  <5pinion,  be  a  general  ddtagc. 

•  ■m^atnet^fifce.O^i  Spirit,  au^erifig  to  ihe  bca|lw»  J^^  J 


The  Gre€hlji«4cM  who«onfider  the  ibultr^  ibtritustl 
immatei^itl  cffence,  laugh  tt  all  this,  atndfsy,  if  t}ier<^ 
fltouid  be  ftich  a  «iatcrisii>  luxuriant  ptradife,  where 
fonls  could  entettailatherafelVes  with  hunting  ftill  it 
can  etiilUre  only  for  a  time.  AfterwsUds  the  fouls  will 
certainly  be  conveyed  to  the  peaceful  manfiofts.  But 
they  know  not  what  their  food  or  eitiploymeat  w.  1  be. 
On  the  odier  h«fid  they  place  their  hell  in  the  fubteri-a- 
n»ous  regions,  which  are  devoid  of  light  and  heat,  and 
filled  with  perpetual  terrour  and  anxiety.M'his  laft  fort 
of  people  lead  a  it.gular  life  and  refraMPfrom  every 
thing  they  think  is  evil.  .  ■     W  ..         --^ 

Mt^erjh  J    W eft-Greenland  was  firft  peopled  by  Eu- 
ropeans in  the  eighth  century.  At  that  time  a  compsfeiy 
of  Icelanders,  headed  by  one  Ericke  Rahde,  wercby  ac 
cident  diiven  on  the  coaft.     Oft  his  return  he  reprefent- 
edthe  country  in  fuch  a  favoural)le  light  that  fomc 
families  a|;ain  followed  him  thither,  where  they  foon  be- 
cai. :  ^  thriving  colony,  and  beftowed  on  their  pew  hab- 
itation the  namf  of  GroenbmdoT  Green/and,  on  ACcom^  of 
its  yerdant  appearance.    This  colony  was  ctnverted  to 
Chriftianity  by  a  miffionary  from  Norway^  fent  thither 
by  the  celebrated  Olaf;  the  firft   Norwegian  monarch 
who  embraced  the  true  religion.     The  Greenland  fet- 
tlenient  contmuedtp  increafc  and  thrive  uttderfep«s- 
teaion  ;  and  in  a  little  time  the  country  was  provijed 
witjimany  towi^s,  churches,  convents,  biihops,  $(,ii 
der  the  jurifdtdion  of  the  archbifhop  of  Dronthefm.*  IK 
confiderable  commerce  was  carried  on  Ijetween  Green* 
land  and  Norway ;  and  a  regular  intercourfe  maintain- 
ed between  the  two  countries  till  the  year  1406,  when 
the  laft  biftiop  was  ient  over.     From  that  time  all  cor- 
refpondencc  was  cut  off,  and  all  knowledge  of  Green- 
land has  been  buried  ia  oblivion. 


i':*.'^. 


.iv 


i3Ki  i  iori  AMEKICA. 

Situation  AND  ExTisii, 


UtoER  die  general  name  of  Britifa  America,  wc 
^       comprehend  the  vaft  and  Unknown  exttiu  of  coub- 
J?*  ^•'^^  fe^^LJ^r  t!» J^Wd  States  of^Vacrica, 


(** 


mi  tin  Atiiliti^aeetKi  «tft  hf  ^^mt  •c«M|«i4ii 
X)ftvi^icnaci»  MMb  divtOe  il  firom  GrtenbiBd  )  nt- 
UmKfig  nortii  l»dif  iiir||«mUni|i  eitht  Hudfon's  1^ 
^'         i  indviptllwftrd  «d  ii»  >  nnlrawwii  extent  j  ly«g 
^4a<^W  Midfo^nonh  MtmdeiMMl  iMt«of», 

|t«|*  W.  Jon.  fir4Mn  Grcemridi. 

Ilpi  XtftUk  Amccica  is  divided  iat»  foiiiP' 
_  _,  -  _^J|#i.  i.  Vfpw  CMiftdft  t  «'  i»wer  Oand«*  J»- 
n^eiiibv  ii|iil|i  li»w*Britaiil,  mr  tiiecoiHitry  lying 
roiind  Hiii4«!«^  i«7>  mdtH  Vhmi  of  Cm  Brecon ;  5, 
llrtor^ftmnfwick  t  .4.  Kov»  Sfoiiii,  m  w]itda  is  anii«ii«4 , 
St.  John's.  Befides  tliefe,  thqre  is  tIteliWndoflW-- 
Am^Wiad>  «4ieh  b  j^srned  bf  tbe  Admital  % 4io.: 
ti«M  Ibcingt  and  twoitei}teoaiki^g9TstnMES»; 


_v  NEW-BRITAIHJ 

THE  eovtttry  lyteg  round  Hodfon's  Bay*  or  tli^ 
««ifitnr.  of  the  BS|t»biaii|;,   coBiprehen<fin^  Laln'a- 
doF  and  KewNonli  and  SouthWaIes»h,a»  obtained  thr^ 
g«B«r)fl  nameof  Nxw^BaiTAiir,  and  is  ahtf^ed  to  the 
governnient  of ,  Lower  Canada.;  A  faperlntendant  of  f 
trade, 'appointed  hj  the  govt^oiir  general  c^  the  fooi;^ 
Britiflt  provinces,  and  relponfibSe  to  hito,  refides  at  La^ 
^Itador. 

'    JliMfr/.]   The  principal  rivers  which  water  this  coan^ 
trr,  are  the  Wager,  Motkk,  Seal,  Fockerekefko,  Churcb- 
jy»Kel^n,  Hayes^  New-Severn,  Albany,  Paiquitaaan<X 
M ooAet  riters,  all  whieh  empty  into  HudTon's  andjames*^ 
B^ ^THm  the  weft.     The  months  of  all  the  rivers  art. 
filled  with  &oals«  except  CharehiilV,  iii  which  the  lar*> 
eft  ^ps  may  Ue  ;  hut  ten  miles  higher  the  channel  is 
0)>ftrn^«d  hy  frtnd  hanks.     All  tht  fivers,  as  far  as  the]r  - 
have  heea  explored  are  faU  of  rapids  and  catara^^. 
Irom  10  to  6^  feci  perpendicular.     Down  the fe  riverl^  / 
the  Indians  traders  find  a  quickpi|^g«  1  h«|iieirrf- 
torn  isalahQisrof  many  nionths.  ^ 

faee*/tSeC*tmtrf^^,(Ste,^  As  ^rn^dasjdte 
Hndfon  B^  i^l^yiy,  have  fettleDlcnts  which  is  ^ 
rinlittQ^^  ^R^^  &rt  Chufchiil,  at  a  phtci  ^«#elt 
Ibkilxm  1101^  hi.  50^  long*  14$^  tf  Vtr,^oiili|pl* 
don,  is  iart< 


V|P" 


NEW.BRITAIN. 


Sf 


I 


The  eaftorn  comft  of  the  bay  is  barren,  pad  the  efibrts 
•f  cultivation.  The'&rface  is  e?eff  i^i^m^kfnn,  tmd 
covered  with  ma^Tetof  ftone  of  ftnj|JHg  fise.  It  it 
a  countrf  of  fruitlefs  rallks'mdmf^tm  maantsttoh 
fome  of  an  aftoniftiiag  height.  The  vi^ief  arg  f^  of 
lakes,  formed  not  from  fyrhtp,  bat  rain  andllKWly  ifo 
ehilljasto  be  prodoaire  of  a  few  fmiiil^j^  onty. 
The  mountains  have  here  and  there  %-U^m^kai^^m 
a  littU  niofs.  The  vallies  art  full  <|^»^bbiji^«d 
treeS)  pines,  fir,  biK«h  and  rrdirii,  'tUT TSw3:Siti^l  of 
jurHper.  In  lat.  6o*»  on  this  coaft,  vegeSi^^Nt&s^ 
The  whole  lliore,  like  that  on  the  iwcft,  ift|iM;ed  wi^ 
iflands  at  fome  dtf|ance  from  land. 

Inkabitantti  Ciiftomst  e^<r.}  The  inhabitants  aaiMS 
the  mountains,  ar^  Indians ;  along  thf  eoa^%Ei^«^ 
maux.  The  dogs  of  the  former  are  v^ryfmalt;  of  the 
latter  la^,  and  lieaded  1^  a  fox,  aad  trained  for  th« 
fltdge.-  ''"'"''^  •■■  ■  \'   -■:" 

The  lai^dable  zeal  of  the  Moravian  clergy  induced 
them,  in  the  year  ^75 2,  to  fend  miflionaries  fromGreen- 
land  to  this  country,  Some  of  ^em  were  killed,  and 
others  driven  away.  In  1 764,  under  th^  protedlion  6f 
the  Britifh  Government,  another  attempt  was,  madfe. 
The  miflionaries  wdr^  ^elf  received  by  the  Efquimaux^, 
and  the  mifllon  goes  on  with  fuccefs.       ^ 

Climate.']  Ex;cefllvcly  cold,     The  fnows  begin  to  fall 
in^Otftoher.     Hie  fun    rifcs,  iri   the  (hottcft  day,  fiv< 
minutes^paft  nine,   and  fets   five  minutes  before  tht«i^ 
In  the  longeft  day  the  fufi  rjfes  af  three,  and  fetsf iS^**!^ 
nine.    .Xhe  ice   begins  to  difappear  in  May,  and^hiit 
wcath^  commences  about  the  middle  of 'jin%  ^#^^ 
at;tinars  is  very  violent^  '^^ 

Mmah,}  "Hie  animals"  of  thcfe  countries  are,  the* 
moofe,  deer>  ftags,  reindeer,  bears,  tigers,  buffaloet, 
w^yes„foxes,  beavers,  otters,  lynxes,  martins,  fqiiirr^j, 
ef#ines,  wild-cats,  and  hares.  Hie  rein-deer  paftiii 
^^M^fds  towards  the  north,  in  Oaobcy,  feeking  «h« 
'^mit  cold.'     The  feathered  kinds  are  geefs,  buftardsf 

i=t^:Si  5-m-wi5.  aij^    all  nmiTfi^^  of  wild  iowls       Of  Sl% 


morfcs,  feals,  qod-fifb,  and  a  white  fifli, 

etrings:  pnd  in  their  riv^r«  and  frcj^ 

irch,  t#p,     -jj  irotit.        ■^' 


':^^ 


I 

}  wiu  «  clD^  fdtt  w,»nQ  fur.    In  iUiMRcr  thtt*  is  h«r(^ 

jnun^k}  wlien  tfistt  feafon  if  over,  wliich  holdm  ^^ 
hrtbH,  mouthy  they  .11  affitme  dJuvTry^tuit^^^^ 
«ul  cverjr  fort  of  b«fti.  and  «.oftof  d.eir  fj^^^^ 
^c  €(Mour  of  th«  fnow ,  every  th'mgmmm  »4  iW 

.    IS^^n  ..'?0'*/?n«^««.  and  wh»  mi  iMufd  one  ©f 

fMncc  «,  that  the  ^,  and  cat.  from^itain,  that  have 
been  earned  into    ifudfon^.  Bay.  on  «iie   approach^ 

a J^^?*^    ''^'   biowledge  of  thefe  northern  fea. 

^  iTl^'*  ftequent  y  dropped. ^d  poflenW. 
I9ired»l»t  nrrer  y^  completed.  *     •'^ 

rfSS^^s  **«^^ty«f  'T7«.  4ifeo«crf d  the  main. 
Jf  S^^T'T'  ^  ^^  ^^  l-abr«dor,  and  tliofe  Jlrait* 

ffr^5r.^''r°?H*'^  "•^'^^  tbIt/ndX  mott 
w>rti»em  <:oaft,,  but  he  feern*  never  lohaye  entered  tl^e 

.^  the  firft.n  1,607, tfee  fecond  in  i6pB,  nd  the  third 

1^  the  fl«j»,t«  that  lead  .mo  tfe:.  bay  lokom  by  his 
M«^,coaaed«  great  part  of  it,and  penetrated  to  cnrhty 
g^ree$aM^a  half  inta  the  hem  of  the  frozen  Sne. 

W^rM  ^  ftrnggl^d^witi  ,n  tfii.  entire  ofwiiur. 
S£«^1&..     ^^  »«<*^«^w,  lie  flj^ed  there  w^  die 

fttpwfue  hw  difcovenes  ;  but  his  crew^  vi^  faibfd 

wl»  were  moft  fiiithral  to  him,  «fd  comi 

the  fury  of  di«  icy  leas  hn  ki  op^  feo^,     x^^Kaotr  ms 

«l  coiBpaiii(»i8  v«it  «iA«f  iwmtmd  ^m  M'^^^' 


fi^e.  J  But  the  Aii>»id  the  reft  of  (be  men  reciirac« 
*  iQia,  i€67, 1746  ind  1761,  but  withdtrfliccefi. 


UPPER    AND  LOWER  CANADA. 

THE  Pro,1nM«ef  Upper  aad  Xower  Qiawk.  ««ifc. 
*rtuttdby  Aft  of  Pariiament    in  i79r,^SSaS 


Miles. 


tiTUATfON  AND  MTINT. 


S.^L^^^®«^^-B«»rfwi^  the  Diftria  of  Maine 
N^HainpflWrc.Vermcmt,  New-York  »«d  the  i^^ 

caJled  the  Upper  Cotrntry.     It  He»  north  of  the  ei e« 
qfrV  ***^  *  feparajed  from  Ncw-York  by  the  riw 
SmJ;?o'^::SEri::'  ea^ledthe  Catara^u^aMTtheLake. 
Lower  Canada  he»  eta  bod#*fe»U..rirwSt.Lair 

Brun^,ck,   Maine.^Kew-Hampfliire.    Vermoni^    and 

ffCliTlL^^/^''^^^'-  -L^^^^^e  is  oae  of  the  brgeft 
!^  ^  No«h.Amer,ca.     It  iflbes  from  dLake  OntSfi 

J^iH^^rate   Upper  Canada  from  the  U«it^«iL 
^Mt^^ouriV  northead  ;  wades  the  ifland^lg^ 

vi«wpw^.thcweff,  and  forms  mmyfm^mi^ 


fiiaie  cfejMfe,  it  mectt  |he  |i4e 


om  tfcc  fea,  a»d  is  fs  fer 


upwardf 
Bji^&bie  iir 


*  \. 


€•       UPPER  AND  LOW^R  CANADA. 


/ 


b- 


large  veiTds.  Having  rf«tiv*id  in  its  courfe,  befuIet^Ql* 
tawas,  St.  John's,  Sejpitina,  De%airies,  troit  Rivierti, 
and  innumerable  other  fmatl  dreams,  it  falls  i|ito  tht 
ocean  at  Ca^e  Rofieres,  jby  a  inouth  90  or  100  miles 
broad.  In  its  ^uiie  it  forms  »  great  variety  of  bayi, 
harbours  and  iflands,  many  of  them  fruitful  and  ci- 
treme]yple:ifant.  -  *  '     .      . 

CHmafe,']  Winter  continues  with  fuch  fevcrity  from 
December  to  April,  as  thatthe  largcft  rivers  are  frozea 
over,  and  the  fnow  lies  commonly  iirom  four  to  i^jt  feel 
deep  during  the  winter.  But  the  air  is  fo  fereneand 
clear,  and  the  inhabitants  fo  well  dcfendf  d  againft  th« 
cold,  that  the  fcafon  is  neither  .unhealthy  uor  unpleaf- 
ant.  The  fpring  opens  fuddenly,  and  vegets^ion  ,w 
furprizingly  rapid.  The  furomcr  is  d«lighif»l,  except 
that  a  part  of  it  is  cxtremeljfafctir'*""*^    "  ^*4 ,     .  . 

Stifr^ufd  Produce^  ThoU|h  the  climate  be  cold,  and 
the  wiotier  long  and  tedious,  the  foil  is  in  general  very 
good;  and -in  mdny  parts  both  pleaiant  and  fertilfi  pro- 
ducing wheat,  barley,  rye,  with  many  other  forts  of 
grain,  fruits  and  vegetables ;  tobacco  in  particular 
thrives  well,  and  is  much  cultivated.  fhe  ifle  of  Or- 
leans near  Qucbeck,  and  the  laridMtfontlie  river  St.* 
JLawrenre  and  other  .rivers*  are^;!pw»«rfa*lje,for  the  rich- 
nefs  of  the  foil.  The  meadSw  crounds  li|  Canada, 
which  arc  wen  M^atired,  yjpd  excellent  grais,*and  feed 
great  numbers  of  great  an(  fmuU  cattle. 

Animals*']    See    this  article  unJder .  the  hea4  <rf  th<B 

^United  StSatcs.- ■       ,  7v  r."  t  '-^ ;;^-- :•";;■-■. -;;r'  ^ 

Principal  To*wns.']  Quebcck  is  die  capital,  not  only 
of  i.ower  Canada,  but  of  all  Britifli  America,  andis/ii» 
viated  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  St.  Lawrence  and 
St.  Charles  or  the  Little  River,  about  320  miles  from 
tl^e  ftn.  It  is  built  on  a  rock  which  is  partly  of  marble 
,and  partly  of  date.  The  town  is  divided  into  upper  uid 
ifnuir.  The  houfes  in  both,  Hre  of  ftone,  and  built  in  a 
tolerable  manner.  It  JContained»  i|i  1^7  84,  ^72  inhab- 
itants. '  "  -;:;  '"■.*,"■ '■  ;.       ^ 

From  Oueheckto  Montreal,  which  is  about  iiomMm 
in  foiling  itp  the  riv<^  St.  Lawren€e,khe  eye  i|fi^|(#*' 
taincdwith  bcA^ifi|l  -Iandl€ape6,,^e   banl'^  ^fi^  in 
many  places  yery  bold  aad  fteep,  and  fhad.d  W%  l^f^ 
trees.    The  t\vm%  lip  pr^t^  filpfe  all  the  if  ay^^^ig|l 


^ 


; 


UFMR  AND  LOWER  CAMABA.         (, 

.  lOT'lfaen'jhoufM  neatly  buatflioi|»,«jMBifdTM«   f». 

fcT:  .     1  a"*^*"  »K«*»bl«  «ff«a  apoB  the  ere. 
Montreal  llandi  on  an  iflaad  in  theriMT  a,     V 

renc^which  !...„  Wue.  io  UngtS.  .^Tfi:,  S'bre^T 

at  the  foot  of  a  111,  liata  n  which  aiTe.  nam.  »o  i,^  ' 

ha  fa  league  fron  the  f««th  fto^;"^^^f^" 

.Wong  fquare.  d.Wded  by  „g„U,  »,aZ%'Zka 

The  principal  town>       Otf  r  Canada  are  ».„»«■ 

liamcntof  Grcat-Britttn  m  the  vei.r  ,i«.   -I  •'^       ^^' 
Jhat  there  aall  be  with?n  ea^h  ^Z  '/,'o'vi  '.r  Tftf 

^ff'^t  ^l"  ^"^d*.  «  Les!fl»«i»eCo7ncfl    and^ 
Aflembly,  who,  with  the  eonfent  of  the  Governor    . 

'"ThlV^fl'*-  '^'"«'  "?"  ""^^  power  tr^'k?^;.*?- 
The  legidative  council  is  to  confift  of  noTfel^  /.,     ' 
/.yen  member,  for  Upper,  and  fifteen  for  wTc^nt! 

.he,r  fea.,f„/,if:.3.  fo^Ued'l'teaJ:  L""" 

Lower  Canada,  chof«i  bV  U.e  <reSfc,  iT*.  ?£"^ 

town,  and  Jiftrifli.    Tli  coundl^ Tn?  m  ''^"*' 

becWled  together  it  leaft  one.  ?n  «i^  yet^t/^"'  * 

^mWjr  ,o^continu.four  rearrifc^rV^^ 

— ^-f--«  »#7  wm;  viovcrnour.  *  -.— . 

goiarnour-Ocneral'^of  the  fouF  BritS  SSiSf  ^ 


^t  ISLAND  OF  CAPE-BRETOK. 

cr  in  chief  of  all  the  Britiflv  troopf  In  tbe  fo^r  Fc0r?flm 
a.!id  the  governments  atuchcd  to  them  and  Newfound* 
U7id.  Each  of  the  Ihovinoes  ha«  a  Lieutenant-Gofern* 
©tir,  \vht9,  in  the  abfencc  cf  the  Governour.g«iieral,.hM. 
all  the  powers  requifitc  to  a  Chief  Mftgiftrate. 

Populathn.']  Upper  Canada,  though  an  infant  fe«« 
tlcment,  was  f*ld,  in  1798,  by  fome,  to  contaia  40,0001- 
by  others,  only  to,oco  inhabitants.  The  truth  probablf 
was  between  th«ni.  Lower  Canada,  in  1 784,  containeA 
115,012  fouls.  Both  proviBCCfr  now  contain  probably 
about  200,000  fouls,  which  number  is  muUiplying» 
both  by  natural  increafc  and  by  emigration. 

Rtrgton.^  As  many  at  about  nine  tenths  of  toe  m* 
habitants  of  th«fe  Provinces  are  Roman  Catholicks,  wh» 
erjoy,  under  the  prefent  government,  *e  fame  proviU 
itn*  lights  and  privileges  i(s  wercgtanud  them  in  1774* 
by  the  aft  of  the  14th  of  George  III.  The  reft  of  tht 
people  are  Epifcopalians,  Prelbyterians,  and  a  few  of 
almoft  ail  the  different  fcfts  of  Chriftians, 

Tr^ifc.]    the  amount  of  the  exports  frdm  the  Prov- 

i«c«  of  Quebeck,in  the  yeaa- 1786, was /343,a$a :  i9s|« 

•fhe  amount  of  imports  in  ihe  fame  year  vras  j£^3»S»i  >j5* 

'ifeexports  eonfifted  of  wheat,  flour,J)ifcuit,  flaxfeec^ 

lumber  of  various  kinds*  fifli,  potalh,  oU,  ginfeng^  apd 

•thcr  meditinal  roots,  but  prindB*llyoCfur&  and  pelmet 

lothe  amount  of  ;C«85.977-    'Wi*  import*  eonfifted  of 

mm.  brandy,   moUffes,  coffee,  fagar,  wmes,  tobacco, 

Hit,  chocolate,  provifions  for  the  troops,  and  dry  goods. 

Hifiors  1      Thir  couutry  was  difcovered  by  the  ii-ng- 

IHh  as  early  as  about   1497,  and  fettled  by  the  French 

1  1608,  who  k^pt  poffeffion  of  ittill  1760.  when  It  wat 

tak-n  by  the  Britifti  arras,  and,  at  the  treaty  of JParis^  m 

i^$»  was  ceded  by  France  to  the  cnwa  of  En^^aad, 

t^.jijnitt^  ever  fince  belonged. 


THl  ISLAND  OF  CAPE-BRETON, 

[AniVffg^  to  Inc.  i:*0»lBCC  Ml  i^v^~~  --  =  -^  -~j 


THE  iflM^*^' ««^[: 

^  f (liti|^«»io^  as.  that^  they 


colleftion  i>f  iflands,  whtcb  lie 
commonly  tailed  but 


iftttoot  as.  that  tney  are  boh»«"»»/  ^'V'^ZjCZ 


mS^ 


ISLAND  dr  CAPE-BRETON. 


m 


•f  Cape-l^eton<  lies  between  kt.  45**  28'  and  47*  4'  N. 
«nd  between  $g*^  44'  and  61°  29'  W.  lonjj^  from  Lon- 
don, and  aboat  45  leagues  to  the  eadward  of  Halifax. 
It  is  109  miles  in  length  and  from  20  to  84  in  breadth  ; 
and  is  feparated  from  Nora^Scotta  by  a  narrow  ftrait 
failed* the  Gm/  o^^dfi/^,  .which  is  the  communication 
between  the  Atlaotick  Ocean  and  the  Gulf  of  Sc, 
Lawrence. 

Fiue  of  the  Cwntryy  ClimaUi  ^it  and  Prodj^hns,  ]  Ex- 
cept in  the  hilly  parts,  the  furface  of  the  country,  foml 
h.y  has  but  Uttlefolidity,  being  every  where  covered  with 
a  light  mofs  and  with  "water.  Other  and  more  authen- 
tick  accounts  fay  that  there  iia  great  -^oportion  of  ara- 
ble land  on  this  iiland.  The  climate  is  very  cold,  owing 
tither  to  the  prodigious  quantity  of  likes  that  cover 
Above  half  the  ifland,  and  remain  frozen  a  lotig  time  ; 
«  •r  to  ^e  number  of  forefts  that  totally  intercept  the  rsyi 
df  the  fati,Jife..effiA-ef-^rbich-trenaMli^^  bf 

lS»et!!araoHds.  . ,,,,,..„..,.«-««=r?!=r'--::.^.  x-^;^ 

^'^h^iaHim,  chiifr4wi,,^^c,i  tHrtBin!isra''tS^ 

treabpdt  4,000  inhabitftsititi  who  have  a  lieottnattt^goir- 
i^OBT'itudeilt  araoAg^tUem,  appomted  by,  the  Ktii|r. 
The  principal  towns  are  Sidney,  the  capital,  aii^LoiS- 
bvrg,  which  was  the  beft  barbotir  in  the  ifland« 

Thisifliind  m*y  be  coiffidertd  sis  the  key  to  Cina^i 
4ad  the  very  vafcable  fi(hery  in  t^is  neighbourhood  dft> 
pends  forits  prote^ion  on  die  pofle^on  of  this  iflatid  \ 
ias  no  nation  can  carry  it  on  without  Tome  convenient 
Harbour  of  (Iren^th  Xs^  Aipply  and  prote^  i(  }  and  AA-^ 
that  IS  the  principal  one  for  Uiefe  pnrpofes. 

Hlftary.']  Though  fome  fifliermefi  had  long  reforted 
to  this  ifland  every  iummer,  riot  more  than  30  or  30  had 
ever  fixed  there.  The  French,  who  took  poffeilton  of 
itin  Auguft,  1713,  were  properly  the  firft  inhabitants^ 
They  changed  its  name  into  that  of  ^^  itgrtfAr^nnd  w 
ed  upon  i^ort  Dauphin  for  their  principal  fcl^ 
ment. 

This  iflatid  remained  in  poiTcfiSon  of  the  Frenek  tiB 
7/4j>  «*>*«"*£  W3»  capEUfeu  lor  ioe  ctowq  \ji  «jri«air» 
Britain,  by  a  body  of  troops  from  New-^ngland^  luw 
4et  the  command  of  Lieuteosnt  General  Wifiam  Pep- 
petelt"  Fur  the  authentick  particulan  of  thia  impori- 
«ai:»  bold  and  taeceftfol  <np«ipt»  i«e  dw  Hiiei^ 


11 


..'^'■ 


«4  KOVA.SCOTIA. 

cal  Colleaioni,  Vol.  I.  publiflied  by  the  MafTachiHfeitt 
Hiaorical  Society  in  Bofton.  Alfo,  Encyclopedia  Bii- 
isuuiica,  acticle  Brtioh, 


NOVA-SCOTIA. 

{•omprclMndios  the  Provincea  of  NEw-^iviMi|rMra  and  Nota- 

Scotia.] 


BoultDAKIBS  AND  ExriNV. 

Xength  i\^l   ^  ^  _  143^  30'  and  4««  4'  N.  lat 
Breadth  354I  o«ween  j^^o  and  67°  E,  Ion.  fromXom. 

Boundar'm.y  BOUNDED  on  the  north,  bf  Lo\ve» 
Canad^froin-which  it  is  ftparated  in  part:  by  thf 
Bay  of  IChaleurs  :  eaft,  by  the  Gulf  of  {>t.  Ljiwrpnce,^  j 
which  wafhes  iu  coall  1 1©  leagues  in  extent,  1 
from  the  Out  of  Canfo,  at  its  entrance  into  thf 
Gulf  of  Cape  Rozter,  which  forms  thefouth  part  of  thi 
ri^r  St.  Lawrence^  and  by  the  Gut  of  Canfo,  which  4i- 
▼ides  it  from  Gape  Breton  ^outh,it  in  wafiied  by  tht 
Atlantick  Oc&aD/haying  a  iea  coaft  of  9c;  lea;gues,  from 
Cape  Canfo  eaftj  toCape  Sables  weft,  v^hixh  forms ont 
|>ar  t  of  ^e  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  Eundy,  which  alfii 
forms  a  part  of  its  fouthern  boundshry  # w^ft»  hy  a  part 
«>f  Lower  Canada,  and  the  Diftrift  of  Maine^  , 

The  trail  of  ceuntrjft  within  thefe  limits,  kn0[\v  1  by  tht 
fame  of  Nova-Scotia^  or  New-Scotknd^  was,  in  1784, 
divided  into  two  provinces,  viz.  New-BrunfwSck  on  the 
aorthweft  and  Nova-Scotia  on  the  fouthea-IJ. !  The  foF* 
»icr  comprehends  that  part  of  the  old  province  of  No» 
va-Scotia  which  lies  to  the  northward  and  wed  ward,  of 
aline  drawn  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  St,  Croix, 
tl"irough  the  centre  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  to  Bay  Vertc, 
and  thence  into^-the,  Gulf  of  St*  Lawrence,  including  all 
lands  within  6  leagues  6f  the  coaft.  The  reft  is  the 
l^ovincc  ofNbva-Sdotia,towhichis  annexed  the  I(land 
^f  St.  John's,  wliichlies  north  of  it  in  the  Gijlfof  St. 
Lawrence^  ''..         ■•    ,,_,..";■;. 

JOh^ohr,'}  la  1703*  were  the  following  counties  tyi 
Kova-bco.ia,  vix.  Hants,  Haliiax,  Kings,  AnnapolU, 
Cembcrlaad,  Si||||ry,  (;^eins,  Luneftburg, 


fSLAMD  Of  St.  JOHM*!       ^     % 

yr<w/<r.]  The  exports  from  Great-Britain  to  this  coaa<t 
toy  confift  chiefly  of  linen  and  woollen  clotlis,  and  och^r 
articles  of  clothing,  of  filhing  tackle  and  rigging  for 
ihips.  The  amount  of  exports  at  an  average  of  thre« 
years,  before  the  new  fettlements,  was  about  £t6,$oOi 
The  only  articles  obtained  in  exchange  are  timber  and  ' 
the  produce  of  the  fiihery,  which,  at  a  like  average, 
amounted  to  ;^38,ooo.  The  whole  population  of  Nova-  ] 
Scotia  and  the  iflands  adjoining  has  been  ellimated  at 
50,000.  But  recent  accounts  of  thefe  fettlements  rep- 
refent  them  as  in  a  declining  tt'ite,  having  great  num- 
bers of  the  houfes,  built  in  the  new  towns,  uninhabited^ 
aud  confiderably  reduced  in  value. 

Hlftory.l  Notwithftatiding  the  forbidding  appsiranct 
of  this  country,  it  was  here  that  feme  of  the  firft  Euro* 
pean  fettlements  were  made.  The  firft  grant  of  landt 
in  it  was  given  by  James  1.  to  his  fecrctary  Sir  WilUara 
Alexander,  from  Whom  it  hid  the  nime  of  Nova-S:otia, 
or  New-Scotland,  Since  then'it  has  freouently  changed 
hands,  from  one  private  proprietor  to  a^  »-,  and  front 
the  French  to  the  Englifh  nation  bacWv<ardtind  for- 
ward. It  was  confirmed  to  the  Englifh  at  the  peace  o^ 
Utrecht.  Three  hundred  families  vyere  tranfported 
here  in  1749,  at  the  charge  of  the  government)  rh« 
iNiilt  and  fettled  the  town  of  Halifax. 


i^^ 


ISL  ANf»  OF  ST.  JOHN't    • 

THISifland  lies  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Liwrertce,  neaf 
<he  northern   coaft    of  the  Province  of  Mova-Ssoiia,  ^ 
and  is  about  100   miles  long,  and  frona  10  to  35  broadi.  * 
It  has  feveral  fine  rivers,  a  rich  foil,  and  is  pleafantly 
fituated.      Charlottetown   is  its.  principal  town,  and  it 
the  refidence   of  the  lieutenant  governour,  who  is  thef 
chief  oflS^c:er  on  the  ifland.     Tiie  nam'^sr  of  inhabitants 
13  about  5,000.      Upon  the  redudti(Ki  of  Cipz  Brj-etori  in 
1745,  the  inhabitants  of  this  ifland  amounting  to  about 
4,03a,  fubmitted  qiiietly  to  the  Britilh  arms.    While th«L; 
Fnsnch  poffdFsd  it|i  th:y  improved  it  tofo  ixiiich  adrant* 
•^w  ai  ^u«t  it  wa>  caiisd  tne  granary  or  vaiaia,  wiiichr, 
it  furninb^iJ   with   great  plenty  of  corn,  as  Will  as  beef 
«iid  pork.  It  is  attached  to  the  Fr»vta€e  of  N9?a$::(^ai 


I 


i-^jy 


'«^«  «*♦"•' 


u 


'mm 


.^^FOUNDLAND  ISLAnJ 


•r north  latitade,  and '  l^^^cZAj^  '^/  ^'°46' 
weft  ongitud.  ,  feparatid   W^L^^/"'*  K  4°' 
Britain,  by  the  Sttaits     of  R.^n       li"''  <»■  New. 
by  the  bay  of  St.  Law"en«  ,  bt"%r.''„1i°"",  '^'""' 
from  40'  to  287  miles  brnaH      Ti^  ^  i  " '" '°"«.  an* 
fubjea  to  fogs,  attended  *f.;,  ,?^°«  "*"'  "■•'  ""^'meir 
of fnow  .ndfl«t,  the  ftvb^/^ri.  ""'■'''"*  S"™* 
the  fnilof  this  ifl^^rtheBS,'^''^  "''"«''•     ^ron, 
for  .he  cold  is  long  co„U„a"dl'51v7rf "' "/r"'?'- 
mer  h:at,  though  violent,  wafm-  T    !  '  *"''."'«  '"""- 
dues  any  thing  valuaWe  s  for^h. V"?'  '"?"«*  '°  Po- 
parts of  the  i(fand  Zth»veZ^'Sf'  "  "»  «  'hofc    ' 
barren.    However,  it  s  wlte 'dThv  ?    "'','  "  "^^^  »=<» 
a.^ha.„any  larg^  and  e^orhl",^:;"^  «"'"'  '""^ 
law  it^and  was  ceded  m   P«~i     j\      . 

dry  Aeir  nets  on  the  northern  C,  rf  if  ifl  i'^"' «? 
by  the  treaty  oi  175a  thev  w*.r-  ,,       •      7         ** »  ^^<i 

Gulf  of  St:  law7eLt\?wirtS^^^^^^ 

the  coafts  belonginTtc  En^nd.      "  ^*^""  "^^^^^  ^''^ 

The  chief  towns  io  Newfowid^d  ar*  JH,       • 
Bonavffta, and  St  Johft'i ;  hmnatT^         f^jcentia, 
.  remain  here  m  winW       a  fmaH  ?n.  ^^  'o<£fa„,ilie, 
war^re  fent  out  e^ery  Ari,^  to  d1S'^^''S^^  «*"  ^^ 

M  GoTefnourof  the  ifland  j  befides  whlr^  ''^'°S^ 
licutefiant.|oyernours,  one  T^^^'^V'  '""^ 
atStJohn\  ^«»ti«,  and  the  other; 

The  other  iflands  of  notein  the  Gulf  nf  «^  r 
are  AnticoOi,  near  thrinontLof  St    T      ^''''*^"'^«^ 
l^e^WandsabroS^^^^^ 
Ill^i,  in  6l*   40'W.  onff  anrfk^W         ™**«gdaldiir 
lat.  inhabited  by  aLTrifem'n^'SU^;^^  ♦^^  •*' 

^TX^I  *?*  **  fieiccu   with  two    satiira]     *-"•""  -^-—«- 
jrhich  the  fea  flows.    Ofie  of  theft 
mgh  to  admit  a  Urge  ba«t 


.^\ 


\ 


UNITED  STATEa.  # 


THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA.* 


.  ^  •■■■ "  ■• 

.  SiTUATlOK    AND    ExTCNT. 

Mues. 


Length   1,250 
Breadth  1,940 


\  between  j  8-  E.  fie  24^  W.  Ion.  fr.  Phi. 

OUNDED  north  and  eaft»  by  Britifli 

America,  or  the  Provinces  of    Von^r 

«nd  Lower  Canada,  and  New-Brunfwick  j  foutheaft  bJ 

welt,  by  the  river  Miffifippi.  * 

T|ie  territory  of  the  United  States,  according  CO   Mr 
Hutchois  contains  a  miUion  of  fquare  milesf  i^wwi 

n^«Ar-  ^o»ooo,ooo  acres. 

Deduafr^irsWff       5i500o,ooo 

Acres  of  land  in  the  United  States  "Ti^.oocooo' 

world  ,s  fo  well  watered  with  fprings,  rivn^ts;  HvSS 
and  lakes,  a5  the  territory  or  the  Unitid  Su^  "^! 
means  of  thefe  various  Hreams  and  colleaions  of  w«S^ 

folas.  The  UnK«i  Stat«i,  and  indeed  a«  partt^f  K^th! 
America,  feern^^  to  ha^  be«i  fonae*  hy^tZfoTtl 
moft  intimate  ttiton.  '^•^wriae 

There  is  nothing  b  other  parts  ef  the  sloh^  trKl^ 
refembles  tht  prpdigi<ius  ehain  of  lakes  in^S't^ff 

€f  frefl,  water ,  and  even  thofc  of  the  f«cond  or  fhM 
tiaft  m  magnitude,  are  of  larger  circuit  than  the  wJateft 
r.k.m  tii^eaftern  conti„ent,^he  Cafpian  Seaexfr^^ 

k/*Jf ^f^?^******  ****"»  **»*«*y  anM««d  to  tJ^  l^icd  ii.«^ 


%^ 


♦i 


*' 


k^k^'' 


"V    .■  ; 


.^*;J 


^^*»*''---,ii  ,^^-*k>i>,../*v,  . 


'•^»<*^'-#fcf-*^'-'^'''  ,,^ 


It  -*s 


h  ...m- 


^  m'tlu"^  traycl^eaft  jrou  next  come  to  LongLah.itm 
»«leslong,and  abort  jRor  ao  wide. 

Thence  y«3upafs  through  feveral  frhall  fc;fv  ''  .to  f.l* 
^^^«r,  tbe  krgeft  lake  in  the  world,  b. ;n^  .oout  , ^Sc^ 
ft  es  m  circumference.  ITiere  are  two  ^arcrc  iflincs  in 
S  ai:1;';?±'^  which  hasland  e.ough.  ^fil.abi^'fb^ 
tillage,  to  form  a  confiderable  pro v  nee.      l^he  Indfan. 

h«v  J^'^'^u'^'  rV^    ^'^^^       ^'^^  •'"«  «ff«<^^  «as  much    a^ 

they  do  the  Atlanticic  Occ.n  .-  the  waves  run  as  hi  .^ 

and  the  navigation  is  as  dangerous.       T,  ^^^ 

waters  froiT.  th<  fbuth.eaft  corner,  tb'  nr^h   the  U^  i» 

^^^^M,n.  mo  Lah  Huron,    y^^,,    Lttm^ 

«urj..t^^<e  T-  Oake,at  ir«  northweft  corner,  com- 
««n,c^«.^.,b.i,^.^^^,«,  which  is  900^e^  1^ 
eircuuj, ..  f^  1^  the  ftraits  of  Mikkillimakkinak,  - 

rof;::fL^'r-''°"V^''^"y  ^"^'^  La]|  Hu. 
ferent  if  E^'«»  .'^^^  «  about  9S.1.V  les  in  circum- 
^^      It  cornmumcales  with  Lake  E,  ie  by  the  rivet . 

«,.f  fk'  ^'"*'  '.•  ",^^^y  300  miles  long  from  caft  to  weft 
^vILk-  K*  ^*^  a*^  greatly  infefted  with  fnakes,  ma! 
SI  2  m?  «"d»/«ommunicate3  with  Lake  Ontario,  by 
l^ableiaUs  which  are  reiXoned  one  of  thegr^eS 

«ipply  the  river   Niagara   rife  near  2,000  miles  to  th^ 
r^or|.-weft  ;^ and.  paffit^g  througk  thi  laLr  Supe^iou^   ^ 
■ttr'    *^«T^"^  Hrie,  re'ceiving  in  theif  cS 

F^ndeur  ntH^^  ''  ^""^^    ""'^'^  aftoaifliin^ 

fi.andeur,  ruOi  down  a  ftupendous    precipice  of  1 17  feS 

Kfttei^fV^"'  '"  .?  '^^^.^  '^' '^^  Siat  mitt 
Ibe^diftance  of  B  or  9  miles    below,  faU  n.ar  as  much. 

ln^l^^l9y<Jr  then  loiU  kWin  LakeC  ..  -b  ^ 

*Me«.  Wh..  neater  attkes  tha  i  .. .TLwJI 
•  great  ftc»giw  m  ^^je  atf,  occaftiM^Mr  .  ji^a^^  M 
^r>a««^  on  which  tbc  fiiD,  whenX  i  J^S^ 


N. 


■■X>'<. 


4 


•>•*.',-■  .^, 


T   ^ 


,*:.*, 


iW 


~4  . 


1WITEI>  STATES.  ^ 

Lah^m^m  h  of  an  o?ai  form,  about  6©o  railet  m 
•ircumference.  It  difcharges  its  waters  by  the  rircr 
Iro(iuo|8,   which,   at  Montreal  taker  the  name  of  St. 

ciZ'Tl  t"""  '  *°^  P^?'^^  ^^  Quebeck,  falls  into  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Laki  Cbamptain  forms  part  of 
the  boundary   between  New-York  and  Vermont,  and  (• 

fouth  o??  r  J^J*^*^"*.  14  broad.  Z«i.  G«ry.lie, 
fouth  of  Lake  Clwmplara,  and  i«  36  miles  longt  and 
|«>jn  J  1^  ^    Wide,    containing,    it   !•  fkid,  ^5  ift. 

A  ^J?^!;^P  .  "^^^  P";^cipal  r'urer  In  the  United  States,  is 
•he  mMfippt,  which  forms  theii  weftern  boundary.  It 
receives  the  waters  of  the  Ohio  and  Illinois,  and  their 
numerous  Drancbes,  from  the  eaft  j  and  the  Miflburi  and 
other  large  rivers,  from  the  weft,    Thefe  mighty  ftreams 

v^r  4^^'''"'/'''^"  f'^  increafing  majeft/ihrough 
yaft    fc^,   and    meadows,   into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

X^^^^^l^^^l'^^fi '°  ^'^  "''^"^  3.°°°  «>"«  Jong*  an^ 
«  navigable  10 the^faUsof  St.  Anthony,  in  lat.  44^  w, 

Thei^f^lsare  30  feet    p^pendic^Ur  heighL^  f£ 

Sk '■*^",a''^"'^ '*  "ff^  than  150  yards^widg,falU 
^e  above  diftan^,-  and  forms  a  moft  pleafiug  catarai: 

This  nverrefembk,  the  Nile.in  that  it  annually  om^ 
fi>wsand  leares  a  rich  iliri  e  on  its  banks  ,  and  in  St 
number  of  ,ts^  months,  -opening  into  a  fea  that  may  bt 
nompared  to  the  M<jditerraneanf       *  ^ 

The  ^Indians  {^y  that  three  of  the  largeft  rivers  la 
Korth^Amenca.  viz  St.  Lawrence,  Miffifippi,  and  Ore' 

a\"it'^omil«%T!:'T'''n^  ^  fourie'wi^ia 
tlT?Z^  A  ^^^J^^^^'^^^'-  if  this  be  afaa,  it  prove, 
that  the  -jnds  at  the  heads  of  thefe  rivers  are  the  h,Vh. 
tft  in  North^ America.  All  thefe  rivers  run  difFe  e^^  ^ 
courfes,  and  empty  into  different  oceans,  at  the  diS 
cfmore  than  ,.000  milts  from  t^eir  fources.     yTZ 

^r^n  f£\  '".'a'^^'"  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrenc, 
*af  I  to  the  bay  of  Annian,  weft,  where  the  river  Ore- 
gon  «,fuppofed  to  empty  ;  and  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
foud>  J    each  of  them   traverfes    upwards    of   2,00* 

l-hc  0^  is  a  moft  beautiful  river.  Its  «nti[e  tturreiit 
g  uobroke^  by  rocks  or  rapids,  except  in  fne  pl^e   'u 


»  ^uarttr  •fa  mile  at  Fort  Pitt,  whidi 


Is  i|i8$  mUss 


^  WntTED  STATES: 

from  Its  ttdttth.  At  Fort  Pitt,  the  Ohio  lojh  ittiianc 
aod  branchei  into  the  MonongMd  and  Mtgatiy  rtrert. 
The  Monongahelai,  \t  or  15  itiiksfrom  its  mouthy  ft» 
•eives  7oAff^«trj>  river. 

The  country  watered  by  the  Miffiftppl  and  its  eaft«ni 
branches,  conrntiites  five  eighths  of  the  United  States  ^ 
tvro  of  which  fitre  eighths  are  occupied  by  the  Ohio  and 
its  branches  %  the  refiduary  dreams  which  run  into  th« 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  the  Atlanftick,  arid  the  St.  Lawrence, 
water  the  remaituno;  three  eighths.  The  other  confider- 
able  rivers  in  the  United  States  n^ill  &e  nftotioned  in 
the  proper  places. 

Baysr^    The  coad  of  the  United  States  is  indented 

with  numerous  bays,  fome  of  which  are  e<|ual  in  Hze  to 

any  ii^  the  known  world.      Beginning  at  the  north-eaft* 

•rly  part  of  the  United   States,   and  proceedtogfoutll- 

wefterly,  you  firft  find  the  Bay  of  Fundr,  belwien  No- 

▼a-Scotia  and  New-England,  remarkame  for  its  tides, 

.irhich  rife  to   the  )|ieight  of  ^y  or  fixty  feet,  and  flow 

fo  rapidly  as  to  ov^uke  animaus  whi^fa  feed  upon  thf 

ftore. ,  Penobfcot,  Broadband  Gafco  Bays,  lie  along  the 

coail  of  the  Province  of  Maiiie.      Ma^achuietts   Ba^ 

l|ireads  eaft ward  of  Bofton,  and  is  comprehended  be» 

tween  Cape   Ann  on  the  northf,  and  Caps  Cod  on  th« 

ifouth.       Pafljng  by  Narraganfct  and  other  Bays  in  tht 

Rate  of  Rhode>Ii1and,  you  enter  LongiOand  Sound; 

between  Montauk  Point  and  the  main.       This  S^omtd  it 

a  kind  of  inland  fea  frona    three  tfc  twenty- five  miles 

kroi^d'i  and  (including  eati  river  which  may  bt  confides 

cd  as  a  part  of  the  found)  about  one  hundred  and  fsrty 

Wiiles  longs^extendiog  the  whole  length  of  the  ifland, 

and  dividing  it  from'Xonnefticut  and    part  of  New. 

York.       It  communicates  with  the  ocean  at  both  endc 

of  Iiong-liland,  and  affords  a  very  faib  and  convenient 

inland  navigation. 

The  celebrated  ftrait  called  ^^//  Gatty  is  near  the 
well  end  of  this  found,  about  eight  miles  eaftward  of 
New- York  city,  and  is  remarkable  for  is:;^  whirlpools, 

i^i^t,  Thefe  whirlpools  ait  occafioned  by  the  nairow- 
i|«fs  and  crookednefs  of  the  j^s,  and  a  bed  of  r^^ 
#bicb  ^Ytcnd  ^uite  acrois  H« 


CNITED  STATEi. 


U 


onvenient 


JEWaiiipre  Bay  it  60  milei  long,  from  the  c»pc  to  the 
intrance  df  the  riyer  Delaware  at  Bombay  Hook  )  aod 
fo  wide  in  fome  parts,  as  that  si  fliip  in  the  middle  of  it 
•annot  be  fecB  from  the  land.  It  opens  into  the  At^ 
luntick  nortk-wcft  and  {oAuh-ftfti  between  Ca|)e  Hcnlo- 
p^  on  the  right*  and  Cape  Maj  on  the  left*  Theft 
Capes  are  eignteen  miles  apart* 

CbtjkfeMi  Bay  \ua  its  eotr^pe  between  Cape  Charlef 
And  Cspe  Henry  in  Vii^^a»  twelve  miles  wide,,  and 
Intends  Qpwarus  of  309  miles  to  the  northward^  Sev- 
eral: counties  in  Virginia  a|)d  Maryland  lie  eaft  of  thii 
biiy.  It  is  from  feven  to  eighteen  miles  broad,  and  gen- 
tr ally  as  much  as  nine  fathoms  deep,  affording  many 
f  oimnodiotts  harhomt^aod  a  f<tfe  and  eafy  navigation. 
It  receives  the  waters  of  the  Surquehaonah,  Potomaclc, 
Kappnhannok,  York,  and  James  rivers,  which  are  all 
lar};ea||d  navigable. 

Fa€i  rfihe  Cotmtry.']  Tfie  trvft  of  coun^  belonging  U 
the  United  States  is  happily  variegated  with  plains  and 
motintains,  hills  and  vallies.  Some  parts  are  rocky 
particularly  New-England,  theoortli  parts  of  New-York 
and  New-Jerfey,  and  a  broad  fpa^,  including  the  federal 
ridges  of  the  lon^  range  of  mountains  which  run  fouth^ 
weftward  through  Pennfylvania,  Virginia,  North-Caro* 
Kna^  and  part  of  Georgia,  dividing  the  waters  which 
low  into  the  Atlantic k  from  thofe  «(hich  fall  into  tti^;' 
Miffifippi.  In  the  parts  eaft  of  the  Allegany  moun* 
tains,,  in  the  fouthem  ft^es,  the  country,  for  feveral 
hundred  miles  i% length,  and  Axty  or  feventy,.  And 
fometiitnes  more,  in  breadth,  is  level  and  entirely  f>ee 
•efftone. 

MounktittiJ]  In  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  parlicit- 
Isrly  ot\  the  weft«m  continent,  it  is  obfervable,that  a* 
you  depart  from  the  ocean,  or  from  a  river,  the  land 
J^adoally  rifes  ;  »nd  the  height  of  land,  in  common# 
is  about  equally  dUlant  ffomthe  water  on  eithi^ 
fide. 

The  highlands  between  t^e  Provbce  of  MaiiK  and  the 
FtOvince  of  Quebeck,  divide  the  rivers  which  fall  int* 
tfie  St.  Ijawrence  north,  and  into  the  Atianrick  tvuch. 
^\it  Gre^n  Mountains  in  Vermont,  divide  the  waters 
wbM^  &m  eafterly  into  Conneaiciit  fiver,  from  thofe 


I 

(•<'•■* 


(,r,.-!', 


^jm>U.»»>0<^    'i  iHiiiri  m„i„^,. 


V 


X 


S'-  - 


M. 

■-- 


»» 


UNITED  STATES. 


urhicH  fall  wefterlj  into  Lake  Ch  mplainc  and  Hudfon't 

Bctwc  A  ^laatick,  thf  Miffifippi  and  the  Lakes, 

'""I  ^  '"^''f'nountain^,  made  upof  a  irreat 

qDni,)e.  ot  ridi^ei.  Thefc  mountains  extend  north^aft. 
•riy  r^ad  foiith.weaerljr.  nearljr  parallel  with  the  fea-coaft. 
•bout  nine  hundred  miles  in  length,  and  from  fixtr  t# 
•ne  handredand  fifty  and  two  hundred  miles  in  breadth. 
Numerous  trtfts  of  u.  ^,^^^,  an^i  grazing  land  inter- 
Tene  between  the  ridget.  The  different  rTdges  which 
compofe  this  immenfc  range  of  mountains  have  diffcr- 
tnt  names  m  different  ftates. 

The  principal  ridge  is  the  Allcganr,  which  has  been 
rfefcnptively  callec^  the  buck    hn,  of  the  United  States. 
Ihe  generalname  for  thefe  mountains,  taken collcairely 
lj,ih}htj1l!egMHf  Mountains,  h  called  from  the  princi- 
pal ndge  of  the  range.     Thefe  mountains  are  not  cOn- 
faiedly  fcattcred  and  broken,  rifing  here  and  there  into 
high  peaks  oyertopping  each  other,  but  ftretch  alomr  in 
uniform  ridges,  fcarcely  half  a  mile  high.     Ihty  fpSad 
as  you  proceed   fouth,    anS  fome  of  them  terminate  ia 
hig..-  perpendicular  bluffs.     Others  gradn  lly  fubfid'^   -• 
to  a  le^jcl    country,  giving  uTt  to  thenvers  which  run 
foutherly  mto  the  Gulf  of  MexJco.  , 

SoU  and  ProduOkrul  In  the  United  States  ^rc  to  be 
fcund  every  fpeclcs  of  foil  that  the  earth  affords.  In 
•ne  part  of  thrm  or  ar  ther  they  produce  ill  the  ^ari- 
•uskino  of  frr-ts.gra  pulfe  a  dliortuline  plants  nd 
foots  which  are  found  ir,  Europe,  and  ha*e  been  the  .e 
tranfplanted  to  America.  Befides  thefe,  a  great  varie- 
ty of  nativ.  *w^-etable  pre  luaions.  '  ^; 

Animals.1  America  contains,  at  leaft.,  one  half,  nd 
Ac  territory  of  the  Unit,  spates  about  one  fourt  ^f 
the  quadrupeds  of  \Y-  kho-  n  world.  -  Som*  of  th  , 
are  common  to  Noi  A  rica,  and  t(  .iic  Euro  r 
and  Afiauck  parts  Oi  c  ^ern  Contin  t;ot4iei..c 
pecuhar  to  this  countiy.  All  t^ofe  tha.  re  common 
to  both  continents  are  found  in  the  northern  parts  of 
tfacri,  and  are  fuch  as  may  be  fuppofed  to  have  migra- 
ted from    nne  rnntin«n»  frn  tka  M»V^>      o ^s=-  '^  " 

▼Jdukls  of  the  fame  fpecies,  inhabiting  the  aiffcrent  coii- 

^  tments,  fome  are  perfcdly  fimilar  j   between    otkerf 

were  u  fo«e  diierence  in  fiie,  colour  or  other  circf«i. 


i 


I 

J 


Kj.    . 


\ 


IHudfon'i 

he  Lakes, 
jf  a  great 
iorth-eaft. 
i  fea-coaftf 
m  fixtx  ^* 
A  breadth, 
and  inter- 
nes whick 
tve  differ- 

has'beec 
d  States, 
jllcftirelj 
he  princi- 
:  not  cOn- 

hcre  info 
alonfir  in 

y  fp^ad 
ninate  is 

ibfidf     ■« 
I'hicb  I  up 

lie  to  be 
rdf.  In 
the  vari- 
ants nd 
n  the  .e 
It  varie- 

lalf,  nd 
ourt  of 
ofth  n 
urc  H 
hci-, .-  e 
omtnoa 
)arts  of 

migra- 

-  _-.  •  _» • 

silt  con> 

otiterf 

ctrc|N»- 


M6o(e 

Caribdli 

llediDtip' 

Koe 
WofverMtc/5 

'Cai       it' :  ■•■ 


ivrehiii 


T 


C 


JFifldJifotft 

^fltt«J|«0Uft5 

Woixiltat 
4n>e^caalt|ie 

Fw^lelli^ 

Hkvm 


XV.I  ca|t 


>if. 


Grey  _ 
Hfd3(^ni-«L^ 

*-*««.    i-     /•  ^>  I*  gem   aj^  .^^ 


ar^t 


^^tge 


A    fope,     etbelbllo       v,|. 


■'Cr. 


'ii. 


¥ 


UNITED  STATES. 


that  are  lefs,  are   iht  Hare,  Red   Squirrel  tsd  Shtcm 
Mottfe.  T/ 

M0mfMUh.  This  name  has  been  given  to  an  unknonus 
imimaVwhde  bonet  are  found  in  the  oorthiarD  parts  «f 
Isoth  ^e  o'  and  Ae«f  vrorld.  Ftom  the  form  of  th«^ 
teeth,  they  are  fiippiofed  to  have  been  carnivorous.  Lithe 
IKe  efcphant  they  were  armed  with  tuHit  of  jvory ; 
^t they <ibvtoufly  differ  from  the  elephant* in  fize;  th^ir 
^nes  prnve  them  to  have  been  5  or  6  times  as  large. 
Thefe  enormous  boftcs  are  found  in  feveral  parts  9! 
Korth-Americai  particalarly  about  the  (alt  licks  wi^xm^ 
near  thf  Ohio  rim. 

Mt.  JefferfoR 'informs    us,  that  a  iMe    go^crnour    of 
'Virgiaia,  having  afttcd  fome  delegates  of  the  pdawarct 
uhft  thw  knew  or   had  heard,    rcfpeiling  thti  animal; 
the  chief  fpeaker  immediately  put  himielf  into  *i  Wato- 
rial  atliti  !e,  and,' with  a  pomp   fuitcd  to  the  luppoffd 
^elevation  ofkb  fubje€t,  informedhim,  that  it  Was  a  tradi- 
tion handed  dtwii  from    <heir    fathers,  «*  That  in  ^  in- 
dent timet '  a  tieird  of  them  canstf  to  the   Big'bone  )iclis» 
And  began 'li  univerfai   deflruaion   of  the   bears,    dee9'« 
dks,  btiftloH,  jand  other  animals  which  had  ^^een  cre- 
ated for  the  flit  of  the  Indians?    t^at  tlw  Great  Wm» 
above,  lookttl  ibwn,  and    fedng  this,  was  fo  enta|id, 
that   he  icittA  Mi  ligl)tning,   deiceQded   to  the  earth, 
feated  himfelf  upon  a   neighbotiring  mountain,  on  a  rock, 
«(i  which  his  feat   and  the  print  of  his  feet  are  ftill  to  be 
fi^^liid  ^<led  KU  baUs'  ai^iong  them    till  the  whole 
^cflanihieml   except  the  big  byW,  ^ho,  preffttfttng 
hii  forehead  li^j^e   Oiafts,  ih^k  them  off  as  theyf^l ; 
hm  tftlength,  miffing  '(>ne,;«twiHinded  bim  in  the  ftdes 
t|^|ere»ipon,  fpringiitg  roondt^c  bettnd^  elver  the  Ohio, 
tl^e  mbiffa^    the    Illinois,  and  €oadly  ^er  the  great 
liltes,Vhcl«  he.  i»  tivint  at  thia  day.*' 

Jl^^r  mtd0x^  TO»  animal  has  g^eraWy  ^ea 
ti^l  the  BuffidOi^  1m  ifcry  ii»|>ropci4y,  as  thi*  («|»me 
wwa  a^royriaittd  to  aiiother  ahimal.  He  is  <»f'the 
^  ^^  j^tes  «rith  Ihe  e»mmoft  neat  catdc  |  their  d^r- 
thll^^^'Of  <kiBefticaiion.'  :€t»mpaf«ed  with 
'"■"      '      onfiderabh 


lantwm 


«»f§«J! 


^%  ak9«t  the  ^e  parts  «f  hib  bod^.    Chs  his  ^outders 


a  1«rge  lelhy  or  grifly 


(rin^^badb    ^fcUr 


^ 


fi3)ft«cice,  Which  fit^f 


d  8h 


tan 


p»rts  ^ 
1  of  tbcif 
It.  hm 
>f  fwry  $ 
ze;  tb^ir 

as  large. 

pattt  of 
or  ipriR||i« 

eriwur  of 
DeJawarct 
[i  aniqoali 
tfn  Wato- 
;  fuppoied 
at  a  craoi- 


lat  m 

bone  Hclis, 

irs*    deer« 

^leen  crc- 

^reat  Mu» 

)  enraged, 

the  eafth, 

on  a  rock, 

(Oillto  be 

thit  wliole 

-^efeiiiiiag 

they  lyi  J 

the  <ide : 

(he  Ohio, 

the  great 

eraKy  b^e* 
thb  tf|me 

[«  is  of^the 

Jieir  (^r- 

pared  'ii^ 

n  Akoiiiderg 
ch  fi^» 


irmTED  STATES. 


h 


ien  IS  long  and  MfooITy,  and  aH  of  It  is  fit  to  be  fpan,  or 
wrou;^ht  into  hats.  Calves,  from  the  domeftick  jcottr 
■t^d  wild  bail,  are  fometiates  raifed  (  but  j^heo  they 
g^w  up,  they  becone  to  wild  that  no  comtQ^o  feo6e 
will  confine  them-^Is  fbynd  ia  the  mi(l^  |l^t^. 

Mo9/i,  Of  thefe  there  are  two  kiodi^  t!be  tdack  and 
Ae  grey.  The  bkck^  are  fttd  to  bare  been  from  8  to 
I  z  fcet  high  }  at  prefent  they  are  very  rarely  Teen.  The 
grey  Mhofe  afe  geQcraUy  as  tall  as  a  horft,  and  fomer 
ai^  mtfeh  utler  {  both  have  (preadiog  palmated  horns, 
<#eighing  from  50  to  40  pounds.  Thefe  are  (bed  annu- 
ally, in  the  mootli  of  February.  They  never  n\nf  hot 
trot  ivith  amazing  fpeed;  They  are-  found  in  New- 
England. 

Cwibott,  This  animal  is  diOSnguiihed  t^  its  branching 
^mai^  horns,  with  brow  antlers.  He  is  probably 
the  rein  deer  of  the  aorthero  parts  of  Esrope.  Front 
the  teodoAk  of  this  animal^  as  weH  as  of  the  Moofcl 
Ibe  adioriginil  natives  nwufereff  tolerable  thread*  l^ound 
miie  diftria  of  KlaiR§. 

Dner,  ThtiJW^D'wr*  hj^  round  bfancl^ng  hpgjir. 
0f  tl^'i^ecies  We  have  three  or  four  different  kinds  or 
flri«ttesi  one  <^  which,  found  on  the  Ohio  river,  ahd 
Hl^icinity,  is  tery  large,  smd  there  "i^imonly  clUietiihc 


The  K»//o-ttr  J5i»r*  has  branching  palmated  hornr. 
loathe  United  States,  thefe  animals  arr  larger  than  the 
BjurofHsan,  of  a  di^r^nt  coloux^,  and  fuppofid  by  fqioc, 
#  bedfa  difFerent  fpccies.  In  the  fourbero  ftates,  are 
Vetera!  ammals,  fuppofedto  be  varieties  of  the^oi  Af''** 

BMr.  Of  thh  animal  two  forts  are  found,  tn  the  nortfei- 
ei^  fktes  f  botli  an;  Hrick,  bat  diffewsnt  in  their  f^rraa 
and  habits.  One.  has  <b3rt  legs,  a  thick,  cl»|tnfy  bf?dy# 
|rgei*eraWy  k^zM  is  ^ery  fond  of,fweet,  vegetable 
febd;  fttch  as-fweet  apj>les,  Iivdi^  com  in  .the  mllSi  beif* 
ries,  grapes,  honey,  &c.  As  foon  as  the  firft  rvo# 
fills,  he  batakes  hiiafelf  to  his  deb,  whieh  is  a  ht^ln  9 
deft  of  jrbcfe,  a  hollow  tree,  or  jforfte  IWclijiliicei^ef^ 
fe  padaidfy  becomes  torpid,  aiid  do^es  away  the  wi»^cifr 

•  f'  maf«:  of  the  Red  Deer  i»  calfed  ^  f  the  Uii^ii4,Jii>»J  i 
th<t  y     .1^  Qjlf  The  npafc  of  the  Fallow  i>cer  i>  calfeA  iSfe^:^.  the 

«4k  iBate  iwjd  female  e^  the  Itoa, 


mmsm 


.:>^-- 


I 


70  trmTED  STATESi 

^ki»g  *is.  pawf,1»ttd  expending  bit  ftpck  of  fei  whuik 

-^y^/*^  A»r,,aqd  Ifeems  to  be  a  orade   between  th^  nrl? 

_«M^»  4md    p.^s;  aod  £otm\m^s  children     I*  wint«? 
^  m.grai^  to   the  fauthward.     T^  yW  J^a^^ 
bc^he .  ca^BK»a  blaek  bear  of  Eu^one^^el^^ 
refpo.«i.to  rhe  b^w.  bear  J,,T2'^,l  and  i^^b^ D 
•f  ^   f^rpe  fpccics  with   thoTe  fpplfejn%>f  a    lina^^k^ 

^The^^A«rr«wv^  called"^  <>ad^th«  €*;^«,«,«,  aiid. 
%ii«mer^  th«^^^^,^^,  i^n»  tohe  a  ^ajell 
"^«.the  Jiar*.  and  woodchack.  l^u.  ank,;3^8^. 
^levcaa«otrUTMka,aod  hat^^himfy^ppearicT^ 
^  very  m.fch,eva|B  ta  hwter^-|bll(MKba  them  "^ 
^^tung  their  traps,  and-  deftroying  ^1^  J,^*" 

^»rad8  bfifo  J  their  »cq«aimance  wiUt  the  ■  aSiir<^«^ 
«rtaha.e«^d-themin   hunting.    They  next  nXS 

|rmg  of  the  w^Jf  aiid  dog,  ^  bfii«g  mordScufth^ 
Ae  farmer,  and  nior*  e^iger  h   the  cha(e  th^in  the  latTeS 

Sih»er  Fox.  Red  Fox,.  Grey  Fox.  Crofa  Mm,  B^ant  Fpj^ 
jod  ftmM  o^ert.  It.i«  ^obaUe  tha|  there ^Ct^ 
-%^^of  i^fe  ammab,  as  th.y  are  fb«nd  in  aMj^ 

df  erm  pans  of  the  Unit^jSt^,.  h^..  3  oUit^ 
a«imals  fumirhed  with  fur,  of  d^  l^jJ^lf *  i  ^^^^ 
I^^Miofeof  theibuthern;  ;    "  ^==n=' If  r- 

t,J^!^^  Thi«j^i«,ai.  tN^  mot  d,^adid%TSni 


^    UNITED  STATES'.  ff 

tKtrayfnofitar  either  of  rs»«  or  boaft.    HtUfn„LiZ 
(he  norther.1  Md  Riiddfe  ff««,        »"',"««  f'«">d  * 

*"or**  «;  Lu'"^.''  """r^"  he  reftmble,  the 
ftates.  and  ,5  thete  call;_  the TiW.  r^,     ™  ° 

Tht^candis  called  by  the  FVefti^h^  Am-«:«*       ^m  ■ 
«   ..con™o»  cat,    JUU  i,^,b.«e,._  for^Tfe.*'.'?,^ 


*»#' 


'OX  tl)e#e  tt  Toti^tmd  ^     pu 


'■'•'  ^rriiiiftife 


"«w.  jAirseis!*,. 


.f 


1»-^ 


¥): 


UNf  TEJ&  OTATES. 


'        *> !  blit  being  able  to  f-ifnend  himWf  i™  ^  •  ■ 
t««.,«IIi „.X^.  f«*«P?  '^fo'fi>.  ^h^^. 


•   /O 


-Awapfe*... 


«»n4    th* 
^  like,  fee 

t&  fecare 
he  aeok^ 

^d  da 

em  patM- 

Bis,  and. 
^  ip:k», 

He  % 

wtier* 
/ound 


ciwp 


VmTm  STATES. 


«ya»y  beetles  and  otW  infefts  •  1,^  u  oii:. 
O^^gg*  and  young  chicltec^  hL  Lfl^^  ^  AV^  ^^ 
tolerably  good,  and  his  &f*  U  r  •  ^'  ^*'^  ^  be 
«Tiollkat.  But  what  ri!V  t^^"^^»  u^ed  ai^ 
i..  h«  being  f^U^^StiaiV^^^  ''"'^^ 
kn<J^^^,  and  which  te  h^  the  Jl!^*  ^^""^  ^^^^  *bing 
f^nce      When   hWam^ndon  ^  e^eS  ^  >*  ^ 

formftedritisirmTary  ^dTlj'^'"^  ^.  ^'^"^^'«  « 
&  pkced  as  to  include  her  ttt  ^^'  hf  '^'  ^'"  '  « 
wh^h  fhe  can  open  and  STut  T^Ie^te  ^^^  T^"^^ 
fiwth  her  young  from  four  to  L  ^      •       ^^^  brf»j^ 

Td^^efe.'^^-^^^'  titles  ifemt  l!"^^^^^ 
jnd  ^ey,  fron,  a  princi|>le.  of  inSnk  !S  \  ^r  P^^ 
h€r  teats.     Here  they\V«i^;2L  Ta^  ^^  themfelircs  lo  , 
«^  aWe  to  xua  abo«?«nd^^  Xl  ^""/^'""fl^d  till  they 

^ds  on.^  vegetables!  mI  tnTuit.  "^51  ^^5"'' 
tolls  jwnltry,  fttdfs  thdrbio*^   a^      ^  .^  ^^^ew^le 

&twfcdinftead.ofSt^;!«^^f  m 

em  and  middle  Aatc*         ^^  *>«"er-^^4>i«d  ai  ihe  fo^*. . 

Wg.- me  yo^  J^^^  J^^ 

alwut  6  nrntihs.       *™^"^  "^  i»»e  w  »  ^Ofnid  jj^ 

fers  from  b«th  ii»fo^lj.*^.  ^  *^«^««l»w«,  b«  ,1^ 


M>s 


'«vt«;vi 


n^afujQeral^le 


•  - — r-"i  IJB 


jKUMS 


««w«W%*aI£ 


•wotf,  w  ©the?  beaft  of  pTey»  he  throws  himfeEf  intqai 
pofture  of  defence,  by  (horttomg  his,  body,  elevating 
Iks  back,  and  «^eatti§  his.  quill*  The.  afiailftnt  foon 
^«d»fome  of  thefe  weapon*  ftuck  iiHo  h«  moiiihi  w 
other  parts  off  his  body,  and  every  efFort  which  he  make* 
to  f«e  htmlwJft  <^re»  tliar.j  torpeneirate  the  farther  j  they 
have  beeh  4nowo  to  btwy  thennifeilves  emirely^  in  a  fe«r 
minutes.  SOimcaines  Utey  proved  f t»l ;  ati  other  timet 
they  mafee  their  way  out  again  through  the  fitio^fiora 
•various  parts  of  the  body.  I^  nbt  mpUfted,  the  Urchift 
is  An  inofFinftve  aiiimal.  He  finds  a  hole,  or  hollow, 
which  he  tnakea  his  refidence,  and  feds  on  the  bark 
and  roots  of  vegetables,  ^is  fleih>  in  tha  opinioil  of 
hunters  is  equal  to  that  of  *  facking  pig. — ft-  f«>aftd  ift 
the '  northern  Aatet. 

Hare.  OfthJs  animal  we  have  two  fcincb,  M*hich  ap*. 
jpear  ta  be  different  fpecies-;  the  one  is  conin»pftly  call*' 
•d  the  white  Eabbit  or  Coney  j  the  other  is  fimply 
the  Rabbit.  THe  latter  borrows  in  the  jjroundi  like  a 
Pkcbit.  They  have  both  been  found,  in  the  feme  traft  of 
country  but  have  not  been  known  to  affbciate.  ihe  for* 
mer  has  been  fband  Jn  the  aortliera.  Hates,  and  appears 
w  be  ^  fartie  as  the  hare  of  the  oortheto  ^i^  of 
EuK>pe  f^^  th*  ktter  ii  fpttnd  i»4ll  the  ilates,  a«id  is 
probibly  a  fpecies  peculiar  to  America 

Maco9m  Tke  Ricoon,  io-the  form  and.  fi»e  of  his 
body,  refembles  the  fo«,  lit  his  manner*  *»e  refenables 
the  f^^utrrel  ;  like  him  he  lives  on  trees,  feeds  oa  Indian 
corn,  acorns,  &ie  and  fervcshimfelf  witb  his  fore  paw» 
Mis  iierti  i»  good  m^at,  and  liis  fur  is  vatoed  by  the  huw- 
Ut      MebfottodMnaU  the  cUmates   in  the    temperate 

zone  in  N^-rth-  America  " 

Tht  Mm  S^irr»i  Of  this  animaJ*  rfiere  are  ievtral 
msieties,  U*dk,  red  and  gr'ey.  Iti  Is^  ^nearly  tw&e  as 
hirge  as  the  common  gtey  %aii:rel,  is  fowid  in.tfe*  fouihr 
«n»-^at€S,  and  petajiiair  to  tltts  CQ»tIaeitt 

The  fJ^ry  simrreJ  of  Aincri€a  does  not  i^ree-  ejtaaly 
agl^  «hat' of  J^^^^fWi  but. is  generally  canwered  is  f>f 
1^  flilHp  Ipcoifts.  They  mMse.  a  ae^of  mx)h,  in  a  hol- 
iiwtfe^.  and  hete  tmy.,  dfc^jme  i««iT^  pr^'?™'*"  "^  " 
md  icorfti. ;  th*s  is  the  plase"  of  ihm^  refideace  d(unog 
#«  ■MWiitier,  md  Ute  moy^  being  forth-  their  yoaitg?  rhfiif 
ip«ii:#^^,  -#yl^gj.i$iplt~  «l-iitcka^  Isa^h,  '^  v^^^^ 


nfeHf  nito  » 
»  elevating 
[ULihni  foon 

(Ttoiith^  ttr 
\i  he  make» 
iher ;  they 
jf^  in  a  fewr 
other  ttnies 
e  iklD'fiom 
the  Urchift 

or  hollowt 
n  the   bark 

oplnlai)  of 
-It  f)»aiid  in 

,  vi»hrcb  ap*- 
ropniy  call*' 
r  IS  fitnpl]F 
und^  like  a 
ime  tra€l  of 
The  for* 
and  appears 
50  jftB^  of 
^es,   afid  is 

i  fi«e  of  His 
le  re&mbles 
is  oct'  Indian 
[»  fore  paw*. 
bf  the  hun<> 
!    teinperate 

t  arc  (iveral 
i^  twice  as 
^.tk«|b>Uthi>> 

gret-  ciuctiy 
iered  is  of 
f«,  in  a  hoi- 

Sun  ~w«      jjui" 

bace  during 
mngi     rWeit 


IfmTEJE)  STATER  in. 

•i^the  toi^  ofa  ufe.  They  fomctiiBet^^migrate^ 
cwifidci^le  ntifQb«rs.  If  i»  their  courf©  ther  meet 
WHh  »  rt?er»  each  of  ih«m  takes  ».ihmg)c,  piece  of  iarfc, 
tNT  t^  like,  and  cai-ws  it  to  the  w«t«r;;,  tfcu»,cqttippedi 
tjiey  «mb8*k»  and  erc^  tHwr  ^,^1  to  the  genriTbiteewH 
whtcfr  fooo  wnfls  iktm  ofer  in  fafcty,  hw  a  fiiddeo 
flAw  of  wtnd  fometimes  prodaca*  »  dcOr^tw  fWpwfecJi. 
The  iwater^»  o^  the  inaile«r  of  this  &«»s  i«  found 
caftnitftd.  C 

The  RtdSqmrrel  is  llsfs  ti»v»  the  giscy  fffisinici.  ^ 
feod  IS  the  fe»ie.a*;th*l  of  *e^n(^  f<pii««U  e«rept  tkftt 
It  fometimes  feeds  on  the  feeds  of  dw  pine  and  other 
wergreens;  benee  it  is  fofietimes  called  th?  ^ine  .fouic* 
wl,  and  is  found  foitheic  to-  the  nor^ward  tlia»  the  gisey 
r^  i  '-  ^P^<^«  pw*  of  «»  ttmc  oil  trees  m  <j^»aW 
teflrt*  bnt^xnSder*  hit  hale,; jMidec  fem»  rods  oe^  Joti 

,  The  Striped  $fMirMks.  mti^OiirtMwi  the  laft  maiitioiMife 
Jftjommer  it  fe«^  on  «pp>|,.  f«aeiie8,  Md  t<tmiB» 
IWtds  of  Iwm  a«d  feeds  f  aad  ^r  itt  wioter  fbf f  %> 
y  "*"?»  !^1*  »«^  ra»-  ^^  &nrwtimgs  afewidf .  »«« 
*ywttof^d*  bat.  always  d<^e«d»oji  the  aMsearsMMr 
ofAiiigeri    nordiaes  it   fee  I  feciiw, !«»  iar  its  h^. « : 

••4- ,nHfl<tte -fltoJes.  .■■'•■•--■;,:■,  V '-'■;■•*■, ' 

^«^  %*lrr<f/,    m»t?  ii  4h(j,  leift  aid.  okift  gnciOai 
•f^li»e  cJifi,  of  f<»^^  A,  <Mfrfie«ii«  fl£  d»  Oun  ceok. 

»^s  tlie  fowj  aa^hinder  4^  M^4m»  :   h»  «Koi^iM 
Uws  membRiBe,  H  k  ;ibte  to^l«^>.miicl»  fe»l^^.    anI3^ 

?T?  ^*t  •^'*  ^  **»»«  ^«**»-  %«*^^^    Ii  ike». 
ij  h<des   of  tr«^8,  andfe  feeds  Oft^fei^^Jt »  i^nA  ia.  A 

The  /^.J^.-*^i»t  J|,Wjri^m,^^e..t^ 
pantmaahottif   v-^yu.     Iwfbad  detwsdi  ^y  much  -lal. 
Its  lkt<Mt»OB.      H     ;arJeoa,  it  often  deftrws  yojiaa  feni© 
^ees  ^t  C4tt^g .  ,,A  bark  J    ic  &^s  atid   lisiadcw*,   k^ 
fe<^d8  on  the  roats  of  grafs,    fometimes  leai^  a^ooire 
mm  fwar<l,    wJitdiuppaai'jtM  i^  it  4ia*' beeoi  «at.o»t 


tftrrrowi 


••»•  •  -wiiTUQavt 


iusy- aijr,e     iiaii2    "tO  .WBXl    'i-esH:> 


tttd  to  lay  ^^  a   laa^g^   fi»r6.  «£  tfeafe;  Ib  tliao' 


Mat.     Tfe«  Bat  yef^  m«tch  reTembles'th^  4e]d   i»<y.tfe 


im/Gmi  aad   filf. ,;    byt 


it-*'" 


mmwmmmf 


U 


UNITED  STAttl 


iMmg  eomieAe<l  together bfj^  a-tttiii  membvant^ thiyfiifS'. 
Aiflithe  fWiinKi  With  wingg:  t^ey  frequent  tl*e  *»? itf et 
^oM  tMiihUags,  wh«nee  they  UfUe  in  tiie  twHght,  and 
itedah  the  wing,  iip(^  the  in(e(5ts  which  are  then  tibf 
IwiHd  flyifig.  Ivi  the  diiy  time  tfVey  kecf^  thcafetves  coh' 
«ealed;ai^  become  eorpid  KhKing*  tht  wintw.'-'^Cdmmaa 
tail  North- Ametica  and  £nr(^.  "* 

GretmJ  Mffitft.  This  aatinid  U  krger  tfitft- the  field 
iftoufe,  but  fimilar  in  form,  excepttpg  that  the  sd^  is 
imere  bkat  "  Its  boiy  ft  of  a  fiatf*  cotoiir,  and  it  bur* 
rows  und^r  grutind>  and  often  deik»y#  young  fmit  trees 
l^^jeating  their  bafk  v^. 

ft%<ulkat.  •♦  rhis  i5*wy  eurions  cmiiia}.  They 
ire  not  haif  the  fize  ©f  the  d^mellick  rat.  f 'hey  are 
&iguiar  with  refped  to  their  ingenuity  and  great  labour 
fa  coAftmaiRg  their  habitations*  whicU  are  conicd 
|»y4-amids,  about  ^  or  4  leet  hi^,  ccmpofed  of  dry  bran^ 
6hes^  which  tl^ey  colledk  witlli  gfeat  labour  and  perfe- 
jlf»iince,  aftd  pile  iip  wttitout  an;F  a^^parent  order ;  yet  they 
«i^  Jo  interwoven  with 'oh e  another^  tiuMt  it  would  take 
ft  bear  t>r  wild  eat  fi>rne  time  to  poH  one  of  thefe 
eafties  to  pieces,  and  t^kfW  the  anbiak  iiiifrcieot  time  ta 
tetre^  wkh  tke'r  v«)ttftg/' 

AmruSt^  B^f,  V  Thtk  anirnaV  hds  a  iong»^  naked  an^ 
Iba^  tail ;  thei  head  is  long  ^a||ed,  with  v  tmcrem  pmnted 
*ofkt  the  'upper  jaw  being  mocb  longer  than  the  lOw- 
c«i  The  £ar«  iue  large^iii  naked,  li^  coiour  is  a  deep 
kii^own;^  inclinfng;«a  ii£  on  the  bd)y»  and'  its  f\»  coarfe  ahdf 
har^s  It  is  fi^pofed  to  be-  of  tW  ^ee'iea-  which  Ht3  a> 
mdng  the  ibfnet  a(!^  deft$,  in  the  Blot  Mountaint  in  Vir- 
gMa>  Itfhiellk  conMs^  out  oi^ly  at  night,  and  makeij  a  terri>^ 
sHe  noife;    -.^i  ■-  -  ,-.•  '      \ 

^hfe^ar  MfUjk.  Tlfe  isthe  faialfefl'irfqaadrQpeds,  and 
holds  nearly  tht  f^m^e  place  anmng  t}iei9>as  the  hainming' 
bird  d^ii  among  she  fo^Niered  rac«R-  They  live-in  woo.:^^ 
7md  ayre  fuppQi*^  m  feed  on  gTiiia  au#iAfv:i^k'-<<^Fot|odia 
Mew<^ngland.  *     v- -  t\.-''/[/:~  ^Si.' 

Mxfi*.        The  perple   nK>lc  is  laiind  in  Vlfi^^lli  %  ^e 


.!- 


VT 


I I:- 


i*'MB       W-MK-Jl  mfci      ' 


.1.  ..u. 


w;ter.     TSe^   difis^  from  -^t  anoi^ry  and  both-frcnn  riie 
Ettfopean.      -^'s -^  -•  ■'^-' 

Tljf  Watfp- Mti  isf  about  the   fwe  of  a  corasnon  rat  V' 
lirown  on  the  Kick,  aad  whita  uoden  die.  beily — Feeds  o» 

a^uatick  aniiiiaiii 


UNfl  EB  STATES. 


% 


Mtavcr*  The  Beam  is  an  amphibious  animal.  <whidl 
«ai)not  in^e  £of  any  length  of  tinie  to  the  water ;  an^ 
can  exid  \^ith«>uti«tti4firovided  he  lias  fKc  canvesience  of 
1binetiines>athiog  hlmiclf.  The  Urgett  boii^rt  fnrfnerly, 
were  four  feet  in  length,  and  Weired  j^o  or  6c  poundi. 
At  prefent  ^1^  are  not  niore  than  three  in  length,  and 
may  ^eigh  fi;|iiRh  c^  to  50  pounds. 

Thei«-  colowr    19  generally  a  dark  brown,  but  varies  ae« 
cording  to  the  climate  they  inhabit-      Their  iiair  is  long 
and  coarie  J  the  fur  very  thick,    fine,  and  highly  valued.' 
Tlve  caflor  ii£ed  in  jnciduslcv^i*  fovnd  in  facks  formed  be- 
hind the  kidneys.         4 

Their  houfea  are  always  fitaarted  in  the  water  ;  fomtf- 
tinges  they  oiakejufe  of  a  mafiural  .pond>  hnt,  generally  they 
choofe  to  form  one  by  building  a  dam  acrofs  fooie  bro'  k  or 
rivuiet  Fur  this  purpofe  th6y  felex^t  a  number  of  faplii>gs 
ef  Q£i  wood  ^neraliyof  Itfs  than  6  inches  4iameter,  but 
iemetiines  of  16  or  18  inches  f  thefe  they  f«ll,  and  divide 
iota  proper  lengths,  suid  place  them  in  the  water,  fotlHit 
the  kngth  vf  the  iiicks  make  the  width  of  the  <bm. 
Thcfc  ftick  '  cv  !ay  in  n^d  or  n;!^,  thek  tails  ierving  them 
for  trowels  as  h  a- teeth  did  for  axes  The  dams  are 
Hx  orc^ht  feet  thick  at  the  bottom,  fiopwng  on  the  ^dt 
oppofed  to  the  Aream^  ■^r4  at,*;  si  jjijf:  jiv|aafter  as  broad  at 
top  as  at  bottom-  Nai»  'ih*-  to^^f  tk  dam  they  leave  one 
w  more  wafts  warys,  m  fli  in;,  'ilacei,  to  carry  off  the  fur- 
^s  water.  ^   ^ 

The  formatbti  of,  their  fi^bi^is  it  tto  k^rcniarkablt. 
They  confiit  (^  two  (lories,  one  ttnd«r,  the  other  ahopi 
water.  They  are  ftiaped  like  the  Ofiral  bee  hive  j  uad  of 
zfttt  pro|)orti<i!^e4  to  ^e  number  ©f  inhatntaoits  ihe 
i»,ulls  oi'  the  lower  a|UMr^i|)eDt8  are  ^wi^or  thnc  feettlrifil^, 
jformed  like  th^ir  dams  ;  thofe  of  the  upper  ftory 
are  thino«r»  «o«'  the  ^0^,  on  tlie  infide.  ^kiftered 
with  mii4>  Each  f^n%  conftiuatf  and  inhAits  ka 
«wo  cabfiR.  ^  The  upper  i^artments  are  curioufly  ftrew- 
e4  wkh  l$»vcsS|  iiQ,4  Cdii4ere4  neat,  cteaft  ai^  eom^- 
able.  The  winnsr  never  furprifes  thefe  atfEfflasdt  before 
their  bultnersxis  completed.;  ^Qf  their  houfesiikrft   «o«r- 

of  prtivifion    laid    hi,    which   conClls  of  fmall  pieces  of 
tfobdi  depofited  to  th';  lowtr  apartmentti       PIfort    t 


>Aii' 


■  — '  !•"<*  iillBlK^  Ay^-'t.  ■-, 


•♦  USITEO  STATES. 

middle  ftw,.         «S*«^^-Foi.iid  m  the  „of them  and 

W.  h«t^,«i«,te  like  the  e)q*,at7k^£;fr|' 
>2f «  «.«rdlrbu.  hi.  ha«*  .^'S  "t  ^^^ 

n^r?  ?"'""'>-'"">g  «  |W«te«6  p«t  of  ftetiiM  in  tl**. 


!M«0 


i^l^l^J;^-;^*^^^ 


'  sy^yr^ 


WWTBDWviijXa. 


9s 


IIVIBbtflaCMbCttft. 

M 

s 
15 

4 

47 

62 


theVvlturc 

The  Crow   . 

The  Woodptckcr  And  <ttkwi 

orawverous  Tribes 

The  '^^"'-">'/^i""^JIir^  c««p,d.endmK 
The  Heron  J 

The  Wood  PeUcan,&c.  J^ 

Teal  40 

The  Plover  kind  37 

,     .    15 


Unclafled 


Total  27 1« 

S "y  '«?««<'  ?oref„u.h^e™"tt7''^^  they  a„. 
birdsHindthe  fwalC!S£Z   ^  ^P^^^'  *^^  ^^^w 

<yUrai,i,,  pis.  in  ;&,  k..^  11- "K"^'  breed  iaPeW 


-^* 


ther< 


•  rctara 
H 


^  fmtttO!!,: 


/ 


^ 


UNITED  STATEI. 


m 


"H  is  not  known  how  far  to  the  fou'^h  they  cofltimi* 
their  route,  during  their  abfence  fron  hr  orthem  and 
middle  ilat^s. 

The  Sv/an  is  the  largcil  of  the  aquatJcTc  t  beo.  bfrift 
which  is  fcen  in  this  country.  Ore  litin  has  'i  ceu 
Jtnown  to  weigh  361b,  and  to  be  6  (c  in  length,  from 
the  bill  to  the  feet  when  ftretched.  it  makes  a  jund 
rcfenjbling  that  of  a  trutijpet,  both  when  in  t  c  ater 
and  on  the  wing. 

The  C/matia  goo/ff  h  z  bird  of  pa/Tage,  ncf  regari- 
ous.  The  offspring  of  the  Canadian  and  com  on  goofc 
are  mongrels,  and  recko  jed  more  valuable  than  drher 
<ol'  them  fingly,  but  do  not  propagate. 

Tht  ^ail  QT  Partridge,  This  bird  is  he.  tail  of 
Ncw-England,  and  the  Partridge  of  the  fouthen.  '  -s  : 
but  is  properly  neither.  It  is  a  bird  peculiar  to  Aiuer 
ica.  The  Partridge  <jf  New- England,  is  the  Pheafar  , 
of  Pennfylvania,  bitfis  mifcallcd  m  both  places.  It  is 
a  fpecies  of  the  Grout.  Neither  the  Phcai'ant,  Partt  id^  .♦ 
or  Quail,  are  found  in  America. 

»ir  -  nko^w.  Thefe  birds  are  faid  not  to  pair,  like  the  reft 
if  feathered  tribes.  When  die  female  appears  on 
'"  Vi  ig,  file  is  often  attended  by  two  or  three  males. 
I»^r,'*ke  all  other  birds,  Ihe  does  not  build  a  oeft  of  her 
own,  but  takes  the  opportunity  while  the  Hedge  Spar- 
row (probably  they  make  ufe  of  other  neftsi  S  laying 
her  cggs,to  depofite  her  egg  among  the  reft,  fearing  the 
future  care  of  it  entirely  to  the  hedge  fparrow.  The 
cue  kow's  egg  requires  no  longer  iucubation  thanherown. 
When  the  hedge  fparrow  has  fat  her  ufual  time,  and 
difengnged  the  yoang  cuckow,  and  fome.c^  her  own  off- 
spi^ing  \u^m  their  (hells,  the  young  cuckov  ,  aftioniftiing 
as  k  may  (citm^  immediately,  fets  about  clearing  the 
fieft  of  the  young  fparrows,  and  the  remaining  unhatch- 
ed  eggs,  and  with  furprizing  expertnefs  foon  accom- 
jplifhes  the  bufmefs  and  remains  fole  poffeflbr  of  the  neft, 
and  the  only  o^ed  of  <he  fparrow's  future  care. 

The  Wakon  Birdf  which  probably  is  of  the  fame  fpecies 
wth  the  Bird  of  Paradife,  receives  its  name  from  the 
idea^  the  radiant  have  of  its  fuperiour  excellence  |  the 
Wakon  Bird  beingj  in  their  lan^age  the  bird  of  the 
Orettt  Slpirit.  Its  tail  i«  compoied  of  four  or  live 
feathers,,  whicjh  arc  thrw  timei  as  }QOg  as  »ts  bady. 


cQfit-.inuc 
:kern  and 

eOi  bjrdi 
has  'ceo 
p.h,  froin 
a  fotttid 
lie   •'ater 

gtcgarf. 
ton  gooife 
10  dther 

rwi  of 

o  Ai.    r 
Pf>ea/r     , 
ES.        It  IS 

*artiid^» 

e  the  reft 
pears  on 
e  males* 
ft  of  her 
p;e  Spar» 
IS  laying 
ring  ^he 
V.  The 
hefown. 
rae,  and 
own  ofiF- 
oniHiing 
ping  the 
luhatch" 
accom- 
t&e  neft, 

• 

e  fpecies 
i"ona  the 
£e  I  the 
iof  tbf 

or  five 


TNITED  STATE 

are  bca    i fully  fliaded  with 


9^ 

and  por-* 


ani   A 

pie.     it    irriet  ihii,  hue  length  of  plumagt:  m  the  (An% 
irttnner  ai  the   peaeoek    does  his,  but  it  is  not  known 
wuetii  r,  liJf     h  w,  k  e?er    raifes  it  to  an   trcft  pofi- 
ion. 

The  Wheffaw  is  of  the  ctickow  kind,  being,  like  that,^ 
^  folitary  bird,  and  fcarcely  cvt  fecn  In  3ie  fummer 
II  mths  it  is  heard  in  the  groves,  whe  '  makes  a  nolle 
Uke  the  filing  of  a  faw,.  frora'  wliic  .lance  it  has 

rec  wived  its  namo. 

I'he  Humming  Bird  is  the  fmall  ^Uthc  feathered 

mhabttants  of  the  air.     Its  plum;         furpafles  defcrip- 

^  On  ittheadis  a  fmall  tufi  f  jetty  black  ;  its 
breaft  is  red,  its  belly  white  j  ks  bank,  win^rs  and  tail 
€^  th  finelt  pale  green  j  ftnall  fpecks  of  gold  are  feat- 
tlrec  r  it  with  inexpreffible  grace  ;  and  to  crown  tho 
^ho  aln»oft  injpercepiihle  down  fo^tens  the  lever- 

al  colours,  ar.dprodu<:e«  the  moft  pleafing fhadts. 

jfmpiilious  Rc-pfi/cj,]     Among  rhtfe  are  the  mud  tor^  ' 
twfe  or  turtic.     Speckiedlandtc/tolle.   Great  foft  < hell- 
ed tortoife  r^  Florida? ;  when  full  grown  it  weighs^oa* 
30  to  4io  pounds,    extremely  fat  and  delicious  i^od^ 
trrea^  land  tortoife,   called  gopher      its  upper   fheli  i» 

about    IS  inches    ong,  and  fronv  lo  to   la  broad 

round fouth  of  Savannah  River. 

TwoTpecreisof  frefli  water  tortdife*  inhabit  the  tide 
water  rivers  jathe  fouthern  ftares  ;  one  is  l.irge,  weigh- 
-ng  from  10  to  12  pounds ;  the  other  fpeciss  are  fmaJU 
uut  both  are  efteeni.     Jelicion   food. 

Of  the /',^  kinjare  fev<  a  fpcr-esi  th>  is:d,  brown, 
and  black.  ^  ' 

Of  the  Fro^^  kind  are  many  fpecies.    Pond  fros,  green 

fountajnfrog,  tree    frog,  bull  frog.     Befides  rhele,  are 

th^  duflcy  brown  fpotted  frog  of  Carolina';  their  voice 

refembles  the  grunting  of  fwine.     The  bell   frog,  f©. 

taUedbecauIe  their  voice  is  fancied  to   be  exa«aiy  Hke 

^l^f^,  loud  cow  bell.     A  beautiful  green  fro?  whofe 

^oife  isUke  the  barking  of  little  dogS,  or.the  yelping  ol 

Fuppitss.^     A    lefs  greenlro!?,    whofe    notes    r-fsrSbU 

!%>^   Of  young  cliickens.     Little  grey  fpeckWd  froi' 

who  make  a  noife  tike  thr  ftriking  of  two  pebbles  tt 

gether  und«;r  the  furface  of  tl?e  water.     Ther«  is  yet  anv 

*«trenwly  diminutive  fpecies  of  frog^,  caUed  byfoio*,. 


.y£ 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)872-4503 


v 


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!/. 


^ 


Ze 


i 


#:i  ,«*  ^'"^rica^iy'a^^fiaS^  ij^  jl  ir^nr  ^e,  ugly,  t^i«*. 

l^bk  toil flSe  btll, execpt  abom  their  hestda^ 

^frjr  refemble  iht  li^rd.  The  head  of  4  fu» 
-s  %#*■»'  **>***^  three  &et  $t>ng»^imd  the  mout^  ^ 
i^st«i|«|;iirfame  length.  Thett  eyet  at%  ceiiipti^ 
4mrlif  M^^i  and  their  vdi^e  head  in  di^  wster,  ajK* 
i^Watn difta^*eiHcea(picic  of  tottep  floatiiwf  wddd., 
I^tii^er^a^  0%  ttK>v«^«wlihi^  the^  nSe  l<i  as 
1^  fornta  right  angle  yi^  ^  lbw«r  osi.  llet  opea 
rtift^Wiitlrt,  While  they  lie  Ssdfchfj?  iftthe  fttiT,  otithe 
1^34  of  rfv#rsand^;rkWandr  #heniJaicd  ^tUmilgi 
■mmmm-iiiM  other  tnfe^,  they^fi^reiily  let  fla  th^t 
«^^  j4iif  with  Rifprftmg^^ 

prefi'  l^^h»vfetwdiii^ge^ft*oiig,  cefawil  tuiks*  at 
jWfir  :^  ivdtffWhkh  lite  not  eweiredMthtt^ftin  or 
Xfjps,  and  which  give  the  antlnil  afrivhtln)  apptfarance. 
iii^^rttfgf^  whiefaiK  dtdM-  ^ftn^  Torr  breeding;  they 
^aljdt  moftild«^  anil  tdrifyii^  rosar,  #efeiaM&g  the 
^d  of  !iii%«l  ^nder.  The  aJKgator  is  an^vlpy 
INiirammal}ueir'd^^»  which  aree!(»iinio»]yhuiltoii 
^  Hmn^a  of  jjbme  creek  or  riveir  at  the  diftanct  of 
i^oraDjazdc  utm  the  water*  arc  in  the  form  of  an 
iMgfi^^^^e,  ^»Mrt4ftecht|[^^aBd4or5iii  diameter 
«t  tifear  tuiliL  Tbc^  suit  eooftnifted  w#h  a  foct<^ 
monar^  made  of  a  sbustvirv^  amd,  m6  iuid  hcHM^. 
f&ft  they  lay  i|  ff^  tf  thEt  cbn&i^&n,  o»  s^^  they 

m^umm^  f  or  tlBchlt  Oiidt  $  ait*  tl^  another 
Jvy^^ffgi;  «bd  hi;lid«  aumORV  QM  ti^aivim  wm 
«no^«  scarif  to  the  t^p  9f  iha jiell^They  \xr:^imt 
imt  ;q  cwQ  IliiBm'ed  egfrin  a  nett.  I'liyeif  aisteciJiiiii. 
it  ii'^poftd,  hgr  the  h««c  of  th«fan,iiffiii|edy  jp«i^->-  :^« 
Che  femteiiatioa  4^^  i^^etobi^  v^iltir  m  w^fch  ^y 


ai 


.i 

«» 


■"Jfcf' 


art  d^fitei  .^llef*1i»ife#ted  car 
ftir  own  neaof  eggfr  tttl  tfei«^  sif»^^  # 
then  takes  tier  Ur6o  J  under  lict  care^  *n4  lewis  thtaft^ 
aboat  ti»  fliores  Kke  as  a  hen  d^  her  ^chicfcew,  and  1^ 
equadly  courageous  H  ^jfeiiidii^  thseoiuni^time  C!f,d*f^ 
ger.'   When  ^  liesbaifluf^  (i^'warirtbaoW  w»^f  <f 
brood  around'l^tf  #e  yo(|ji^«<^^iii«iy  be^enrd^itiii^ 
and  b«irki%iftke  young  pupjpies.    The^l4  fised  on  tli«: 
joang  alligators,  till  they  ^J^  largda*  that  th^jr  tfa«? 
not  maJtc  a  prey  of  them ;  fo  that  tefpilr  but  f^w|f^f 
brood  fur vive  the  age  of  a  year.    They  are  fond  <)f  «|e 
fieffa  of  dege  aodhogir,  whU**  lltej^  d»voi^  m«^^ 
they  have  an  opportunity.'    Their  prrecipal  food  i^^Oui^. 
in^  Carotma  and  Georgi;i  they  retire,  into  tbfir  dCMfir 
tv^ich  they  form- by  burrowing  far  under  groond»^0^ 
a&eneii|]b^nder  water  and  working  upwai'dii>  and-tlgi» 
remainln  a  torjiid  ftate  jjuf a^,  the  winter.    y»i«^ 
ibuth>  in  Warmer  cUmaies,  they  iwpe  n^rtfn^EB^g^ii' 
aod  more  fierce  and  ravenous,,  and  wHl  boliHyatu^ll^ 
man.     In  S*?«^th-Amcjiica,thf  carri0a  voltwre   is  the-; 
inftrumint   of  Providence,  to  deftmy  multitudes  # 
young  aUigatoi-s,  whow^ul^  otherjwile  render  the  cott% 

try  UtttrvhaWtat^'-^  '■'-:' ■•-f- ■■       ■>'^^-:      .    ■;,;-.  .'•^■^ 
BeiUes  the  alligator,  we  have  of  diis  fpecies  of  |m* 
phihioui  reptiles,  the  brown  lizard,  fwift  U%ard,  or  ||^^» 

freen  cameVeon  <^  ^^^Hna,  whichi  Uke  thecameUi^iii^ 
as  the  faculty  of  changing '  its  colouiS  Thfr  Q^i0§ 
lizard,  or  fcotpion,  S^ne  bellied,  %uan»om  li9«^?«if 
erd  ▼arieties  }  large  copper  e^lourei  lizard'i  4wi%- 
lender,  blue  litard,  with  a  iGnJgilender  u41,4r  Infit^ 
asdiatof  thegUfsfnake.  Thetvi«»  M  are  rai^«|y>te^^ 
but  are  fometimes  icbojl  al»^  c4d  log.bapKngr.ia  tlir 
ibatherQ' ftatcs^-  ■  ■ ,  ,f.^-. ]'■•.. ,-  .^v;  ■  -.  •    .,         ,.  ^ ^ 

Serf€nt's*\  The  claraafcrs  by  iriht^bh  ai»|>ihjlbi^^ 
(erp^&tlaaift  di(lhig'^iO«d  are  th^<^  tHe  belly  is  fp^ii^*' 
ed  wttb' ^utflK  and  ihe  tail  ha»;jb^th;f€ui8e  and  I^^^- 
Of  iheff  futile*  ;t&^  lollowiii^ate  Couud  tn  cht  U«ii# 


Hazard 


irtdll  Ritttb#iake 


m  6na^< 


Snake 


■'  ; 


i  ? 


^1 


^NMtialat'^ 


^ic^.%$lee;; 


Ifilng  Stasillts   ^ 
■W^mR^tttf  $mthm^  ^^nudei^l  «^K»n  ■ww^ew^ 

tin  conbg  ^^lev^ral  asfHsMlaisii  --«<i-^SL^  .   ^*^-- 
lift  frivieoiy  i^irpkecU    WheHm^ibk 


CTr'Wi.HtX  -.  i»«(f'^,  ,.1 


tng  alarms    If  pui|ltetlfid«^tadBm  iaftaiillv 

l##s  ^ourii  t»0St*  ^fio&tiauallyvrtfiag  «id'^^idlm#  Kli 

ant  Aaitetied,^^.i&«<ilct  ^oH^  tnra  tken-  Jh^ees- 
l^i>M%  dU^Diisrli^tbeB'  fiitadf Ai^r^dr  «f«rred  at 
huthk^  coals,  aadtkeir  braif^iMng  fetled  tonvo^  of 
the  c<il^>'ef  the  ^imt^  flame,  iitcf»c««  a  t^>^tf^difiai. 
13fey<MJVcrai^liBle6  foN  of  their  warki  Thof  am 
fiN^M(4«d^  iiftv»  ihe|>ow«r  of  ^ftinatidti,  inan  esliiir 

l}^4%ff^J^ila,  £^mnk  »M  otherf  ajMflaiili^'^lA  iS^i^Il 

tliiiriliOi«tlMi4rli«  d^nm  «ii(d  IMSH^^My vs«st^  lie 

thj  bj«||>rwmi  a  fticli  not^i^^^Hi  la  ]iiaii«s^  ^ftmb 
ff^liiN^M  tii^lnll  ijie  lat^peft  i^aml  ^  9t^t^^^Qmti£ 
iB^PSi  %^^ft|^t^Btiot^tiake^ 
^eto|ifr  jt.^fr  altauked.    ^k^  4Miitt«^  rf «^ 

^941^  ^NftMit  teM  f  that  lbl^ft^v^^4 
frpiii«iMj*aid|ori^ii«it«^^  ^^ 

n$eof  aUTffBdiAoiis  liiii^s.  ^(  Kii^«i|ig^:t^  tfiilfr 
rate^  t&e  leg  a»v  thigh^  $k&vt  iM  fapt  li^eo,  ^fe^^ 
ter  interrupt  the  cicculasiim ;  thes  m^  orf<at^  ^ 
wei^  witli  alaii«etiiciii£j»,  or  ifHti  ilYKi  ^tif  ^  w^i:^4> 
«»%  kt«  firieiul  cb^i^$41m|  fab  it  wi^  any  «i^<ms 
mm^f'^i^mimid  or  ve^e^ibie-;  or  if tkat  cann 
IjefroiBWad*  niiA»  dfe  o^filr^^l^iai^-  evft  to  ha 
m  h^tUi^^^mO^  kmt^  drnd^  fti'cet  oil  m 
mSStmrntmni  if  pure  litmesr  1^  at-hamii  upph  kt 
^W9!m-*fm^iitm  ma   ftclemg  it  m  p^t&^ 

^^^J^i««r^  ^^#biir^:to-|j^Bl« ftr *«MrA,  and 
y^iiaEai A^pVleg ;  wlien  diftwrbfcdibr  «^  «^r 
ti^  OiiM^ieiRfii^ei  iaio  «  coil,  and  tfeeii  jtradaaliv 


^■M^-' 


9^  twto^D  ^atbs. 

foritti  toi^UfiK»  and  dii^^lhw  tiwr  ckjoW  p«»ift)Q<>itt' 
fw^tdv^fOiMrdianr*^  iA^t^^^  atittiidc  tliecrea^ 
jBfifew  anwyftwrfifying  appejuanct.  It  b  faid  t&«wr 
Jit«4ff  i^oirablf > IkQc  m ^^h^^K^^t  itcit nou 
mkt  tlte  riitd«^rflai(«the^«  Ilbw4n  their  molldiw,  an^: 
^mir  Miw  a  p«xfo9Vunl«f8  provoked^-^Fooiia  iri  abund. 
»iit»  I&  the  iwAmpt  and  low  grouiub  vk  the  foiichaii« 

The  Miief^nah  it  of  v;arioU»  leng^  from  J-  to  6  feet« 
fflt^^f  of  a  ihining  bkcfc  j;  itlsdotTenomous  ;  is  ufeful 
m  deftroywii  tats»  and  pnrfiies  its  pisey  with  wohdcrfiil^ 
agtjiity..  Iiii^4^  it  wia  dofti^j^  the  rattle  fiiakc 
hi?  i«^i%g  rbtm4$k  aiidwhq^ping  it  t^  death.  It  hat^ 
hfeft-r^otted  s^  that  thsey  have  fbnetiiuei  fmn^ 
^Dll^^^  roottd,  tfa«  hodi^  ol  ehildren,  fqueennr 
tN#li|k  they  die.  The^f  are  found  ia  alkh?  iate$;  * 
•1^  eQacbWhi^  Siuih  U  <prf  Turiout  and^  beamifol  cot- 
«ttt  ^MAe  povta  beowa^  or  ehocoUite,  otheic*  Mack*  as# 
a^iefs  whi^i^  tt,h»  tfor'vfeetloiigk  an^  Tery  fleadei* 
and  a^ye  r  »t  .^as  fwi^ljr,  landeit  quite  inoffenfive  j- 
hut»the  fodiam  im^iiie.that  k^ia able  to  cat  a  man  in^ 
tp^  «#h. ji  jf^of  it*  tatk  t^  the  hlach*^^  £!^«^  itt 
«^f%k^Updiilt»taM.  with  Its  head  and  bo^.  tttiL 

T^  f*mor^v^Sm>ket  e4M  aUbthe  Horh  fnake^ 
it  the  Ims^  M^  tMiipi>ent  kind  known  in  North  Amw-^ 
ica^  except  ^e  rajttle  fhahe,  and  perhaps  exceeds  Irim^ 

pied  hhiak.  and  white}  are  in^ 
to^  naaakiiidi  but ;  deiro^r  |*^ir» 
i«ls,  rabbitst^and#w'erfpther  creature  they  catttike  as^ 
food.  Their  taik^ermwiat^  With  a  hard  horny  fpur, 
which  th<5|^  Vibrate  veigr  quick  whew  difturbed,  but* 
^cy  never  altemi^to  ftrtkc  wiUiit,  TSjey  have  detti. 
inthe  eardi»  |o  which  they  retreat  intfme  oil  danger^ . 

TheGJa/s  SH0h  h9k9L  Very  imail  headr  ^uppcrr 
part  of  i^  body  is  of  a  eobur  blended  bromi  an* 
grecnjmoft  regularly  and  €k^ai|«ly?^pdtted  with  yellow, 
^s^^in  i»  yory  Smooth  aud^mifME,\with»  fmafi  fta^u 

«.»„-^  _|,«/M„     -^ ji,«-J    -l.--i.-  *«t-^-     ^     --•         '■*    '-■    ■  -'  — 

and  of  i^  dittereiu?'{iru^ure;  Aimall  blow  with  a  Jllck 
wiUitparate  the bodyyaot  only  at  the  place  ^uck,  hoc 
at  xwo  or  three  other  places,  the  mttfclee  being  artitp'! 
lated  ia  f  rmgular  manlier^  <|uke  through  to.  tk.e  vcirt«r 


<f 


Csire: 


iiit^  and  m 


tl^  ftji^  ivoodt  of  tm 


?^v*^l^ii"i  f**'^*-  iti»  ib  (Be  aad  >»«»  fo  ft# 
^S^l?^^^<»^^^yfcldhig.  till*  It  can  liftrdrr«<^ 
myfiRkpthe  fbiHb  of*  hoi^r  Wtt  it  w  toi^     H 

b^eatit  froiiithctaa  to  the  bM»^ilid  pit«ei  m  S  » 
^loi^anjadt  produce  the  Ic^ft  tfaadtiit erf  Woo* 
IfisnotTenoiidtft. 

A  ^®  ^^?*  **"«  »<>*  io  TO|!neroo|f)i«r  fo  ^om|^  M  ? 
the  northern  win  A*  fimthfern  ft«i»     tn  t^ljiiii^ 
yy?^y  **  infiaKt«m»  ire  fttiniftied  mMt  4.  iii»€i|^ 

S!%/t   »:an  «^l^l^^ilrtJ^^ 
liefer  reii«#ft^alice.  ^Hft,  #li#e»tt'  ^fmrntmniam^ 
w«6_are  found-  di^  Go4^  oace#e  l^fc^iMtf  |»ni#iiet 
fuMcatiititiddtesai^^^^^  '«"  , 


AftTf Htttes^into  t»ri«^IViflo^^^  colR|)«l«et^^^%^ 
TfaeWliftIr     Boiphtii;    Forfidl^v    Qnm^^    BelHiK 


i^hUkg^m 


<^en  wtam  or  «^»       |^k  or  Hi^  jNftiii^^ 


2?^ 


mm 


Wfti^ 


«%* 


Ml 


icidelldb 


Sacktf 


■pp 


rroftOh 
PpHtKk 
KfeaUKiUock 
mke 

White  Perfh 
Be*  Perch 


xMTEB  STAtfea 


^li^Mackertl 

8|^lckdl4acl^el  • 

:  :f«iii><»i>'piiii'  ■  •   '  - 

Kike  dt  Pickerel 

Aiherine 

MMlIct         ;  : 

Htrriiig 

Carp 

Pond  fiAi 

Toadi%  ,;     ; 

lUacK    'vi'V-"'^'  •:, 

Shad 

Hard  Head 

J&kmtt 


Me 

IfldeBIaehftm 
Rock  Btkek  fiA 

MlccpVHc»4       . 

Red  Druiki> 

IMack  Drum 

Branded  Brum 

fthetp'i  head  Xipum 

Mc^b«aker 

Shading 

Porfie 

Date- 

WflagiKfli 
Sword  ifli 


StripedBM^ 
Sbi^tr'  ;■ 

IJe  #«Mr^  ii|^  t^^^^^  of  all  animals,    fe  the 

aortfaernieasfome  ar«  found  90  ftet  in  lengtii  ;  ^nd 
in  the  torrid  aone,  wh?re  they  are  uninoleftid*  whale* 
feavc1ie(m  fcenl6Q  feet  in  length,  The  l^ad  is  great-' 
%  «tfpTop<^oiied^to  i*c  Sie  of  the  body.  In  the  mid* 
«c  of  the  heiid  arc  two  orlHccs,  through  w^ic^ 
they  f^at  water  to  a  great  height  The  eyes  are  not 
Mfger  thfitt  ^14^  of  the  01,  an<l  are  placed  towardHhe 
backof  the  head,  for  tfa%  conTcniencc  of  f^g  hoth? 
fecfoTf  indlH^ind.  They  are  guarded  by  eyelid?  a»  lA 
^uadroMds ;  and  th  ey  afipear  to  he  very  (hafp  fightcd^ 

gd  ^ttic^  of  hcarinfe.  What  is  caUed  Whate  hone  adir 
^es  to  the  uppef  jJw,  4nd  is  ^med  of  thin  parallel 
IBrKilJ  ;  ii^e,Of  tHplongca  4w  ^»  feet  ioleii|^i  of 
?^««lHK^3?<?fi^m  15010500  on  each  fide*  accord- 
»«/'oWf  %« of  th^fwiialei  The  taU  which  alone  it 
nfes  to  ^d^aii^  ttfeif  in  the  water,  is  brOad  an4  ftilil- 
kmar,  and  when  the  fifli  lies  Sii  one  fidfe,  its  blow  U 
trem^^oiii;,  ■;  ,  ■;     ,^ 

A  "^^^^^^^^^  *®  «ach  oth^isremaeiable.  An  W 
feme  of  n  is  related  by  Mr,  A^nderfon,.  as  foUovii*, 
*«  Sottie  fifliers  havmg  ftnitk  ^rof  two  whales,  k  male 
Mda  ffma*?,  in  comp^itty,  the  wounded  fi(h  made  it 
i»«*K,iiH>t  wrrifaie  refiSance >  it  ftnick  dowa"^  loat 
^tymjom  in  it,  with  a  4ngle  blow  of  its  j^i;  ii 
i^jch  all  went  to  Ae  bottom.  The  other  ftjfl  attcnE 
H^kscprofiwmon,  and  lent  it<^ry  aflilUi^i  tai„  k 


laiyihe^Qi  :lhs^  wm  ftnick,  (unk  un Jcr  the  mnAtcf  of 
its  wottfuh ;  "while  its  faitlkfcJ  aflbd^tet  dif^^muigtQ 
furvi^f  the  lof5,,w».d»  greftt  bellowing,  Acctchcd  ilselC 
upon  '^e  dead  filb,  an<i  fii»red  iu  Tate."  Tlie  whale 
goesintk  fOfttng-ninc  qt  ten  months,  aa^  ge«era]ly4>ro^ 
4ttcei^^<^^ne  one,  never  above  tv'Ot  ^hlch  are  blacky 
and  aboBt  lO  ^Itlong.  The  feats  of  the  fematearp 
placed  in  the  lower  part  of  the  betly.  Wtien  ihefucl^ 
iesher  ywng,  fl^e  throws  herfclf  o^  one  tide,  <ni  the 
fttrf a<!e  of  the  water,  and  the  young  ottes  attach  t^emt 
ielves  to  the  teat^  Nothing  can  exceed  the  tenderneft 
and  care  of  ^e  female  for.  her  young. 

ITie  /,*;»i^^  frequents  moft of  the  rivers  in  the  New- 
England  (laieg,.  efpecially  where  the  'pairage  isnot  iii# 
tcrrnpted  hy  dams.  That  part  of^the  Lamprey  whtcli 
if  below  the  air  holes^  Is  falted  and  driefd  for  food.  .  Al^ 
ler  the  i|>awninp:  feafoh  is  over,  and  ^  7Qp<*S  ^n  hav« 
^pnedownto  llie  fea,  the  old'  6fli«>  ^tta^  them(<^lvet 
to  the  rbotsaod  Jimbsof  tNes,  wh^h  have  fallefi  orn|ift 
into  the  water,  and  there  p^riiSiI    A  mortr^c^iiw  jfe 

fins  atthe  tail^  and  proceeds  upwards  to  the  yita|jMrj| 
1(l^*of  this  kind have  been  found  at  PJynaoutb.io^Sfew^ 
iiampfliire.  W  different  ftagesof  ]uitrefaAion*  ^ 

tbtini  or  Cuttle  FidiXs  a  curtofity.  It  is furmfteji 
with  a  cyd  of  black  liquor,  which  is  a  tolerable  ibb^l- 
tute  for  ink.  This  it  emits,  when  pwrftted  bf  it^  fie- 
f»l€lfe.  Thc^moment  this  liquor  ijs  emitted,  th^  watef^ 
ibieconpes  like  athic^k,  black  cfoitd,  in  ^  eyei  of  iii 
fWtrfuer,  and  it  improves  ihis  op^K^rtunity  to  inake  iti 
^fcapi  This  cyft  of  Rquorappieatsidcfigned bylVoJ^ 
dence  folely  for  the  purpofe  of  peiibiial  defencfV  ai^ 
is  certainly  a  nfioflt  aipt  and  curious  contrivance^  The 
whalemen  call  the(^iifk.^f;i'««(r^  ^d  %  that  the|^ar6 
eaten  i^abondsince  by Tome  fpeciet  0f  is^alef,  ^  .  , 
In  addltioji  to  the  above  account*  Dr.  Belknap  in  liM 
Hiftory  pf  Mew-Hamy^ire,  has  jiiven  us  the  nsfim^  oi 
^^ilffcrentTjpeciesof  mfofts,  and  45  (p-ices  0*  Vi^rnjefc 
3jRir  names  may  be  found  alfo  in  tti<fc  Aito^rjlcan  Juti^ 
^^ai  Geography. 


—  rsus 


".71 


fa  deftruc? 


HeiSan,  fiy«  which  has,  of  late  years,  proven; 

tiveto  tbe>weat,invVi9U«parts  of  the  Uiuted%tace«» 

has  gei^eraliy  beea  fup|M>(ed  to  have  been  i|n{«|:fl^ 


' 


S^ 


?% ' 


§ti 


vmni. 


*'.'iuS|E'*° 


liriRi^tnia|  '^  -i^limtrti  itifea  it  fMkMy  • 

Pep^tkhH,  Wmpaair  iW  lAfiiAm^l    Aec(er<iiiigr  te 

llie  <ijfiffifl  taken  lif  6inl^  bf  Confih%»;  b  1790,  ike 

maa^^  df  Inh^bitantB  in  <he  "United  Statel  #  Ameriw 

'  ITM  t^\f  5i<^o,0(0b.     TThe  mtiRbcr  in  i^oo  wn 

"^Ipl^^i^  iniilti|»ly!ng  by  entimtions 

fron  Utrcipe,  at  well  a&  ^  nataral  inef  eafe.  The  A- 
iQer>«sMi  Stti>«y||k  is  t<mpB£pi  ai  gl«n6(t  all  nations, 
4anniages,,cWili^and  WnBoni,  wbick  Enroj^e  can 
fttMHi^  {  ^e|^eater  part,  1i<6#eTer,  are  dlfeendedi$>«a 
the  £tifl|lh(  ailfl  may,  perhaps,  be  diftiBgoifliingly 

'  ^e  fntilW' «£ fiaftes in 1 790, In iiU ^tftates,  was 
.   ,  #97)r^.    WWBio6,^^5,6o»^ 

^     /   F^dieralAl^cjrils  i^^  YarioBS 

'  ieotintries,  of  different  habits,  fot'incd  under  dtflerent 
^y^iifeat9,  and  of  dtff^ielt  languages,  cnftopts, 
ftumiitfri,  ««id  relfgioiii^  ban  not  yet  aiOnsilated  to  that 
ll^l  #  t*  fbfm  a'  natii6hal  chkTaaer.  We  are 
'  yet  an  infant  empiteitifing  faft  to  matar»ty,  with 
iiraj^eA  of  t  TigiilKms,  f  ow<^,  and  ffTpeaable  maa. 

*•  'WMSk^a^  hBMx0  is  nniverikHy  j^en-  hi  the 
^ft]|lsd^1ltate9,<l;ndp  It  bufine^Hs  tranfaifted,' and^he 
^oi^dsareltept.  Jt  isfpoken  with  gre»t\piifity,  and 
Oro^miced  wlth^  plopricty  in  New  England,  b^  pwf-- 
.^pMPcif  edu^!;ation ;  jand  excepting  f©ine  copiiptR^ns  m 
|ilinitociatioA,  by  m  ranWof  p^ple.  In  themid^e 
inid  fijfftherft  flates,  where  they  haTfr  had  a  *gteat  inflax 
(^foreigners,  the  langaageTln  m^y  Inftances,  is  cor- 
flipt«d«  t^<^ia%  hi  ^roiiilBci^tiort.  Aipmpts  as* 
itakiag  to  ikr<ldiicc"  I  cWfobnity  of  p^nnnciation 
^rdn^out  the  flutes,  whteh,  for  poU^cal  aA  wefl^  s|s 
4rhcr  ivafbas^  it^  hoped  wi^  meet  tli«  ap^robatiiin  "^ 
i&onrt|;ffment  of  id!  literatf'and  intuemta|ic|^- 


M'^ 


i^t^a"  ^.i^!!*:?^!-  tjdt. 


*X*S««i 


Battel 


ftt^Mt  Oeiwan^j 


th^i^ciei^  ^e  ^eScbtch 

|i|  i^  4iefgtm  thiirnattve 


and 


Swedes  andr 
IrMi,retlifiaPl|^ 


UNITED  STATES.       ^"^         .^^ 

toTji  ihcir  pttbUck  worfliip,  converfc  and  tranftft  their 
hiufifi«(«  with  each  other. 

^^  ^\^'''^^^^.^  ?  anticipated,  when  all  Jm- 
Moper  Aftvnaions  will  be  abolifhed  ;  and  when  the 
«ngU»g^  manners,  cuftoms,  political  and  reJi»ioa»  ftn- 
timenuofthe  mixed  jna(i  of  people  which  inhabit  the 
United  Sutes,  fliall  have  become  fo  aOimilated.  as  that 
all  nominal  diftinaionsOiall  be  loft  in  the  general  and 
•honourable  name  of  Americans. 

Governmnt.'}  Until  ^he  4th  of  July,  1776,  the  oref- 
^cnt  United  Slates  were  Britift  colonics.  On  that  mtm* 
>«rable  day,  the  Reprcfentaiives  of  the  United  SfcateW* 
p  GcngrefX  anTembled,  made  a  folemn  declaration! 
in  which  they  a%ncd  tl»eir  rcafons  for  withdrawing 
tlwir  allegiance  from  Creat  Britain,  sind  declared  thenS 
felvts i«*fc|&f»i*,/  At  the  fame  tiiiirihey  pubUftcd 
articles  of  confederation  an^  perpcftual  union  between 
die  ftatcs,  m  which  tliey  took  the  ftyle  of  The  Umittd 
rStaUs  ofAmtrm^  and  agirccd  that  ewh  Oate  ihonld  re- 
tain  Its  fpvereignty,  freedom  and  independence,  and 
every  power,  jurifdiaion  and  ng^t,  not  expfefcU  dele- 
gated to  Congrcfs  by  the  confederation. 

Thefe  articles  of  confederation    after  eleven    tcivs 
experience,  being  found  inadequate  to  the   purpofts  of 
a  federal  government,  delegates  wt re  chofentncadi  of 
the  Vwtcd  States  to  meet  and  fix  iipon    thenecrifarr^ 
amendments.     They  accordingly  met  at  Philadelphia, 
m  the  fummer  of  1787.  and  agreed  to  propoie  tic  Vrcfl 
entConaitution  of  the  tfiuted  States  for  the  ^smMm 
tion  of  their  ConftitueRts.     It  was  foon  adopted  ftt^iflj 
the  thirteen  ftatea.     Vermont,  Kentucky,  Tenneffee  atid 
2fe     .  I  ^i^"  ""^^"^Til  members  of  the  Union.    The 
Miflifippi,  Indiana  and  Michigan  Territory,  with  Louifi- 
ana,  are  diftma -oveitiments,  under  the  confthution  of 
the  United  States.  ..     .* 

Agrictiture,  Commerce  and  Manufailuret.l  The  thrak*' 
important  objeCI*  of  attention  iri  the  United  Slates.  ^tM 
^gnc^ture,  commerce  and  manufailures.  The  rich! 
Qffr  cC the   foil ,  wliich    amrJr    iw^r'^o  th^    l"^^Trff.,r- ■.. 

!fi^«n  J  the    temperature  of  tfce  climate,  j*icK 

!2?#^*%^^^''»  the  cheapnefs  of  Jan J^aifch 
Btkift*  li^jg^cr  from  his  native  home,  lead  iw  to 


'^'i'-f' 


ft  •  UNITED  STATES. 

-fix  on  agriculture  as  the  prefent  great  leatting  infcereft  of 
this  country.  This  furuiOiet  outward  cargoes  nol  only 
for  alt  our  own  fl>ip»»  but  for  thofe  alfo  v^ich  foreign 
nations  fend  to  our  ports  >  or,  in  other  word*,  it  pays 
foridl  our  importations  ;  it  fupplics  a  great  part  of  the 
clothing  of  the  inhabitants,  and  food  for  them  and  then- 
cattle.  What  is  confnmed  |t  home,  including  the  ma- 
terials'for  manufaAuring,  is  lour  or  live  times  the  value 
of  what  is  exported . 

The  number  of  people  emjjloyedin  agriculture,  is  at 
lead  three  parts  in  'four  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Unit- 
ed States:  fome  fay  more.  Itfolk>w8  ofcouffe  that 
they  form  the  body  of  tlie  militia,  who  are  the  bulwark 
of  the  nation.  The  value  of  the  property  occupied  by 
agriculture,  is  many  times  greater  than  the  property 
employed  in  every  other  way.  Agriculture  is  the 
fprhng  srf"  our  commerce,  and  the  parent  of  our  manu- 
ia&ures. 

The  vaft  extent  of  fea  coaft,  which  fpreads  before 
thtfe  confederated  States  tlie  number  of  excellent  har- 
liourS) and fea-pprt  towns;  tfa^  numerous  creeks  and 
immenfe  bays  which  mdent  die  coaft  ;  arid  the  rivers, 
lakes  and  canaW,  which  peninfnlate  the  whole  country  ; 
added  to  its  agricultural  advantages  and  improvements, 
give  thisjpan  of  the  world  fuperiour  advantages  for 
tr%3e.  Our  commerce,  includmg  our  exports,  hnports> 
ihipping,  manufaAures  and  fiflicries,  «^ay  properly  be 
confidered  as  forming  one  intereft.  Tliis  has  been  con- 
iidered  as  the  great  oblefl.  and  the  mod  importmt  in- 
tteroft  of  die  New-£nglai>d  States. 


«> 


M 


m 


UNITSD  aTAT£9. 


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not  only 
foreign 
<t  It  pays 
irt  of  the 
ind  their 
;  the  ina- 
he  value 

ire,  is  at 
>e  Unit- 
ffe  thart 
bulwark 
apied  hj 
property 
re  is  the 
IT  mano- 

is  before 
tlent  har^ 
eeks  and 
be  rivers, 
country  ; 
ivements, 
ages  for 
f  imports^ 
perly  be 
been  con- 
orttuit  in- 


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^00 


UNITED  STATES; 


The  eacp(«s  of  ths  United  States  are  fent  t&thm  itk. 

ny.  trance,  Spain,  Portugal JtaMan^?s^*dMor^^^ 
The  greater  proportion,  to  Great-Britain  ^d line? 

ManuTafiures.-]    Severaltmportant  Wand^s^  mJ... 
ufaaures  have  been  attemptedUrtbTuni^^^ 

m^  "Tr^^r^'r    0?Vhefe  the%io;^'4  ^ 
moft  confidcrable,  vii Of  SJH^r    tr,JZ  j  "«  *^"  '"« 

»Xu  A  *  '""'*"8'  •nchors,  fcale  beams  an* 
m&r  oTT"J  "S^  °f  ""ificers  i  arms  of  di^; 
™t  liads.  Of  »Wrf-fl„ps,  cabinet  wares  and  turnerr. 
wool  and  ««tea  eyds,  and  «b.,  macfein^  for  S 
fa^ur«  and  hufl>andr,y.  maAematical  infouST 
cooprs  wares  of  every  kind.  Of  flax  and  ^T^ 
eabes  fail  cloth,  cordage  twine  a-ffl  p«k:hrt1"''«. 
C%^,cb,,idcoarf.t,le.,andpotten'  wares.  A^ 
dent  fpjrits  ajd  rnalt  liquor,.      Writing  and  nriniii 

Jers  or  prefs  papers,  and  paper  hangin«.      Hats  rffor 
mi?r°'  ^  r«'"«  of  both.  %LenH&^I^i. 
mk.fl.oes.     Rehned  lugars.    Cbocolate.     Oil  of  ant 
TrZL       7i    'J°^^'  Tpermaceti  and  tallow  caadles  , 
copper  and  brafs  warei.  particularly  urenfik  for  diftifc 

in  ^Tk^^T  ??'*.'"•'*'"'  '^■^o^  and  other, 
arude.  for  honfehold  ufe ;  j:locks,  philofophical  aoDa- 
ratus,  tin  Ware,  of  alwoft  all  ki^ds  for  Mdin^  We^ 
carriage,  of  all  kind. ,  ftu£F.  chewing  LfmoW^'^,^ 

«i«J  ."".*  "'"'  '«'*P'"'der  :  la4bU.k  ™5T,h^ 
painters' colours ;  gtmpowder.  »  »uiu> 

BeCdes  the  manufafture  of  thefe  articles,  which  ai« 

""'"!l":,*  ??^fe!^i.'^8'^«.<'f  mawrity.We  is  a 
»r--  T"''  ^1  "■*-;-**'«*»*  *«4*aaiactunng,  which  contrib-  v 
ThefeToLi?^'^^  to^  iupply  of1l«  community. 
i^^.?i?^**    .  mMJuMurcs  are  proftcuted  »  weU  in 
ibwfimth«;i^asm  the  njidcafe  wd  Roi^ 


UNiTEa  STATES.  '      ,,t, 

OT«nt!tiM  of  coarfc  cloths,  coatings,  ferges  and  flaands. 
lin&j  woolftys,  hofiery  of  woorcottSn  and  ™aA 
CMrfe  futtians,  jeans,  and  muflins,  checked  and  nrioS 
~tton.ad1!ne»  goods  bedticks,  coverlets  .ndlo^X, 
J^S^mT. '"'"''  "oafft  ftirtings,  ffieetines,  towelling 
^d  table  Imen,  u^  varibus  mixwres  of  wof U„d  cS 

Sd  if  ™ ''"°"-  r ''"'  "«  "•»<"  » '^^  l.ouf'hoW^^ 
fc,r?*"^  "f*?«»  «"""'  extent,  not  only  fufficient- 
for  the  fupply  of  the  families  in  which  the/arenude 
but  forlUe  and  even  „  fome^afesforexpomtfon        ' 
XIK  following  articles,  though  mamifaflured  in  a  left 
extenOve  degree  andfomeofthem  in  Icfs  perfeaion 
ought  to  be  added ;  gold,  filver,  pewter,  leadfllrffand  • 
tone  wares  of  many  kinds.book,  in  various  lafguag^ 

tans,  ploughs,  and  all  other  implements  of  huftindrv 
Some o£th.fe are ftiU  in  their irfancy, asare o4St 
enumerated,4,«  which  are  attended  w  thfavourab  e  cfr 
.cumftances.  There  are  otherarticles  Jfo  Jfv^y^It 
'Z'^:i:^T^,  .('hoagh  ftrlaiy  fpeaking,'mrnK 
£^,15^  ^  u*^' H^""8  '""ediately  connefled uith 
hwftandry  rfuch  are- flour  and  meal  of  all  kindl«,t 

^fffrr  Strcngth.-i  StimKng  armies  in  time  of  peace  • 
Our  mSr^  '"confOient  with  a  Repi-blican  go,=„^e„u 
Our  mihtary  Arength  lies  in«  weU  difciplined  militia 
conning  of  upwnrds  of  800,000.     Of  thcH^re^  „'^ 
poruonare  vvell  diftipUued/veteran  troop.     £"£ 
w.kmgdom  m  Europe  can  bring  into  the  field  an  armT" 
rfcqual  numb|.s,more  formidable,  than  can  beS 
mhe  United  States     The  cpnvuUid  Hate  of  the  wor  d 
Md  particularly  the  hoftile  attitude-  and  condSl  rfd^e 
Eumpean  t«t,ons  with  which  4hts  country  is  mott  cfn^ 

»W Army  for.oKT fecurityand defence.     Thisa^vi 
sow  reduced  to  a  peace  eftabliOmwnt.  '""""?« 

^lzz-::5Ir>!f:i-'i±  _'•'■=  r.^<.e  of  .b.  u„it- 

««^ed7„-th7u„Ters;rs.Tnd"rr:^4d°'"'?''' 

wa«s  and  merchandise,  and  "fiom  ^n  Sn  vfrTotl 
articles  of  confumpcien  J  amounting,  in  ii,c.wT,n!f' 


l^^ 


tmrmD?  sTA.Tm^ 


f7ctg,    The £ig)enditiire^rifce  war  1,114;   t  Att,  m^^ 

UehtofUu  United  Stmtti A    At   tlic  c\t£\f  .U. 
1794.  the  debk  of  the  Uai.^  StLl^^Ijltt^ 

3Dha<>  to  Fi^^e, 

I^ue  to  Amaeriim  ^A  Antwerp 


WP*»?25»54^  7<^* 


W.«;,.«iii.goldai)dffl»er;theottortliree  fourths    ia 

'  «S.r?mf  *; """'""^^  of  the  Waited  Staurwhicfr 
-ttheumeofpajrmew,  bears  an  atcruins  intereft  o« 
6pertent  per  annum.  Two  miUions  oftb"!f«pij^f 
ftook  of  ten  mfllions,  wa.  fofifcribed  by  the  RreS  Tn 

l.n')!'    .y  ^«g>n>i«ig  of  December,   lygf,   thc«^ 

wounrof  I»"rl,  /T'  ""?""''  t»lf  cent5,to.he  a- 
"louat  ot  4J3,J4,  dollars  and  30  cents,     fo  r8o«  th^ 

ii  cents,  of  which  j-58,377  dollars  80  cent?  wereofKold--- 

la^hO^,^^      f     v^"^'"^"^'"'^  ''""  refpefling    an,  • 
cftabl^meni  of  rel,gmn,  or  prohibiting  the  f«e  %xer" 

fl,  j'^"V..^^.''.i?:i!'=.  «"/««it.ons  of  the  refpeai,c 
ti>;. ii.'"''"""  KOCTtyisa  ronuamciua!  principle.  In- 
from?.!/'?'  """■'*',•  "'"■  g'"'"'"»™t  i<r*  dilHngBilh.4 
from  that  of  every  other  nation.     RfKgicn  here  1  ol7r 

r.«iled  atd.of  th;  «7il  poiver,  it  is  l-ft  to  be  fupportcd! 


1E^llri«I^D  STA/PESI 


tof 


b7%  fJlTB^dMic^  fey  the  Kves  «f  fts  pf^ftflbw,  anrf' 
tticalnnghty  careof  its  Divine  Author. 
AUbelni^  left  at  libertf  to  choofe  tKefn  own'  re- 

•!!?"'  2^P*^?K^.«»*»  might  camyb«  ftppofed^  have  va. 
ned'  m  their  choice,  'm  hvAb  of  the  peoplelwould  dt- 
nominate  themftlves  Ghrifthns  ,  a  fmalltproportbn  of 
them  are  >ws ,  fome  plead  the  fiiffitieiiy^aturai: 
religion,  and  rejear  revelation  as  unnecefiary^d  fabu- 

mis  ,  and  many_  we  hm  reafon  tobeMove,  have  yet 
their  religion  to  choofe.    Ghrimwrsproftfs  their  religion- 
nnder  variow  forms»  and  with-d$ffcrent  ideas  of  itsdoe- 
trine.,  ordmancwandprecepts.    The  folfowing  denom-    - 
inationsof  chriftjans  are  more  6r.  lefs  numerous  in  tSe^i 
Uhited  S^te?^  viz.  Gongregationalifts,    P^cftirteriins. 
Dfttch  Reformed  Church,  4'iftopalians,BaptXrQ«^ 
kersor  PrienA.,Methodifti,  Roman  Catholic^  gS 
Luthtpran.,  German  GalVioife  or  Preftyterians.  Mora" 
TiawiTtinfcersi  Mennonifts,  Umver&Iifts,  and  Shakers. 

JJwT^-^i^'^u*?  ^soi^inally  peopled  by  uncivu 
H»*ed  nat«ohB,whicb  bred  moftly^  by  hunting  and  fifhing. 

m  Europeans,  who  firft"  vifited  thefc  fhores,  treati^ 
the  natives as^ wild  beafts  of  theforeft,  whiclihai^nl 

pi:«pertyin  the  woods  where  tliey  roam^ '  planted  the 

ftandardsof  their  refpe<a»vemafters  where  theyfirfc  land, 
ed^  and  m  their  names  claimed  the  countrv  hy  .rhhi  e»/^* 
difc^vcry.  Pnor  to^ny  fetclement  in  North-Americi 
numerous  titles  of  this  kind  were  acquired  by  the  Eng- 
li(hi  French^,  Spanifh'  and  Dutch  na^rigators^who  c^me  - 
h.ther  fortfcepurpofcs  of  filing  and  frading  with  the 
natives  Slight  asfuch  titles  were,  they  were  aftenvard*. 
T^^rK^lcT  ^;'"55^^'«»  b«t^^"^  the  European  nations, 

r,i  1  •K-"'^ '^'^''"'  P""''=* °^^^^  laidclaim  to  the. 
fame  trad  of  country,  becaufc  both  had    difcovered  the 
ame  river  or  promontory  ;  or   becau/c  the  extent  of 
Iheir  refpcdive  claims  were  Indeterminate. 

In  proponioh  to  the  progrc's  of  popirfation,and  the- 
growth  of  the   American  tracie.  -  the  jealou/ies  of  the- 

ZT^'J^li^^t^"^^^'  ?^^y  'J^^----"   and  fettle.  ■  _ 

,       ,„      c«au  vvcrc  aiarmcU  ;  ancient  claims  wer«.  M 

revived  ;  and  cadi  power  took  meafti  res  toextend  and  ' 

acwe  .cs  own  pofTeffion  at  the  expenfe  ofa  rival; 

^Lilff  T^^'^'""^  P?^"''  ^^'"^    ^^'^^CJon  of  open  wars 

natians.     In- 1739,,  war  was  ■ 


-  —  '>••  «.u    1^1  V/H  bV 

fe^tweeiithe  contend- ng 


•^ 


wrrE0ST2rrwi 


pwdai^ied  b«twcen  England  and  SpaiQ,  which  wa«  ttiw 
mmated  bythe  tnj^ty  of  pt?ape,  fignedat  Aix  ladha. 
p«?lle,  by  which  rcftitution  was  ia«de  oa  both  fides,  of 
aUplacestakenduiingthcwar. 

?cace  howcwr  was  of  (hort  duration.  In  i.7c6  a  war 
commenced  between  the  Frencfe  and  English,  in  which, 
the  Anglo.  Americans  were  deeply  concerned.      This 
war  was  concluded  by  the  treaty  of  Paris,  Jn   176a 

i^rom  this  period,  peace  continued  till  the  igthof 
April,  i77;5  when  hoftilities  began  between  Great- 
gritain  and  America.    At  LexingUn  was  fpilt  the  £r/l 

'  ^ffrTJ)^  memoirAhU  .«rar ;  a  war  that  fevered  Arner- 
ca;  irom  the  Britiih  empire. 

H^re  opened  the  HrO:  fcene    in  the  great  drama,, 
which  m  its^  progrefs  exhibited  the  moft   illuftrious 
!««''«       I*"."*  events,  and  clofed  with  a  revolution, 
equally  glorious  for  the  aftors  and  important  in  its 
confcquences  to  mankind.  George  Washing  on,EAi 
anative  of  Virginia,  was  appointed  by  the  continental 

Sln^^  5-ft?^*'T*5"'*  ?*.  American  army.  He  had 
been  a  diftmguiflicd  and  fuccefsful  officer  in  the  pre- 
ceding war  with  the  French,  and  feemed  deftinedhr 
Heaven  to  be  the  faviour  of  his  country.  He  accepted 
the  appointment  with  that  diffidence  which  was  a  proof 
;  of  fats  prudence  andhis  greatnefs.  He  refufed  any  pay 
for  eight  years*  labonc  js  fervice  j  and  by;  his  matehlefs 
ncill,  fortitude  and  perferverance,  was  inftmmental,  ua, 

fr!JK!w''!f«''*i  •"  ^^"^^'^J^K   America,  through  inde-^ 
fcpbable  difficulties,  to  mdepeadence  and  peace?  While 
triie  merit  is  eftcemed^  or  virtue  honoured,  mankind 
wilUever  ceafe  to  revere  the  memory  of  this   Hero: 
and  while  gratitude   remains  in   the  human  breaft,  the 

praifes  of  WA^HiNGTON.will  dwell  on  every  American^ 
tongue.,  ' 

In  i77^>a^eatyofalHanccwascntered  into  between. 
1' rance^andj^merica,  I>y  which  we  obtained  a  powerful 
a%  Mjho  affifled  in  eftabliihing  the  independence  of  the. 
United  States  of  x^merica, 

^  On  the  30th  of  November,  i78i.  the  nrovlAonal  Ir- 
bucs^ot  peace  were  ligned  at  Paris,  by  wju^  Great. 
Brttam  acknowledged  the  independence  and  fi»vewamty 
of  the  ■United  States  of  America  :  aad  thefe  arWes,. 
tlK&ilowiBg  year,  were  ratifi,,d  fey  a  defiaitivc  treaty. 


-.#*- 


'  >(,:>* 


,^  .^ 


UNITES.  STATM* 


iq^v 


^  jon,  of  jMpney.  with  a  hm^M  dmfku  kvu^^ 
won  nothing.  America  endured  mrr  crneltj^ 
ha.dft»p  fi^Whet  inveterate  enemies  I  If^n^^S^, 
and  mueh  th^ure  ;  but  gtorie«fl^  de Kve«d  LrSf^ 

From  the  coaclofi^of  the  war  to  the  eftablifliment 
tf  the  New  Co«ftitutkm  of  Government  im7«8,tfci. 

r^ents  from  the  extraragant  importation  of  foreltfn. 

WMimeft  aad  other    defeds  of  the  geiieral    goi.«rru. 

On  the  3d  of  March,  if9g^  the  deldgart^Yroni  the- 
eleven  ttates  which  at  that  ti.^'e  had  rtrtified  ihrcona^: 
tytion  affi-mbled  at  New-YorJc»  where  a  eoi^enUm  ^ 
d^^tbmldlng  had  been  pi^aredibrthel^S^ 
dat.on.     On  openm^  a»«^cmint^  iJw  vm^  for  i»rffe 
dent  It  was  found  that  GEORGE   WAS-HlNGToS: 
^iisunammu/Ij^hacd  to  that  dignified  office,  and  thal^ 
John  Adams   was  chofen  Vice-Prefident,       The  an! 
nuncrationofthe  choice  of  the  firft  and  fecoiw!  mJ J. 
tratesofthe  United  States,  occafioneda  genetardifl 
fufion  of^y  among  the  friend*  of  the^  Union,  awlfut 
k  evmqed  that  tHef?,  eminent  chata^ers  we^    ^ 
choree  of  the  people.  "?.    »i»c_ 

On  these*  of  April,,  7«9,  Gborcb  WAimnof  on. 
^as  inaugurated  Tre^.deht  of  the  United  Statwpf 
America,  m  the  city  of  New.Vork.  The  ceremony  w^i 
performcdjn  the  open  gallery  of  the  Federal  HaL  m 
theview  of,  n^ny  thoufandfpeftatots.     Theoalh  waT 

CMmftaaces  concurred  to  render  the  fcenc  Wmfually  fol, 
emn  ,  the  preW  of  the  beloved  Father  and  Miw 
of  h,8<:ouiitry  ,  th.  impreffipn^ of  gratituckj  for  hiswft 
fcrvic<»  ,  the  vaftconcourfe  of  fpeftators  .  th.  d-~* 
lervescr  wip  wiricfi  ie  repeated"  the  oath,  and"t^' 
^;^jm«dman^^  whiSihe  bowed  Ja  W  Lt 
crea  Y«^  ,  tbefe  arcumftances*  together  with  that 

»^»*ad  jferiiapsm  the  world,  by  the  unanimow  nk^    . 


Ti^^-i 


^: 


-/ 


io4 


UmTED  STATES. 


oCmore  than  three  millions  of  enlightened  fntrntn^  ^ 
•onfpir^d  to  place  this  among  the  moft  avguft  and'  in*- 
terefting  fcenes  which  have  erer  been  exhibited  on  this 
globe.*  i>*- 

1  The  meafures  of  the  federal  government  early  after 
its  adoption,  were  pnarked  with  wifdom,  and  were  pro« 
d»aiveo£  great  national  profperity.  The  eftablifh- 
ment  of  a  revenue  and  judiciary  fyftem,  and  of  a  na- 
tional bank  ;  the  aSiinptioaof  the  debts  of  the  indi- 
▼idual  dates,  and  the  encouragement > giventomanu-^ 
fa^ures,  commerce,  literature,,  and  to  ufcfol  inventions, 
gave  peace,  union  and  increafing  refpeftability  to  the 
American  ftates.  In  March,,  1801,.  a  change  of  ad- 
mintftration  tookplape,  tjie  wifdoro  of  which  remains. 

ujjo^  proved  by  experience. 

^f^rmnd Divi/ionsoftieUmttd.St(itisJi  The  Ameri* 
FfAK  RspuBLicKftOf  which  we  have  given  a  gencr;d„ 
I  account,  confifts   (exdufive   of   Loutfiana)  of  three 

/  grand   divifions,  denonioated  the  Northern,  or  rnqre 

f  pnptrly  EaJiffeo»Middk  axkdSatuitrM  Stattss. 

',     The/z^diviapa  (the  Northern  or  Eaftern  States)^ 

,    iiDmprehends.  -  ' 

i  '-^         VxaMONl^  .     IHASSCAHVSETTft, 

>lEW>HiMP«HI|,»         '  Rh09e4sLAND 

District  OF  Mains-         ,  CeMUJiCTicuT. 

(belonging  to  MaiTachufetts) 
Thefe  are  called  the  New-England  States  and  com* 
''    prehend    that  part  of  America,  which,  fi'nce  the  year/ 
;     1614,  has  been  known  by  the  name  of  New-England.  ^ 

•  «  It  ftemed,  from-the  auaiber  of  witheffa*"  f«id  a  fpc^ator 
•f  the  fccnr,  '^'to  be  afolemn  appeal  t* bcaven  anri  earth  at  once. 
Wpbn  the  fubjeA  of  this  great  and  gtfkl  man,  I  may,  perhapa,  be 
aa  entbufi^i  huti  confefslwaa  undecan  awful  and  rcliflioai 
pcrfuadon,  that  the  gracious  Rulec  of  the  f|iiiveirfe  was  lo^i;)*. 
dowQ  at  that  momeoi:,  with  peculiar  complacency  on  an  aA,  which 
to  a  part  of  his  creatures  was  fo  veiry  important.  Under  this 
tnpreifion,  M>henthe  Chancellor  prouoiyncedi  in  a  very  feeling 
sainner, ««  Long  liye  Gaoitot  Washikj^ton,"  my  ftnfi^lity  ^as.  4 
wound  up  to  fuch  a  pitch,  that  I  could  do  no  mote  than  wave  > 
my  hat  with  the  reft,  without  the  power  of  joining  in  the  rt- 
peated  acclamations  wlkich  rent  the  air.**  Oh  the  X4th  of  De- 
ccinbicr,  i^yy,  Uc^enit  Washington  departed  this  life  at 
Mount  Varnon,  ia'ih*  Wthyearof  his  age^andall  tbcpeoi)le 
•f  America  laotirftcd  for.  kim  many  days,  wilh  »  very  wcufc 
viPuriOng. 


i  and   in*. 
id  OQ  this 

rly  after 
wfxi  pro* 

cftablifh- 
ofa  na- 

the  indi- 
to'manu-' 
tTchtions, 
ity  to  the 
fe  of  ad- 

remaliis 

Amerw 
general, 
of  three 
or  m^re; 

i  States)^ 

r-  ■ 

ind  coiii» 
the  j&a:\ 
Snglaad.  f» 

fp€<aator 
h  at  onee. 
rrhapg,  be 

rdigiotti 

K^.whick 
Jnder  this 
rv  feeling 

haoMrave  > 
Q  the  re- 
th  of  Dc- 
s  iffe^  ar 
he  people 
rery  ^aife 


NEW.ENGLAND.  ^^ 

^  The>;«^avifion  (the  Middle  Sutcs)  coraprehendi 
Nbw-York  Ohio 

PeNNfvivAHiA  MiCHioAM  TwaiTow; 

,,,    Delaware 

The  //&/W  divifiojl  (the  Sonthcrri  States)  comprehends 
-    Maryland  Tenkbssze 

ViRoriiiA      ^  South.Carolina 

/KENtoc«Y    ^  Georgia 

^?A>^":^*'*OLINA  M1S8ISIPPI  TSRRITORT- 

.  -  Of  thefe  we  ftafl  treat  in  their  order. 

' .  '■  I  '  ''■    '  ' 


NEW-ENGLAND, 

'  COMPREHENDING    THS 

ITORTHERN  OR  EASTERN    STATES. 


N-  SkTUATION  AND  BOWITDARIES. 
EW-ETOLANP  is  bounded  north,  by  Lower 
Canada ;  eaft,  by  tJjeBritifli  Province  of  New- 
Brunfwick,  ijd  the  AtlantickOcean ;  fouth,  by  the  fame 
Vcean,  and  Long  Mand  Sound  ;#eft,  by  the  Sute 
circle^  ft  ««  in  the  form  of  a  quarter  of  a 

CHmateand  Difiafes.-}  New-England  has  a  very 
healthful  chmate.  -4It  is  eftimatecT  that  about  one  in 
leven  6f  the-nhabitants  live  to  the  age  of  70  yean  ; 
and  about  one  in  thirteen  or  fourteen,  to  80  years  and 
upwards.  ' 

-.1,  ^-^II^  *^°??»«'T  commences,  in  its  feverity,  about 
the  middle  <rf  December  ;  fometimes  earlier,  aiidforae- 
times  not  till  chrrflmas.    Cattle  are  fed  and  houfed,  \m 

^^"x'It '**  ?^'''  ""^  New-England,  from  about  the 
iotb  of  Novcmoer,tothe  20th  of  May  j  in  ihefotthcm 
parts  not  qtoite  io  leng. 

<r^S~:t^'T\  "***  "*'«^^«^a»  ^«at  "in  other  countries, 
^«  rl?.  "?  iS?'  accj>rding  to  their  wealth  or  indigence. 
mo  three  claflt^  j   ifee  opulent,  the  middling,  and^e 


/ 


/*> 


io8 


n^w^E^Ql.mx^. 


f 


i 


\ 


'hi.... 


i^ 


1  J»  HHcrtBKdiate  claTi  i«  below  ^hoft  indukendes ivhirh 

yfcidilhe^unfo.j«mte  pfK>r  fall  vfei^.  ,  thTTs  there, 
fore  the  happidt  divifion of  the  thm.      Of  therkh 

ff^rn."^  f"*T'"   ^«P"bM^k  ^^riiiflies  a  much 
fm^cr  proportioo  than  any  other  diftria  of  the  known 

J!S  .ti  ^;?^^^  partittjlarly,  the  diftrihuiion  of 
wealth  and  kt  ^comittfais  is  mo>%  equal  than  clfc- 
where.  andjhjrcfore,  asfar  as^xcefs  or  want  of  wea^^ 
""flrT^l^^"*^*^^^'  faluuiry  to  Kfe.  iheinhabi" 
ants^of  to  ftate  mayTplead  e«tt^io„.frUi  difeafts?' 
What  thi.  writer  fays  <5f  Conneaicnt  in  particular!  wrfl, 
J];j.'°^^«'3^  ^ew  exceptions,  a^^^  ^ 

,    -Face  p/ fie  Vountry,  MouH^^^^^  Ncw-Endand 

^     Jf » J^fytand  »n  fome  parts., a  mduntaiaous  co#ntrY. 
iormed^by  nature  to  be  inhabited  by  a  hardy  race  2' 
free,  independent  «^p«blteis.       The  Wantiini  gS 
coroparati velf^  Imali, ,  ru&g  nearly  north  and  r6uth 
<nrf(tees  parallel  to-  each  other.    «etwee«  thefe  ridges, 
flowi^e  greM  riverain  ma/eftick  Oleanders,  meiitJ 
ifee  mnt»inerablerfi^iilets  and  lai^er  ftrearos  which  pr^'P 
ceed Jrom  the  m<juntains  on  each  fide.    *Po  a  fpeHatcf^^ 
on  the  top  oia   neighbouring  mountiiri,  the  Vales  be- 
twcen  the  ndges,  while  in  a  l^ate  6f  nature  exhibit  a 
rottantiGk  appearance.    They  fcem  an  ocean  oJ-woods, 
fweHed  an4<leprefred  in  Its  furface    like  i3iat  lof  Sie 
great  ocean  itfeif.        A  richer  fhoogh  lefs  rbttiantick 
viewisprefented,  when  the  valUes*  by  indtoftrious  hnf. 
bandmen,  liave  been  cleared  of  their  natural   i^owtli  t 
«nd  the  fruit  of  their  labour  appeal*  in  loaded  iSbkrdl 
estenfiire  meadows,  covered  with  large  herd«.of  fteS 
aod  neat  cattle,  and  rich  fi^Jds  of  flax,  c<Jni,  and  Ac 
.   TanottS  kindsiijf grain. 

I       Thefe  vallies  arc  oT  various  bread^'s,  froiai  two   t« 
i  twenty  miles  ;  and  by  the  annual  inundaliohs  of  the 

rivers'and  Waller  ftreams,  which  flow  throuch  them. 

jneieis   frequently  an  accmpufetion  of  ricb^fetM 
'  kft  up»Q  their  fwface  when  the  waters  retire. 
■.  ^ —  .     '      '     '       ■       ■'-  %f- 


\  •  th*  rocks  in  temantick  c^aj^'fl'  *^  ™  "«  '"« 

and  hemp,  gm.SJ'fa^^i^"'*^  ^J^k^fe".  te  - 
.pufttrj^,  ^t  e,,  the  ^^  J'i^^^^P"^  °f^*4  »^^^ 

New-Enfrlahd  is  ft  ^kifclik.     •  - 

f«h.ineadoworiiiLvTlS.r^^     .^  '"™*  **  ' 
gcawHy  afeS- !"?„?""«'  w«b  cWer,  a„J 


ir^ 


VW^WOLmD. 


^^ir^ittU  t  Ui4  the  C0I4  wiiatcr  is  ipentfai  dealtttg 

i^%>v^vicrl  afaUfifJ^nK  eorapittfatfon  to  the  1|on<it  and 
|n4«||rtQiis  farmer     Buttdraad  cYiflft  4f«  xn^for  et- 


:'^ 


ilie  farins  #kich  cEef  ciiftiraie.  diey  ate  nataraQr  all  at* 

tacltii4  Hitlieur  ^u:i\tf|rr  tlue'cujti^^^^     pftlieibainakci 

Ihtm^rotliift  i(n4Ke^  to; 4if«ii<i  i^ 

KfWr]£n|;lAn4  ihaf*  %^  ^ftltd^  ai  mi^* 

l»art«  <^t)^  Uitii^d  $cate^^ 

nUinMri  of  mem  fintc  tb6  wa^,  bavi  «n^gi|ciif  ib^d^ 
no^«rn;»ni  t^^^^r^  Yprk^^moK^ucjI^andtiBeWeft^ 
«ro  Tfrritory*  aj|4  |ato  t>i$orgia,  an4loia«  ar^fcatt^red 
kaoxytitr  i^at«,«i4c»cry  fbw»|>f  notfc  ia  the  tliEiicn^ 

^jf  i>f£bili|h  4^<Qt  f  JM,!^  II  oMjstff  tfaii  ctrciiiii- 
ftance^li&^  ixK^g^  jHf^gtfipc^^m^^ 
Uen  pai4  la  (e^iicaUQ!|»  tliat^'^^:  £  lanjgpaiie  :^ 

hetik  ];n>£%vi|4amin^Q;tein  £^^  > 

In  NeWf^|ii^«lli4LTear^,^^    f^pregenci^aifff  direct 
amppg  JiU  «iiaj^pC|i(^o|^  other  part  of  the 

tthkt  I   k^v^g  '^m:  W»e  eJtfeif Uei^   if^bhflimeht^of 
M^)k  In  aluwa-ef trf  tovniffii^  att4  final&r  dift|ii^.l'' 

lui  t^efe  fthoQUf  whichait  generally  fuppbrte4  hf  a 
linb^cli  tax,  aiu^iinder  1^^^  dire^ion  of  afcbool  icomibit* 
^liJiTf  ^u^tthe  ^IfQients  of  readingt  writing  and 
ar'^OMi^clt.^  aiuti  iiifheinqre  v<i^^i|^  tov7ii»,^fe^^^  a^^ 
begianing  to  mtrodoco  tho^gjbtt- j)i»ii£hes/V^  graiA- 
ii>ar,||p[)gra|Ayr&c./  ^;-..:'^:  J;;^,  ■:-;.,, 

A  yery  valuable  fource  of  i&fofmaiion  to  the  j>eopW» 
is  the  |^e«^|>ap£rs,  oi  Vhtch  not  lefs  than  thirty  thmii-. 
fand.areprint#4e^ecy  week  io;New-£ng}an4>  andcfreW 
late  in  almQft  evety  town  and  yillige  In  the  couQtiy^JP 

♦  \i«cbidiag  to  im  ieconrte  efttniite»  nUdc  ten  f<sr«  iM.it.«ppMnt! 

A  tl»  n  79«eoo4icVrItMper«  wcr^  printed  weekly  in  the  A  merkandtAtpi  i 

■flft,* .yMft  M?w%^f°?WP' ^ gpyiaf^  gf  f(»i»  nuilfons ;  and,  xt  (amctftSbi 

,  .    .     *     '  ■.-' 

'.'.,•      :       .  I  y  ■        -..-'■■  -*'i 

%  ■ '  '■ .        •■■■      ^''''''     :  ..^:, 


^A  |^H&^  <ir  itolire  9«e  who  canwit  b^  read  ah<i 

i^f}^^  y^  ^  m  filled  fe  BbftMid,  JbT  0)1 

yj^^r  1^4  ?^i%M  aiwr  kawr  detotnlr 

%!#;^  a>*«a  WpQlidel.  by  ;|  fitem  ZtiriSta 
!?Sl*^  aU  fobfat€  tliercb/  m.km*  lt%^& 

iDTcinpur  for ^  firff y^w.    Thw  wis  oil  th<5   i  itT  cJ 
Nftf ember,  i6iro.  /^ 

fr  Jifiv^*'f**''JJ^  "^^f  5<»  ?« <».*  conveniem  place  for 

teri^ttaierou,  d.%u1tics,  add  to  fulTer  incrcdrble  baiy- 
fhips.  Many  otthct^  w«e  fick  in  cottfe4uence  of  tlic 
tatigaes  of  a  long  voyage  ;  their  provifions  were  bad  r 
tfte  ieafon  wai  uncommonly  cold ;  the  Indians,  thoB^li 
afterwar48  friendly,  were  now  hoftile  ;  and  tbcy  wire 
^acquainted  witb  die  coaft.  tbefe  di^culticTs  djer 
furmoumed,  and  ^n  the  $lft  of  December  they  were  aU 
iafely  landed  at.a  p  ace,  which,  in  grateful  commemcK 
Wfaon  of  Plymouth  ,n  England,  the  town  whichthey  laft 
*«ft  "»*««•  awe  land,  t^ey  called  PIjmotaAt  vL  i« 
>J?"^  r"^*'"*  *^^^  '^*^  ^«  ^««led  in NewEftriand. 

^s.  Rieif  fituation  was  diftreffing,  and  their  pi 
pea^  truly  difmal  and  diftouraging.  Their  nc^ 
i«ighboars,  except  the  Mttves,  were  a  fr^u^^ 


'^^■jocr^ 


■•-yr-, 


irs 


KEWif^LaNl 


]»rat  at  Port  Royal,  urn  me  of  the  Englifh  at  ViVffimw. 

fISftS     w&"J^i  '^*^''''^  *«y  tii#ia  their  e*i. 

ortMMffi^t»Nfl|,^*N:a&^ 

—fatigued  by  tMr  Jong  and  boiaenms  voyatte^-aifon. 

pointed.  iljroBgJ^the^a^hcr,  of  lh«ir  commandfr»^ 

known  jhere,  m  thi;  JK^jin^  of  *  col|  wwitr-0»^ 
rou^^wth  lM^le;Nrbari=in«;  witfeoSt'^c^e^ 

<«>Ml;^n<|5*^witIjottta  patwt^withoiitaiiiiWic^  nrom- 
He  0*  the  peaceable/enbymcnt  of  th«fi^feHirlous  U*wrtfc« 
rTiS  I?'  f^  ?^  '^  ftiffednjgt^Wiihibt  <ronir«- 
m«#t  fliehcT  fr^m  the  rigour*  of  the  i»^cath«r— Snch 
.were  the  pt  yta»r  M^fuch  the  fitiiation -of  thcfe  pj:- 
oiw,fc4itarj  ..hrid   ni  {  and>  to  add  to  tW  diftreflfeLa 

whijh  fwrcpir  ©if  lorty4ii  of  their  ntim^r  beSre  the 
opertin^  of  ihe  n«t  fofiiig.  /iVfnpport  |h^  onder 

%hich  Chrti^anity  «tfqrds ;  and  thefe  were  fuffictent. 
T^e  free  and  uiimolefted  enjoyiBent  of  thdr  rtliKioi 
jcconaled  thwn  to  their  humble  and  lonely  Jua. 
tion. , '   .-j;^^  ,.;.,.    -',  •> ■. ■ 

,«^*S^''!J^*^'^'?''^^*  '^•^*» Pneiamplcdpagcncc* 
an^perfevereiUn  ^eir  pflgrinv  gct>f-aI^oftan,^rallel5 
tnals,  wjth  Aich  ttagnation  and  cabnnefi  at  ««re  pi»of 
ot  great  piety  and  4uicon.querable  Tirtiie. 

The  prudent;,  friendly  and  upright  eondua  of  the 

P^^ co^y  tcjjyard  t^eh^neighbours^the  l^di^ins, 

^fecuredtheirfnendftipand  alliance.    On  the  ^f«h  of 

Se|)tember,  i62 1* n<vfefs thart nineSachcms declared'at 

i^^il^S'^k'*  KmR^lames  i  and  M^r 'ibitandniany  ofhts 

theJbng  of  England  their  mafter.     Vc^    ranlJ^I 
^fo  nianyprogaof  the.  peaceful  '^^i  .  ^.e^Um    ,i; 

"'•^-.rwife  <^ofed,  thefrieVer'^Ib^  iSS 

©amtaiflfd  afnwdly  in^rcourfe  ivi^  th«  «atifc«J 


MEW-JBN(JLAKD. 


MS 


__^  but  b«li  w«i^  wo^Qded.  Fbr  thit  <»iWae0. 
f»i  offenc*  llity  wtre  fMwiiUf  tried  Bn^t  tliel!^« 
.^pjinjr,  w4  iemeftc^  to  have  iheir «« heads  and  feet 
tied  together,  atidfo t)^  hetwenty-Dor    hotiii,  without 

wa«  entewd  mto  b«  i»,p  Indian*  in  m  partf,  ^om  ^ 
NanjwnfetJ  ft>ui»dr  ^  <aftwai^,  to  eilinmte  4w 
5?^"*U  J^  ^<^r  a«  Wr*b«Hth  was  the  principa!' 
^t?*l  ir'f.^^'^^^'**/^    1^7  1«ea%iiewt«AtlfthcT 

Ujroem  at  M:.(rachlirehr  wov^d  M  «i  eafrScrifice. 
l-hey  laid  their  plati\irith nitfch  an     W^rtolowU 
paying  fome  diverfion  at  Wyliftctithi  t^ey  iiiteadedto^ 
5^^^  T'^f  P**"  *•  inhabitants  asid  thus  to  hare  9f^ 
ft<led  their  defigjK    Ba^ihetr  p)of  was  diftlbfcdto  tlw 

wha  had  il«?ays  been  a  ,^reani?Aid  to  ^  Engpft. 
Ihi?  trenchwor^defign  of  tbe-  Indian^,  klarined  the 
Itnghfls  and:indu«cd  them  to  ereftforts  ^and^  iwiltitaln 
guards  to  present  any  y  fuch  .faur  riirprtT^c  iir  f^ttf 
^  ^ll?;?*?'!2"'* ""^^  the  firin«.of  tht^r^f  junj.  ^ ' 
ferrificd,  the  Indians,  thatther  difpprfed,  relfnouiflicdt 
ttttirdefign^atod  declared  themfclves  theiriendst^ 

J»^*8l^i6^5,  the  fottr  cdonies^mS^hWHith;  I^H' 
faiAnf^f^a.  Connca^cut^ndN*w.Hafw,-arreed  tipoa  ar- 
ticles  o^v^^i    ksatfbn,    wrh  reby.acOftgreiswa&lbttjft 
ed  CO-  '  ^'n--       t«ro  toiiiniiiricmers  from  each  colony. 
Who  we.t:  A:holen  annuaUy,  and^vbn  met  were  canfider- 
ed  as  the^r«prefentativ<i«  of  *«/rhc  Um»d  Cok^nies  of . 
New.England.V.v  The  rfowersdtflegated  to  thecomm^f; 
honcrs  ttrere  imich  the  fatness  thofe  veft«*  in  Coira.ds 

hy  the  articles  of  ct»niedarati^„agteed  iipos4y  the 
United  States m  1778^:  ' "  Am  "^ 
_The  lyadei^wiU  obtain  the  bed  knowledge  of  the 
niftory^f  >\ew-Bnirland*-bv  confulrJw^  Hii6!Kiwr««»- 
^ttory  pf  Mafrachufettvr^Haiard^i  Sm<JHfeil  Concci' 
£f'?iflf'*'  ^^***^r^»P«^»MHt"'7otthc^niarrea•0il,,  . 

nltiS.    *P^,'7«7»and  Coiitinuatidn^of  HmcJ^Infon-t 
*■"«»«"*-?  8  fiiilory  ofNcw.HamplUure— H.  Adatd'al 


4i^ 


^rnjyyi.v 


■A' 


^ 


i»4 


rm/mrt^ 


K- 


l^tlwMaioriorfSticicty;  °  ;^ 


>ii  I." 


asss=s 


VE^WONX 


'Klet.  .. ^-     •••■  4-  ■■.  '        -,-,.  • 

^i^n^.j^  Vermont  b  naturally  ^^idid  by  ^e 
Y'S*  H^in^ain^  which  rwna  foom^  nort&^to  foutli^  aiuk 
»wd«i  thpJftatrncaiOy  iatthc  inidOIl*^;  to  civil  diwip. 

^' ;'  Town*  ■   .titt, 

tlsSSf^'^^    «?*         Jtm. 


'.^'  •,.  ffwintiair. 
Bt^iaiiigiut^ 
Autlandlt 


I^MdUia 


IHittilicr  ill* 

in  iKoo. 

■■\  l4,7»o« 


<liledoiiM< 
dhrangc- 


540,4«7 


CCriftibu^y;    >    • 

{,Brownidgton  )  * 

'  5 Danville^   >  ' 

fPfeach«m       5  ** 

IWoodObck    i^  ** 

{Ncw&tta        i  . 

?i^i>«y        X  ** 


»B. 


•y»ua  111^)411^, 


J,43^ 

■  »i4?^r« 


KV'.     V--i 


fW>        SfiihMM  ♦i^iaR^ 


i«is.tea^*^'  *-  *H!^-»' 


.> 


I*  / 


'  OBI 


W5. 


*»«vAr.Ws^B%k,  A^^^^f ^"»fi*W> 

t^  Ne^  V/»i,t  i;„-       ,«  *^"'  we  i4ine  Oiftatice  frvni 
ClimaU.\     Sec  N«iir.Fnn.1«„j-'3*C~-r*"  '  Hi 


l^tll^r  w£te  l*SSl  •'"'^^'ff*  ^^^U^aaptca 


M# 


.:^0fMk0Ti 


fincft  betf  caUl0  Itttlic  t)»ea-ia  are  %Ven  from  thf»  flat«i 
Hptles  are«}A>  yaii^dl  for  expoitation,^   The  natural' 
r         f»5>'^  ^on  tM  rh^ray  wbitclpjne  ©I  fel^crai  kmdi^ 
inte^it^led  #ith  i;f>w  ifitcrvajps.  <i£  bcccjii  elm,  and 
/  whit?  oak.    Baclc  fr?>m  tbc  Hvets,  tBo  laiicl  is  tJircWf 

tinjbered^,witEbir(jfe,fugar  maple,  ilH,  butternui,   an*?* 
wK^fe  ^ak  of  an  ejt^elfetst  quality      flje  foil  is  natritil 
for  wUckt, >ye,  barUy,  toats,  flax,*  feem|>,  iScc. ,    tiidiaa 
corn^  back  from   the  riveri  ir  fi^u^nUlK^  injured  by 
the  froft  ;  but  on  the  urtr  it  is  raifect  in  aj^  great  per- 
fedlwn,  ^8  in  any  part  of  l^eVrlrigland,  owinj^  in  a  gre:^t. 
ineafiire  to  the  fogs  arifing  ifom  the  river^' which  c'ther 
I?lreveft  t  or  ejctraa  the  froft.     TIjef?  iiigt  begin  at  th« 
tijoe  the  corn  is  in  danger  froln  thi.fTAft>  And  li|%  ttU 
eold  wieather  eomniehces,     Fruit  trees  in  the  northera 
eounties  do  not  proiptr,  J     VV       v  ? 

Trade  and  M<tnu/iiaurifs\     The  it&abit^ms  ^&  tfi^; 
toe  trade  principally ,  with   Boftoh,   New-Yorlsi  an<i 
Hartford.  ^Theartides  of  citport  sire  pot  ;And  pearl' 
aflies  cliiefll  ;    beef,,h6rfes,  grain,    foipe-  butter  And 
cheefe.  Jurafber,  See.     The  inhahtitaht$  generally  Tnai^i?^ 
fa<?lure  their  wm  cJpthing  in  the  faint?ilf  way;/ 

Vatt  quaiitt™  of  pot  and  pearl  allies   are   made  Mr 
fveryp>4Tt  of  Jil  ftati     I^utone  of  the  moft  .impbrtant 
mittiMwdures  in  this  i&te  Is  thit  of  maplecf^^ 

Population  J  He/ig/en,  an4Chdra£l&r.\     In  .  79Q,  accordfT 
ing  to  the  ceiifus  tiien  taken,  this  ilate  contained  ^rSl^, 
inhab'tants  cohfi II ing  chiefly  o^  emigrants  from  Con-s 
;  |ie<2icut  and  MalTachuietts,  and  their .defcendants.     For 
_theBuiiiber  of  inhabitaiits   in    i8o(X  fee  Table.     T#a^ 
tcMynlHipsin  Orange  county  are   fetlfed' principalty  bK 
Scotch  people.     *i'be  body  of  the  people  are  congrega* 
tionaliils.      The  other  denominations  are  P^efcyteriaW, 
Baptifts  and  tepilcopaliansv  '        /  - 

The  inhabitants  of  tjiis  Hate  are^n  afleivihlage  of  pe#f> 
pie  from  varum  places,  of  diffcffDt  fentiments,  man- 
ners  ait#habi»v  Iftiev  have  iwt lived  tOgcthfer  long 
enongh  to  iiiiimilare  and  form  a  gmeral  chara(51er  A% 
^mble  top^ethfr,  in  imij/iinasioft  u  nainber  of  lht!?v!dii= 
ais  of  different  nitions-^c      " 


WNT. 


"7 


2hS!r  ""^tf"*""""  ?f  their  llbertie.  ',  ai&ofitian. 
•hifeft  OTgin^  paH»,ay  f„,m  the  dread  of  eSe^ 

'■^'y^'Vyf'-^'S'^ifl    WH79<5v, Aer*  Woi  uevards  of 
'^^J2""''^?#»*"»>^*°''*i'  tot" 

but^,.,rWpfAHn,t?i«  r<^ard  arV  goof    fn  «L 
.  fi^?^.P«  »SW.  "f  land  for  th«rJfipport.     the"a4S/ 

-  Tr5"„Lf  "u^fe'''' *^^'^P'^^^^^  10 

9  4rtf  ;«fc^u'k  ^"""^*-^'f»*t  itiver,  and   contains  ahont 
«ofiriftingtoMSf'        . 'v"^"*"'^''-    B*i«>  «r« 

r™e^  and  L^^'''/"  *e'high  land*  back  <r„m  thl 
"«=^yo«  *r«m  the  higl  lands  is  ttuljr 


1 


'^^ 


♦• 


iTERUbKt. 


,Cur$9Jftks.\  In  Uie  townfii^  of  't1i|iB0Qth«  •%  Hfe 
ide  of  ^Mm  hm, ii% ^]f ^iiri<ytir ctty^r  n|1k%^^ 
at  H&  emt^eet  If  l^cmf  4  4^  hi  ctrciriaifdl^cE    Eii- 

^    ITie  Ingle  ctf^ Jdirtfti^  j*om  4fv^^ 

lo  ]|av«  be^liliil^B^^^ 

t4  room*  wyn^Iiutet&ated  »iy»^  the  ^IM^^  of  ^e 

fili(^>  Im  :«h  ^^sMi;  elfi^  ttpoa  tS^eyeiof  the  %c- 

^em,  that  they  rife  from  w^ater  fil^wag  f^W  thi^tueft 
the  flicmn^ftt^^rs^  a!4<!t|^ 
«  ctr  of  ifiixiera^ '1^  ikmrfthd 

^witK  n^^ckpar^ei^i^^  th^  fwr- 

(ace  of  the  c^v«S*i*  aadfiffw^  m^H|a*Bfe^ftate,  the 
iqueotti  patticle» l^^orate^^it41^ve.M)e  muiendfijib- 
^nees  to^anite  accor^mg  to  their  iiflte(«s«  ^-^  / 

At  tiieen4  oEiIms  cave  h  a  cj^cnlslr  holfci  ,itf  >f?et 
'     deej>  appareiiif  he^n  out,  in^a  conicU  for'iii;  cnlaiijinK 
grst>dttaUyieyoadefCend,Ma  the  farm   of ,:»  fijgar  Ipal. 
At^e  botfeoitti*  a  fpna%  of  frefh  #4^^,  in  continual 
iftjiMort  like  the  hoiUng  of  a  pot*     It$  ^epth  ha»  never 
Wenfoundtfd. -^v. -'-^  •'.     "  ^^-     ■:.-.:-■,);;:;:>--     .     , 
Confiit^fiotuf    TPhetAabitantfof  Vermont,^  by  their 
lireprefentathfes  in  cbiLir»ation,  at  Windfor,  ^nthe  25th 
^December,  1 777,  dfcclated  that  the   territory  called 
Ver^Oiit  was,  and  irf  right  ought  to  be,*  fre?  aiid  in- 
dependent ftate  1  and  for  the   purpofe  of  maiittainiag 
regular  goVernment  in  the,  fame,  th«fy  made  a  foleiftn 
declaration  of  their  rfehts;  and  ratified  »  conaitutien, 
flf  is^tch  iBi  abftraft  may  bolbund  in  th«  4BM»»can  Ur 
^liiyeriiil Oeon^i^y.  ^        .  -  J^  .^r 

,  I  iTjy^tfiyj  l^traaofcoi^^ 

I  |k«  late  war,  wa|  chumwl  HH^f  N«{W-Tdrk,  miifciiPjj 


■A 


^inplhircj  and  thefe  Ihtcrfering  claims  have  bewi  thi 

ta^«|^f^^  fince^lkpeate^ 

P^  i;i<^ili(ii^  6011  Oreat  BHtain 

S^SI?^^?'?^^*"#  "*W«^  *'»^  not  wiOihi 

IW^iC  «f#^%t ,*c^*«J  comii^ll^ tc>w^ 

^iJ^^^^Wfle^  oT^  lj^^d.  St^^  ai»d  ccj^ 


•■\ 


#1^  smi^yi^r^ijw^  fca^ry  if  ttjs 


i^.''ii']»ii.'.    .>!■  ■•itfi.  u.y^  j*. 


sS£s: 


'I'l  :  I  »■ 


■i'ft  rtj^ 


<"■■»»■»' 


■«^ 


\4:. 


t,  ,1 


tti^pfMaiw  and  Ote  Atlantic  OceaijJ  fo|irii,%  MaA 

tiver  J  ecBftjiii^j  ^^r^^  vor^a74,?^ 

ajrei  j  of  which  at  leaft  JOi^oqo  teres  arc  water.  tK 
ft^of  ifmmmp^i^  ^mm»  an  op^n  fi|„  ,.  Co©. 
neihcut  river  Vmikcf  the  dxtvf,  At  fouihern  lint  ih* 
Mortet,  and  the^ftfi#|ine  the  iongeft  M^. 


/ 


*  .  ■  >*. 


^9» 


.'^■i^' 


Ho.   "■ 


'.■:■( 


,«i . ., 


ivn. 


H6 


■  "f' . 


'*;•■ 


;■'•'"""»■ , 


■I  * 


v'K^i'j.^r^'^-*:*^^-*.  *tr'"""t 


..::^^ 


lili  fisiixi  im-i  )bw  labputi'  i# 


I 


receiipp  more  or  1^,  ©^  themv^aterj^Jipom  iliis  itate. 
'Phefij  areT  !pMuea%ut>,^!  Aii^ri(ci?gg^y  :S4t<;iKMe«i- 
mack,  and  Pifi:ata<jua  rivers.;^  '         .       >     -''V 

Conneakjut  fiver  rifts  Ui  th«^high  lan<ii  whic)^' i^. 
arsTtctlir  Unlived:  HW»^^  from  .tltt  BritiSi  trmiaes  iii 
Lowet  tanada  It  lias  been  ftjfv^y;^  about  »5:^Ues 
b^yood  the  4fdi degree  of  l^timde,  t^i^  headigrini pf 
U«  iujsttHwffterBl^r^iti^i.  ]  U  i«  4^(:uied  4lJ  ih^  w|y  acar- 


..-^' .  ■ 


^  «teiui,  along  J^'  f2":J  ff»^rkj,  about  S.  8.  W 

anW  «.!-  r         *  fi^eat  number  /»f  *i.    ^  -»  "  "nedoii 

Mernmaci  live,  j.  r         ,  "  - 

««s  the  same  of  MemWt?""  "^  ^•mipiftozee'^ 
•bow  90  miles,  ettth^Tf     l*",''  Pw&ing a coSfe -!p 

«  v«y  rapid,  a«<J^r,,  ^h'  Monadnocfc  mounSin 
pjds  wide.  Juft  befo,"  ,vA"!'.'!  ^"F>  «« ««n.h  i? ?^'       ' 


.M 


w«vcthaaci,iac.»''jB^^^^, 


l.lt 


KEW.HAMPSHIRE. 


a  Mrs.  Dufton  performed  an  extraordinary  exploit.  Thi« 
woman  had  been  taken  by  a  party  of  Indians,from  Havr 
erhill  in^Maflachufetts,  and  carried  to  this  ifland.  The. 
Indians,  8  or  lo  in  number,  fatigued  and  thinking  the|n- 
felves  fecurc,  fell  afleep  She  improved  this  opportunity 
to  make  her  efcape ;  and  that  fhe  might  effect  it  without 
danger  of  being  purfued,  fhe  with  one  of  their  tomahawks 
killed  them  all,  fcalped  them,  took  their  canoe,  and  re- 
turned <!own  the  river  to  Haverhill,  and  carried  the 
Icalps  to  Bofton,  where  (lie  was  gencroufly  rewarded.  . 
.  A  bridge  has  been  ere(5led  over  Amolkeag  falls,  556 
leet  in  length,  and  80  feet  wide,  fupported  by  5  piers. 
And,   what  is  remarkable,   this  bridge  was  rendered 

5 affable  for  travelleri*  in  5  7  days  after  its  was  begun, 
here  are  feven  other  bridges  over  the  Merrimack— one 
^t  Newbury,  two  at  Haverhill,  one  a$  Andover,  one  at 
Pxacut*  aivd  two  at  Concord. 

The  Pifcataqua  is  the  only  large  river  whofc  whole 

courfc  is  in   New-Hamp(hire.     From  its  form  and  the 

IStuation  .of  its  branches  it  is  extremely  favourable  to 

the  purpofes  of  navigation  and  commerce.     The  moft 

rcfpcftable  bridge  in  the  United  State*  has  been'erefted 

ever  this  river,  6  miles  above  Portfmouth,   2,600  feet; 

in  length.     It  coft  68,000  dollars,     a  .^ 

Lakes.']     Winnipifeogee  I^ake  is  the  large  ft  colleftion 

o(  water  in  New-Hampfhire.     It  is  about  24  miles  ia 

length  fromS.  E.  to  N.  W.  and  of  very  unequal  breadth, 

from  3  to  1  2  miles.  It  is  full  of  iflands,  and  is  fupplied 

with  numerous  rivulets  from  the  furrounding  mountains. 

This  lake  isfrozen  about  3  months  in  a  year,  and  many 

fleighs  and  teams  from  the.  circumjacent  towns  crofs  it 

on  the  ice.     In  fummer  it  is  navigable  its  whole  length. 

The  other  confidcrable  lakes,  are  Umbagog  (in  the 

Mi.  E.  corner  of  the  ftate  and  partly  in  the  Diftrift  of 

Maine)  Squam,  Sunapee  andXJreat  Oflapee. 

Soil  ifnd  Produ8iom.']  Of  thefe  there  are  a  great  variety 
in  this  itale.  The  interval  lands  upon  the  margin  of 
the  large  rivers  are  the  moft  valiSable,  becaufe  they  are 
overflowed  and  enriched  every  year  by  the  water  from 
;  the  uplands  which  brings  down  a  fat  flime  or  fedlment, 
Thefe  interval  lands  are  of  various  breadth,  accord, 
>^  to  the  Bear  gt  remote  fituationof  the  hiljls.    Oa 


,. .  > 


new-hampshire:  „, 

Conntaicm  river,  they  ar«  from  .  quarter  of  a  mile  to 

In  ,»   '^  ''If''  7''"?  "  «■•"'"  abundanccOTd  p„fto! 

h^m^t'!.  '"/"".""''  P^'of  the  ftate,  yield  all 
ar^  not  ?„  a1.„H°f^"'V"  "•'  ««^""  P"«"«^'°"  'b" 

Suahty  The  wide  (prcnding  hills  areKnerally  much 
efteemed  as  warm  and  rich  ;  rocky  moift  la^d  i^  aS 
ccnted  good  for  pafture  ,  drained  fwamps have  a  deep 

nri^iJnl?  /"■?  P","  *"■*  "'«  '"ol  "mmon,  and  th- 
SnK  "■"'«\.«^'"vated  in  this  (Jate.  No  „ood" 
fcuftar^man    th.nks  his   farm    complete  withoufan 

Aif ftalf '  W  n  °  .'='»'''''»«"«f»  of'h'  inhabitant,  of 
mis  itate.     Beef,  pork,  mutton,  poultir.  wheat  rv-  r„ 
*an  corn,  barley,  pulfe,  butter,  cLcfeKrhtm7hoo^" 
efculent  plant,  and  roots,  article.  wWctTilwaTfin.? a 

produce  to  Bofton.  In  the  middle  and  no  thern  p«t  a^ 

roadJdi  ealy^°o"he''rcotft '  Th  ''"  "",  ""T '■"' 
per  branchcs'of  st  rtrtd  tJel°  n^^^jft  rrk'et^" 

tt:iiXt'!^" «°- '"  ^'  otheVsr;:: 

theb''owr2',l"  "'^  f"""'/''  g^«""^  manufaflure 
tbe  r  own  clothing  ;  and  confiderable  quantities  of  tow 

cloth  for  exportation.     The  other  manufaflurtare  p"! 
and  pearl  aflies,  maple  fugar,  bricks  and  pottery  aaJ 
feme  iron  ,  not  fufficient,  however,  for  home  confnmn 
^on  ,  though  it  might  be  made  an  aHi.!."™!"^?' 
lion.  ~  '^  v^j^viiu- 

.mf'te'tgr/f'"?'"'''''""-^.  The  number  of  inhabit- 
S  of  divifio'i^""  '"'""""-"' '"  "«  P^'^di-S  ^ 


»H 


NEWHAMPSHIRE. 


The  inhabitants  of  Nev^-Hampfhire,  like  the  iettletv 
in  aU  new  countries,  are  is  general,  a  hardy,  robift.  ' 
active,  brave  people. 

CoAe^estAcademies,  tsfc.'}  The  only  college  in  this 
Rate  inn  the  townfhip  of  Hanover,  fituated  on  a  beau, 
tiful  plain  about  half  a  mile  eaa  of  Conne<aicut  river, 
in1atitB(te43«  33',  It  m^^as  n^med  DartmotaACoiU^e^ 
after  the  Right  Honourable  mUiam,  Earl  of  Dartmouth^ 
t^o  was  one  of  its  principal  benefaftors.  It  was  found- 
ed by  the  late  pious  and  benevolent  Dr.  Rkazcr  Wheekck^ 
who,  in  1769,  obtained  a  royal  charter,  wherein  ample 
privileges  were  granted,  and  fuitable  provifion  made 
for  the  education  and  inftrudVion  of  youth  of  the  Indian 
tribes,  in  reading,  writing,  and  all  parts  of  Jearninr, 

vhich  ftould  appear  neceffary  and  expedient  for  civiU J., 
ing  and  chriftianiziag  the  childreo  of  Pagans,  as  wellar 
»s  9JI  the  liberal  arts  and  fciences,  and  alfo  of  Englifl% 
jouth  and  any  others.  Jt  is  now  one  of  the  moft  irroww 
iiigfcii(»tnarie»  in  the  United  States. 

The  ^fjinds  of  thu  college  coaiift  chiefly  in  hndi, 
•mounting  to  about  80,000  acres,  which  are  tncrcafin* 
sn  value,  m  proportion  to  the  growth  of  the  country. 

Thfe  norobcr  of  under  graduates,  in  1 790,  was  about 
ijo  J  they  have  fince  increafed.  A  grammar  ichooV 
ii°"'  50  or  ^o  fcholars,  is  annexed  to  the  college 
The  ftudents  are  under  the  immediate  govemruBnt 
w^A  mftruAion  of  a  Prefident,  who  is  alfo  profeffor  of 
iiiftOry  .J  a  profefTor  of  mathematlcks  and  natural  phi- 
ioftmhy,  a  profelTor  of  languages,  and  two  tutors. 

There  are  a  number  of  academies  in  this  ftase  ;  the 
pri6eipal  of  which  is  at  Exeter, founded  and  endowed 
by  the  Hon.  John  Pliillips,  L.  L.  Dof  Exeter,  and  in- 
ril?:?^^^  ^"^^  of  aflembly,  in  1781,  by  the  name  of 
"■fjiiflips*  Ereter  Academy."  It  is  a  very  refpe^able 
^  «?«  mftitution,  under  the  infpeaion  of  -^  board 

'«ftruftees,and  the  immediate  government  and  mftruc- 
tion  of  .a  preceptor  and  an  afllftant.  It  has  a  fund  of 
about  15,000!.  one  fifth  of  wiiich  is  in  lands  not  yet 
produaive.  TJ>e  prefent  annual  income  is  430I  It 
has  commonly  from  60  to  80  ftudents. 

An  atadenjy  at  New-Ipfwich  was  incorporated  ^i 
t7»^  \  and  has  a  fund  of  abo^t  j«ool.  and  geoerallf  . 
fi-tah  40  to  5b  fcholar's.  ||||         _         ^.^; 


4 
I 

NEW-HAWPSHIRK. 


•i-» 


Tig 

in  »?9o.  "  "'  '»"<'•     It  was  incorpo^ted 

ertablidimen    "f  focialS'^-^, '''''*''"""•  ""d  the 

« |l«'in,  p-or Jr^      '  re™  fT  0^=1:!^  ,""-'•  "^^ 
fill  Icnr>,vlcd8c  in  this  ftnte  '""ature  and  nfe- 

5'"th  fid.  of  PifVat';"^  ri^r'lt'rr  •"'  **?' ""  *" 

dwelling  houfes,  and  n  Jrl^'  '""'»""  about  6+0 
beWe.  thoft  f„r  public  tTf«  .  wfi^'f''  """r  building^ 
R  >t:on:d  church",    Ic  F^r  "I"  <^''  »«  *•?«  Cong?^ 

irorlt  honfe.  "'  '™'  '«'>ool  houfes,  md  ». 

Its  harbour  is  one  fiftiie  h.o  „„  ,1, 
.•ftfant  depth  -f  <v^";V?,e™d^„r»';"™.j>»Wng 

"t  the  head  rt  iia»£^o7  •,  ""  ^'■'^*°»1',  fitnate* 

ha«  already  a  duck  manuft^lv  T;^^?"^  "*»•  *« 
"*Ms,  a  fuliinit  mill  ffllri^I??'  "  "»">'ancj- ;  lit  Cat 

Pnnliftg  office*  TheDnt.liii.?.-ij  "  "'"''^s*  aft<»t»i 
gational  <^ha«he*  a^acld^ff^K'  »"  tw„Co«^* 
tourt-houfe  and  a  eaol  TW.^lr  "*'^,'"d  handSnV 
»e  kept  here.  FoSirTh^'^^o^t:f<^'^*«  «»* 

:*•  ^  «^om  Pbrrfmoathi     7^np  nJ.     l*^^^  "*"«$  t^ 


j^^       .     """^  **  »« •^P<r  comatjr  ce,^|. 


>n^  tljis  town. 


I 


i'-9' 


'ife 


^1« 


KEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


Dover,  Amherft,  Kcene,  Charleflown,  Ply  momh,  and 
Haverhill,  ^rc  the  other  rood  confiderable  towns  in  this, 
ftate. 

Curiojities.']  In  the  townfliip  of  Chefter  is  a  circular 
eminence,  half  a  mile  in  diameter,  and  400  feet  high, 
called  Rattlefnate  hill.  On  the  fouth  fide,  10  yardi 
from  its  bafc,  is  the  entrance  of  a  cave  called  the  Devil* f. 
Dent  in  which  is  a  room  1 5  or  20  feet  fquare,  and  4  feet 
high,  floored  and  circled  by  a  regular  rock,  from  the 
upper  part  of  which  arc  dependent  many  excrefcencet, 
nearly  in  the  form  and  fize  of,  a  pear,  ^nd,  when  ap- 
proached by  a  torch,  throw  out  a  fparkline  luftre  of 
almoft  every  hue.  Many  frightful  (lories  nave  been 
told  of  this  cave,  by  thofe  who  delight  in  tlie  marvel- 
lous.    It  is, a  cold,  dreary,  gloomy  place. 

Religion.'\  The  principal  denominations  of  Chriftian* 
itt  this  ftare,  are  Congregationalifts,  Prefbyterians, 
Epifcopallan?,  Baptifts  and  Quakers.  There  is  a  fmall 
fociety  of  Sandemaftians^ai^d  imothfirojf  Univerfalifts 
in  Portfmouth. 

Hijiory.']  The  fijft  difcovcry  made  by  the  Engllfti,  of 
»ny  part  of  NewrHampfliire,  was  in  1 6 1 4,  by  Capt.'  John 
Smith,  who  ranged  the  ftiore  from  Penobfcot  to  Cape 
Cod  ;  and  in  this  route  difpovered  the  river  Pifcataqua. 
On. his  return  to  England  he  publilhed,  a  defcription  of 
thecountry,  with  a  map  of  the  coaft  which  he  prefent- 
•d  to  Prince  Charles,  who  gave  iu  the  name  of  N*w- 
.  IEnjGland.     The  firii  fettlement  was  made  in  1623. 

New-Hampftiire  was  for  many  years  under  the  jurif- 
•fli^kipn  of  the  governgur  of  Mailachuifetts,  yet  they  had 
a  feparate  legiflature.  They  ever  bore  a  proportionable 
fliare  of  the  expenfes  and  levies  in  all  enjerprizesf,  exr 
peditions,  and  military  exertions,  whether  planned  by 
the  colony  or  the  crown.  In  every  ftage  of  the  oppofir 
tion  that  was  madeto  the  encroachments  of  the  Britifh 
parliament,  the  people,  who  ever  had  a  high  fenfe  of 
liberty,  theerfuily  bore  their  parv  At  the  commence- 
ment of  hoftijities,  indeed,  while  their  couincil  was  app 
pointed  by  royal  mandamus t  their  patiiotick  ardour  was 
checked  by  thefc  crown  oflScers.  But  when  freed  from^ 
tkis  reftraint,  they  flew  eagerly  to  the  American  (land- 
ed, when  the  voice  of  their  countrjT  declared  for  warj 
1^  thur  troops  had  a  large  (hare  o^Jtli^  hazard  and  W,^. 


0ISTRICT  OF  MAINE.  ,,^ 

^iSiT"  "  '^'  «^'^  '^  •^Pliihlng  the  lat. 
For  a  complete  hiftory  of  this  ttate,  rfic  reader  is  re 
joiumci  8vp.in  1 79«,  wmtca  in  a  pure.-ncat,  hiUorick 


■;'::':*!;»■' 


DISTRICT  OF  MAINE 

Situation  and  Extent. 

Miles. 

Length    2607,  r   ^o^,„j,ot?  ^*aMilet^ 

Breadth  mr.  C  between  ■}    \  '^"^  9    K.  .on.  7 
iireadtii  200  J  Us' and  48»NJat.  |  ^'»75«. 

^'"^<^^^^'^^'2^^Fi^^^  ^ower  Canada  ;- 

lands  ,  eaa  tft^^lt^  cVoif  Td  l^  ^-^  ^^^  ^'^^^^ 
4ue  north  from  its  fource  to  tfe  hithl  ^"^  ^^??^P 

''^^•Atlant.ck  Ocean  ;  weft  by  New-Hamifhi;. 

Z)/vj/f<?«/.]     The   Diftria  of  Maine  is  Sv  Sl!f  *  •  * 
fcvcn  counties,  viz,  *^"»n«,  is  dmdcd  mt». 


Ceuntiet. 

York 

Cumberland 

Oxford* 

Kennebeckf 

Lincoln 

Hancock 

Wathington 


Ko.  InhaWtanti. 
37^729 
37.921 

H.394 
30*100 

16,516 
4*436 


Chief  TowM. 

York 

Pbrtland,  lat.  430  4©' 

Augufta 
Wifca/Tet 
Penobfcot 
Machias 


Tofal.  r  en  Qn< 


,ji8  DimiCT  OF  MAINE. 

.A0tifihe€o*mtrfiS^tli\      The   Biftria  of  Maiftc, 
0nJ  Clhnatf.  J  though  an  elevated  traft  o£ 

c(?MmryVcamint  beraUed  xnoantainous  A  great  pro- 
portion «iFll'e  laads  are  arable  and  exceedingly  fertile^ 
parttcttltiiily  b«tv'«en  Penobfcot  and  Kemiefce^lt  uivefji* 
On  (Sme  parts  ofthe  fea  coaft,  the  lands  are-bat- indif* 
fcrcnt  }  but  this  defeft  might  eafily  be  remedicdj  by 
manuring  it  witli  a  marine  vegetable,  called  rock' wrced, 
whidj  grows  on  rocks  between  high  and  low  water 
mark,  all  along  the  iKores.  k  makes  a  moft  exc^ttt 
marure,-and  the  fupply  ij  imme?jfc.  '^ 

The  country  has.  a  large  proportion  of  dead'  fs^mps, 
and  fiinit'cp.  lands,  which  ar^  eaGly  drained  and  leare  ^ 
rich  fat  foil.  The  interiour  country  is  univerfaily  repre- 
fented  as  beinjr  of  an  excellent  foil,  wsll  adapted  both> 
fo r  tillage  and  pafture.  ^The  lands  in  general  ar«  eafily 
cJ«{V«4' having  but  little  iirtderbruffi.  _^ 

,Th-e  Diftria  of  Maine  may  naturaUy  be  confidercd 
in  three  divifions  — The  firft,  comprehending  the  traa 
lying  caft  of  Pcnobfcot  river,  ef  about  4,500,000 acres  ;, 
the  feoond,  and  beft  tra«^  of  about  4,000,000  acres,, 
lying  betwerin  Penobfcot  and  Kennebeck  rivers;  the* 
thtrdi  firft  Irttled  and,  moft  pop«Voii$  at  prefeni,  weft  of 
Kcnnebeck  river,  containing  alfo    about    4,000,001a 

acres.  t       a 

The  climate  dbes  not  materially  differ  from  the  reft' 
ofNew-England.  The  weather  is  more  regular  in  the 
■winter,  which  ufually  lafts  with  feverity  from  the  mid- 
dle of  December,  to  the  laft  of  March ;  during  this  time 
the  ponds  and  freft  water  rivers  are  paflable  on  the  ice, 
and  fleighing^ontinues  uninterrupted  by  thaws..  .  ^^ 
The  elevation  of  the  lands  in  general;  the|«inty^ 
the  air,  which  is  rendered  fwe«t  and.  falubrious  by  the 
balfamick  qualities  of  many  of  theforcft  trees  ;  the  itm* 
pid  ftreams,  botli  large  and  fmail,  which  ab^fidamly 
water  this  country  ;  and  the  resgularity  of  l^e  weather, 
all  unite  torendcr  this  one  oidie  healthiea countjies  m^ 

the  world.'  .  ,  '  '.'  - 'i'''/^.h  V' ^"».-  ^  ^ 
Rivers.-]  This  diarig^  )fas  a  fea  c©aft  of  about,a^> 
Bigesi  ir.  u^iicfcdiibmce  thtreiis  an  abundance  ^  fafe 
aadcommo^hSftti^bours  j  befidcs  which  th6|^e  hr<|fc- 
^rity  g^vcn  tiJ  aavtgatioD>.oaibfne  gart  of  tlw  coaRf  b? 


w^* 


DISTRICT  OF  MAINE, 


tZ^A^^^^'"'^'"^'^  '*''«<'"  the  whole  colli 
^r  »iS  Vlf  """"^  '"*  ""^  ""^  ''^'^ 


^I^L^t  C^,.3  The  priocipal  BarsawPaffim*. 
SSi^P«,^  ,"'  ?'"«*«^t'  Cafco  ,id  Well..  W 
ttrf.  ftnoWiot  and  Cufco  are  tlie  m«ril  remarlaMe. 

to  J  .       S*^^^  *"*  W  »«iei»etb«Yeed,  ^mm 

™w.    n<y»  aie  M»  ^ataaeom  gtwwih  «f  Ab  Stan* 
Tml'TnST**  ^***  •^*'.  **■'  ""^^y  ""««'  rf  white 

wei  tof  cabfcet  wor*,  and  rtceives  a  poliOi  little  i^. 
"»*f»<:e,  hut  *<st3f  tajyaring*  neither  tall  »«!»»«. 


DISTRICT  OF  MAINE. 


Vi 


ISO 

From  the  different  rivers  in  this  eaftem  country,  wa. 
ters  may  be  drawn  for  mills  and  all  water  work. 

Great  advantages  arife  to  thofe  who  live  on  the  tea 

«oaft,  from  the   ihtU  filh,  viz.  the   lobaer,  the  fcollop^ 

and  the  clam.  To  thefe  advantages  may  be  added  thofe 

which  arife  from  the  farefts  being  filled  with  the  njoofc 

.and  deer,  and  the  waters  being  covered  with,  wild  fowls 

©f  different  kinds.  . /,      ,        r 

-  Export s.'\  This  country  abounds  with  lumber  ot  va- 
'  rious  kinds,  fuchas  mafts,  which  of  late  howeves  have 
become  fcarce  ;  white  pine  boards,  (hip  timber,,  and  ev- 
ery fpecies  of  fplit  lumber,  roanufaaured  from  pine  and 
•ak  ;  thefe  are  exported  from  the  different  ports  in  im- 
menfe  quantities..    Dried  Eih  furnifhcs  a  capital  article 

•f  export.  J  ,      ,  ^      . 

State  o/Liirrature.']  The  legiflkture,  by  chartergrant- 

«din  1^95,  eftablilhed  a  college  at  BfUnfwick,  by   the: 

"  »aine  of  Bowdoin  College.     It  has  fince  been  organiz- 

w^zAd  went  into  operation,  Sept.  1802.     Academics 

in  Hallowell,  Berwick,  Fryeburg  and  Machias,hawbcen 

incorporatedby  the  legiflature,  and  endowed  withhand- 

fottie  grants  of  the.  publick  lands.     Another  at  Portland 

.  has  been  inftituted,  but  has  not  yet  been  endowed.  And 

.  k  isbut  jnft  Ito  obferve,  that  a  fpirit  of  impravement  11 

increafing.  ^       .  .    ,    r  %.    t^-a.   a, 

,  Chief  Kmns.l  Portland  is  the  capital  of  the  Diftn  A 
#f  Maine.  It  is  fituated  on  a  promontory  in  Cafco  Bay, 
and  was  formcTly  a  part  of  Falmouth.  In  July,  1786, 
this  part  of  the  town,  being  the  moft  populous  and  mer- 
cantile, and  fituated  on  the  harbour,  together  with  the 
ilands  which  belong  to  Falmouih,  was  incorporated  by 
the  naiiie  of  Portland.  It  has  a  moa  excelle«t,  fafe  and 
capacious  harbotir,  which  is  feldom  or  never  com- 
pletely  frozen  over.  It  is  near  the  mam  ocean,  and  u 
eafy  of  accefs.  The  inhfiUtiiets  carry  on  a  confidera. 
ble  foreign  trade.  It  is  one  of  the  molk  thriving  com- 
mercial  towns  in  the  Commonwealth  of  Maflachufetts. 
Although  three  fourths  of  it  was  laid  m  afhes  by  tli« 
■^  .  ..-,  %     .•_, --  ?^  1 n^_^u-^«  AT^flr^lv  r#»hmlt.and 

containedin  1800,3704  inhabitants.  An^ong  itspubhcit 
Uiidings  arc  three  churches,  two  for  Congicgationaiiits 
M^  OM  (qi  Epifcopalians,  and  a  haadfome  court  hou»s. 


DISTRICT  OF  MAINE. 


ifi 


York  is  74  miles  N.  E.  from  BoftoH,  and  9  from 
Portfraomh.  York  river,  which  is  navigable  for  vef- 
fels  of  250  tons,  6  or  7  miles  from  the  fea,  p*S*et 
through  the  town.  Over  this  river,  about  amile  from 
the  fea,  a  wooden  bridge  was  built  in  i76r,  270  feet 
long,  exclufive  of  the  wharves  at  each  end,  which  reach 
to  the  channel,  and  25  feet  wide.  The  bridge  (lands 
on  thirteen  piers  ;  and-  was  planned  and  condu(aed 
by  Major  Samuel  Sewall,  an  ingenious  mechanick,  and 
native  of  tlie  town.  The  model  of  Charles  river  bridge 
was  taken  from  this,  and  was  built  under  the  fuperin- 
tendance  of  the  fame  gentleman.  It  has  alfo  ferved  at 
the  model  of  Maiden  and  Beverly  bridges,  and  has  beeti 
imitated  6ven  in  Europe,  by  thofe  ingenious  American 
artifts,  Meffrs.  Coxe  and  Thompfon. 

This  town  was  fettled  as  early  as  i6$Ot  and  wasthe« 
called  Agamentictts,  from  a  remarkable  high  hill  in  it 
•f  that  name,  a  noted  land  mark  for  mariners. 

Hallowell  is  a  very  flourifliing  town,  fituated  at  the 
head  of  the  tide  waters  on  Kennebeck  river.  Augufta, 
Pownalborough,  Penotfcot  and  Machias  are  alfo  towns 
of  confideraWe  and  incrcafing  importance.  Bangor,  fit* 
natcdat  the  head  of  the  tide  waters  on  Penobfcot  river, 
Kittery,  Wells,  Berwick,  North-Yarmouth^  Bath,  arid 
Waldoborough,  are  the  other  moft  confiderable  towns. 

Population,  Chara£fer  and  Religicm'}  For  the  firft  of 
thcfe  articles,  fee  the  table  of  diviiions. 

There  arc  no  peculiar  features  in  the  charader  of  the 
people  of  this  didrift,  to  diainguifli  them  from  their 
neighbours  in  New  Hampfliire  and  Vermont.  Placed 
as  they  arc  in  like  circumftances,  they  are  like  them  a 
brave,  hardy,  enterprizing,  induftrions,  hofpitable  peo- 

The  prevailing  religious  denominations  are  C^gre* 
gationalifts  and  Baptifts  ;  there  are  a  few  Epifcop^iani 
aad  Rom^n  Catholicks. 

Indians.']  The  remains  of  the  Penobfcot  tribe  are  the 
only  Indians  who  take  up  their  refidcnce  in  this  dittria. 
They  confift  of  about  100  families,  and  live  together  in 
regular  fociety  at  Indian  Old  Town,  which  is  fituated 
on  an  ifland  of  about  200  acres  in  Penobfcot  river,  juft 
above  the  great  falls.    They  are  Roman  Catholicjcs,  and 


IJ> 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


hz%t  a  pricft  who  refities  among  theiD»  and  admintfters 
the  ordinances.  Thej  have  a  decent  hoafe  for  pnhKck 
wordbipy  "with  a  bdU  and  iNioiiher  building  where  the^ 
meet  to  traniad  the  publick  bufinefs  of  their  tribe*  la 
their  aiTenibltgs  all  things  are  managed  with  the  great- 
eft  order  b  ;d  decorum.  The  Sachems  form  the  legtf- 
latiye  and  execcitive  anthorUy  of  the  tribe  ;  though  thet 
heads  of  all  the  families  ar«  invited  to  b&prefem  at  their 
periodical  publick  meetings. 

Jfi/lofy.}  *rhe  firit-attcropt  to  fettle  this  country  ww 
made  in  i6o7t.on  the  weft  fide  of  Kenaebctck>  near  the 
fea.  Nc  permanent  fettlement,  how«v«r,  wa»  at  thii 
time  effected.  It  does  not.  appear  that  any  further  at- 
teppu  were  inadc^  uniul  between  ^ey^ear^  1^20  and 
1630. 

The  feparatt^n  of  this  diftli^  froBV  Mailachufettf  t 
and  its  ere^iqn  into  ^a  independent  (latet  have  bee» 
obje^s  difcuffed  by  the  inhabitants^  ia  town  meetings 
hy  the  appointmeut  of  the  legiHaturje.  Such  i;s  the 
rapid  fettlement  and  growth,  of  this  country,  that  the 
period  when  this  contemplated  iepacatjon'  will  take 
place  is  probably  rot  far  diftant. 

For  the  be^  hiftorical  account  of  thi»  Diftrid^  fiNt 
Judge  Suliivaa's'' Hite7>  pubUihed  hj  Thoma»  asd; 
AjUiyews,  1795* 


I 


MASSACHUSETTS^ 


;^'^-' 


SlTUATroi  AHD  £xT£MT. 
Miles. 


Gffatcft  length  190I  |,^,^..«  f  I'jo^ands"  11'  E.loa. 

C^eateft  breadth  90  J  ^*^*''**^  Ui^'n'  &42*5«'  N.  lat. 

6,250  fquare  miles. 


»      J    .    n     T>OUNDEDnorth,  by  Vermont  and 


Massachusetts. 


"33 

'.:.*%;  J/0.     I      No. 


''TMu, 


rtes. 


Norfolk 
fiflex 

Kfiddlefez 

Hatnpfliire 
PFymouth 

Barnftable 
DttkcV  >   / 
Naqtuckct 
Worccfter 

B^rkfliii-c 

■  I   .  ;  ■■-:':f.  '  ■    •, 
Total, 


Towtu' 


■-4 
6i 


i 


*5 

3 


Ami/?/. 

3.a86 
3*429 

7.99J 
6.58J 
9»346 


4,387 
4,69j 

«.537 
V    4«3 
j     779 
-49      91*39 

4,764 


No.     I 

a8,cij 
27>^i6 

61,196 
46,928 

7M3» 

30,073 
33»88o 


BosroM 

Oedhun 
rSakm 

X  Ni:wbur;^porc 
''Charlel^wa 

Concord 

Nortlumt^tos 

Springfield 

Plymouth 

Taunton 

Barnftfble 

Edgarioin 


3« 


497 


S7>S05 


tnate,^    See  New 


5,617)    Sherburne 


Worcefter 
(Stocktwidge 
<  Great  E<trringtdn 


«ari3o 
_„  ^,^^  England. 

.Jiivert.1      Houfatonick    river    rifes   frnm     t        • 

WeftfieW  river  "mntSi^f^?!^    '""^  '''  ""Wk'- 

and  iLrfeas  rcfaTt^rf' ^SMn*^" «^'? 
u  runs  over  felJs.  above  D^-i^rfi-fu  *^    ^  /     "*  *'*  ^<*"'f« 

•79..  for  the  pCofeTrendL?;  ^cner^  Court,  i« 
paflible  for  boats,  ind  oA.i  th1r„l'^'"yif?'""  "»" 
northward,  to  NerHa^A;^'"«i'  ^"'"  ChicapeenVer 
been  executed      MillerWrcht ''*"'''*"''»»''» 

«!>•  Utter  at  Springfi^     ° '  ""  *^'™"  «  Northfield, 


»H 


M^5SACfiU3ErrsL 


county  of  Effex,  ov«r  fcveral  of  wkwph  I»ndgc8  have  beca 

Naftiua,  Concord,  and  Sl»wfllf fii  nv«rs  nfe  m  thia 
Stite»andrttn  a  nprthcaftciiy  courfcintoth.  Merrimack. 
Ipfwkh  and  Cbebacco  iiy<»r8pai-s  through  Uic  town  pf 
lafwch  into  Ipfwkh  bay.  Myftick  mer  falls  into  Bof- 
tKbonr  wA  of  th/pem"fi»^  <>f  Charleftovrn.  It 
h  navigable  three  miles  to  Medford.  A  canal  is  cut- 
tine  to  connect  this  with  Merrimack  rvver.  ^    ^ 

Charles  rivet  is  aconfiderable  ftrcam  which  paffes  in- 
to Bofton  harbour,  between  Charleftown  and  Bofton. 
It  is  navigable  fot  boats  to  Watertown.  7  miles. 

Neponfet  river,  after  paffine  over  falls  fufficient  to 
carry  mills,  Unites  with  other  Ml  fleams,  and  forms 
a  v^y  conaant  fupply  of  w^ter  for  the  many  mills  fitu- 
atcd  on  the  river  below,  unUl  it  meets  the  tide  in  Mil- 
ton, from  whence  it  is  navigable  for  veffels  of  1 50  tons 
burden,  to  the  bay,  diftant  about  4  miles. 

l^orth  river  runs  in  a  ferpentinc  cpurfe  between 
Scituate  and  Marihfield,  an  J^paiTes  to  Oie  fea.  Taunton 
river  is  made  up  of  fcver^l  llreams,  which  unite  m  or 
near  the  town  of  Bridgewater,  Its  courfe  is  from  N.  E. 
to  S.  W.  till  it  fall*  i»to  Narraganfet  Bay  at  Tiverton, 
oDppiite  the  north  end  of  Rhode  Ifland.  Itreceives^a 
confidjsrable  tributary  ftream  at  launlon.  from  the 

^^^%pel  Bms,  JJldnds.  ^q.'\  The  capes  of  note,  on  the 
mft  of  this  aate,  are  Cape  Ann  on  the  north  fide  of 
jLffkphufeits  Bay,  and  Cape  Cod  on  the  fouth.  Cape 
iSh^r,  pu  Sandy  Point,  expends  10  miles  from  Chat. 
^S^owards  J^antucHct ;  Cape  Poge,  the  N.  E.  point 
ff  qhApaqsiddick  }   Gayhead,  th«  weft  point  of  Mar- 

tha.'s  Vinsvard. 
The  principal  bays  on  the  coafi  of  Maffiich^fetts^  are 
''Ipfwich,  Boapn,  Plymouth,  Cape  Cod  or  Barnftablc, 
aud  Buzzard's  Bay^.     Many  ifl^nds  are  fcattered  along 
the  co;iflt,  the  moa   noted  of  which  are  Plum   Ifland, 
v^hich  is  ab*)UI  9  "ii^es  in  length,  extending  from  Mer^ 
rimack  dy^r   op   the  north  to  the  emrincc  ui  ipiwica 
river  on  the  fcuth,  and  is  feparattd  from  the  mam  laticl 
by  a  naytow  foimd  .called  Plum  Iflund  river, /ordable 
in  fevcral  places  at  low  Fater.     It  coafifts  prmeipally 


^     MASSACHUSETTS. 


'3i 

•f  fond  blown   into  curJom  heaps,  and  crowned  with 
bulhes  bearing  the  beach  pltrm. 

iVi,«/ocirf  ^o*/  lies  fouth  of  Cape  Cod.  It  contain 
llll  ?ri!''  •S'^^R^*^^*  23»®»a  «cm.  including  the 
ht^t  1?  I 'VS*°v  "^^  S'*™**^^  ^°  Thomas  Mayhew. 
nf.!?  -^a»Jof  St^bnK,  in  the  year  1641 ,  and  the  fettle, 
ment  of  u  by  the  Englifli  .omnumced  in  the  year  .  65I 
As  the  ,fland  is  low  and  fandy,  it  is  cakulated  only  for 
thofe  people  who- at«  willing  to  depend  aln^oft  entir.:ly 

J^Lf!  "^aT^  '^'^^^  ^°'  ^"»»fift«nce.  The  ifland  of 
itfelfconftitutca  one  county  by  the  name  of  Nantucket. 

,,on'  .^  ."""I'r"'  "'H'^*^  Sherburne, containing,  f* 
J  790.  4»<520  inhabitants}  in  1800,  5,617 

i.r«w!f  iI?J?^^''i"^'  formerly  carried  on  the  moft  oonfid- 
erable  whale  fifhery  on  the  coaft,  but  the  war  almoft 
rumed  th,,  bufinefs  They  have  Hnce  however  re^.>: 
ptrJfiTn*  *"**  ^^!'^  ^^  '^^*^"  «^<^n  '^l«  the  Great 

^^^^l^h^^!^ '^""' ^  «¥—  ^-  «^ 

k  J^^i''^**?''''"'^°^^"•  .'^^"^  ^'^  principally  Qpa- 

eachof^^KVKuT*'  ?"'?  congregation,  of  Indisni^ 
Th5   I  ft  ?  i^  i'^^  n    ^^"^^^  ^"'  ^^^^h'P  an-^  a  teacher 
Their  laft  Indiaft  paftor  died  jo.years  llnce,  and  was  a 
worthy,  refpeaable  chara^f  r.  * 

^<»rtha'r  Fineyard,  which  lies  a  Itstle  to  the  Weftward  ' 
of  Nantucket,  is  ipmiles  in^ngth  and  four  in  brS 
ItconUinsthreefoctetiesofCongregationaliftsr^^^^^^ 
ton,Tifl,tiry and  Chilmark,  two  of  Baptifts,  wiUiontS 
fters,  and  three  congregations  of  Indians,  oneT4l» 
»s  fupphed  by  an  ordamed  Indian  miniftr/anJ^JpK 
others,  the  Rev^  Mr  Mayhew  preachrin  rit^f^^^^ 

fETrt   '^'  ^}ff'  J^''  ^"'^  '^^  neighoirln^ 
h.^h  Tfl   ?^^''*"a?'*''^'  Neman's  land,  and  the  Eli.j! 
i8?«^T.H'-r.-''"''  Buke's  county,  containing, Tn 
i8oo.  3,118  inhabitants,  330  of  which  are  Indians  and 
mulattoes,  fubfifting  by  agriculture  and  U]T 

rao^ulEkblllr^^^^^^^^^^^ 

^ons  of  the  ifland  are  com,  rye  and  oats.     They  ra^fe 
Iheep  and  cattle  m  confideraWe  nmnbers. 


li^ 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


r 


The  other  iflands  of  confideration  are  in  MafTachafetU 
Bajr,  which  is  agreeably  diverfified  by  about  40  of  various 
fizes.     Of  theft  about  15  only  are  of  much  importance. 

Caftle  Ifland  now  Fort  Independence,  is  three  miles 
from  Bofton,  and  contains  about  18  acres  of  land.  It 
has  been  ceded  to  tlje  United  States,  who,  at  great  ex* 
penfe  have  fortified  it  on  a  new  plan.  The  works  were 
completed  in  the  autumn  of  1 8oj.       ?      * 

Soil  and  Pro^uilhm']  Iw  Maflachufetts  are  to  be  found 
all  the  varieties  of  foil  from  very  good  feo  very  bad,  capa- 
ble of  yielding  all  the  different  produ<Sions  common  to 
the  climate, fuch  as  Indian  com,  rye,  wheat,  barley,  oats, 
hemp,  flax,  hops,  potatoes,  field  beans  and  peas—- apples, 
pears,  peaches,  plums,  cherries,  &e. 

ManufaButes.']  There  was  aduckmanufafior)^  at  Bof- 
ton^  from  which  bet w'ccn  2,000  and  3,000  bolts,  of  40 
yards  each,  i-Axd  to  be  tlie  beft  duck  ever  before  feen  in 
^%nericu,  were  fold  in  one  year.  Manufadlures  of  this 
Icind  h.ive  been  begun  in  Salem,  Haverhill  and  Spring- 
field. Manufa(Slor  ies  of  cotton  goods  have  been  pati  iot- 
ically  attempted  at  Beverly,  Worcefter  and  BoUon.  A 
«x>ollen  manufadlory,  on  an  extenfive  fcale,  has  been  ti- 
tablifliedat  Byefield  parifli  in  Newbury  ;  but  thefceflForts 
have  generally  been  unfuccefsful.  At  Taunton,  Bridg- 
water, Middkberough,  and  fonie  other  places,  nai Is, ha^e 
been  made  in  fuch  quantities  as  to  prevent  in  a  great  liieaf- 
ure  the  importation  of  them  from  Great  Britain.  In  this 
State  ihere  are  upwards  of  20  paper  mills,  which  produce 
^oreid^han  70,000  reams  of  paper  annually  The  prin- 
'^ard  ma.iufaOories  are  in  Bofton  and  Cambridge, 
ph  site  made,  yearly,  about  1 2,000  dozen  of  cot- 
id  vi^ol  cards.  Between  2,000  and  5,000  dbzen 
cards  are  made  at  the  other  manufaAories  in  different 
parts  of  the  State,  Shoes  'in  large  numbers  are  maniv 
faduredat  Lynn — Silk  and  thread  lace,  woollen  cloth,  &c. 
at  Ipfwich,  which,  from  its  natural  advantages,  promifes 
to  become  a  manufafturiing  town — ^Wire  ^r  cards  and 
fiih-hooks  at  Dedham — and  a  dye  houfe  has  been  built 
inCharlenown,forthedyingcf  filks,  woollen  cloths,  &c. 

There  were,  in  1792,  62  dillilleries  in  this  State,  em- 
j»loyed  in  diUilling  from  foreign  materials.  In  thefe 
diftilleries  were  »58  ftills,  which,  together,  contained 
*  02, 1 73  gallons.  Befrdes  tbefe  there  were  twelve  coun- 
try ftills   eni ployed   in   diflilling  domefiick  mateiials. 


\ 


MASSACKUS£TT5. 


U7 


?;«  ,"MH***'^  "'»«  Jjun^lwcl  thoufand  gallons  have  been 
4>iftaied  m  one  year,  which  at  a  duty  of  eleven  cents  a 
guUon  yields  a  revenue  to  the  government  of  200,000 
dollars.  A  giafs  houfe  has  been  erefted,  at  a  great  ex. 
penfe.  in  Bofton,  which  prrimifes  important  benefit  to 
the  country. 

^u^/';?  T^'c  ^^'idge&  that  merit  notice  in  this  ftate 
are  the  tollowmg,  viz. 

Charle»  river  bridge,  buih  in  17^6^87,  i,co«  feet 
long,  and  connefting  Bofton  and  Charleftown. 

Maiden  bridge,  acrofs  Mjftick  rlxt^  conneding 
Charleftown  with  Maiden,  tuUt  in  1787,2,420  feet 
long,  and  32  feet  wide.  >4*o  reec 

bffex  bridge,  upwards  of  1,500  /cet  in  length,  ereAed 
m  1789,  and  conne<5l$  Salem  with  Beverly. 

A  bridge  acrofs  Parker's  river,  870  feet  long,.^  jg 
fleet  wide,  built  in  the  year  17/^.  W^ 

A  bridge  over  Merrimack  river,  in  the  county  of^f- 
7i\l    ^^  two  mdes  above  Newburyport,  built  in  1702. 

divides  the  river  mto  two  branches  ^  an  arch  of  160 
feet  dwmeter,  and  40  feet  above  the  level  of  high  water 
conneas  this    lOand   with  the  main  on  one  fide.     The 
channel,  on  the  other  fide,  is  wider,  but  the  centre  arch 
K  but  149  feet  diameter. 

Anotheringenioullyconftruaedbridgehas  lately  l,een 
completed  over  this  river  at  Pantucket  falls,  be^tween 
ChdmsfcrdandDracut,in  the  county  of  Middlefex 

fn.?T    ?     -"1^^'  connecting  Haverhill  wiii,  Brad- 
ford, 650  feet  m  length,  built  ia  1794. 

Merrimack  bridge,  between  Newbury  and  Hav^^^JlT 
fcveral  hundred  feet  longer  than  an/  othe/o^r  the 
Merrimack,  built  1795. 

Weft  Bofton  bridge,  conncftftig  the  weft  oart  nf  r>,,c 

m  the  fell  of  ,  793.  being  3,500  feet  in  length,  befid"a 

Chelfea  bridge,  conneaine  Charleftown  x^Uh  r^u-ir„ 
upward^  of  5,oboieet  long,^built  in  1803.  ""'"  "^"""' 

South  Bofton  Bridge,  connedbing  the  foutherly  part 
Pf  Bofton  with  Dorchefter,  built  in  1 80c.  ^  ^ 

Iheft  bridges  are  aU  fupport^d  by  a  toll. 
Ml 


i3« 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


m 


titirgry  HmHnne  and  other  Societies. 1  Tftcfe  inftrtn^ 
tions  in  Maflachufetts,  exhibit  a  fair  trait  m  the  char- 
after  of  the  inhabitants,  and  arc  as  follows  i  ' 

The  American  Academy  af  Arts  and  Sciences^  mcofpo- 
rated  May  4th,  1780.  The  Maffachufitts  Charitab/<f  Soci- 
ety, incorporated  December  16,  1779.  The  Boji^  Eplf- 
copal  Charitable  Society,  firll  inftitnted  in  1724,  an«  «nccr- 
porated  February   12.  1784.  The  Mafachu/etis  Medicai 
iJ(?r/V/y,  incorporated  November  1,  1781.  ICht  Society  for 
propagating  the  Gofpcl  among  the  Indians  and  others  in 
North- America,   incorporated   November     19,    i7^7' 
The    Maffachufctti   Society  for  promoting  A i'nculture.xn- 
corporatcd  in   179a.     The /^j/?or/Va/5^CfV/y.  eftablilhed 
in  1791,  incorporated  In  1 794.     The  Marine  Socteim  of 
Boftpn,  Salem,  and  Newburyport.     The  Maffachujetts 
Conmgational   Society.   ,The  Scotch  and  Irip  Charitable 
StcietM.     A  Society  for  the  Aid  of  Emigrants,  n\[i\X.\^UA 
in  1793,  incorporated  in   1795,  whofe  operations  have 
for  fome  time  been  fufpended.     The  Mafachufetts  Char- 
itahle  Fire  Society,  mfWlxxicd  and   iucorpcrated  in  1794- 
^oflon  Mechanick  Apciation,  eaabliihed  in  1795.     The 
Boflon  Difpenfaryfr  the   Medical  Relief  of  the  Poor,  inHi- 
tuted   in  1796      The   Bofion  FtmaU  Afylum,'m^il\MtL\ 
Sept.  25,  1 800,  and  fince  incorporated-— and   the  Bof- 
/<j«-«^//&f/?ip«w,  incorporated  in  1807. 

Literature,  Colleges,  Academies,  tsfc.^     According  to 
the  laws  of  this  Commonwealth,  every  town  having  fifty 
houfeholders  or  upwards,  ii  to  be  provided  with  one  or 
more  fchool-mafters,  to  teach  children  and  youth  to  read 
and  write,  and  inftruft  them  in  the  Englilh  language, 
arithmetick,  orthography   and  decent  behaviour  ;  and 
where  any  town  has  200  families,  there  is  alfo  to  be  a 
grammar  fchool  fet  np  therein,  and  fome  difcreet  per- 
fon,  well  inftrufted  in  the  Latin,  Greek  and  Engl.fh 
Janeuages,  procured  to   keep^the  fame,  and  be  fuitaby 
paid  by  whe  inhabitants.     The  penalty  for  negka  of 
fchools,  in  towns  of  5e^milies,  is  lol.— thofeof  ico 
famili€$,2ol.— of  150,  30I.         ^,.  ,   ^,      ,    -     .^^   . 
T^  w»a^«  »v,«*.o  ar*.  f^veti  ftubhck  fchools  lupportea 
wholly  at  the  expenfe  of  the  town,  and  m  which  the  chil- 
dren of  every  clafc  of  citizens  freely  aflfociate.     In  the 
Latin  grammar  fchool,  the  rudiments  of  the  LatJ"  a^^ 
Greeklanguages  are  taught,  and  boys  arc  qualified  for 
«hc  uaivf  rfity  ;  int*  thU  fchod  noiie  arc  admitted  till 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

'39 

ten  years  of  age,  having  been  prcviouflf  well  inftruft 
edmEnghft  grammar.  In  the  three  En^liA  grammf; 
fchool,,  Oie  children  of  both  l«es,  from  7  to  14  rearTof 
age  are  .nftruaed  ij  fpelling,  accenting  and  retdho   he 

alfo  m  Enghfh  grammar  and  compoHtion,  logether  wi^h 
fam/")  U '"'*  ^^  Reopphy  ;  in  the  othefthrreTe 
fame  children  arc  taught  writing  and  arithmetick  The 
fchools  are  attended  alternately,  and  each  qf  them  is 
furmfhed  w.th  an  U(her  or  Affiftant.  The  manerTof 
thefe  fchools  have  each  afabry  of  666}  dollaTs  n^  an 
num,  payable  quarterly.  ^    ""Hrsperan- 

They  are  all  under  the  immediate  care  of  a  rA«,«,% 
t«  of  twenty  on.  Re„.I.™.n.  for  ^^Zcb.L.ZZn 
annuallj-  wlmft  duty  it  i,  «  ,„  vifie  ,hc  fchoofs  ,t  l„S 
once  m  three  month,  ,  to  examine  the  fcholar,    ,  d>e 

beft  methods  for  the  inftruftion  and  Aernmem  „f  k 
.fchook.  to  give  fuch  advice  to  the  mffle  "aT.hey  AaU 
•h>nk  expedient,  and  by  .11  proper  method,  to  excite  In 
ch  Idren  a  laudable  ambition  to  excelin  a  virtuom  um? 
^le  deportnjent.  and  in  every  branch  of  ufeful  kVo^  I 
edge.  At  the  annual  vifitation  in  July,  i,of  thrr. 
were  preftnt  450  mifli,  and  850  boys.     B^^i;  thef! 

m"  f    r'  '"'";•  '■'^'"'"'»'  for  infirnS  in  the 
EngltOi,    Latm    and   French  Ianirii9c7»     i^        •  • 

amhmeticlc  and  the  higher  braSXrhlaTlifei: 
and  alfo  m  mufick  and  dancing  ^^Perh:.n«  T"-  ".^**— 
a  to,™  in  theworld  the  youthTfv^i^h  rrc^X'^  "<« 
the  benefit,  of  fchool  education,  than  Botton  T5 
when  we  confiderhow  mfeparably  d"e  happrnefstd 
prrfpenty  of  our  country,  and  iKe  exiftence  of  our 
prefent  happy  government,  are  connefted  with  the  .du 
cation  of  children,  too  much  credit  ,annot  te  rive„"<; 
he  enlightened  citizens  of  this  town  for  thraSo^ 
Aeyhavepaidto  this  important  bufincfs,  and  Uie  wonhv 
examp  e  they  have  exhibited  f<»he  imitation  of  others' 

aea^emil";  .""P"""""  '°  *=  gmmmar  fchools,  are  the 
academies,  in  which,  as  wena8in^^. ".     ' 

yc^  gcmhmen  are  fitcecffb;;^^^^^^^^ 

earb*:^'',?c/K*'^'''""''  ^l  Newbmy,  was  founded  as 
earl^  as  1 756,  by  means  of  a  liberal  tktertion  from  the 


140 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


Honnurable  William  Dummer,  formerly  lieutenant  go?, 
crnour^  ami  a  worthy  man,  whofe  name  it  has  ever  fincc 
retained.  It  was  opened  in  I76j»  and  incorporated  by 
an  aA  of  the  General  Court,  in  1782.  This  academy 
is  at  prefent  in  a  flotiriflting  (late. 

Phillips  Academy,  in  AnJover,  was  founded 
and  handfomely  endowed,  April  21,  1778,  by  the  Hon- 
orable SamViel  Phillips,  Efq.  of  Andovcr,  in  the  county 
of  Effex,  and  Commonwealth  of  Maflachufetts,  lately 
deceafed  and  his  brother  the  Honorable  John  PhillipSf 
L.  L.  D.  of  Exeter,  in  the  ftate  of  New-Hampfliire. 
It  was  incorporated  0(5lober  4,  1780.  It  is  under  the 
dire^ion  of  thirteen  Truftees,  of  refpedlabJe  charaAcrfc, 
and  the  immediate  care  of  the  Pi  incipal,whois  one  of  the 
truftees  ex  officio^  an  Affiftant  and  a  Writing  Mafterf 
They  are  accomodated  with  a  large  .ihd  elegant  build- 
ing, exeftcd  at  the  expenfe  of  the  founders,  and  their 
brother  the  Hon.  William  Phillips,  Efq.  late  of  Bof 
ton.  It  is  fituated  on  a  delightful  eminence,  near  the 
manfion  houfe  of  the  Honorable  Samuel  Phillips,  Efcj. 
its  4illingui(hed  patron,  and  fon  of  the  deceafed  founder 
— is  encompaffed  with  a  falubrious  air,  and  commands 
an  extenfive  profpeft.  The  lower  ftory  contains  a  large 
fchool  room,  with  ample  accomodations  for  an  hund- 
dred  Atldents,  and  two  other  apartments  for  a  libra->7 
and  other  pujpofes  ;  tlii:  upper  ftory  coniifts  of  a  fpa- 
cious  hall,  fixty- four  fett  in  length,  and  thirty  three  feet 
in  breadth,  dengn^klfor  exhibitions  and  other  publick 
occafions,  ..^  *^ 

The  defign  of  this  foundation,  according  r  its  con- 
flitution,  is,  **  The  promotion  of  true  piety  and  virtue, 
the  inftruflion  of  youth,  in  the  EngliOi,  Latin,  and 
Greek  languages  j  together  with  writing,  arithmetick, 
pradical  geometry,  mufick  and  oratory,  logick  and  ge- 
ography ;  and  fuch  other  of  the  liberal  arts  and  fciences, 
or  languages,  as  opportunity  and  ability  may  hereafter 
admit,  and  the  Trufte?;?  fliall  dire<ft." 

Leicester  Academy,  in  the  townfhip  of  LeiceAer, 
and  county  of  Worceller,  was  incorporated  in  1 784. 
For  the  encouragement  of  this  inftituiion,  Ebenezer 
Craft*  and  Jacob  i3av'.b>  Efqr's.  gener>  iifly  gaye  <ilarg,e 
and  ccmmoiious  mapfion  houTe,  laiuls  aii4.^pur(*' 
nances,  in  Leiceder. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


._^  Wo.Ac.o.„,.  «T.u«on,  w,.  i„corpo„.,d 

pnlick  fthool      InL„      '•'«."/«  of  the  fortm.ntinncj 

Haryara  Hallis  Lt^^^^^     "^'i'  ""^  "''^^«"  Chapel. 

fiind^"  .  Ll  "  ft„l«  'J"?;''*  l»"«ft  ^.'permanent 
between  .4c£  a' d  I  e^T"'r^ /"  ""'  ""i'"«tyrcoft 

'nftitution  on  this  continent  ^"^''^'''^ 

Pardv  h.  ;\^5^»  ^^n^^on^e  donation  in  hncSr  In  /"no* 
J  42,  and  4  Hones  high,   containing  24  rooms 


14* 


MAS8ACHUSETTB. 


for  ftudents,  a  Iw-ge  fekool  rooim  a  dining  hall,  aJrtd  a 
jroom  for  publick  peaking.  It  had  a  Preceptor,  an  Ufli- 
er,  and  a  mairer  of  the  Englifh  fchooL  The  number  of 
Jiud^t&in  i7«;a»  was  between  50  and  60,)  belides  the 
fchoiars  of  the  free  fchool.  This^academy  in  1 793,  was 
creded  into  a  college  hj  the  legiflature  of  the  Common- 
wealth, by  the  name  of  Williams*  Collf^s,  in  honour 
of  its  liberal  founder.  The  firft  publick  commencement 
was  held  at  this  College  in  Sept.  1795.  The  languages 
and  fciences  tifually  taught  in  the  American  Cttlteges, 
are  taught  here.  Board,  tuition^  and  pther  expenfes 
of  education  are  very  low;  "and  from  its  fituation  and 
ether  circumftances,  it  has  become  an  inftitution  ef  ex- 
tenfive  utility  and  importance.  >  / 

Ciief  Tenuns.^  Bofton  is  the  capital,  n6t  only  of 
Maflachuietts,  but  of  New-England,  and  lies  inlat.42® 
23'  N.  It  is  buUt  on  a  peninfula  of  an  irregular  form, 
at  the  bottom  of  MaffachufettsBay.  The  neck  orifth- 
mns  which  joins  th«;,peninfula  to  the  continent,  is  at  the 
fouth  end.  of  the  town,  and  leads  to  Roxbury.  The 
length  of  the  town  itfelf  is  not  quite  two  miles.  Its 
breadth  is  various.  It  contained  in  1790,  2,376  dwell- 
ing houfes,  and  18,033  inhal>itants }  in  i8oc^  24,937 
innaMtants. 

In  Bofton,  are  21  houfes  of  publick  worftiip  ;ofiifhich 
nine  are  for  congregatlonalifts,  three  for  Epifcopalians, 
three  for  Baptilis,  one  for  the  friends,  one  for  Univer- 
ialtfts,  one  for  Roman  Catholicks,  two  for  Methodifts, 
and  one  for  the  African  Society. . 

The  other  publick  buildings  are  the  ftate  houfe,  court 
houfe;  gaol,  Faneuil  hall,'  a  theatre,  an  alms  houfe, 
and  powder  magaKin?.  On  the  weft  Ude  of  the  town 
is  the  mall,  a  very  beautiful  publick  walk  adorned  with 
rows  of  trees,  and  m  view  of  the  common,  which  is  al- 
ways open  to  refrefting  breezes.  Beapon  hill,  on  which 
a  monument,  commemorative  of  feme  of  the  m oft  im- 
portant events  of  the  late  waf,  is  ere^Jlcd,  overlooks  the 
town  from  the  weft,  and  aflFords  a  fine,  variegated  prof.. 

npA;        Om  *i%tt  IXn«-V>  CtAm  nf  t\\\n  hill-  a  maonifir^nf  ftatc 

oufe  has  lately  been  erected. 
I'he  harbour  of  Bofton  is  fafe,  and  large  enough  to 
contain  500  Chips  ai  anchor^  in  a  good  depth'  of  water  ; 


MASSACHUSETTS.  i^,. 

t'!S!^  ***  r*' a'**%**  ^?  Hwrow.as  fcarcely  to  admit 
two  ftipg  abreaft.     It  is  divcrfified  with  mLv  ifTrS. 
fomc  of  which  ^ord  rich  paiiuriag,  W  andTrii"^*^' 

iJ^JL'^f^'i^''''^'^'^' ^"^'^^'^  '^' fe^» paper 

tel^      ^}''^  ^^^  pieces  a«  annually  S 

oaf  Oigar.  cordage,  «ard«.  f«ii  cloth,  fpermaceti  and  hJ' 

Si    "*»?>•  n«ttfes,  and  1 1  ropc^alks. 

&atem,  die  ftcorid  town  for  fize,  and  the  oldeft.  exceot 
%«»o«th  m  the  Commonwealth,  containing,  InTgt 
9^8  h«nifes,  and  7,94,   inhabitants Jn  k8oo%.«7^^ 
habitants,  was  fettled  in  162S,  by  ffov^rnour  E,J«I«2 
and  was  called  by  the  Indians  N^STrHfr^^^^^ 

^t^fo^"!.''!!:!  an  Epifoopal  church*  and  fi^'e'Sn! 
gregational  £«.,ctie«.     The  town  is  fituated  on  a  nenin 
Aib,  formed  by  two  fmall  inlets  of  the  fea/cXd  noAh 
SJirt  "'''''• ,  A  general  plainnefs  and  neiitnSIn 
gravity  of  manners,  perhaps  in  fome  degree  peculiar  to 

?nK!r.^Ta~Pf  "•     ^'  '*  '""^^^^  t«  ^  wifted.  thttX 
mor"  :ttenn7;  th"  ^o  univerfally  praAifed,  may  become 
more  extenfive  throughout  the  union,  and  form  the  na 
fonal  charafter  of  Federal  Americans. 

&«..■  "*  *•"  '"  "oy  """f  pott  in  tbs 

uh^ri^^TP"*'  '"finally  part  of  Newhury,  from 
«Wfa  «s  incorporation  detached  it  in  1764.  andTJ 
which,  and  Merrimack  river,  it  is  «i,ollr  e„t  rckd  X 
folT  .'"•""ft  1™««1  in  its  extent  ofland  of  anr 
CtrTs'"  'i!C<"»"'f'r?l''j..  containing  but  abon^ 
OM  S"    .  r       \«  Shonfo  for  publiclc  worihip,  viz. 

fi^o^^^'t^'fS'  *nP«ftyte™».  and  two  Co^g    I 
j,4cionai.     in  1800.  It  hart  ••  A^;nk-K.-*.-..-  ^ 

Kmi,^'.  -.^    ni'Jes  N.H  £.  from  Bofton.  i.  diwded 

ftprem-  indll^r*  *"''  ?"'*'""  3'3°5  inhabitants.  Th,' 
ioprem.  judicial  court,  tlie  courts  of  common  picas  an/ 


/^ 


i,H    -^ 


MASSACHUSETTS* 


feflions  are  held  here  once  ip  a  year  j  and  from  its  C6n*> 
tml  fituation  it«ppearito  be  the  mpft  convenient  place 
for  all  the  courts  and  publick  offices  in  the  county. 

Charleftown,  called  by  the  aboriginal  inhabitants» 
MifliawuTO,  lies  north  of  Bofton>  with  which  it  is  «on- 
neAedby  Charles  river  bridge*  and  is  the  principal 
tovTn  iu  Middkfei  county.  It  is  very  advantageoufly 
lituated  for  health  navigation,  trade  and  manwaAures 
of  almoft  alt  the  varioas  kinds.  Bunker,  Breed's,  and 
Cobble  (now  Barreirs)  hills,  are  celebrated  in  the  hiftory 
of  the  American  Revolution  ;  and  no  lefs  fo  for  the 
elegant  and  delightful  profpe£ls  which  they  afford  of 
Botton,  and  its  charmingly  variegated  harbour — of 
Cambridge  and  its  colleges,  and  of  an  exten/ive  tra^  of 
highly  cultivated  country.  One  of  the  p  » icipal  navy- 
yards  of  the  United  States  is  eftablifhed  in  this  town, 
in  which  a  marine  hofpital  has  been  ere^ed,  which  coft 
i4>oca  dollars.  In  another*part  of  the  town  the  ftate 
hasere^eda  Penitentiary  on  alargefcale.  Charlef- 
town,  in  I  SoOf  contained  2,751  inhabitams. 

Cambridge  and  Concord  are  the  moft  confiderable 
inland  towns  in  the  county  of  Middlefex  }  the  former  is 
3^  miles  from  Bofton^  and  is  a  plea^t  town,  and  the 
feat  of  the  univerfity.  The  latter  lis  18  miles  N.  W,  of 
Bofton,  and  is  a  pt^afant,  healthy,  thriving  town.  The 
Provincial  Congreu  fat  in  Concord,  1774.  This  town 
is  rendered  famous  in  hiflory,  by  its  being  the  place 
where  the  firft  oppofition  was  made  to  die  Britifh 
troop-s,  on  the  memorable  19th  of  April,  1775. 

Plymouth,  the  principal  town  in  the  county  of  the 
fame  namc^^nd  the  capital  of  tlie  Old  Colony t  fo  called,  is 
42  miles  S.tl.  of  Bofton,  and  contains  about  200  houfes. 
ithis  town  is  famous  for  being  the  firft  place  iettled 
by  the  pious  anceftors  of  the  New-Englanders,  in  1620. 

Worcefter,  the  fhire  town  of  the  county  of  the  fame 
name,  is  the  largefl:  inland  town  in  New-Englsuid,  and 
h  fituated  about  47  miles  weftward  of  Bofton. 

On  Coune<SHcut  river  in  the  county  of  Hampfhire, 
there  are  a   number  of  plcafant  towns,  among  which 


■/» 


w2w 


A. 


river  j 
weft. 


Northampton,  Hatfield  and  Deerfield  on  the 


i!^ 


MASSACHtJSETTS. 


Us 

ganued,  and  is  formed  into  lo XifioL  7?  k"    j 

^Icry ;  togeAcrforming a^i'^JSK;^  .toT 
of  4.8 1  s  infantry,  2,5 1 ,  cavalry,  and  a.«,7  ardlW 

men,  with  60  pieces  of  fiddartUlJrv.         *"  "' 

II.;..M«,. .,.,  nS'SSg"""    '^•' 

-Minot's  Cominuarion  •/ S^  H,W  of  K  "^"'' 


N 


i4« 


RHODEaiLAKD. 


RH0DE.I8LAMD  AND  PFOVIDENCE 
PLANTATIONS. 


SiTVATIOM  AMD  £XTtllT* 


IS*  iiUnd4*  £.  Ion. 
4i*ii' 


MilM. 

Brndth  til  ^^'^•'*  l4i*  it'  und  4«"  N.  lit. 

».-«^-./-.n  HOUNDED  north  and  wft  by  tht 
BtungMtifs.J  JJ  Commonwtilth  of  Muflftchufftti  I 

f«ttth»  by  thi  Atltnkick  i  wtfti  by  ConncAicut.  Thfft 
limiti  comprthtnd  nvhat  it  ciUed  Rhodc-lfliind  and 
l^ovidtnct  PUntatloni. 

CivU  Divj/km  mmJ  P^fuhtim.^  Tbti  ft«t«  ii  divldtd 
intoliv«  couatitii  aa  followi  t 

Oovniiw.  Town*.  No.  fnh.  Slavci.  Chief  Towni,    No.  luh. 
Mtwport      7    I4»*45     >^5    Newport        6,739 
PnpYtdencf  9    t||8$4        5    Providence     7,614 
Wafliington7    16,1)5     114    S.  King^own  3,417 
Briftol         S      Si^oi      46    Briftol  1,678 

K«nt  4      M87      ao    Warwick        2,55a 

Total,  30    69,111    380  * 

Jbft  Mtti  IJtandul  Narmganfet  Bay  makes  up  from 
fouth  to  north  betwten  the  main  land,  on  the  eaft  and 
weft.  It  eml)ofoms  many  fertile  iflunds,  the  principal 
of  which  are  Khede-lfland,  Cannonicut,  Prudence,  Pa- 
tience^ Hope,  Dyer's,  and  Hog  Iflandi. 

Rhode-Ifland,  from  which  the  ftate  takes  ^ts  name, 
It  15  miles  in  length  }  its  average  breadih  is  about  3^ 
miles.  It  n  divided  into  three  tovmihips,  Newport, 
PAftfmouth  and  MiddletOB.  This  ifland  in  point  of 
ful,  climate  and  fituatton,  may  be  ranked  among  the 
fintft  and  moft  charming  in  the  world.    In  its  ino|t 


\, 


\ 


KHOOK-IBLANO.  ,„ 

md  fruJi  tmi  wintoal^  cut  doim  i  'nd  ^  dosni  rf 

C^«»-i!5.  1  fl'^l'  .';•"'*••»•«  «««'•  Mcl  horfei.    ' 

fc«?,{,h     .?  ""•' '"  J*"«*'  »"<*  »'»»"«  <"'•  mile  in 
breadth  I  it  wai  purchaftd  of  the  Indiam  In  i«fl 

Siri.  i' ■  ^'  "•«»  Newport  and  it  the  ibaihe^moft 
and  bdonglng  to  tht  (fau.    The  lnh«bit«n"  rfT. 

ln,f  M  ^  Providence  and  Tainton  rim.  both  fall 
Into  Narraganftt  Bay  ,  the  forml  on  the  weftHheSt 
ter  on  the  .aft  Hde  of  Rhode-Ifland.  Providence  riw 
nf..j«rtly  in  Maflachufett!^  «,d  i,  navigable  «Vf«« 
ftovidence,  for  fl.ip.of  900  ton.,  thirty  ffi  fwi  A? 

Patucket  river,  called,  more  northerly,  Blackftone'. 
f  IV"""-^"  '"°  .^''^honk  river,  4  mile.  N  iTe 
from  Providence,  where  are  the  fatU  h.  eaftei  defcrit 
JndT™W  '•  "Wdgconthepoftroad^Boft^ 

to  '«» '">»"!"«  river,  about  a  mUe  below  WeyboS: 
lett  or  i:he  grcjit  bridge.  ' 

anf  n?^"'i    Riiode-Illand  i.  ts  healthful  a  country  as 
try  ,  the  air  bciag  ibftened ,;,  a  ft^  ;;;;Su;:^i£X 


/      V 


«4» 


RHODJE-ISLAND. 


enriches  the  foil .  The  fummers  arc  delightful,  efpecial- 
Ijr  on  Rhode- Ifland,  ti^h^rc  the  extreme  heats,  which 
prevail  in  other  parts  of  America,  are  allayed  by  cool 
and  refrefliing  breezes  from  the  fea. 

Fifhes.^     In  the  rivers  and  bays  is  plenty  of  Sfh,  to 

the  amount  of  more  than  70  different  kinds,  fo  that 

in  the  feafon  of  filh  the  markets  are  alive  with  therti. 

Travellers  arc  agreed  that  Newport  furniflics  the  beft 

filh  market  in  the  world. 

/        Religim.'\  The  conftitution , Of  this  ftatc  admits  of  no 

religious  eftablilhments,  any  farther  than  depends  upon 

the  voluntary  choice  of  individuals.     All  men  profeff. 

ing  one  Supreme  Being,  arc  equally  proteftcd   by  the 

laws,  and  no  particular  feft  can  claim  pre-eminence. 

This  unlimited  liberty  in  religion  is  one  principal  caufe 

why  there  is  fuch  a  variety  of  religious  fe<5ls  in  Rhode- 

Hland.     Thfe  Baptifts  are  the  moft  numerous  of  any 

denomination  in  this  ftatc. 

The  other  religious  denominations  in  Rhode-Ifland, 
are  Congregationalifts,  Friends  or  Quakers,  Epifcopa- 
lians  Moravians  and  Jews.  Befides  thefe,  there  is  a 
confiderable  number  of  people  who  can  bc;  reduced  to 
no  particular  denomination. 

Literature.']  The  literature  of  this  ftatc  is  confined 
principally  to  the  t?Jwns  6f  Newport  and  Providence; 
There  aremen  of  learning  and  ajjilities  fcattered  through 
other  towns,  but  they  are  rare.  The  bulk  of  the  inhabr 
itants  in  other  parts  of  the  ftatc  arc  involved  in  greater 
ignorance,  perhaps,  than  in  moft  other  parts  of  Ncw- 
£ngland. 

At  Providence  is  Rhode-Ifland  college.     The  char* 
ter  for  founding  this  feminary  of  learning  was  granted 
by  the  General  Affembly  of  the  ftate,  by  the  name  of 
the  «*Trufteesand  Fellows  of  the  College  or  Univerfity 
in  the  Englifh  colony  of  Rhode-Ifland  and  Providence 
Platations,'*  in    1764.      The    number  of  Truftees  is 
thirty.fix,  of  whom  twenty-two  are  of  the  denomination 
called  Baptifts,  five  of  the  denomination  of  Friends, 
live  Epifcopalians,  and  four  Congregationalifts.     The 
fame  proportion  of  the  different  denominations  to  con- 
tinue in  perpeiuum.    The  Prefident  muft  be  a  Baptift  \ 


\ 


^H0DE,ISLANI).  ^^ 

•h«Jn   .769-     lnSeT?Jl',l"r°"T"'»'Wd 

-         ">ow<l  to  Providence,  whm  ,  7  '  **,  ""*«*  *""  «- 

was  erefled  for  h.  a«om^«1oi  T  '^'«*"'  '""'*»« 

nauon.  of  individnal,  m„^  f  " "?  *'  8'nerou,  di 

and  whUe  its  elevated  n°n,tio,^      '5'  '^'^  "^  "«  «<>»»  ! 
nifliesitwitfiaDure   fti„k.-        ?*'*''  P*«'P«a,  it  fur- 

bricic^fo„£^inf;h'^"'':r'r  Th«'W,i.  jf 

This  inttltwion  is  under  AetnrV"'*  i«  '^«'*- 
a  profeflbr  of  divinitH  proftffor  o"f  T  "f*  P"""'' 
•mental  pMofophy,  ,   Z^"'  of  nalujal  and  «xper. 
aftronomv.  .  p^  ^^  o/S^^°4.°4™'^™i''i<'i'"d 
tors.    The  inftitntioa  has  aTh,^  ^2'^'  ""^  *««  «»- 
three  thoufind  volume,    anit^.*^*""  '*o^ 
.apparatus.     NearlyTth'lLr'?'^"  P'"l°fcphi2j 
mtercft  in  .he  tre  Jury  of  the T L     'i'  •<>%««.  at 
moil  »,ooo  pounds.  ""«"«> 'M  amount  to  al- 

At  Newport  there  i«  a    fl      *a  • 
the  direaion  of  a  reftor  and  tmS-l^l?  '"=''1*"^  ""der 
«J  ^k-guages,  Englift  gra.^T^''''  '""•  **  learn- 

Po«  in  .  ^s\  forXXTof7^-  "''"•''^'*  «  New- 
ows  and  orphan,  of'^Sti.^'J^'r""*  *'*«««<»  "W- 
d.e.r  fociety  a,  t^y  nee^Sce^*""'  «""  «"=''  of   . 

fcond^Se,  and  for  improvi^Th*"' ^-l  ""'^""^  '«'<'  in 
<:an  race,  commence  J  in    .f«!f  ""dition  of  the  Afti- 

AeyearfoUowing  ■    iteonGflsV"*  ""?  '"'orpora^d 
kers.  part  of  whSn  mC^^Z'"?*^.':!'  mem- 
■Jlt>mtain.-\  In  the  town  »f  R  "b'1 '^'^  ""'»'*'>fettf. 
•r.as  fome  caU  it.  Mo,?,!^  I?  ^''''''  '»  Mount  MoS 
2»l7  for  its  havi;,^tr  fe  :S^  »  remartaffe 
"".place  where  w^  km!*    *  '*»'  "^^  *^'»«  PhiUio.  anj 

the  eafteraand  wcftera  oim  of.J    "  '*'*''^»  »«<*  unites 


150 


RHODE-ISLAND. 


of  coB^tdemUe  ma^itude,  and  iwich  ingenotty.  Geh  - 
tral  and  India  bridges  over  Seelchook  River,  near  its 
in«udi,  e*ft  ofProvidence, built  by  Mr.  John  B«>wnlateof 
I'i'ovidcnce,  arc  works  of  great  eipenfe  and  utility.  A 
bridge  over  Howland's  ferry,  uniting  Rhode? Ifland  with 
Tiverton  on  the  maia,  was  completed  in  OAober,  1795 » 
but  was  unfortunately  carried  away  by  a  florin,  a  Ihort 
tinae  after:  It  was  rebuilt  andagain  deftroyed  by  worms. 
It  is  again  rebuilding  in  a  manner  lefs  liable  to  deftruo- 
tion.     *-!  V 

Soil  and  PrpfduSions,']  This  ftate  produces  com,  rye, 
barley,  oat5,1and  in  fomeparu  wheat,  fufficient  for  home 
confumption ;  and  the  various  kinds  of  graffes,  fruits, 
snd  culinary  roots  and  pUnts  in  great  abundance  and 
in  good  perfedtion  ;  cider  is  made  for  exportation. — 
The  northweflern  parts  of  the  ft  ate  are  but  thinly  inhab- 
ited, and  are  more  rocky  and  barren  than  the  other 
parts*  The  traft  of  country  lying  between  South- 
Kinffftbwn,  and  the  Conneaicut  line,  called  the  Narra- 
^nfet  country,  is  excellent  grazing  land,  and  is  inhab- 
ited  by  a  number  of  iaduftrtbus,  wealthy  farmers,  who 
Taife  fome  of  the  fineft  neat  cattle  in  New  England, 
weighing  from  i|6o«  to  1,800  weight.  They  keep 
large  dairies,  an^  make  butter  and  cheele  of  the  beft 
quality »  an)4|in  large  quantities  f6r  exportation. 

Trade.^  The  exports  from  the  flate  are  f!ax  feed, 
Inmber,  horfes,  cattle,  beef,  pork,  fifli,  poultry,  onions, 
butter,  cheefe,  barley,  grain,  fpirics,  cotton  and  linen 
goods*  The  imporu  confiil  of  European  and  Weftln- 
dia  goods,  and  logwood  from  the  Bay  of  Honduras. 
IJp^rdk  of  600  veffels  enter  and  clear  annually  at  the 
•^ffisrent  ports  in  this  ftate.  The  amount  of  exports 
from  this  ftate  to  foreign  countries,  for  one  year,  end- 
ing the  30th  of  September,  1791,  was  470,131  dollars, 
9  cents  ;  in  the  year  ending  September  50,  1793, 
616,416  doUars.  In  1799,  ii055,a 73  dollars,  and  in 
iSoSr  i>3 75,596  dollars. 

*M«itt^anrts,'\    The  inhabitants    of  ijiis  ftate  are 
progremng  rapidly  in  this  branch  of  bufinefs.    A  cot- 

friftiaas,  denimst  thickfetS)  velvets,  ftc«  frc.  are  here 
mumfaaured  and  ft&t  to  ^e  fomheni  ftatet.    Lm%t 


RHODRrSLAND.  .y, 

fuchasbarand  O.Jt<^    l^I  ^!V  "I  """^  °^  '"»•' 

pl™»Uof  huftan"  vTftove.    '  r"    '^'t"^  "'"''  "^ 
Btenfil,  ;  the  iron  work  of  2'  '^  "^  "J*"  '«>"fchoU 
C««/r«„,0"  New   °i*Wng.  anchors,  bell,,  *sj- 

principal  town,  in  S?^«e""'^T"''".^' "«  ">* '"» 
JO'E  Ion.  7i'>  I,'    iTA  \       Newport  lies  n lat.  4i» 

.-trance  «  caf^n?faZ td  f  Wfl"?  V""""  ^'^ 
•nit,  and  ride  in  perfe«fecnrirv  %  "' "?'' "«'"» 
and  fouth  upon  a  eraduL  S.  ^''"°'''"  ««  "oth 
wanl  from  tJic  wate?  aS .  i -u-  '  t  ^°"  P'"""'  ««- 
the  harbour.  an?ftL",lri"!"5.V'  '^^"fif"!  view  from 
*.«ward  n;o„  theCin      «'«hbonnng  hiUs  which  lie 

wJS"T  ^''^ho'l^^e',  r°  "^f'  ""JJS  ''■■•'fly  of 

the  Jewi^  The  other  pulrfcrnH^''  '">''»«''g«  fo^ 
"d  an  edifice  for  thepXtK""^'""  '^^°^t- 

-fte.r;rl;:;r"tt'c!^rt^'\*'''»"'»*«<'e. 

fcy  W.  from  N^T^'rt    \7^lt"iT^'  ^"'  "«l  3°  n! 

'hnoft  a«jr  fKe  fail  npTj  do^''^,^!^"'"''/  »^>P'  of 
Of  950  ton.  for  the  EaftX»i»r^j"'  channel  A  ftta 
.hi.  town,  and  fi«.d  fc^^ft^  '"tj"  ^"^  ••»«'  » 

r§-r,fed;itS^^ 

»y  orefied,  one  of  th^n  .11  1  '  '*°  of  thew  late, 
f hurch,  a  handfome  en,^  J*2  !•'«?»«.«  «»  EpifcopJ 
»  depofited  a  library  for  tS"^}!  '°f  ^'  ^J^^  "  »hich 

-^-.>^c^lK.ufeJ^t^vf&r41:s^• 


«5« 


RHODE-ISLAND. 


feet  wide}  and  a  brick  fchool  houfcy  in  which  4  fchoob 
are  kept.  Tlf8  college  edifice  we  have  already  mention* 
ed.  The  houfes  in  this  town  are  generally  built  of 
wood,  though  there  are  fome  brick  buildings  which  are 
large  and  elegant  This  town  has  an  extenftTe  trade 
witl:^  Maflachttfetts,  ConneAicut  and  part  of  Vermoat  | 
and  from  its  advantageous  fituation,  promifes  to  be 
among  the  largeA  towns  in  New-England. 

Briftol  is  a  plea/Unt  thriving  town>  about  1 6  miles  N. 
of  Newport  on  the  main. 

Indiatiul  A  few  years  fincc  there  were  about  500 
Indians  in  this  date.  The  greater  part  of  them  reAde 
at  Charleftown.  They  are  peaceable  and  well  difpofed 
towards  government}  and  fpeak  the  EnglilL  language. 

CurhfitietJ]  About  4  miles  northeall  of  ProvidencCf 
lies  a  unall  ^'Hage,  called  Patucket,  a  place  of  fome 
trade,  aadfamous  for  Ikmprey  eels.  Through  this  vil- 
lage rmiTPatuckc^t  river,  which  empties  into  Seekhonk 
river  a#this  place.  In  this  river  is  a  beautiful  fall  of 
water*  diredly  over  which  a  bridge  has  been  built* 
which  divides  the  Commonwealth  of  Maflachufetts  from 
the  ftate  of  Rhode-Ifland.  The  fall  in  its  whole  length 
is  upwards  of  50  feet.  The  water  pafFes  through  fever- 
al  chafn»s  in  a  rock  which  runs  diametrically  acrc^s  the 
bed  of  the  (lream«  and  ferves  as  a  dam  to  the  water.-— 
Several  mills  have  been  ereficd  upon  thefe  falls  ;  and 
the  fpouts  and  channels  which  have  been  conftrudled  to 
conduA  the  ftreams  to  their  refpe^ive  wheels,  and  the 
bridge,  have  taken  very  much  from  the  beauty  and 
grandeur  of  the  fcene,  which  would  otherwifehave: 
been  indefcribably  charming  and  romantick.. 

CotiJIituthn*'}  The  conftitution  of  this  ftate  is  found- 
ed on  the  charter  granted  by  Charles  II.  in  16631:  *,  and 
the  frame  of  government  was  not  c fTentially  altered  by 
the  revolution.  The  legiflature  of  the  ftate  confifts  of 
thif  e  branches— -a  fenate  or  upper  houfe,  compofed  of 
ten  members,  befides  the  governour  and  deputy  gover- 
nour,  called  in  thefharter,  ajfijlants — ^andahoufeofrepre- 
^entatives,  compofed  of  deputies  from  the  feveral  towns. 
jTic  iiiCiZiDcrs  \ih  uiv  icgiiissurc  Krc  ciiuica  bWiccH  yes*  ^ 

and  ^ere  are  two  fedums  of  this  body  Mmuallyy  vis.  oa 


1: 


RHODE-ISLAND.  ,yj 

io  New  Enate  •^'^"""'•»  »!"!««' «1'0  c«n.  over 
wnety  of  mors,  and  was  on  chat  account  forced  to  efve 

o{^:t  a"d' :/;  r  ''']y«»'"  8»'-"n1i"  j;" 

MaSuJitt,  I   r?     •  ««d«n«  without  the  limit,  of 
^hicrh^'dtd^tdle'^tSS;^^^^^ 

om™oSti^"''ji" "'""  bei„r::?thi:.^r^u°ni 

Inn"  adSi?,fe?""™°"  Winflow. In  a  friendly 
rivJi  »!,-     if    f""/"  ""o™  "•  *«  o*«  fide  of  thi 

merciful  providence  to  him.  he  called  Pro^X^r. 

invio,^7n^XSi.tte':  '''  ""  ''"""  "- 
her^Vat  „•„       ^/'l"  »"*o"'y  '°  ^o  with  religion 

they  are  h™^.     1.  '"'■"'  "."°P'   '«''"«<'  gallantly,  and 


vcnerii  urccQc. 


»i4 


CONNECTICUT. 


CONNECTICUT. 

SlTUATlOi*  AMDExTIMT. 

>^f  Miles.  Sq.  Mllei. 

OrtMeft  length    loo  >  k,,^.^«  J  4i*  «nd 4»*»'N. lai,    \    ^ 

*•  jci  nTJOUNDED  north  by  Maflachufetts  j 
-yoiWKflrr/w.J  J5  eaft  bj  Rhodc-Ifland  i  fouth  by  the 
Ibund,  which  dividci  it  from  Long-Ifland  >  weft  by  the 
ftate  of  Ncw-York.  ^  . 

Chii  Dhi/ionu^  Conneaicot  is  divided  into  eight 
counties,  and  about  loo  townfhips. 

The  names  of  thecounties,  their  chieftowns  and  pop- 
ulation, in  1 800,  were  as  follows  1  v, 

Tawna.        No.  Inh.         CWefTowM.        «i|.  mh.  Stofei. 

4a,  147  Hartford  5,347  ^7 
3a,i6a  New-HaTcn  5,157  «S^ 
.^fliiaJ^-  London  5,150 
^*'*"  Norwich  3.475 
.  Fairfield  S.7S5 
38,208  I^Qjy^j^^yy      3.180 

a8,aj*  Windham  2,354 
41,214  Litchfield  4*215 
Q  CMiddletown  5,001 
19.874  |_Haddam  2.317 
14,319    Tolland       1,638 


Coantie*. 

Hartford        15 
NeWfHaven    14 

New-London  11 
Tairiield         14 


Windham 
Litchfield 


*3 


Middlefex 
Tolland 


7 
9 


209 
275 

47 

7* 
9 


Total,  107     251,002  9S^ 

Rhen.'}  The  principal  rivers  in  this  ftate  are  Con- 
ncfticut,  Houfatonick,  the  Thames,  and  their  branches. 
The  former  foon  after  it  enters  the  bounds  of  Ccnnefl. 
icut,  paffcs  over  Enfield  falls.  At  Windfor,  it  receives 
Windfor  ferry  river  from  the  weft,  whidi  is  formed  by 
the  junaion  of  Farmington  and  Poquabock  rivers.  At 
Hartford  it  meets  the  tide,  and  thence  flows  in  a  crook- 
ed channel  into  Long-Ifland  Sound.  It  is  from  80  to 
100  rods  wide,  130  miles  from  its  mouth.  ^  ^  ^ 
On  this  beautiful  river,  whole  banks  are  ietUed  aimou 
to  its  fource,  are  many  pleafant,  neat,  well  built  towns. 
It  it  navigable  to  Hartford,  upwards  of  fifty  miles  troro 


CONNECnctJT.  ,„ 

l«nd  between  th"ft  rWen  rf  tu     '  ""  '^  """K""^  "^ 
from  iu  mouth,  has  a  r"m„klMe  Z'"  **"""  '  ""'* 
cataiaa.     A  rock  ten  ».».?.,/?  •"''  """tick 
hright  extend,  qoireacro^r,h!    if'  '".P'^P^xlicular 
0»?r  thi.   the  Se  rive^nth     *•""'' ''^**  "''^'•• 
»po„  a  bed  of  tZumZ^U^ZV'"' ■"''"'  ""'" 
ed  into  a  Terr  narrow^J„.„7  l*  '""  "  '^""•P«ff. 
.liffs.  one  of 7hich  Ze^To  a  i'™?'.""  J.r  f"KP'' 
The  channel  defcendsT^H,'^!,   "'''""'  '"=«". 
covered  with  pS  ?o  k"'*  VonThU^.^t"''  '"^ 
fwiftly  tumblet.  foamine  with  th,  1  a    ■  ,       "*'««■ 
tion,  fifteen  or  t*„uy  f<Kl7  L^a  T^/if'^ '  "?"»- 
fpreads  before  it      Ar  .K.  k'?.         JL"""  ''«*'»  *n>ch 

fau,,  th^^°[:  ■:;.  cti*fl^"rvafe^*:r  *'»•"" 

Poanng  rf  water.  Some  of  d,e  cavit?«  th^f "" 
allofacrcular  form    ar.  K,-  I  """j'es,  which  are 

fmoothncfs  of  the  wa'^^  Xve  .It  nf  fhT  'P^ 
"7  and  beauty  of  the  perpendicular  SP^  '^"'^''• 
dous  roughncfs  of  the  ih7r  Tnw  »?    '^"—^^c  tremcn- 

cliffwhKrh  impends  ovcTthJ'wK,^  *!!?«^^5^'  *^^^"°« 
of  the  fpe^atV  1  IT„  •  ]^^^l«»  Prefcnt  to  the  vie5 
maieftick     On  fk-     •     "^  mdefcribaWy  delightful  and 

occupied  bfLalhrop'f mi^^^^^^  ^^'««' 

»>y  any  in  the  world  Arr^r  ?!  ^  ^Y*  ?"**  exceeded 
a  broJd  andco.;tou1i;lf  .r^^^^^^^  ->« 

i-Tiiu  at  a  great  eipenfe.         ° "'  '"'"' "'  *  '"'"*» 

•"• '"  rour^^S  BSi5irSc?^S'-''«'  -"'^ 


'5« 


CONNECTICUT. 


;* 


Shetucket  rivcf  is  %rmed  by  the  jundion  of  WiUa- 
manttck  and  Mount  Hd|>e  rivers,  which  unite  between 
Windham  and  Lebanon.  Thefe  rivers  are  fed  by  num- 
berlcfs  brooks  from  every  part  of  the  country.  At  the 
moudi  of  the  Shetucket  is  a  bridge  of  timber,  1 24  feet 
in  length,  fupported  at  each  end  by  pillars  and  held  up 
in  the  middle  by  braces  on  the  top,  in  theiiature  of  an 
arch. 

Paukatuck  river  is  an ,  inconfidcrable  ftream  which 
empties  into  Stonington  harbour.  It  forms  part  of  the 
dividing  line  between  Conne<5ticut   and  Rhode-lfland. 

ffarhurs.']  The  two  principal  harbours  are  at  New- 
Xiondon  and  New-Haven. 

The  whole  of  the  fea  coaft  is  indented  with  harbours, 
many  of  which  are  fafe  and  commodious. 

Climate^  Soil  and  Produiimu.'\  ConneSicut,  though 
fubjed  to  the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  in  their  feafons, 
and  to  frequent  fudden  changes,  is  very  healthful.  It  is 
generally  broken  land,  made  up  of  mountains,  hills  and 
vallies,  and  is  exceedingly  well  watered.  Some  fmall 
parts  of  it  are  thin  and  barren  Its  principal  produ^ions 
are  Indian  com,  rye,  wheat  in  many  parts  of  the  ftatc, 
oats  and  barley,  which  are  heavy  and  good,  and  of  late, 
buck  wheat — flax  in  large  quantities — fome  hemp,  po- 
tatoes of  feveral  kinds  pumpkins,  turnips,  peas,  be..as, 
Sec.  &c.  Fruits  of  all  kinds  which  are  common  to  the 
climate.  The  foil  is  very  well  calculated  for  pafturage 
and  -mowing,  which  enables  the  farmers  to  feed  large 
numbers  of  neat  cattle  and  horfes. 

Trade."]  The  trade  of  Connedticut  is  principally  with 
the  Weft. India  Iflands,and  is  carried  on  in  vcffeh  from 
fixty  to  a  hundred  and  forty  ton*.  The  exports  con- 
fiS  of  horfes,  mules,  oxen,  oak  ftaves,  hoops,  pine  boards, 
oak  plank,  beans,  Indian  com,  fi{h,  beef,  pork,  &c. 
Horfes,  live  cattle,  and  lumber  are  permitted  in  the 
Dutch,  Danifti,  and  French  ports. 

Conneifticvt  has  a  large  number  :f  coafting  veffels 
employed  in  carrying  the  produce  of  the  ftate  to  other 
ftates.  I0  Rhode-Ifland,  Maffachiifetts,  and  Ncw- 
flaropihire,  they  carry  pork,  wht^t,  corn  and  rye.  To 
North  and  South- Carolinas  and  Georgia,  butter,  cbeefe, 


\ 


m 


leatht 


COmECTICUT* 


*S7 

^  beef.dder  »pp|cs,potato«s,iay,&e.  and  receive 

known,  much  of  the  produce  of  Conneakut^iShr 
of Ihe  weftern  paftr,  is  carried  th^^S^iSvSs 
and  p,url  aftes.  flix i«d,  l«ef^  poSt^kS^^ 
in  large  qnantities.     Moft  of  tL  produce  ofC^^Sl* 
cutnver  frnm  the  parts  of  Ma/nicS^ 
fliire  ajid  Vermont,  as  well  as  of  Conneaicnt  ^^h 
ai^adjacent^  goes  to  thifttoe  mad^rSSbk 
quantities  of  the  produce  of  the  eaftern  parts  of  ^2ftf*f! 
a;^«^i^ted  at  Bofton.  Ncrwiciujd^^^l^^'r 
i^Z/^  ""ZT  =ind  employs  in  the  foreign  andcoaft- 
jom^from  tiusilate  « Je^r  1I03  was  ,,^4^,57^ 

^-^^5^*^]^    "^  in  Conneftlcat    u<I 

their fiinahes,  are  tooftlv  cloth^^  Jn  «!«•     J    '^5    *•* 

in  tb,  family  way  ,  and  altK 'SeraTtf  "'^f*i?f 
trnd,  they  are  of  a  ftroaiter  teniS*-  .„/  !*^  ^-  '' 
<«raWe.  than  tKofe  imi»f£d  fr?ta  P,!!^  """f^,'^'' 

Iikewife  glafs  Works.a  fnnffand  Dowd*r^!u-  *?  * 

.nd  in  mny  other  places.  "onlL^^'t^" '"J™'', 
lather  ftoe.  a,^  b.oti.  .«  ma..?afflt'tW*^*  \ 

P<:pul«,,„a«d  GharMir.'}  The  (lateof  t5«SS» 
•We  roads,  e»en,n  Aettoft  settled  |WB  bf  thriL^ 


i 


■1^^:^ 


tS% 


fJCNKECTlCUT-. 


wil  feldom  pafs  xrore  than  two  or  three  wiiles  ivii1ic« 
firdirg  a  hcufe  or  c6ttage,  and  afatiii  litder  fuch  ini- 
proveir  exits,  as  to  afford  ibe  neceffaties  for  thtTfuppoiPt 
of  a  family.  The  whelc  flate  refombles  a  vc)l  tultivar 
ted  gafVeti,  vehich,  whh  ihUi  degree  of  inihiftry  that 
itjccclihiy  to  ijappineft,  produces  the  neceflaries  and 
coTivenicnces  of  life  in  great  plenty. 

Theinhabiftnts  are  alirtoft  entirely  of  Engl'fh defceftt. 
Til  ere  are  no  Dutch  or  Germans,  and  very  few 
French,    Scotch  Or  Irifh  people,   in  any  part  of  th«> 

ftale. 

The  people  of  Conneflicmt  have  hetetofor«  been  too 
fond  of  having  all  their  difputes  fettled  according  to  law. 
The  prevalence  of  this  litigious  fpirit  afforded  employ- 
ment and  fiipport  for  a  nnftlcrous  body  of  lawyers^ 
That  party  fpirit  however  which  is  the  bane  of  porui<>  i 
ai  happinefs,  has  never  raged  with  fiich  violence  in  this 
ftate  as  in  fome  others,  Publick  proceedings  have  been 
conduced  generally  with  much  calmuefs  and  caudcur. 
The  people  are  well  informed  in  regard  to  their  rights^ 
and  judicious  in  the  methods  they  adopt  to  fecure  them. 
The  ftate  enjoys  a  great  fliare  »f  political  tranquillity  j 
and  in  no  ftate  do  the  inhabitants  in  general  live^moic 
peaceably  as  neigbours.  ^,    -, 

Rdigion.']     Such  as  is- happily  adapted  a  republican 
goventment.     As    to  the  mode  of  ex^rcifing   church 
government  and  difcipline,  it  might   not  improperly  be 
called  a  republican  religion.  Each  church  has  afeparate 
jurifdiaion,  and  claims* authority  to  choofe  its  own 
iftinifter,  ro  excrcife  jut'p,meni,  and  to  enjoy  gofpel  or- 
dinances uithin  itfelf.     The  clurthes,  however,  are  not 
indepcrdentof  each  other  }  thty  are  in  general  ccn(o- 
cialed  for  mutual  benefit  and  converience.    The  aflo- 
ciations  have  power  to  licerfe   candidates  for  the  min- 
iftiy,  to  confult  for  the  general  welfare,  and  to  lecom- 
mtnd  m,eafures  to  be  adopted  by  the  churches,  but  have 
no  authority  to  enforce  thfro.     Whco  difpuies  ^itife  in 
churches,   cbnncils   are  called  by  the  parties,  to  leille 
them  ;  but  their  P«w*r  *  ^^'^Y  advifoiy^    T!??L?[! 
l\veivc  afiociations  iu  ihc  uate,  arid  tncy  zi^tpl  tv.jtc  ss 
a  yt^r.    Thcfe  arc  all  ccmbiacd  in  one  gecral  aflocia- 
.  t1t)ju  who  meet  annally. 


©ONNECTlGUTr  i^ 

.  ^  rellgioas.  xh^t  are  coofiftf nt  ^vith  the  peace  of  fq. 
45ty  arc  tolerated  . a  Goiweaicut  ;  and  a  fpirit  of  libcr. 
•I.  f  a.d  cathQl,ck.rm  is  iocrcaang.  Th«  c  are  very  few 
.el.gi*«  fcAs  i.  thi.  4ate.  The  bulk  of  tlic  people  aij 
^m^ago^Ufts,    B^fidcs  U.(e.  the.  are  £p« 

uJ^Z'!^'i^'''^''''^'^'''L^'^'''''^^'''^  After  the  eitab^ 
jameftt  of  peace  .n  1783,  a  number  of  genUcmeu  Were 

wllhrW^  ^  '^"i  ^^/^  .''^^P*'  ^  the  Several  to^^nf 
whKh  they  ravaged  The  following  is  the  amount  <i 
the  lo/Te,  m  tSe  ,whoIe  ttate.  ia  moiiey,   v^I^eJ  as  Z 

nnwfA  ^r*l?™«  «^j!?»««  includes  mcrchandtae  and 
^^tftimated  ^^167,006.     To  comppnfate  the  fufferers? 

«re?nr.h.^'"r' '°  ^^'  /  79«.  granted  tiiem  500.00^ 
acres  of  the  jFcftera  part  of  the  referved  land,  nf  /•«« 

ne^icut.  which  lie/ft  of  Penof/lvana  '  The  re^^ 
t",^^fuY'f  ^^«'  tliree  millions  of  aeresrh^ 
beergyidbyiheftate    for  i,:.oo,ooo dollars.  '  ^'^ 

(W^  T^m.2  There  are  a  great  number  of  very 
ZTj^t  maritime  and  inland,  in  Conn^a,^ 
contains  five  <yities,  incorporated  with  exteofiva 

.„^"'*""a<?'F^  I'  ''""««^  ^'  *e  head  of  navigation 
•n  the  weft  f.d,  of  ConneSicat  ri,er,  about  SftS^ 

from  n,  entrance   into  the  Sound.     Lbuid.*«™., 

t  Epit;  ra^^'t?  [■"  Congrcgationali(l,.rn<ro'u: 
ryr  r.pucopAUans,    befides   about   coo  dwelHnir  h^» 

fes.  a  number  of  .O^ich  are    h^nd^^Sel^  tSf  t?^; 

™3VT"  J'  ^')^''^  ^^  afmallrivcr,  with  high.ro. 

the  two  divifiotis  of  the  town.  Hartford  %  ad va^^a-^^ 
«afly  fituated  for  trade,  has  a  vjrv  tine  hLk'^^^t?!" 
^«rs  largely  into  the  maaufafturing  bufineS."  and  U* 


i€b 


eONNECT!Cti;P. 


^  Ncw.HaTen(city)Iies  round  the  hczlofihnjf  whucli 
iiakes  up  about  four  miles  north  from  the  S«Ui.j.     It 
covers  part  of  a  large  plaia,  which  Is  circumfcribed  oti 
three  fides,  by  high  hiHs  or  moantRiot.     Two  fmall  rW- 
tt»  bound  the  city  eaft  and  weft.  The  town  was  origin* 
ally   laid  out  in  fquares  of  51  rods.     Many  of  ihefe* 
fquares  have  been  divided  by  crofs  ftreels.     Four  ftreeta 
run  northweft  atid  foutheaft  ;  tlirfe  are  croflTed  by  four! 
others  at  rightangles.     Near  tlie  centre  of  the  city  is  th# 
publick  fquare  ;  on  and  around   which   are  the  publicte* 
building!))  which  are  a  ftate  houfe,  coUegts  and  chapel^' 
three  churches  for  Congregationalifts,  and  one  for  Epif-^ 
copaliam.     Thefe  are  all  handfome   and  com:nodiDus 
buildings.     The  colleges,  chapel.    ?late  houfe,  and  one 
ef  the  churches  are  of  brick.     Tne   pubHsk  fquare  is 
encircled  with  a  row  of  trees,  which  renders  it  both  con- 
■^enient  and  dtelightful.     Its  beauty,  however,  is  greatly-' 
diminifhed   by  the  burial  ground,  aad  feveral  of  the 
jftublick  buildings  M'bi(ii  occupy  a  cotifiderable  pan  of  it. 
It  contains  about  600  dwelling  houfe». 

New-London  (city)  ftands  on  the  weft  fide  of  t'^lv- 
ef  Thames,  near  its  eutrancc  into  the  Sodad^  in  latitude 
4*°  15'.  It  has  two  places  fo  publick  worftip,  tf^^ot' 
£pifcopaliaos,andonefor  Cougregationalifts,  5,150  in- 
llabitants.  Its  karbour  is  th^  bell  in  Connefticut.  A 
confiderable  part  of  the  tovro  was  burnt  by  the  infamous 
B«ndi^  Arnold,  in  1781.  It  has  fince  be«n  rt* 
buUt  •    ■    !;^^-:^r.y 

Norwich  (city)  Hands  at  \hi  head  of  Thames  riycr, 
14  miles  north  from  New-London.  It  is  a  commercial 
cityj  has  a  rich  and  cxtenfive  back  country,  and  avails 
itjclf  of  its  natural  advantages  at  the  head  of  navigation. 
Its  fituation  upon  a  river,  which,  affords  a  great  number 
of  convenient  feats  for  mills  and  water  machines  of  all 
kmdi,  renders  it  very  eligible  for  manufa^ures. 

The  inhabitants  are  not  neglc<9fi;il  cfihe  advantages 
w:hich  nature  has-  io  liberally  given'  them.  They  man- 
ufa^nre  paper  of  all  kind?,  Hocking s>  clocks  and  watch- 
es^ chaifes,  buttons,  ftbne  and  earthen  ware,  wire^  oil, 

_«.      -„»    .-     L.^ti-     _^_  _%^ ^  --  -I    _.iii   V.,.4.,    .-.f*   /•_  _  _ .    -_-^.*t_. 

The  city  contftinls  a  court  houfe,  two  churdicribr  Con* 
gregacionaiiibs  and  oae  for  £plfcopali^)  and  about 


«     ».^«M 


'S 


CONNECTICUT. 
5>47^  inhabitanM.    The  ckv  is  in  th^^  ^  .    i    . 


p^diviTiorM,  viz.  CheiSk,  

divifion 


?ean  hill  5  in  the 


com- 


the  landing,  the  tow'n,  an4 


r-""  •""  f  "» tne  latter  div mon  is  an  ars.ri*«         *  , 

palians.  "S'-eg4tioualilh,  and  one  tor  BpUco- 

Four  miJes  ftuth  of  Hartford  is  Weathersfi.J  ^ 
P Want  to«rn  of  b«tw«en  two  nnd  tibree  S^^^^^^^  l  T^ 
fitua*ed  on  a  fiae  foil    wirh  =«     i        "*^°°»^«ci.houfes, 

forCoagrcgatia^Iiar  kS  ToM^^'r^o^'fr'  "''T^ 
fWiions.  '  '"^^ "  ooted  fprg-aifing 

Bnfield,  arc  all  co»fiSka^d^?'"'  ®''®«"  W 

-orW  is  the  education  rf  affi.  o/'V^  f"'  °^*« 
tended  to  than  in  Conneflic  !r      A,      ?'"?'=  ■»»«  «- 

the  flatei.  divided  InTS^  a^""^'?.^*"  ■■«« 

»«ar.  Some»ha.'^m»l^l«r^';,ti,d;ri'''^""' 
?r<fing  from  a  taxon  the  poll,«,d ^mmI  « °  "^'''^ 
inhabitant,  s  appropriat=d  J  k!?  ™"H*  '"««  of  the 
feyeral  town,*  f^^  cd^ation  J''.-f/*^''°'''» '»% 
The  lawdirea,  th«  agrSuSrlhn fe'""''  ?"»*• 

f»a.eof:  which  .ar^'floSt'    ""^  ""fl^-mfret'. 

•noag  ".principal  bcMftaor. ^.  r  ''"'■^'"'"-    4* 
«   l7M^the    mK«.    :-■    61    ^**'*"."*»n  i750.^onft 


7»a^Ujc    oUier   in  igoiw 


9 


■a  c 


=©"«ge  chapel,  50 


/V'' 


s^ 


CONNECTICrrj. 


;'«•  bereaftet 
and  fellows  of 


feet  b7  40>  with  a  ftteple,  tncl  a  dhiiog  hall,  a&  oi 
brick. 

The publi';}^ librarftonfiftsof  about 2,500  volux'tes  ; 
the  philofophical  apparatus,  by  a  lartie  handfom^  addi- 
tibit,  h  now  as  complete  as  mofl  others  ia  the  United 
States,  and  contains  the  machines  neceiT&rjr  for  eitbit' 
ing  experiments,  in  the  whole  courfe  of  experimental 
philafopbf  and  aftronomy. 

The  fir  ft  charter  of  incorporation  was  granted  by  the 
l^eneral  afletribly  of  CcaiRei^icut,  to  eleven  minifters, 
under  the  denomination  cf  Truftees,  1701.  ''oy  an  aflt 
of  the  general  aflfembly,  iox  eularg«r  :  the  powers  and 
tncreauiig  the  funds  of  Yale  Colleg  ^ '  piTed  in  May, 
179a,  and  accepted  by  the  corporafion,  ihc  Jicoveiiicar^ 
lii'U*:<;nant-governour,  and  the  fix  fenior  ,  "* 
eous^cil  of  the  ftate  for  the  time  beioiir,  ar' 
by  vinm  of  their  c$ces,  t*  be  tnslleea 
tie  college,  iiti  addition  to  the  former  corporation.  Thd 
hJtimedi^tie  exc'^ntive  government  is  in  the  bands  of  thii 
prefideet  aiid  lotors.  The  pT>:f?iit  officers  and  inftruc4 
tmti  of  the  collegt  are  a  prefident^  who  is  alfo  profeffor 
•f  ecclefiaftical  htttovy,  a  profeflbr  of  divinity,  a  profefTot 
«f  natural  philofopliy  and  aCironbiny,  and  four  tutors 
The  ftudciits  are  divide  J  soto  four  clafles.  The  number 
In  1B02,  was  225  aadincreafiog. 
V  The  fttbfis  •{  this  college  received  a  very  liberal  addi- 
tion by  a  grant  of  the  general  affejonbly  tn  the  aft  before 
|Deationed  }  wljsh  will  enable  the  corporation  to  fup- 
^ort  fev£ral  new  prafeiTor&ips,  OTtd  to  make  ahandfome 
iddition  to  the  library. 

In 'May  and  September,  anrmlly,  the  feveral  clafles 
are  criikally  examined  in  all  their  clalGcal  (ladies.  -  A 
pnbltck  comtneacftment  is  held  annu;4lly  on  the  feeond 
Wednefday  in  September,  which  oalls  together  a  more 
Attmeroos  and'  briUiacit  alferobly  than  is  convened 
by  atiy  other  aoniver&ry  in  ihe  ftate,  the  eledtion  ex* 
cepted. 

Conftiiutim  and  Gtneral  Ciara^er*"}  The  c .  nftitution 
ff  Co^nefiicut  is  foarnded  on  their  charter  •  iich  was 
s'rantedby  Charlej  II.  in  1662,  ajtd  on  a  law  of  the 
iJKek     C»Btcatcd  with^  Jbim  of  goremnenti  the 


t.  > 


at? 


4^ 


fcdple  ^«ve  not  been  difpofed  t»nin  theh*,.r^:.f  r 

bly  "divided  Lotwo  bUcb  .    cllS^I  ^r"^  *'^'"- 

hoM-eof  the  reTM^rri'Lj*!!'' ''''**""•  Ths  Im,., 
ra.  wiU,o„,  &r."o'f  trt^e.  ^^  ""  "' 
UJ^^^^Z:^  '*M'°dt:«i.  p,p„. 

full  oC  inhabitamsV   Tir?  i„c  f,!*"^''-''."  "  «  P'-^'" 

with  a.  much  iod^ndince  «  i.^r«~'^'  "*»  '■"^fi'* 
neft.     The  fubr.fteoce  af  .L  V    ""^''r'  'rf*  h»Ppi. 

!r   J    T""'^ «°  wmme^ce  it  to  °d°,„l.  jf  ■  t  *  '"''«• 
•ho  deal   much  in  barter    hi.-  7""'»K«-  Farmer., 

than  snv  other  rla&  .Ti"'  ,  "-K"   "«d  of  moneW 
b  f^u.  "  bfcffings-^eurei  to  reft,  ^^i^ 


04 


C0NNECTICU3f^., 


Sudh  circumftances  as  thefe  have  greatly  contrtbuieift 
to  the  amaaiig  increafe  of  inhabitaits  io  this  ftate. 

Befide,  the  people  live  un-der  a  free  government,  and 
have  nd  fear  of  a  tyrant.  There  arc  no  overgrown  ef- 
tates,  with  rich  and  ambitious  laaUJords,  to  have  anun^ 
due  and  pernicious  influence  in  tlit  eieaiooof  civil  offi- 
cers. Properr7  is  equally  enough  divided,  and  mull 
continue  to  be  To  as  loug  ai  eftates  defcend  as  they  now 
do.  Np  qiiiliSed  perfon  is  prohibited  from  voting.  He 
wht)  has  the  moft  merit,^  not  he  who  has  the  raoft  money 
»8  reiwsrally  ckofea  into  publick  office.  As  inftances 
of  this  it  is  t«  be  obfcrved  tha^many  of  the  citizens  of 
Contedllcut,  frtm  the  humbb  walks  of  life,  haVe  arifen 
to  tlie  firft  offices  ha  the  ftate,  and  filled  them  with  dig- 
nity and  reputation.  That  baft  bufiuefs  of  •leaioneering 
which  is  fo  direftly  calmlated  to  introdnec  wicked  ana 
^jfiRning  men  into  office  k  yet  b«t  little  known  in  Con* 
nefticut.  A  man  who  wifl>es  to  be  xhofea  into  office,  ait«- 
wJfely  for  that  end,  when  he  keeps  his  defircs  to  hiai- 
ftlf.    \  '-^ .   \.       ,   ^ 

A  third  for  learning  prevails  among  all  ranks  oJF  pec** 
pic  in  the  ftate.*  Mbrc  of  the  yonng  men  ta  Conneaf- 
cut,  Ja  proportion  to  their  numbe^rs  reeeiyc  publifk  %^ 
ications,  than  in  any  of  the  ftates.  . 

Some  have  believed,  and  with  reafon,  that  th?  ion^J 
»ef»  for  academick  and  collegiate  education  is  twogrestf-V 
that  it  induces  too  many  to  leave  the  ^ough.     If  melr  ( 
©f  liberal  education  would  return  to  the  farm,  and  nAt 
their  knowledge  in  improving  agriculture,  and  encouTf 
•ging  manufadures,  there  could  not  be  too  many  men 
•f  learning  iq  |be  ttat«  j  but  this  is  two  &ldom  th«  . 
tafe. 

.    Cbnnedicnt  had  but  a  fmall  proportion  of  citizens  * 
who  did  not  join'  in  oppofiog  the  oppreffivemcafures  of 
Great  Britain,  and  was  aOivc  and  influential,  both  in 
the  field  and  in  the  C^bioet  in  brmging  about  the  revo». 
lution.     Her  foldiers  were  ipplauded  by  the  cdmmand-f 
tr  in  chief  for  their  bravery  ancS  fidelity. 

What  has  beenfaid  in  favour  of  ConneAlcnt,  though 
»fte»^when  generally  applied,  needs  to  be  qualified  with 
i»ir*c^»£cptiOns.    jLit.   I^ougiafs  ^pokie  the  ti  utii  when 
le  ikid»  thiit  *<  (bme  o£  tic  meaner  ibrt  arc  viUiaiis^ 


Too 
profi 
hitn 
ftate 

intru 

and  1 

Th 

«rnm( 

ceptJb 
While 

ele(5te< 
officer 
a'ld  w 
has  ev 

ftate?, 

manaei 

difficul 

'^itutfdi 
•^an  n 
eeedeJ 
'Wanner 

viilfions 
ieY. 

Atth 
pub!Jck 
*co»d  1 
fe  pnWifi 

»  Vffft  CO 

^^^^gff  a 
while  thi 
and  joyfi 

tere/ls  of 

Cop.iie< 

"«<^ceffi9n 

*n<l   P'llit 

venerable 
phy. 

^ohibf,  bj 


CONNECTICUT.  ^^ 

ft«e  ha,e  been  too  moch  nel^^fl  I"  '^"'-P""  «'''  *« 
in»raaoM,  too  little  att-nifli'^' '?''  '".  P'^'-iring 

«l'tiMe  altnations  ,'o  ^  *"'  P™^""''  ""  very  «'- 
While  -andVr  r  arite'TA"'  "^  C,>„„eJ[i='^. 
«Ie««d  their  own  Zem^f  °^  9,'-«t.BrI„in,   ther 

J'ld  mth  «  little  c^nuU!?.'"'  '"  '5'  '^'^•"•aann 
»"«ver  been  ,  re^abKcfc  .  a^/ "7 '•'■■  Conne«ic« 
;2'PPr  a  republic^  ""t !  e'v^r  f  itf  "w'^-f'^  1°^ 

difficult  U  orS'efe;:^^ ij;  "/  -.<'""'-«*' 

»«n  manner,,  ConSc  h,.'^'"' '•**"• ''«P'"k- 
««<»eJ  in  herolJ   t™;k  S„*     "'"'«"™P^edIr  pr«- 
«»>'«•»  ;  and  by  theft  ».,'"  V  '"  ^Ti^^^nt    a„4 

i:',""'"  """■"-  -"«^"«t;roiiS:^-: 

At  the  flvpfy.,.i»,__  -i„cv?        -  * 

^  mibfffh?.!  at  thennllh  >  "*  "    reJTrh.d,  which  1 

^Jf  rgy,  arc  colleded  from  .v  '"#!''}  Pr;^«<-'"^«rly  the 
^i"lf  they  a^dc^  di>n  tyT'^  "^l-    /     ^  "'''  '  ^"*^  ' 

t«re/ls  of  the  ftate.  the  civil  and  ' 


"nportant 

tteimioate 

religious  in- 


volve 


^M 


M10DL£  STATEiP^ 


MIDDLE  STATES. 


ranH£  Sccen4CfaiidDivi0OAof  the  Joiud  Suca^ 
Jl     comprekcnds 


NlW-YORK, 

Nvw-JiRser, 

'P«MNSTLV/l,NIAt 
UlLAWARIf 


Ohio, 

Ikbiina  Territout* 

MlCRKTAN    TlR&rTORY. 


Boundarhi.l^  Bounded  ntnli,  hy  Upper  Canir-, 
da,  frnm  which  it  is  fcparattc'  by  the  Lakes  j  eaft  by 
tKe  New-England  States  f  f«ath,  by  the  Atlanttcfc 
•cean,  Marylatid,  Virginia,  and  the  Ohio  river,  wkich 
feparatc^  itfrom  Kcntncly  J  weft  by  the  MiflSfippi 
river. 

Rhers  and  Says.']  The  principal  rivers  in  this  diffri^ 
are  the  HudTtm,  the  Delaware,  the  Sufquehannah,  the 
Ohio,  the  Miffifippi,  and  their  brandies.  York,  Dei- 
aware,  and  part  of  Chcfapcak  Bays  arc  5n  this  diftrii^. 

Climate.^  Tlie  climate  of  this  grand  divifion,  lying 
alntoft  in  die  fame  latitudes  varieS|^ut  little  from  that 
of  New  Eai^and.  There  are  no  two  fucceiBve  psarrf 
alike.  Even  the  feme  fucctflffve  &a£aas  and  laonths  dif- 
fcr  from  each  other  every  year.  And  the  is  pe?}iaps 
but  one  fteady  trait  ia  the  chaniter  of  this  «;i4nate,.aiiA 
that  is,  it  is  uniformly  variable.  The  changes  of  wea- 
Uier  are  great,  and  frequently  fudden.^ 

Tlierc  are  ftldom  more  th^n  four  months  in  the  year 
in  which  the  weather  is  agreeable  without  a  fire.    In 
winter  rhe  winds  generaUy  come  from  tlie  N."  W.  in 
fair,  and  from  tkf  N.  E.  iji  wet  weather.    The  N*  ^ 
winds  are  uttcommonly  <^ry  as  well  as  cold, 

The  f'Uaiate  on  the  well  fide  of  the  Alleghany  moui. 
tains  diffetfi  materiaJly  horn  thai  on  the  eaft  fide,  in  the 
temperature  of  the  air,  and  the  effeds  of  the  wind  upon 
the  weather,  and   in  the  quantity  of  r«n  and  fnow 

-..i-i-u  c.w  nir«u_  0    \xr    ...Uxlti     ma  th<»  iw»(l 

Wut-;;n  7iiu  every  |v*ir.       *mc  w.    t?..    ■w-ni'wi?*  ^^  's-^  """• 

f*«i'i  of  the  :noanti^9  aw  accompanied  by  cold  and 
l^in.  The  tem;>erature  of  the  air  is  fddom  fo  coW,, 
•r  fo  hr.t  i>y  fever»l  degrees,  as  oa  the  eatl  fide  of  Ac 
mo«aui»4v 


I 


NEW-YOHt. 


'If 


■on  ot  tfte  Uiited  States  it  a  coinpeand  of  mnft  .r  ik. 

fcow  and  cold  of  Norway,  and  ?!«!«  of  hXIj  ^ 

FV^™  ^t.^""'-!*""'?.  ui  every  mootl,  i„  the  veaTT 
fVom  this  «cou.it  of  the  climite  of  this  diflria   if 

thwe^r  ,U  ^  change,  and  varieties  in  the  weather 
Sore?l.  r"""'""'  tpiden-ical  difeafts,  ar.d  ,. 
Sm,fr!„'K""'i ''f V  »■'  ""  «ho)e,itisf„und" 
Sta,.;        •  """  "  ''""^'  ''  »°y  1»«  of  the  unit," 


NEW-YCiK. 


f 


SIT     ATIOM    aiD  tIk 

Erea?ih  ,^^  t  betf  -en  J +°  3°  *45'N.  tat.  7 
fcreadth^ool  t5°W8c3«6'E.lon.»  j    44  «• 

JUnxJarifi^      j^O'lNDliD  fcmheaRwardlv,    br 

Conrca;  /,fl-    ,    /'*  AtlMtick  Ocean.  ea«,    I  , 

'l'«45.h       .re';  of        IT    ■;"''.  ^"^;""  "«'«i.  br 

ti^:L?"'J^r-^     ™'  «»     -  'iiviJed  into  ,0  con, . 
•^  we  include  Long  M«ni. 


t#l 


KEW.YORK. 


CteMflw. 


'Hi. 
I'awM. 


*E>«fl    '  $ 

^€tm '  '*»'        6 

iuflfblk  9 

Richmond  4 

Weft  Chf fttr  %3 

ft«i:k1and  4 

Clinton  k  i           • 

C«)lun>bia  f 

IcMfl'tllBcr  8 

(bin»rio  19 

Saratoga  ao 

Oti<go  ^-^       14 

Delaware  '    j**  <!• 

Orcinc  4 

Tioga  8 

SteuWen  6 

kloatjomcry  i» 

'Oaaaildgo  9 

AJI^ny  9 

Merk(in«r'  8 

•iicida  37 

Chenango  10 

VAlkiogtoa  16 

(cr/h.'.rj  4 

Ihitcheft  15 

tJUtcr  IS 

•range  1 1 


Total 


«9a 


Nd. 

»ihak. 

6«Mt9 

J740 
i««93 
19464 

4»i<i3 

«7.4»8 

3J»3»» 

30.44  a 

ia.584 

688<> 

1,788 
tijoo 
ii,870 

7.406 
X5»a»8 

94 1483 

io,%a8 
34,043 
14^179 
aa,047 

3J574 
9.808 

47-773 
a4,8j3 

a9.3J5 


,  Cklef  Taww. 


New.  York 
Br»«klyn     -    1378 
Jamaiea  rMt 

K.     HamptMi    1.5^*9 
Wcftiici  i,«o8 

Bedford  fli4P4 


H»iffrn  3,664 


Alkaay 

Gcraun  Flat*    1,637 


Salnn 

FiflikiU 
Kingflqa 


a,866 

6.168 
4>6i5 


5<i6,050 


2.868 

1.471 

»,5a8 

186 

«rj 

'.a59 
SSI 

i« 

M71 
«9» 

3il 

}.' 

»7 

aa 

466 

53 
zi 

i,8c8 
61 

JO 

16 
89 

354 
1,609 

l»i45 
ao.tfia 


,St, 


ifthert  and  Canals.']  Hndfon  river  is  one  of  the  Urged 
rivers  in  the  United  States.  It  riies  in  the  moDDtaincus 
country  between  the  lakes  Onratio  ai\d  Champlaine*  Its 
vrKole  length  is  about  250  miles.  Ftom  Albany  to  Lake 
George,  is  65  miles.  This  diftance,  the  river  is  caviga* 
ble  only  for  batteaux,  and  has  tivo  portages,  cccaficned 
fey  falls,  of  half  a  xuile  each.  1  he  tide  flows  a  few  ndle« 
above  Albany,  uhich  is  160  miles  from  New  York.  It  if 
navigab'"  for  (loops  of  0o  tons  to  Alba^ty,  and  for  fliips 
to  Hudi*  i.  About  60  miles  aboire  New^York,  the  water 
becomes  ft  eft.  -The  river  is  ftored  with  a  variety  ot  fiik 

rt-I-^_»_   All -u.   J .  1 : ^1. .jr..t 


Wiir 


viit    icuvKbtd    ei   1 


xX-    >•  1 !('  I  '  o    piiil'cJMC  1(7  XliiUSiry 


anil  amuTiDgi  to  th^ie  t^io  are  roiDd   of  aogling 


&<• 


SgB 


»us 


NEW-YOtK.  ^ 

^^'^f^^^t^'Z^  upon 

»n-ked  out!:  the  levef  aftena'tj  t/r "'  '^^^  »»^ 
corporatcd,  by  ,:hc  name  of "  t1  p  r^/  ''*'^'»ny  >»• 
and  Company  of  the  NorrhL  T  i  ^'*/'<^«n^  Ducdor, 
in  the  ftate  of  New!yorfc^^^ 

Jhepurpofe  c^  cutting  atnarWth!  ^"''^2**^^'  ^^' 
»matmg  poj^t  of  HudfonWe^^  ?    "earefta  pprox^ 

emptie.  into  the  fouth  end  oT^^^e  Ch^  B^.  ^hich 
d«ftance  s  i8  mile.      TK.r-         .      ^""'"Piaine.  The 

favourable  proftia  of  Ttiol  T'^'  '^^^^^^^  ""^ci^a 
•Diacfc  nver  riTefi  in  tk^  k-L     ^^  '* 

•hat  i»  convened  down  this  riverTHS' j  •  *  Pf'J'Jre 
if,  and  is  thcnce  carried  bvTa„di-!^"* '"  Sk«i>e«a. 
ban-en  (hrubby  praiiTto  AlJ  t""**"  ""les,  over  a 
Pik«  «  con.eJ.pS  °  a^'eVuIe  "'"«'■  T*!'"^  a  ZZ 
l«ks  and  ratiids  at  the  t!«i-  !■  ,^°"'P'"i"n  of  the 

•»dy. nearly  „r  ,„;„  to*^^'  ?"'«'  t^  '^''""  «''"'<'- 
delcent  of  thefe  fklU  is  JlTin^.    J*"'  P»fp»d>cal,r 

A  canal  and  locks  round  ,h;fefif     "'""'<"■«  "•*• 
Ih-  »mumn  of  „or.     tL  ?..'/»"' .""'""'Pleted  ,„     ' 


Vf 


NEW-YORK. 


rock  over  which  it  pours  as  over  a  miU'dam,  txttrt^ 
tlmoft  in  a  line  from  one  fide  of  the  river  to  the  6theT 
and  is  about  30  feet  perpendicular  height.  Including 
the  defcent  above,  the  fall  is  as  much  asf  60  or  70  feet. 
A  Company  by  the  nartie  of  "The  Prefident,  Diredors 
and  Company  of  the  Weftern  Inland  Lock  Navigation, 
in  the  ftate  of  New-York,*'  were  incorporated  by  the 
legiflature  of  New-York  in  March  1792,  for  the  pur- 
pofe  of  opening  a  lock  navigation  from  the  now  navi- 
gable pattof  Hudfon's  river,  to  be  cxteftded  to  Lake 
Ontario,  and  to  the  -Seneca  Lake-  .Thefe  works  arc 
ttieaf  ly  completed.  .     ,       ^ 

Delaware  rive  rifes  in  Lake  Utdayanlho,  latitude  4*" 
>  25',  and  takes  it  courfe  fouthweft,'Until  it  crofles  into 
Pennfylvania,  in  latitude  42"  ;  thence  fouthwardly,  di- 
viding New. York  from  Pennfylvania,  until  it  ftrikes  the 
northweft  corner  of  New-Jerfey,  in  latitude  41*'  29'  ; 
and  then  paffts  off  to  the  fea,  through  Delaware  Bay, 
having  New*Jerfey  on  the  eaft  fide,  and  Pennfylvania 
and  Delaware  on  the  weft.  .    t   1 

•SufquehanB^h  E.  Branch  river  habits  fource  in  Lake 
Otfego,  latitude  42''5.5'.  Batteaux  pafs  to  its  fourcer: 
tlience  to  Mohawk  river  is  but  20  miles,  capable  of  good 

roads 

'  -Tyoga  riverrifcs  inthe  Allegany  mountains,  in  about 
latitude  42S  runs  eaftwardly,  and  empties  into  the  Suf- 
quehannah  at  TyOga*  point,  in  latitude  41°  57'-  It  is 
boatable  about  50  miles. 

.  Seneca  river  rifes  in  the  Seneca  country  and  runs 
eaftwardly,  and  in  its  paffage  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Seneca  and  Cayuga  Lakes,  and  emptied  into  the  Onon- 
dago  river,  14  miles  above  the  falls,  at  a  place  cfiUed 
Three  Rivers.  Within  half  a  mileof  Onondago  lake, 
a  fait  fpring  ifllies  from  the  ground,  the  water  of  which 
is  falter  than  that  of  the  ocean.  It  conHantly  emits  wa- 

"4er  in  fnfficient  quantity  for  works  of  any  extent,  it 
is  probable  the  whole  country  will  be  fupplled  from 
»his  fpring,  and  at  a  very  cheap  rate. 

/^__.„/i:-,«  ,;v«r  rifes  near  the  fource  of  the  lyoga, 
anrVrnpUcs  into  Lake  Onurio,  80  miles  eail  oiNiag- 

,  «ra  foi t. 


n 

1«cars 

fronf 

•aft,i 

,  row,  s 

«orth 

theH 

on  ac( 

Alban 

the  bn 

hannal 

that  th 

that  tr 

able  01 

Bay: 

miles  1 

beforei 

12  or  I 

river. 

of  Fopt 

of  Sufq 

weft  of 

wongo 

Sol 

and-foui 

tains,  ho 

rich  foilf 

birch,  c? 

mulberrv 

The  la 

are  reprt 

agreeabl> 

with  loft] 

Eaftoi 
ken  into  I; 
are  clothe 
fioe  paftui 
—'•-at,  ije; 

Of  the  i 
tJ»efta|»lo. 


NEW-YORK.  ,^^ 

The  fettKements   made  in  this  «at»  fhl  «.vi.'      t''' 

■ovth  is  aboiit   fort»m!lL  ■     ll     J  P*  ®"' *«««*IW 
the  Hudfon     Tt7.w  fetril^nfl*'  t'^  ''"''««»  *>* 

hannali,  and  other  riven  »M,i,  y"*""«>  theSufqae- 
that  there  are  fe  "  Z7,,  Zfi"  i.''"'.  *>«"  ""ntioned, 
that  ,re  more  thaT  fc  ortl^,  ^  ■"?'  'I'  "'>'''«  «««t 
able  or  navijtable  rt?e,m       "  '  ""'"  '^™'"  '■°'°«  boat' 

river.     OwidaLak^whi  h,-°'*'=™''«"'l  in  Hudfon'i 
of  Fort  Stknw^  ;  s^ir£±''f '/''°« '^"ty  «>««  weft 

feaedby  ridees  of  rooann,;n.  ,J^.""»"y>   "  inter-- 
and  foath  weidireffio^""^:;„'„7;7g./"-nortl,ea« 
ta^ns,  however,  the  conntr^-      a     !  -^^^^gany  rrioun- 
richfoa^coveridinrnta^r^^^^^^^^  '  ^^  *  ^^^ 

birch,  cherry,  bkck  wabu.    1.     a'  u'^"/'  "'^P'*^'  ^«ch. 
mulberry  trees..  '^^'"^'^'^^'^'y'  and  forae 

ari'i^ed^^^:-^  '""t  ^^^"^^  ^^^^es 
agreeably  diverfifierwk^r.y.  "v""'"''  ^''''^  "»««: 

fccn  inJo  hil  ^4tes'?°""^'^*^  the  country  is  brcK 
jre  clothed  thicri^tTt-XTT/  T^'^  ^^^^  ^'^^^ 
fine  pafture.  T^V  v^lS,  "  k  ""^f '?  ^*^^^«^'  afford 
tuK-il  u_.       s        ^^'"»c«»   when   culnVaf«.i    . j-^ 


tft 


NEW- YORK. 


lent  to  one  miUion  buflieis  are  yearly  exported.  Indian 
fvxk  and  pca»  are  likewife  raifed  for  exportation,  and 
rye,  oatB,  barley,  &c.  for  homi  <;onfumption. 

In  fome  parts  of  the  ftate  large  dairies  are  kept,  which 
furnifh  for  the  market,  butter  and  cheefe.  The  beft 
.  lands  in  this  ftate,  which  lie  along  the  Mohawk  river, 
and  north  of  it,  and  weft  of  the  Allegany  mountains, 
are  yet  moftly  in  a  ftate  of  nature,  bnt  are  moft  rapidly 
fettling. 

In  the  northern  and  unfcttled-  parts  of  ihe  ftate,  and 
plenty  of  moofe,deer,  bears,  fome  beavers,  martins  and 
A'inoft  other  inhabitants  of  theforeft,  except  wolves. 
.Ducks,  growfe,  pigeons,  alfo  fifh  ef  many  kinds,  and 
particularly  falmon  are  l  <ken  in  great  abundance  in  dif- 
ferent  parts,  and  efpecially  in  the  county  of  CHnton. 
At  the  mouth  of  Sarapack  river,  which  falls  into  Cham- 
plaine,  the  falmon  ^re  found  in  fuch  plenty  that  it  is 
nfual  to  take  four  or  five  hundred  in  a  day^  with  fpears 
and  fmall  fcoop  nets.  They  arc  caught  from  May  till 
November,  and  make  exceMent  failed  previfious  }  and 
every  cottager,  by  fpending  an  hour  in  the  evening, 
may  obtain  a  fufficient  fuppfy  for  his  family. 

Population  and  Chara{ler'\  For  the  population  of  this 
ftate  according  to  the  cenfus  of  1800,  the  reader  isre^ 
ferred  to  the  table  of  divifions.  The  annual  increafe 
:  ^for  the  four  years  fucceeding  1786,  was  upwards  of 
25,000.  A  great  pi  oportion  of  this  iijcrcafe  confifts  of 
emigrants  from  the  New-England  States. 

The  revolution  and  its  confequences  have  had  a  very 
perceptible  inftuence  in   dijeTufing  a  fpirit   o^libe^ality 
among  the  Dutch,  and  in  difpeiHng  the  clouds  of  igno- 
rance and  national  predjudice.     Schools,  academies  and 
colleges  are  eftablifhed,  and  eflablifliing,  for  the  educa- 
tion  of  their  children   in  the  Engliih  and  learned  Ian- 
'guages  and  In  the  arts  and  icicnces  ;  and  a  literary  and 
fcieatifick  fpirit  is  evrdenily  increafing.  If  fuch  are  the 
^'l^ dings  of  improvement  in  the  dawn  of  ©ur  empire,^ 
^  i#rhat  a  rich  harveft  may  we  exped  in  its  meridian  ? 

The^iity  of  New-York  is  inhabited  principally  by  mer- 
chantf;  phyticians.  lawve7^:i*iecha.mck$^niQDkceDers  and 
^adefmen  compofcd  of  almoft  all  nations  and  religions. 
f  Iwy  are  generally  refpcftible  m  their  feveral  pfofcf" 


I 


i^l^-YORK. 


m^ 


I 


the  eaftom  of  original   inhabitant,     »!?      I    ^^^P^^ 

ry;  even  though  thle^tt'S^    nk.L^h  T""^' 
become  the  ^o^  numcrL      H^^^^^^^^^  '*'"" 

?efs.  parlimony  and  induftry  of  the  D Ir.h  ?  '^'  "'1'" 
imitated  by  the  firft  Englift  fettlers  n  tuT       "^  '^'^^ 
until  the  revoIution/flrrLd  1  i^ 
their  provincial  ahar^fter     it  i.ail'F'^l^  ''''^'  ^ 

We  for  many  jr«ai»  to  come.  "•""/ «ntmue  «0. 

-eft  point. fft?.„,.„X'i^'l-^    lud' Y^tiflant 
auhe       fl„^  ,he  Hudfon  and  E^ft  rim5      xi  ■ 

banks  of  the  Hudfon.     I  s  bread^^^^^^ 

nearly  three.fourth*  of  a  4ill     and  h   r      ^''^'S''  " 

»ay  be  four  miles.  '  '''  C'^camference, , 

The  honfes  are  generally  built  of  brict '  nn^  »u  ^    ^ 

r.ut^crrarr''"'"«^^-^-^tu"fx^^ 

»fP=ar  »  w  great  advantage.  ''"''"'"«  front 

Ihe  oilier  publicis  buildings  in  til..  r!.„  i 

fcr.p„blick  wUip  for,  .he  I^  J,"  .''  eSeTcLr?/" 
five  pi(%te,ian  ihurches-tour  KnirrnlTi  t  i  ~ 
•V.0  for  «erman  Lntherans  and  cLwnift s*^   .f""'-^''?'*- " 

%.gogu.,    Bcf,de.  U.ef„  U«r.  isT.  ol^'n^:^^ 


'74 


NEW-YORJt. 


hsufe,  a  fplendid  buUdingrr-the  cdUege,  gosi!,  a  new  and 
fp&cious  prifon,  and  feveral  «ther  buildiDgs  of  leis  note 
The.  city  is  accomodated  with  four  markets  in  di^r^ 
ent  parts,  which  are  furqiflied  with  a  great  plenty  and 
irariety  of  provifions,  in  neat  and  exceuent  prder. 

This  city  is  efteemed  the  moft  eligible  OutatiAii  for 
commerce  in  the  United  States^    It  almoft  neceiTarily 
commands  thf  trade  of  one  half  of  New-Jerfey,  moft  bf 
that  of  Gonnedicut,  part  of  that  of  Mafra<!huietts  and 
New-Hampfhire,  andalmoft  the  whole  of  that  of  Vermont^ 
befides  the  whole  fertile  interiou^  country  which  is  pen- 
etrated by  one  of  *hc  largeS^Tivers  in  the  United  States. 
A  want  of  good  water  has  been  a  great  incoRTenience 
to  the  citizens  ^  there  being  few  welk  in  the  city.  Moft 
of  the  people  were  fupplied  every  datv  with  fr^fib  water 
conveyed  to  their  doois  it  caflcs,  from  a  punp  near  the 
head  of  Queen  ftreet,  which  receives  it  from  a  fpring 
almoft  a  imie  from  the  centre  ©f  the  city.     This  well  is 
about  so  feel  deep  and  4  feet  diametei.     The  average 
quantity  drawn  daily  from  this  remarkable  weW,  was  1 10 
hogdieads,  ef  1 30  gallons  each»     In  fome  ho^  fummer 
days,  216  hpgfheads  have  been   drawn  from  it  ;  and 
what  is  very  fingular  there  is  never  more  or  lefs  than 
about  three  feet  of  water  in  the  welh    The  water  was 
fold  commonly  at  three  pence  a  hogiheady  at  the  pump. 
The  Manhattan  company  was  incorporated  in  1798,  for 
fhe  j^iupofe  of  conveying  good  water  into  the  city.  «nd 
thtir*woiks  are  now  nearly  or  <}iiite  completed. 

In  point  of  fo':iability  and  ho^'phulity,  New  '^^ork  i» 
lisirdiy  exceeded  by  any  town  in  the  United  States. 

On  a  general  view  of  this  city,  as  defer  ibed  thirty 
ytjajis  ago,  and  in  its  preft?v^t^ftate,  the  comparifon  is  flut- 
tering 10  the  prefent  age  ;  particularly  the  improve* 
j0ents  in  taftc,  elegance  of  manners,  and  ihat  ealy  un- 
affedled  civility  and  poUt^nacfs  which  form  the  happinefi 
®f  i&icial  inteTcoutfe.  _^i    -. 

The  city  of  Albany  i&fikUiatcd  upon  the  weft  fide  of 
Hudfon's  river  160  miles  north  of  the  city  of  Ne>A- 
Vork,  in  latimde  42*  3^'.  It  cont^iined,  iti  im7»  B63 
dwc}lin>5  houfes,  buik  moiliy  by  irad'aig  people,  on  the 
Ithe  river,  and  ifi-th^old  Dutch  Got.Uiik  ftyle, 


I 


mar 


ft' 


with  the  pable  cud  to  the  ftreet,  which  ci^«Bi  tite  n>«- 


YOItK. 


*is 


•  lye 

m  tha  modern  flyle     In  V.L  .l     "™  "»  *"  «'tr,  xll 
As  great  a  variety  of  lanTO««1f  *<"»»»'«'«»  parts. 

jM:ad  of  floop  nayigation.     I  w/   r  '^^ 

Itis  the  natural  emporium  of  the  C  '/^"^"^^  ««>• 
iarge  extent  of  country  weft  aL  nor »k''''^°^  '"»**«  o^'* 
e«dlent  foil,  abo««^g  i„\\X  «r^M  7""'^^  «^«n 
Indu  market ,  plentifully  watJr  J  ^  u""' *  ^^"^  *«  ^eft. 
«eeb  and  rivers,  as  "e  Uj^?!^^^  "^^'T^^  lakes, 
tiing  with  almoft  tinciamnll!i  P^"/?."3^  P<?opred,  but  fet. 

ants.     No  part  of  America^ff?^'^  '"'^^'**"*  «^  'nbabit- 
«;sfor   emigrants  UiTnThis      A  %*'"r*^^^^^^^^^ 
plated  locks  and  canaLr.        ^"^  «^ijen  thS  contem 

the  Mohawk  river  eretnnT^^*''^?*^^*'"^^^^ 
-to  every  part  of'  hfeoum^^^^^^^^ 

probably  increafe  and  floori  /fi       •^^^"»  ^i»>*ny  will 
-  cuy  ortown  in  the  uS  SW '  ^'""^^  --'  ^^1. 
The  pabhck  buildings  ar^/r       Va      . 

^or  ^-%te.i.ns,"'o^e?^^Ge/.ans'or^H^'^,^^"^^^»  ^^- 
^>r  Epilcopalians,  one  for  \f   f  l-r^'^^  ^^^^^»  one 

Ihe  cty  of  Hiidfon  hi^  hTn  ,.?         n 
<>f  any  place  .n  Amenca  if  1  '''''?  '^P^^  >^^^'-th 

«yiand.     It  .^s  fitaated  nn  K^  n'^^P^  Baltimore  J.  Ma 
in  latitude  4^0  1 '- '''f.'^"  ^^^  ^^^  ^i^e  of  Hudf;>n  nvt 


J  a  lauge  trar^ 


v^6 


NEW.YORK. 


PorgBkeepfierth'e  (hire  towaof  Datcheft  eoonty— 
Xanftngburgh,  fotnaetly  called  the  New  Gity,  onlbc' 
eaft  fidt  of  the  Hudfon,  nine  »Hes  north  of  Albany-i- 
King^on,  the  cowty  town  of  (Jlfter— Skeneftady,  fix- 
tecn  miles  northweft  of  Albany,  onlht  feaiik*  of  the 
Mohawk  rirer— Troy,  feyen  miles  abore  Albany,  z- 
iojiriftiing  town  of  about  200  houfcs — and  "Plattfcurg, . 
in  Ciint*n  county,  fitaated  on  the  weft  margin  of  Lake 
Ghamplaine,  are  all  confiderable  towns.  ^ 

Trade.2     The  fituation  of  New-York,  with  refpea  t*^ 
foreign  markets,  has  decidedly  the  prcfereoce  to  any  of 
the  ftates.     I*  has  at  all  feafons  of  the  year,  a  ihort  and 
eafy  accefs  to  the  ocean.     Nor  hate  the  inhabitants  been 
unmindful, of  theirfuperiour  local  advantages,  but  have  , 
availed  themf€lves  of  them  to  theiriull  extent.  ' 

'Vhe'iT  exports  to  the  Weil  Indies  are  bifcuic,  pea»» 
Indian  corn,  apples,  onions,  boards,  aaves,  horfe^Qieep, . 
butter,  cheefc   piekled   oyUers,   beef,  and  pork.     But 
wheat  is  the  ftaj;>le-  commodity  of  the  ftate.     Weft  In- 
dia good's  are  reeeivcd  in  return  ft)rthefe  articles.     Be- 
sides the  above   mentioned    articles,  are  exported,  flax- 
feed,. cotton  w<>ol,  farfaparilla,  coffee,    indigo,  nee,  pig 
iron,  bar  iron,  potaih,  -peail  aIH,  furs,  deer  Ikins,  leg- 
wood,  fuftick,- Mahogany,  bees  wax,  oil, Madeira  wme, 
rum,  tar,  pitch,  turpentine,  whale  fins,  fi(h,  fugars,  mo- 
iaires,falt,  tobacco,  iard,  Sec.  ;  but  many  of  .thae  articles 
are  imported  for  re-exportation.  The  tradeof  tins  ftate 
has  greatly  increafed  lince  the  revolution,  and  the  bal- 
ance is  almoft  coniiantly  ia  its  fivouj.     The  exports  to 
foreign  parts  for  the  year  ending  September  20th,  1791-1- 
coniilHng  principally  of  the  articles  above  enmmerated, 
amounted  to  2,5 16, 197  dollars.     The  year  ending  Sep-  • 
tember  30,1795,  tney  amounted  to  10,304,5^0,  dollars 
^9  cents,  andiave  tince  wia«h  increafed. 
^^Medicinai  Sprins^t.']     The  moft  noted  fprings  in  this 
ftatt  are  thoie  of  Saratoga.     Tiiey  are  eight  or  nme  m 
jMiftSfcer,  fuuated  in  the  margin  of  a  marlh,  formed  by 
a  branch  of  Kayadnroffora  Creek,  about  twelve  miles, 
welt  irom  iijc  c^Mumviiv^  01- i'lia  *i»:--—  ^i"—  ----- 
M.ivcf. 

Great  lumbers  of  peot^le  under  a  variety  of  maladies 
refc)rt  to  tliefe  f^f  pgs,  and  many  fiod  relief,  and  a  cok- 


NEW-YORK. 


»?7 


fiderable  nnmber  a-compI.te  cure,  particulwly  In  bil. 
jo».d.for4srs  ait  rheum,  .n>'  rda»tion,.  B«  „  3i 
water,  are  unfneadly.  and  e»en  fetal «  fome  difordiS™! 
Aey  ought  ro  be  ufed  under  the  direffi  on  of.  pMeS? 

Suneft  ol'^h'*' '"^  tbepatient..  Ignorant  of  AelSS? 
iir   !i     ,   \  "''"'  ">  "«•'•  «on>pl«ints,  nanr  ha»« 

Tw  t  bV„t°r""'^  *'''  •*'«•«  the'nft^them! 

JNew.L,ebanon  fprings  are  next  in  geiebrity  to  thofe  of 

Saratoga.     New.I,,b,non  i.  a  pleafaht  villag^  6,wed 

tethl'^T"'  ™  V''*'»»n<«ng  emi«ne1  o«^ 
JookinR  the  valley  and  furrouoded  with  a  few  h«i.&. 
wh,ch  »iror.d  but  indifferent    accoJittfoST  1^^ 
l^    ?/ W  "' ^'""t.""'"' '" '■""•■of  he.  th  "m 

«tv"„f''i  I?'*  "*""*■  R™«'»"aer,  nearly  oppefite  tb« 

SL  .!rJL  Tx^"""«  ™°'*<^  the  valuable t.,.ier,ies of 
«he  celebrated  water,  of  Saratoga.  •"-■«> ej 

f  i/«*j,  a»rf  ffttaamSmtlu,.!     There  are  verv  fe«r 
foc,et,e,  for  improvement  in  knoiledge"  humanTt,  k 

al  foc^ft  iTf  """(^i*"""?  fodety-An»riculta^ 
?he  le^  flltir  ''  '«»''''*«'l.  of  wfiich  the  m?mb.r,"f 
«y  and  .  ^'-.f  V'"'-^'^"'  ?"»''"«-*  medical  fod- 
emirri  ^'^'"  *'  i»fo™»«i»n  and  affifta.iee.rf 


^/;4,  there  wa.  ,„  colk^e  in  the  province  of  U  " 
fonnil^*"  ""•*''  ^  ""*''  CoI«mbia  eoUepe,  wa. 

carter  ,  ,      '''""S  o*^  '787.  wa.  put  under  tbt 

care  of  24  gsntlemen,  who  are  a  body  cwnorate      K, 

tl"?:*!!"!''^^"?  "  The -TrafteeaTS-Ct;  eoi^ 


now 


^ts  m  the  four  cldTes,  kcfide  medtctl  ftudeots.    TM 


\ 


i7»  NEW.YORK. 

•fficersof  inftrudion  and  Unmediate  government,  are 
aprefidentt  profeiTor  of  mathematicks  andnaturatphilofo* 
phy»  a  profeflbr  of  logtck  and  geography,  and  a  proCnfTor 
of  laqgiiagedv  A  complete  medical  fchool  has  been 
lately  aqnexed  to  the  collegei  and  able  profeflbrsap^^ 
IK>inted)  by  the  truftees  in  every,  branch  of  that  import<t 
aot  fcience,  who  regularly  teach  their  r^peAive  branch- 
es with  reputation. 

Of  the  twelve  incorporated  academies,  one  is  at  Flat' 
b*if    in  King's  county,  on  Long'Iflanld,  four  nnjles  from 
]       klyn   Ferry.     It  ii  fuu«ted  in  a  pleafant,  healthy, 
r      ^e.    The  building  is  large,  haadfome   and  conve- 

s  t,  an4  is  called  Eraftnus  Hail,     The  academy  is  • 
Ac  iriihing,  under  the  care  of  a  principal  and  other  fub« 
o'  iinate  indrudors. 

There  is  another  at  Eaft- Hampton,. on  the  eaft  endl 
of  Long  Ifland  by  the  name  of  Clinton  academy.  Thift' 
•thers  are  in  different  parts  of  the  ftate^  Befides  thefe». 
there  are  fchools  eftablilhed  and  maintained  by  the  VoU 
untary  contributions-of  the  parents.  A  fpirit  for  lite*- 
r.iry  improvement  is  evidently  diffuilng  its  iniueftcc. 
throughout  the  ftate. 

Religion^.']  fht  vano»s  religious  denominations  'vk> 
this  ftate  are  the  foll6inring  :  EngHfh  Prefbjterians, . 
Dutch  Reformed,  Baptifts,  Epifcopalians,  Friends  or 
Quakers,  German  Lutherans,  Moravians^  Methodifts, 
Roman  Catholicks,  Jews,  Shakers,  and  a  few  of  the  fo!" 
lowers  of  Jemima  Wilkinfon.  The  Shakers  are  princi- 
pally fettled  at  New- Lebanon,  and  the  followers  of  Je- 
mima Wilkinfoa  at  Geneva,  about  twelve  miles  S.  W\ 
of  the  Cayuga  Lake.  ■• 

Military  Strength^  Ry  official  returns  of  the  militia 
of  this  ftate  made  to  the  governour  by  the  adjutant 
general,  it  appears  that  the  total  number,  in  1789,  was 
42,679  ;  1790 — 44,259  ;  1791 — 50,399.  Befides  thefe 
there.are  as  many  as  5,000  or  6,000  of  the  militia  in  the 
»ew  fettlen»ets,,who  are  not  yet  organized. 

Farts.']  At  the  point  where  Lake  George  commani- 
caies  wlthL;?ke  Cjhamplaine,  is  the  famous  poft  of  Ti^ 
'?*cdf  roga,  by  which  word  the  Canadians  underftand 
ft^'i.  The  work^  ai  this  place  are  iu  fuch  a  ruinom 
tf%f  iiJki  'ta  (Iriinger  caa  fcarcely.  form  »ti  idea  of  theif 


fappc 


NEW.YORK. 


c©ftftruaion.  The  J  are  however  fituated  on  fuch  ^  ;i» 
ground  as  to  command  the  communication  between  i^ 
Ukes  George  and  Champlaine.  Oppofite,  on  the  fouA 
fide  of  the  water  that  empties  out  of  Lake  aeorKe,^ * 
mountain,  to  appearance  inacccffible.  called  Mount  De- 
MHnV^'''  General  Bnrgoyne,  in  the  kte  wa?,  widi 
boldnefs,  fecrecy  and  difpatch  almort  unparalleled  Ton 
veyed  a  number  of  ..nnon,  ftores  and  tro^  The  can-" 
non  were  ra.fed  by  large  brafs  teckles  from  tree  to  tree 

fnllT  rt'°  '°'>  «^«r  dens  of  rattle-fnakes  to  he 
fummit.wh.ch  entirely  commands  the  works  of  Ticondc 

fut'  Ji"*  ?'^cumfUnce  m«ft  ever  be  confidered  as  a 
fu  I  juft.ficat.on  of  General    St.  Clair's  fudden  retreat 

mad  '^'t^'V^-^-\^y  ;  andtheobfervan-onwhch^e 
made  on  h,s  tr.al,  .n  his  own  defence,  that,  "  though  hf 

hadJoft.apoft  hehad  faved  aAat;,"  ^s  aSd! 

.  Crown  Point  is  V5  miles  north  of  Ticonderoga,  00 
Lake  Champla^ne.     The  fort  at  tWs,  place,  in  wf  ich  a 
Br.t.(h  ^ari.fon  .vas  alway.  kept,   f. om  the  redSon  of 
Canada  to  the  American  revoJmipn,  was  the  moft  regu- 
jar  and  the  moft  expenfive  of  anreverconft,^«L  ^  j     ' 
f-pported  by  the  Brftiih  governme';.tTCt^m^^^^^^^ 
-^  o«rre/r//^/3     In  the  county  of  Montgomery,  is  a  fnJl  « 
wpid  ftream,  emptying  into  Scroon  lake,  w^ft  of  ^  * 
George  ;  ,t  runs   u^ndera  hill,  the  bafe  of  which  is  6* 
or  70  yards  d.ameter,  forming  a  n,oft  curious  and  b  au- 
hful  arch  m   the  rock  as  white  as  fnow.     l^he  fury  of 
he  water  aqcf  the  rouglinefs  of  the  bottom,  added  [o  the 

from  n  V'^\"^^^V"'  ^''  ^^^^^^^^  P'''^^^^<i  an/pe^foa 
trom  paffia^  through  t)ie  chafm.  ^ 

isiV}!''''^'''ff-  °|  WUlfborough,  in  Clinton  county. 
^r^I'T  ^^^''  ^°"^-  ^  P^'"t  of  «  niountain,  which 
projeaed  about  50  jards  into L..keChamplaine,app^^^^^^ 
to  have  been  broken  by  fome  violent  ft^ock  of  nTure 
It  ,s  removed  from  the  main  roek  or  mountain  aW 
2«  feet  and  the  oppof.te  fides  fo  e^adlly  fuit  ea  h  other 
thato     ne  ds  nootlur  proof  nf  their  Ling>~' 
united.     The   point  broken  off  cont'ainj^^hmjt  h.}f ^ 
«^'c,,  anci  ,G  covered  with  wood.     The  "heicht  of  the 
'^^^Wt.ea^'iifi^etlieiifi'ure  is  about  cwchefect.  Kouui 


\ 
\ 


lU 


NEWYORK. 


1^' 


Unf|>Duit!sj|if(MtciQus  b«f,  flieltered  from  the  f«uth<» 
m^ti  ViA  nottiiwcft  windt  by  the  furrounding  hills  and 
"tltiodi*  On  die  weft  fide  a^e  four  or  five  finely  cultivated . 
fsuoiSy  which)  at  ccruia  feafoBS»  and  in  certain  fltua- 
tionsy  formoneof  them^  beautiful  land fcapes  imagina* 
kiff.  Sailing  underthis  coaft  for  icreral  miles  before  you 
come  to  Spat  Rock»  the  mountains,  rwh  and  barren, 
fcon  to  hang  OTcr  the  pa/Tenger  and  threaten  deflruAion. 
A  Waur)  bouodleis  to  the  fight,  lies  before  him— Man 
feels  his  own  littlenefs,  and  Infidelity  itfelf  pays  an  un- 
willing homage  to  the  Creator.  Inftantly  <ind  unexpect- 
edly &t  fcenie  changes  and,  peeping,  with  greedy  eye, 
through  the  iffure,  nature  prefects  to  the  view  a  filvor 
Imfoa—^  verdant  lawn — a  humble  cottage-— a  golden 
hanreft— -a  majeftick  foreft — a  lofty  mountain,  and  an 
azure  flcy,  rifing  one  above  another  in  juft  gradation  to 
the  amazing  whole. 

JndUns.'\  The  body  of  the  Six  Confederated  Nations, 
vi«.  the  Mohawks,  Oneidas,  Tufcarora',  Ssnecas,  and 
Onondagas,  infiabit  in  the  weAem  payrs  «f  this  (late. 
The  principal  part  of  the  Mohawk  tril  :  '  jon  Grand 
river,  inftTpper  Canada. 

The  following  will  jrive  an  idea  of  uhe  cbaraders, 
^which  according  to  Indian  tradition,  are  excluded  from 
^he  happy  country.  "The  region  of  pare  fpirits,  the 
Five  Kations  call  EJcanant.  The  only  chavaaers  which 
according  to  their  traditions,  cannot  be  admitted  to  par- 
ticipate of  the  pleaufures  and  delights  of  this  happy  coun- 
uy,  are  reduced  to  three,  viz.  fuicides,  the  difobedient 
to  the  counfels  of  the  chiefs,  and  fuch  as  put  away  their 
wives  on  account  of  pregnancy.  According  to  their 
tradition  there  is  a  gloomy  fathomlefs  gulf  near  the 
borders  of  the  delightful  manfions  of  Eflcanane,  over 
which  aH .  g#od  and  brave  fpirits  pafs  with  fafety  under 
the  condudtof  a  faithful  and  ikilful  gvide,  appointed 
for  that  pUTpofc  ;  but  when  a  fuicide,  or  any  of  the 
abovementioned  chartflers  stpproaches  this  gulf,  the 
coi^duClor,  who  poffeffes  a  moft  per*tr«ting  eye,  inftantly 
difcovers  their  ^ititnal  features  ?ind  charaaers,  and  de- 
nies them  his  aid,  afiigning  bis  reafbns.  They  will, 
however,  itteknpt  to  crofi  upon  a  fmall  pole,  which 


f 


NEW-YORlt. 


^tfor    th-^Tre^hthe.lddk,  trembles  an.     ^afces  till 
prcfe  .tl)       wn  they  fall,  witfi  I  >rnd  iKrieks.     S   .k" 

fom.  r,y  ^  ^  j^^^^^j  ^r  gr  It  dog, 

him  r  rpetually  rcttlcfs  and  fpiteful.     itl  S^h,;  ^tV 

,  Itam.  ot  this  mifti^k  rt   ion  all  ca^ch  .S?.5  r  I-    Y^' 

great  dog,  and  gmpc  and^;^™'  ^^-^*'  ^^e  ofthe 

gloomy  .anfion  r,  perpetual  tor  ..rl^Jt^lt,'^ 
theyappr  ,ch  f  near  the  happy  Le  ds  o7  Fr  ™ 
that  they  ca.  .car  the  fongs  aS^dances  of  fhel  f  "*"*' 
companions.  Thi,  only  for ves  toklel  rt."    J       '"'•*'* 

a.  they  can  Jifcern  noVrnor"  :4t ':^^^^^^^ 

by  which   hey      n  gain  ,cctfs  to  the.       Thev   f„n^^ 

Long-rfland  extends  140  miksMft    .^j  »      • 
*im  Montaulc  Point.     It  i,  not  ™!!i  U    "^  t<™mate. 

breadth,  on,  n,e*am.  and  is fenTm.,    ?"  "V''«  '■" 
cut  by  Long-Ifland  Sound.     TKiTJ''/^™  ^Pr""' 

T  he  fouth  fide  of  die  ifl^„d  is  flat  I^n?     r    i-  , 
^dy  foil     bordered    on  the  1^  corituh'^V;??;?"; 
falt-meadow,  extending  from  the  weft  point  SXl^ji 
to  Southampton.     '1  l^is  foil  howev,     is  well    '  I     ,      ? 
for  ra.nng  grain,  efpecially    fndian    corn       'k   "''^'^ 
ride  of  the  ifl^nd  is  hilly,  and  of  a    tbrnl-  V   1  ^^"^«^* 

extends  from  Jamaica  to  Southhold-  X.^K  .^'"' 
cattle  feed  upon  the  Ham^eaS  p  in',  a nd^on  twf 
inarfhes  upon  the  fouth  r,de  of  the  ifl.nd  ^'^  ^'^ 

^  Ihe  produce  of  the  middle  and  weaern  nar^c  • 
ned  10  New-York.  wewern  p^rts  is  cap-- 

Stalen-lfland  lies  nine  miles  fouth  we."  nf  fh.     '.       ^      " 
New  York,  and  forms  Richmond  co^ny      /^j/^^  °^ 
eighteen  miles  in  length,  and  at  x  med  .m    r     *  ^^^''"^' 
-  breadth,   and  coLins  ,^6,'  "^0^?'  ?L'«-» 
u;uuiuue  IS  a  conftderable   tr"a<ftofJever~c^^jr    T" 
b«t  the  ifland  m  general  is  roughf  and^c  I^IU  higt    ' 


^- 


la 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


no 


us 

US 


I 


2.5 
2.2 

2.0 

1.8 


IL25  i  1.4 


1^ 


/ 


/: 


/^ 


7 


Photographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.V.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


^.^^^> 

^^.'^4'- 


■>" 


:NEW.JERSEY. 


■•    J^ 


( f 


^  ffifiiry.J  See  Smith's  Hifteirjr  ©f  KewiYofk,  ^' 
0htd  ^  Matthew  Ca^ey-^and  Hitzard's  CoUe^iop 
yqf  S^teFaperi 


^•ffimrtmi 


■as: 


*«: 


^  $»I0' 


:0^r^->i' 


iM"  ' 


fJEW-JERSEX. 

\8lt!74tld«i    AND   Ea&TENfr. 


let. 


^....  ^. 


'59*' & 41* 24' N.    ♦Fhehodypf ^ 


'%*^?i.*      i  between -{the  State  lies  between  the  me 
breadth  52^  Indian  of  Philadaiid  trE;lon. 

»  ^  •  n  1>  OUWDED  cart,  by  Hudftrfs  mer  and 
c^mdangs.^  JJ  tlieicat  fou^h.  by  ^e>fca ;  weft,  >y 

iDelaware  bay  and  riv^r,  which  divide  it^om  the  States 
^f  I)elaware  and  l^ennCylvania  ;  and  north  bjy  KeW- 
,  %prk.    Containwig  i||?<mt  $,$  »o  (gw^  ,inite^,  jk^jj^  to 

^  rCiviipivi/ion/,  Populathni  i^c:^    Ncwjerfey  is<^^y»d- 
^  ^di  into  V3  counties,  as  Ibllows  ; . 

•f  Countlea.  cCfakfTot^qa. 


I 


»■    o  41 

s  as*: 


Countlea. 
'Cape  May 

Cur)»bcrland    JBridgetflwn 
Salem 

Woodbucy   and^ 
Oluuceftcr  j 

BorlingtQO    aqd> 
Bordentown       ^ 
TrcQton 
Newtown 


Salem 
Oiouceficr 

Burlington 

Hunterdpn 

Suflex 


I  Bergen 
Effcz 

.So*|^     1^  Monmouth 
%    ^Somcr(et 


Hackinfack 
Newark  and  > 
Blizabethtown  i 
Amboy  and  part ) 
of  Brunfwick> 
JPieehoJd 

Boundbrook  and  } 
partofBrunfwick) 
Morriftuwn 


tQUi    ;rhktcai. 


''^' 


No. 
<No.  Inhab.  Slave.*. 
3.0^6  98 

9,5*9         75 
1<>,\IJ!         ,6* 

ai,s6i    1,220 
^aj34      5«4 

15,X54    a,8»5 

a»,a69    i,5ai 

17^^95    V^ 
19,673     *>a3«  , 

ra.Sii    1,86' 

«7.750       775 

UM49  ^*A^* 


C 


.#>, 


<^,  dH  4)h€teft  ahd  (dttthcaa,by  HtidTpn's  rlvi  and  the 
^^1  ana  on  thi  ^ia,  by  the  r.W  Wa^a^  *^ 

^^^r^^l^^'llx^^!^  the  common  road  ;frx,m^ 
«ew-York  to  HiiladelphtA  crofles  three  cdnfideraWe 
meij  v.*  the  H.ck«i&cfc  and  Paflaife,  between  S 

.in*2f  **^  r*"^  crookeA^er.  ft  is  njtirigaWe  abpiie 
ten  tmlesi  a6d  Is  ^30  yards  wide  at  the  ferry.'  The  m- 
araa  (or  great  faHs)  in  this  river  is  one  of  \he  er^a^: 

0?t5*»  rW*»  and  mt^ve^TH  a  flow  gert tie  .^u rent  untir 

wiftchcftofles  the  channel,  it  defcends  and  falU  above  70 

the^eleft,^Kih  was  evidently  made^  by  fome   vioJ.t 
c6ntu*f,on.m  nature JsclcSed,  at  the  oLr/the  waSr 

^gfc  with  Its  former  rfire<ftroh  artd  is  received  into  a 
Wbafon,whenceJt  takes  a  winding  cSlhS 

l/^^!;.^"5  ^^'"'^^'^  •'^^  *  ^^°»^  fniaoth  dream.  -Jhe 
cleft  rlfrom'fonr^ti.twelve  feet  broad.    The  Sn^  of 

t^!^,^^^"^"^  of  vapour  to  arife,  wllichPby 
Xl^l^^f^V""""  *'^^"!^»P»-«f«nt'»  rainbows  t9  the: 
itewm w^Sf5  ^'^^^^   '■''  '^  tremendous  fcene.     The 

caluSlhfnonr''!??'^^^  connderable  ^^ 

the^aterJof  thelnlmr^  K^^^^  mmglmg  i^tl^ 

the  fine  harbour  of  AmSoy  ^^'  ^'^^^  '^  ^'^^ 

i^i^^.^"^   "^""^    P^'^^^'    Hackin- 
jacic  alid   Raritan  rivers,  on    the   poft  road    betweei*^ 

AnnX"  "fSi'*'^^*''^^^''  ^"^'^^^  *^«*'«  two  great  eitiei. 
^^J^^^       contemplated  ov^  th<?DdS 


.* 


if 4     .  NEW-JBRSET* 

fpAit  9f  tie  Country^  MmaiKim,\     Tit  emmStt  t^ 
'  M  0tui  Produahn*,  |  Sdflei,  Morris|.  and 

illrnonheni  part  of  Bergec»  are  mQimt«inpi|t^ 

Asn^ich  as  6ve  eighths  c^moft  of  the  iG^isitbeni  cptti^ 

tics,  or  one  fourth  ofthe  whole  ftate,  is  almoft  enturelff 

i  fiwdy  harreA,  ttofit  in  manj  parts  lor  cnltivatton. 

^  This  ftate  has  ail  the  varieties  of  {oil  from  the  ij^orft 

'^  the  heft  kind.    The  good  land  ta  the  fosthem  coun* 

Dies  Kes  princfji>ailf  on  the  banks  of  riverS  aad  creeks* 

The  barrens  produce  Imle  dfd  but  tb^b  oaks  and  yeU 

Ibw  pines.  Thefe  fandy  lands  yield  an  immlHiie  quapti- 

|ijr  of  bog  ir6n  ore^  which  is  worked  up  to  great  a$ivaii« 

^ttfge  in  the  iron  works  in  thefe  counties. 

y  In  the  hilly  and  moonuinota  parte  of  the^at((» 


(J- 


^f  wliich  are  not  too  rocky  for  cultivation,  the  foil  is  of  a 

^  firoriger  kind  and  covered  in  its  n^iural  ftate  with  ftate* 

'  ty  oaks,  hickories,  che^Mits  &e.  and  when  cuUivated^ 

produces  wheat,  rye,  Indian  com,  buck  wheat,  oats» 

t  -  barley,  flax,  and  fruits  of  all  kinds  common  to  thecli- 

^    matCk    The-hind  in  this  hilly  country  isgoo4for  graa* 

^'^Jfig,  and  farn>ers  fe'ed  great  numbers  of  cattle  for  New- 

;4^inork  and  JPhtiadelphia  markets. 

^  The  orehardsy  in  many  jtarts  c^  the  ftate^  equal  a^ 

;/ in  the  United  States,  and  their  cider  is  faid(and  ace 

I  iHrkhoutreafon)  to  be  the  beft  in  the  world. 

I       iThCmarkets  of  Newr York  and  {^iladelphia  receive 

f  a  very  confiderabie  proportion  of  their  fupplies  from  the 

I    contiguous  part  of  New- Jerfey.     Thefe  fupplies  confift 

i   of  vegetables  of  many  kinds,  apples,  pears,  peaches, 

j    plums,  ftrawberries,  cherries  and  other  fruiu-~cider  in 

^  fiu^e  quantities,  buttlH'^  cheefe,  beef,  pork,  mutton,  and 

the  te^r  meats. 

Trade.'X  The  trade  of  this  ftate  is  carried  o«i  almoft 
Ibkly  with  and  from  thofe  two  great  commercial  cities, 
Kew-York  on  one  fide,  and  Philadelphia  on  the  other  ; 
though  it  wants  not  good  ports  of  its  own. 

Munufiiaures  and  Agricuhure,'\  The  pannfa^res  of 

this  ftate  have  hitherto  been  inconfiderable,  not  fuffi- 

I  €i)»itto  fiipply  its  own  confumptions,  if  we  except  the 

'    articles  of  iron,  nails  and  leather.     A  fpirit  of  induAry 

Valid  improvement,  particularly  in  manufadure^  hi^ 

Nkoweves  greatly  iacreafed  witbia  a  few  ^eaii. 


.1 


n. 


c 


■> 


»KW.JERSEY;  ,      ,,3^ 

4Kto  r„Lr  oV't^^^^^^^^  <f^f  of  nS^ 

ni«,t  for  thefi, Xts  and arTr  "^^f^'r /n^  contc- 
this  county  aloif^are  nd  l«r«  rJ^*i  »  J^^-        qfalitjr.  fn 

,  ef  pigs,  80  do.  of  nail  rods,  Mdufive^rhiv  J^^* 

»i.      f*^"^  paw.ot  the  inhabitants  ^feDutrk  ^kT^   1 

Minis.  tKey  ftiiX^r ^d  ^^3     " ?'*.,'.'^**''«  "»'■' 
■  Indad thkUmcTLi^h.^"°{''^^lS  *«  heft. 
-m,„  people,  anTpr^;s"'?±i'"r ''°''^"^*'"^ 

the-fti.t^      Th-   .   "":  ^'*"<^"s,   in  diflferent  parts  of 

^.,„.^    .   „„„P^_  t^.^jjjg  tojrether  in  a  bo^*.  TIj 
i»  this  way  their  nernli'a..  « ,••-. «  ,  "^^  "•  *  ooay,  and ;  . 


i 

V 


'm 


/ 


NEWJERSEY. 


V" 


■■*^ 


^■1 


pcxira-  ckfs  of  people,  wha  have  little  iotercoiirft  wkk 

- ;  m  bait  thoCc  of  their  own  nation.  The  ocople  of  Ne^ 

-v^jfefaiegeneraUy  induarious,  fhigal  and  hoTpiublc. 

«ere  are  Qomparackely  bnt  few  men  of  leaininir  m 

^   Uieaale,norcanU  b«  Jiid  that  the  peo^  in  Maeral 

l^haire^a  u(|e  for  thc^  fciences.    The  poorer  dafs  (i» 

%bicb  BMjr  6e  inclodcda  conadenUe  proportion  of  the 

-  ;^ii^tantf  of  the  f  hole  ftate)  are  inattentive  to  the 

e^^tMia  of  |^>  children,  who  are  but  too  generally 

.^  10  mp^  Ip  in,  ignoiance.    Thew  arc,  however,  a 

OiiQber  of  mtlemen.  of  the  firft  rank  in  abilities  and 

i^  leanMng  in;^  civit  oBket  of  the  Aaie,  and  an  theiev- 

V^eral  Icarnediiraleflioiit.  . 

-     M^m.'i  'Wlimtm^is^  this  ftate.  about  50  Preft*.^ 
eeriaAcongreg^oni,  fhhjeaed  to 1^ care  of  three  Pi5*. 
^r^f^^.\^'^:^  **  New-York^of  New-Brunfwick. 
and  Rbiladelphfa.     A.part  of  the  charge^  of  NewYork 
•nd  Philadelphia  Prt^yteries  Re*  ia  New-Jerfcy,  and 
^^art  in  their  own  refpeSive  ftatet. 
/f     Befidet  IM  there  are  upwards  of  40  coiwt^ation* 
f  t^  FtientU— |o  of  ftaptins— 25  of  CpifcopaliSiMS  ^ 
'  -Dutch  reformed,  befides  MethodtiU^nd  a  fettlemeot 
Moravians.     AU  thefe  religious  denominations  liir 
jether  in  peace  and  harmony  1  and  are  allowed  by 
^^thff^nft^ution  of  the  ftate,  to  worship  Almighty  God 
^^^jgreeaUy  t^  the  dilates  of  their  oivn  conicicnces. 
'^  CfiUf!gfs,  AcadtmifSf  and  School*,']    There  are  two  cok 
>  /  Nfts  in  New-Jerfey  ;  one  ^  Princeton,  caUed  Naflaik- 
I  /    Hall,  the  other  at  fimnfwick,  called  Queenfis  college. 
)    The  latter  however  exifts  at  prefcnt  onlyji^  name. 

The  college  at  Pirinceton  has  been  onder  the  cave  ^ 
a  fucceflton  of  prefidents^  eminent  for  juety  and  learn- 
ing ;  and  has  furnifhcd  a  number  of  Cinlians»  £livines» 
and  F%ricians,  of  the  firft  rank  in  America.    The  col- 
l«g2^««»s  burnt  in  March,  180s,  but  is  now  rebuilding. 

There  are  a  number  of  good  academies  in  this  ftate^ 
viz.  at  Freehold,  TremosyHackinfack,  Orangedale,  Eli- 
'/abcthtown,  Burlington  and  Newark. .  ^fidcs  thtfe 
\  there  are  grammar  ichools  at  SpringficJ^MorrUlow^, 
L  Bordentowo  and  Amboy.  ^  rX  ; 

■  ^'^''**'r-JulMtf  T(/wm.'\    There  «re  a  9nmbM>  r^t  !-#%««.:«  *VX. 


<3 


SZ?    iSi    LU25 


.fttne,  nearly  of  equsd  tat  aailtf^f taacet  and  none  thait 


>^j 


Mil 

If  I 

Jcri 

the 

neai 

lau't 

PhU 

Wart 

Xfoi 

phta 

fb 

hetwi 

^tiiat 

Hool 

aent. 

iBn 

R»rit] 

built  J 

pleafai 

hill  wl 

Prill 

5»  mil 

Its  coll 

£liz; 

York, 
tility  tc 
New< 
handibi 
I ;     town. 

*My  to  xl 

f  live  coui 

hchofen  ai 

Theh 

worn  ea 

.The  gem 

fromcacl 

h^^^r,  cc 

■  4^.000  m 
-Haaards 


wsmjERerEirr 


>'  ^1 


'.*  •*«»»■ 


""■kS-^  flo'u.^^  ^Sr,  St'**-  It » >  - 


■  t' 

i 


U 


m^ 


rtxtlunwhifOK 


/ 


'1  ■  ' 

:5^ir^SiW*>rf^^^^^^^  tfiii^  (b^e*  •  men  G««iid 
for^lkcJby  aU  other.,  hermmiia  VJ  fVfSl'SLw 

Britilt  army,  tlnbi^irilriat  «wNi««<^^  f«5f.  ««^: 

«t«rc  with,  prcdplgtion,  and  V^^^W'^&J^^^^ 

4JS«».«A)irthe.W^<«iati,  a^  otily  ©biervt^  ift^gencwl 
Sat  t^many  militarrafchifcveinenU  perfo^ 
jel«M  faW5«tt,zWc^i*ft*««  on«  o^  thcfirftranksaaong 

tf  p^ufrTii  theadtontpttihiiim^jf  tl^  late  glorious  reV- 


"rt4^  ..^! 


4. 


.'1      \.h\ 


-;-r  *\ 


.SixyAxrtMi  AUttExTRUT* 


Iin<^J 


S4.  Mi1«iF 

^  '  .  Tl  OtFNDEX>  caft  tor  Delaware  tiver 

^O^rth  by  ^^w  York  r  nortWefl  tty  ^^!^^^. 
Erie  J  weftibythe  weaerftterntory,  and  apart  01  vix 
"A^V^A^a  E-n  oWlrgitua^MarylaiHl  and-P^- 


firain* 

lle%fii 
thtfbl 


Qitj  am 
of  Phil 

Bucks 

Dritwan 

CheRer 

IftucaOBi 

Berk*. 

I<azeriie 
Daupbia 

WajwK 
Adaiito  - 

Allti^Iian' 
AriaAroiif 
Beaver 
Bedford 
Buttfer 
Crawford 
Cumberlai 
Fayette 
Franklin 
<^eeia 
HuQtiiwdo 
I'Vcoming 
s*fc»cfr 
Miffittlki 
Scmerfct 
Venaaga 
Warrca 
Wa&ingto 
Wcftoioreti 
York 
Irie 

Toiai 


ittrtliiui 
GkiMral 

iictol»e- 

fiAgthof 
Hiisre'is 
efs  of  the 
romeefi- 
rtcfiltved 

e turned 

eiii|fe8, 

Uttm  to 

fgrAeciittl 

Lt«llH^t 

Mve  this 
I  general 
td  by  the 
ks  among 
o'tllhare 
riousrcv* 


arc  rivet 


t  of'  la»* 
artofVif* 

I  and-P«* 


#W.    TheiRate   lici  itf  die  ibm  o#  a  pivdld^ 


#n 


TASLE. 


'^■:*.'i' 


_  ftMmtki. 
9tf  tod  Conafy  > 
of  Phil«(l«|p|ii«  t 
M<inigpmay 

luckT  ;: 

ChetHer 


BcrU 


I A 


Mortluunptoa    '■" 

Dauphin 
WorthomberlMid. 

Adam*  - 

AlUfhany 
Aria(lroiu> 
Beaver 
Bedrord 
Buttfef     . 
Crawford 
Cumbcrlaml 
Fayecte 
Franklia 
Grec» 

HuotiiMdott 
Lycoouog 
silercfr 

Bfiffitt  Ac  CuUer 
Scmerfct 

WwrcB 

W«IIiiagt<m 

Weftotor^tantf 

Yofk 

Brie 


a 

«i  -# 
40 

36 

t6 
i& 

/J 
6 

11 

.  •» 
l» 
17 

H-  ^ 
ao 
t8 

» 

»4 

6. 


'v!t.        1800. 


Toul. 


«4.«J0 

43««03. 
3d;o6r 


iiorriftowtt 

Neirtowa 

ChcOet 

WcQ  Cheder 

Xouncvfter 

'Rcadhw 

•Mj^  Wiii^biM^ 
aa,a^o    Rirriihiii 
17.7g    Suobury 

»3.<7a 
»3.oi7 

X.7<6 
•aojy 

aoAj[o 

K69S 

Ji4f4 
,3>aao 

i3A)Sf 

if<3& 

ajj 
as.apfr 
aa.7ai^ 

m  .4M 


4i.aa» 


«i/,' 


#j 


PtttOiirf 


Btdford 


Ckrlifle' 
Unidtt 


5J» 

y»« 

T 

9*7 

1 

4H 

4,aoa 
•4W    ^ 

1: 

»«««      % 

-  '  1 

-tflf 

/ 

>4^ 

6^ 

f 

»»y% 

7^ 

Hmt&^gdMi        »^^ 


•I 


ii 


ipp 


fmm^um<( 


Mkiffi^    'thenvrt  fa.  <»nf^eraMe«iv/a|,  wliiif^ 


tmd  rTver  lielawarV^re  h4^  frdtfifmit^fea  up  tb  the 


jaWefrdttrmi^rea 
great  or  lower  faMt  at  Trenton,  155  miltir;  Hl^  dif- 
mnce  of  PbUadelphta  from  the^'fea  is  about  60  roilei ' 
acroA  thit  land  in  a  S.  W.cqttr(e4o  tife  New-Jerfc^coaft, 
and  1 20  miket  by  the  (hip  channel  of  the  Delaware.  So 
llttJtis  navigabre  for  a  74vgun  (hip* 
^fM9untMifiJ^  Face  of  the  Country '  and  Soil.^  A'  coiifid- 
ttabl^  pEOp^tioAoftli^s  ftate  may  be  dft\\t4  mountain- 


'€-( 


E/- 


Northampton,  I  thr(m^  which  pal^, 
tArious.namesthe  nttiherous  rfums  and  fprn^s,  which 
COUc^tively  fpriig  ^|iat^5)f c  i^hooie  w  call,  for  thd  iake  of 
gejirfteft.  "  T^^eat|t?i|»ge  of /MlegaAy  Mountains." 
^e  vales  between  tbe^  ^lount^fts  are  genetkl!|^  of  a 
ndtki  black  feiil,  fuited  to  the  various  kinds  of  gram  and 
glafs^  Somt  of  the  mountains  wiH  admit  of  eukivation 
airooft  to  thieir  tops.  The  other  parts  of  the  ftate  arc 
gencrallf  lev^)jr  or  .agre?at»ly  yari^tild  with  hilj^  and' 
rallies.-  .    ,  '  ''^'"•"    ''* 

A  fffcat  proportion  of  the  ftale  isN^Ood  land,'  s^nd  rto' 
inconlderable  part  is  v^rjr  good.  Perhaps  the  propor- 
tion of  firft  rate  Und  Is  riot  gfcatier,  in  amy  of  the"  Unit- 
ed Sftates.  T^  richeft  pjirt  of  the  ftate  that  is  Kttled,  is 
Jiancatler  county,  and  the  valley  liirough 'Cumberland, 
York  and  Franklin.*  '^t  richcftJ  that  is  unfet!tlc4»  » ' 
.  hetween  Allegany  rivtrknd  Lak«  Brie,  11^  the  north  weft 
cbrAerof  the  ftate,' and  in' the  coi;^ntryfron  the-hcads  of 
the  eafter n  branches  of  the  .Allegahjr .  •  ,  ^       ! 

Produafonit  Mamfaaurui  .\  Wt  nitmlqn  5^^fe  diif^ 
A^rictihure^Exportii&c^yStt&a^'^wltt  together 
becaufe  it  is  difficult  to  feparate  themi^  Thejprodoetf^ 
m4nufa«ftdrcs  and  exports  of  ^^nn^lvania  a^e  very 
many  and  various;  viiBt Vheat, rje,  ^dian «orn« btf ck- 
wheat,  iron,  gunpowder,  cannon  ball,  iron  cannon,  muf- 
kitts,  lumber,  ihips,  bricks,  &c.  &c.  ftc. 

f     lu  uic  yzJiT  »70u,  uiscir  wijpui  w  ui  xx^-uz  WSTS  ijv,^— " 

'  ttarrels  $  ia  1 7 IS 7  they  Were  ao2,do»  barrek  ;  ia  1 7^9 


.Wawsti^/tn 


J-  .1 


frontier  countieV  tn^  .,       '^    °^**"'  ''^^  wcftefB  aiii 
.  Jttlnne. ..  l.fft!!:rr  ^?.5  „'*<^   '?^0Pa»  prejudices.  Lh*. 


V" 


^**^rary.  Humane,  u„„^,,,, 
numerous  and  flourifli 


Wore 


othr  ufefui SocieUtr,-]  tfefe, 
-    iinguiPcnoiylv«ua,than 


*are 
ir 


n» 


PENKBYLVANIA. 


\n 


m 


!  't ' 


ly  of  the  fixteen  RatedL^  The  names  of  thefe  !inpri»«w 
ing  inftitutkmt  iure  as  follows :  The  American  Philofo* 
dIms^  Sfpcierp  held<at  Philadelphia,  for  promoting  uieful 
|;noirled|;e,  fonned  January  ad,  i  y'Sp-— Tlie  Society  for 
pit>inotuig  Pplitical  inquiries,  inftituted  in  Fehrukry, 
i^8^..TEe  CoUege  of  Phyficians,  inftttnted  in  1787, 
fo^  the  prcMnotion  of  medical,  anatomical  and  chymical 
Inowleag^t  incorporated  1 789 — ^The  PeiinfyWanian 
HofpitaJ^Thc  Philadelphia  Diipenfary  for  the  medical 

'  reUef  ^  the  poor— The  Pennlylvania  Society  for  pro- 
moCmg  the  abolition  of  (lavery,  and  the  relief  of  free 
Negroes  unlawfully  held  in  bondage— The  Society  of 
tjbe  United  Brethreji  for  popagattiig  the  gofpel  i^ong 
the  heathens,  inftituted  in  17B7  to  be  held  ftatedly  at 
Bethlehem— The  Pennfylvanian  Society  for  the  en«our. 
agement  of  manufactures  and  nfeful  arts.  Befides  thefe 
there  is  alfo  a  focidty  for  alleviating  the  miferies  of 
prifons-a>-.and  a  Humane  Society  for  tne  recovering  aad 
reftoring  to  life  the  bodies  of  drowned  perfons  inftitnt- 
«d  in  1770 — A  Society  for  the  aid  and  proteAlon  of 
Irilh  Emigrants — An  Agricultural  Society— A^  Society 
for  Grrn^an  emigrants- — A  Murine  Society — A  Chari- 
table Sociiety  for  the  fupport  of  widows  and  families  of 
Prefbyierian  Clergymen— A  fociety  for  the  informa- 
tion and  afllftancc  of  emigrants — iSt.  George's,  St  An- 
drew's and  the  Hibernian  Charititble  Societies.  Moft 
of  thefe  focieties  are  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia 

.  /fX^oUeges^  Academes  dnd  Schools.'^  In  Philadelphia  is  the 

f'yni^etfuy  of  Pcnnfylvania,  and  the  College  and  Acad- 

'  ^y  of  Philadelphia^^-'An  aA  to  unite  ihcfc  two  inflitu- 

tions.has  paffed  thfe  legiflature  ;  by  their   union  they 

wjXl  conflitute  on&  of  the  moft  refpedtable  ftminaries 

of  learning  In  the  United  States. 

■^  Diclcenfon  College  at  Carlifle^.  1 10  Ihiles  weftward  of 
Philjidelphia,  was  founded  in /i  783  In  1787,  there 
Were  80  Itudents  beloning  to  this  college  ;  the  num- 
ber is  anually  increafing.  It  was  named  after  His 
JExcellency  John  Dickenfon  \ 

-  '^  In  1 78  7,  a  college  was  founded  at  LancaftettVS  miles 

.  from  Philadelphia  and  honoured  with  the  iiame  of 
^a^in  College,  after  Jits  ekc«Ileticy  Dr..  FtanklilB. 
llils  college  ^  %'^e  Ucrdnaos. 


P'r^d  .t  was  c  Jrf  the  to:"rf  ffi' :  7°'  ••  brfor.  i^,' 
'ne  number  of  iMknTk-        '  '^'^'^adelphia.  ^ 

^v  purpofe  but  a«  f«  »u  .    ■  ^"  A-«berties.  whiVh  ►« 
?» P"ts  of  th  "il'/°A"^  government.  .rT.^iij'arrf 


ft 


■  ?"«  witttin  the  fa^:  r^"  '»°°  'h'  number  of  ^,^?'• 
"»«berbfi„h^^' '^r:'?.  amounred  to  67.8,  "''^^'; 
'^^  one  third  jir  "" '""«'«'.  't « i-upUi  ,5^^ 

area  f^,W:  "  ''"^'■"^  ^'rft-P  are  „„„„<,u, „, 
,  TJ^rnends  or  Qi,,t„.  ,  The  German  ,    „ 


»94 


PEilNSYLVANfA* 


The  Bapttfts,  i    |  The  Methodias,  i 

TheUuiverfalBaptifts,!    |  The  Jews,  i 

The  other  publick  buildings  in  this  citj,  befides  the 
univeriitf » and  college  already  mentioned,  are  the  fol- 
lowing, viz. 


A  flate  hdufe  and  offices, 
Two  city  court-houfcs, 
A  county  court-houfe, 
A  carpenter's  hall,  ^ 
A  pbilofophical  fociety's 

hall, 
A  difpcnfary, 
A  hofpital  and  offices. 
An  aim's  houfe, 


Two  incorporated  banks, 
A  houfe  of  correflion, 
A  dramatick  theatre, 
A  publick  obfervatory, 
A  medical  theatre  and  ele- 

boratory, 
Three  brick  market  houfes, 
A  filhmarket, 
A  publick  gaol. 


Whether  we  confider  the  localiituation,  the  fize,  the 
beauty,  the  variety  and  utility  of  the  improvements  in 
mechanicks  and  maiiufaflories,  or  the  induftry,the  enter- 
prize,  the  humanity,  and  the  abilities  of  the  inhabitants 
of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  it  merits  to  be  ranked  among 
the  firft  cities  in  the  United  Sutes. 

The  borough  of  Lai  catter  is  the  largeft  :nland  town 
in  the  United  States;  It  is  the  featof  jufiice  in  Lan- 
cafter  county,  and  Oands  on  ConoPoga  Creek,  58  miles 
by  the  new  turnpike  road,  a  little  to  the  north  of 
weft  from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  about  800  or  900 
houfes,  befides  a  moft  elegant  court-houfe,  a  number  of 
handfome  churclies  and  other  publick  buildings,  and 
in  1800,4392  fouls,  a  great  proportion  of  whom  are 
manufafturers. 

Carlifle  (borough)  is  the  feat  of  juflicc  in  Cumberland 
county,  and  is  120  miles  weft  of  Philadelphia.  It  con- 
tained in  1 800,  2000  inhabitants,  who  live  in  more  than 
300  ftone  houfes,  and  worftiip  in  three  churches.  They 
Jiavc  alfo  a  court  houfe  and  a  coHepe. 

Pittfljurg,  on  the  wefteri^  fide  of  the  Alleghany  moun- 
tains,  320  miles  weft  ward  of  Philadelphia,  is  beautiful- 
ly fituated  on  a  large  plain,  vhich  is  the  point  of  lard 
between  the  Alleghany  and  Monongahela  rivers,  and 
a  quarter  of  a   mile  above  their  c(>nfluence,  in  latitude 

EetMehem  is  fituated  on  the  river  Lehigh,  a  weftern 
branch  of  the  Delaware,  53  miles  north  of  Philadelphia, 
in  latitude  40**  37'.     The   town  being  built  partly  on 


PJ^NNSYLVANia. 


»95  ' 


Ri'U-  Ld^It'T'^'^  the  church,  is  the  fchool  for 

Ld"fg  and  i^tS  ^rt^n.*''^  %"  '»«"«««  ™ 
mar.  %Tith^!Jv^'Ja      ^"B'""'*''''  German) gram- 

year,  after  to  .Wth«n"''  "  '  ^*°'  »"''  *"  '"o 

m  a  g^eral  aflen.Wy.  confiftifg  .TaTnite^V.^te 

y«r^*S;"cZ«hoS'hif "'r'"  "  =t°'»"'Wi"^° 
in  twelv,      A    I      1-   "",  °®'*  "«"*  «'»»»  "ine  years 

'"pXudvf/il'.'^rir"  ""■'"=- choice,  't^ 
ine  latter  are  divided  into  four  claffes.  Tli« 


19^ 


*. 


rm^stivAMkl' 


tolled  with  new  eleaipns.     Each  cpuhty  chtes  its  ren- 


reftntatives  %iitS^ ''  Th^Sii^it^^ 
trids  formed  %  the  legiflaturcl 


of] 

6f  Marcii,  i68i. 

aflbined  the  reins  of  goverrimfcnt.     Wliiie  he  reinamed 
m  Pennfylvania,  the  laft  td^tftr  ofbthtte^s  of  frame  of 
goyeramept,  which  cbntiniied  until  the  re vohition,  was 
agreed  upon  and  eftahliftied.     This  was  complete^  and 
derivered.to  the  people  by  the  ptoprletait;  OabBerig; ' 
1 70 1 ,  juft^on  his  embarking^for  Eng^na.     The  inh^ht 
itants  of  the  Territory; us  it  was  theh  cafleii,  W  th^  lo^. 
er  counties  refufcd  to  accept  ihis  charter,  and  th'ui'fep'; 
arated  thcmftlves  froni   the 'provin?^'  bfl*ennMvanll 
They  afterwards  had  their  bwn  afl'em^ly,  in  which 'thfc 
governour  of  PtinrifylV^nia  ufed  to  p^dfidfe. 

In  Septeniber,  1 700,  the  SuftraehaniiatH  fe4?ins  Wkht- 
ed^p^.Pertn  all  their  lancTs/ori  bb{h  ficfes^  tbe^ver: 
The  Sui^Uehahnah,  Shawan^ft,  and  Patpm^  Iridiatrti' 
however,,  cnt^a  into  artiaeil^  of  agffeeihent  with  W 
Penn,  by  whfch,  on  ciertain  cohahidiis  of  pe^teafe^' arid 


V  -  '  c  X     s     f:*v  .""  ^"v».vv  */»-'»»  laiinca  ine  grant 

of  the  Sufquehanhah  Indians,  nade  the  pie^eding^ear. 

In  1708,  Mr.  Penn  obtained  from  th/Sach<!ni8  of  the 

country  a  confirmation  of  the.graiits  mad^  by  foVnier 

Indians  of  all  the  lauds  frpni't)uckJCre'ek  to  the  moiih- 


tains,  an<j  from  |he  Delaware  to  the  KufqAebanhali.    In 
this  de^ed  the   Sachems'  decJared  th,i't  ••  iheV  hacl  fceri 


ber»5»  1.701 


^   fel^^;fei^^^»^#i^  tcm^/wfiicli^ll^  Pciiii  otf^fed  to 
Ifettrcrs,  andean  uplimited  lolCTation  of  altieli^ious'afii 


h;Mr/ 
fe  arid 


^J? 


y^T^:^^''t.'^'^"-  of  the  p™.tac.  w,,  ex 

"preftnutives  forme?, 1^'' '"A '"^  P^-Pl*  by  the,; 

«•»«  m  the  goverWeat'    "d^^  ■"•rt"'*'''  *""^  »« 

them  one  hundred  and  thirtvM,r  '!'""""  ""'""l 

^  rfall  qui,  rents,  whid,  was2=.lV^  ''  '^"'''  '» '«" 

S>  pnetarie,,  however,  ^1^^^^'/  »««Pt«d.    The  pro. 

««getraftsofexceUen  CJ'*  '"  ^'"•"y'vania  nfaay 


DELAWARE. 


Milu. 


Breadth  ,+j  between  {^;/9fJ°:»|«'39:  54'  N-lat. 
Containing  ,.ooo  fqu^f^  or  ,  ?/  *°'  "^^  '<>»• 

i?.»»^..«,.3   13  OUNO£Don  th  'eaft^^, '""' 
i^  X>  river  anH  k1  .    "y^  Delaware 

Ocean,    on  the  fouth  »d  we«feK''i'"  ^"'"""'t 

counties,  which  are  fubdfvided  bto  h*'!i^'^.  ^"'°   '^'^^ 


Counties. 
Newcaftle 
Kent 
Su/Tcx 


No.  Inh. 

'9'554 


No.  Slave*. 
1,83$ 
1,485 
2,8jO 


Chi€fTowo8 
Newcaftle' 
Dover 
I-cwes   V 


wliich  geneiallv  have  a  fl.^.*    "^  creeks  orfniall  rivers 

::d^^t-A-?--^^^ 

'outhem-and  wefle™  7aru  of  Ie°^  '>'^''"-^-  "^"^ 
water. of  Pocomoie.  &°L  m ^^'"'•^""gthe head 


Cherapcak  b^y,  and  fofncof  theni  an  navigable  lo  Qr 
30  miTcs  iiito  die  country  for  VciKls  of  50  or  $0  tons. 

Several  capaU  in  4iflFercnt  parti  pC  the  ft^te  arc  con- 
Uttliplated,  ot^  gfwj^  i^^^iprij^^ffjyf  the  Bran- 

Delawai^the  upper  parts  of  the  county  of  I^ewc^iftic 


th^  land,   render  It  equally  unftt  for  t(ie  ^urpofe*  of 
agriculture,  and  injurious  to  the  health  of  the  mhabit- 

Delaware  is  chiefly  an  agrricultural  ftate.    It  includes 
a  very  fertile  tra^  of  country  ;  and  Scarcely  any  part  of 
the  union  can  be  felefted  better  adapted  to  the  different 
purpofes  of  agriculture,  or  in  which  a  greater  variety  of 
the  moft  ufe&l  produftions  can  be  fo  conveniently  and 
plentifully  reared.     The  foil  along  the  Delaware  river, 
iHid  iVom  t  eo    10  miles  into  the  inteiiour  is  gen- 
erally a  rich  clay,  producing  large  timber  and  well 
jadapted  t©  tU  WfPus  puipofes  of  agriculture.     From 
lljcnee  %o  the  iftti^riour  and  fwa«^ps,,the  f6il  is  ight,  fen- 
dy,  and  of  an  i^riour  quality.     The  gSli^ral  ^fp?<l  of 
the  country  is  vety  favourable  for  cuHiv^tipn-     Ex<:fipt- 
ingfoipe  of  theupqper  parts  of  the  county  of  Hev<?il01e, 
the  furface  of  the  IJatc  is  yery  little  brojteo  or  irregular. 
Wheat  is  the  a»ple  of  Ais  ftate.     It  grows  here  m  fuch 
perfeaion,  as  not  only  to  be  i>articurarly  fought  by  the 
xnanufaaurfers  of  flour  throughout  the  Union,  but  alio 
to  be  diftinguiflied  and  preferred,  for  its  fuperiour  quali- 
ties, in  foreign  markets,     This  wheat  poifefles  an  un- 
common foftnefsand  whitenefs,  very  fevourable  to  the 
roanufadure  of  fiipertinc  flour,  and  in  other  refpefis  far 
exceeds  the  hard  and  flinty  grains  raifcd  in  general  on 
the  high  lands.     Befldes  wheat,  this  ftate  generally 
produces  plentiful  crops  of  Indian  com,  barley,  rye,  oats, 
iax,  buck.wheat,  and  potatoes.     It  abounds  in  natural 
and  artificial  meadows,  containing  a  large  i^ariety  ot 
■raiies.     WcfiSp,   couon,  ana  uat  »*  i>ivi--^^^j  «^n-" — - 
to,  irould  doubtlcfs  floutifti  very  w«ll. 

Chief  Towns.']    Dov*r,  in  the  county  of  Kent,  isthe 
feat  of  government.     It  ftands  on  Jones's  CreeK,  afew. 
^  miles  from  Delaware  river,  aiid  confifts  of  about  100 


pELAWAJSLP. 


199 


houn-s,  priDcipaUy  of  briqk.  The  towp  has  a  lively  an 
jcarance.  an^  drives  on  a  conf.derable  tra|i  with^m 
adefpliw  Wh^at  |.  ti^e  principal  artrcfof  exS 
The  Undmg;  ,s  fiye  or  fix  ipil^s  fr dm  the^own  IfVovlr 
.   ^^'f^J^? '^  n  n,n«s  below  P|»i)addphii  on  th^wjft 

fe*^K*>^  55^me  rw      it  w^s  Hrir^kledTy^he 
Ws,a1>put    16^7,  ancf  calle^^SiockhoIni.'   iff/, 
afterwarcifs  taken  by  the  Dutch;  and  called  New  Ar« 
fterd^.     V|r|iep  iti^ll  into  the  h^^E^^ 

fea    of  government.  an4c6ntainK  apout  60  houfti 
which  wear  the  afpj^  of  decay.    TTiisIs  ihe  firil  town 
te,^»^M^"M  o'»  ^c'aT^are  river.  ^  ^r:^^^^ 

WiJrojn^ton  is  fituated  a  mile  and  a  haff  welf  of  Del 

^^M!i'A*^^^P^  ^'^^'  '^  mi!e,Xhward 
^ll^^^'^i^'     I' »*  n»"<;i'  the  largeft  and  pleaS 
^ft  town  m  the Jat9,  containing  upwards  or  400  Si 
which  are  handfomely  bulk  uDon'^i  JJlf?!^'"'^^'' 


ifTV     "  ^""^»»"?:aw)u^  3400  inhabitiwts.ffhrre 
weie^aught  tHe  languages/ U /bmf  of  fejc^ 

ark     inZ  -^-'     ^?l  "  ^^'''^^'  aqadpmy  «  New! 
ark.   m  this  county,  which  was  mcorpgrated  in  1760 
Thefe  acaden?  es  were  InjterrHpted  durW  h^  War  Ind 

Milford  is-fituatca  at  the  fourceof  a  fmaU  ri»,,  ., 

£fe  Jf"  •?*"  ?''''='' contains  ibout  80  houft 

A^utK  v-reeic  ^,rofs  Ko^ds  is  12  miles  northw^ft  fr/»«, 
Doy.r,  and  has   Bo  or  gp  houf^rwhicVflanlo/?^ 
itreet.     It  carries- pn  a  confiderable  trade  with  S 
d<?lph,.a,  ap<|  is  one  of  the  largeft  wheat  mark«.  ^  If 
m»  V^<^mm  a  more  dix^S/^;^!?^!  ^"'^^'^  ?"  *« 


ICO 


DELAWARE. 


"'.   / 


titie».    The   exports  from  the   port   of  Wilmington, 
Where  a  number  of  fqUare  rigged  ▼efl'els  are  owned,  for 
the  year  1786,  in  the  article  of  flour,  was  20,7961  barrels 
fitper^ne,  457  ditto  common,  256  ditto  middlings,  and 
346  ditto  in  Hiip  (luflT  The  manufa^ure  of  flour  iscar. 
'  ried  to  a  higher  degree  of  perfe^ion  in  this  ftate  than  in 
any  other  in  the  Union.     Befides  the  well  conftruded 
mills  oh    Red  Clay  and  White  Clay  Creeks,  and  other 
ftrearos  in  dififerent  parts  of  tlie  ftate,  there  are  the  cele- 
brated coUedion  of  mills  at  Brandywine.     Here  are  to 
be  feen  at  one  view,   1 2  merchant,  mills  (befides  a  faw. 
milt)  which  have  double  that  number  of  pairs  of  ftones, 
all  of  fuperiour  dimenfions  and  excellent  conftruAion. 
Thefe  mills  are  three  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  creek 
on  which  they  ftand,  half  a  mile  from  Wilmington,  and 
27  from  Philadelphia,  on  thepoft  road  from  the  eaftern 
to  the  fouthern  ftates.     They   are  called  the  Brandy- 
wine  mills,  from  the  ftream  on  which  they  areere<5ted. 
.  The  quantity  of  wheat  manufadured  in  thefe  mills  an- 
ually,    is  not   accurately  afcertained.     It  is  eftimated 
however,  by  the  bed  informed  on  the  fobjed,  that  thefe 
mills  can  grind  40d;ooo  bufhels  in  a  year.     But  there 
are  n6t  commonly  more  than  from  about  290  to  300,060 
bhfhels  of  wheat  and  corn  manufaAured  here  annually. 
Thefe  mills  give  employment  to  about  200  perfons. 

The  navigation  quite  to  thefe  mills  is  fuch,  that  a  vef- 
fel  carrying  1,000  bufhets-of  wheat,  may  be  laid  along 
fide  of  any  of  thefe  mills.  The  veflels  arf  unloaded 
with  aftonifhing  expedition.  There  have  been  inflances 
of  1 ,000  bufhels  being  carried  to  the  height  of  fpnr  do- 
ries in  four  hours. 

Befides  the  wheat  and  flour  trade,  this  fiate  exports 
lumber  and  variops  other  articles.  The  amount  of  the 
exports  for  the  year  ending  September  30th,  1791,  was 
199,840  dollars.     It  has  fince  increafed. 

i.$gl/  Houfe."}     The  light  houfe,  near  the  town  of 

Lewes,  was  bumt^in  1777.     Since  the  war  it  has  been 

completed  and  handfon^ely  repaired.     It  is  a  fine  ftone 

*ftru(^re,  8  dories  high  ;    the  annual  expenfe  of  which 

is  edimated  at  about  650I.  currency. 

Retigion.l  In  this  date,  there  is  a  variety  of  religious 
denominations.  Of  the  Prefbyterian  fed  there  are  24 
churches— >of  the  Epifcopal,  14— of  the  Baptids,  7— of 
the  Mcthodidsi  a  confideraUe  niunbery  efpccially  in  the 


ImingtoR^ 
wned,  for 
p6t  barrels 
ings,  and 
»ur  is  car. 
lC  than  in 
mftruded 
ind  other 
I'lhecclc- 
:re  arc  to 
i^es  a  fa  Wo 
of  ftones, 
ftruAion. 
the  creek 
{ton,  and 
le  eaftern 
Brandy- 
e  ere^ed. 
mills  an- 
:ftiniated 
bat  thefe 
^ut  there 
300,odo 
innually. 
rfoos. 
at  a  vef- 
id  along 
nloaded 
inftances 
fpnr  fto- 

ezports 
a  of the 
9I)  was 

town  of 
las  been 
ae  ftone 
f  which 

eligioQS 

are  24 

I,  7— of 

y  in  the 


ilV) 


of  a  ffl,,,-  and  a  hpufe  rf^^  AflanWyj  to,^ag 


Milet. 


SlTUATiOH    A»»  ExTlH-i^:; 


fe^^  »oo}^^  lino  ^?^l'^>'^I»t• 
Vx  £">andS^^  waters  of  Zai^ 

l-^  ?^'^3,<^7ac^r  o?\^;^^i^5  '"il^s.  equal: 

^ecnpurcha/edofthcindianrO^^^^ 

«  bo»h'Sutl^£^\h«?g>»  ?'««  of  Pf4yiva„ia  and 


Coiirmes. 
J'fferftii 
Gallii  *    " 


Chief  To 


Sff  ujjciWiiie^ 

Hdmtti  . 


■^isi- 


C^ntlei. 
Hamilton 
Mttflcingum 

y^irfidd 

Rofs 

-      -  -    ---  •  ^-ts 

ikiirrer 
Montgomefy,, 


Chfertownfj- 

V      ■ 

Chiiieothe 
Fraiikno'tdn' 


Apr«'i!8.%'j:r*V''"'"^         the  tthTori  by  i^^iyff^i:-^  -  ^ 
*«».i5oi,acdorganiacdM4rch  3,1803.  ^""^'^•'   ^"^ 


■^ 


202 


OHIO. 


The  whole  number  of  inhabitants  in  Ohio  in  1803 
was  eftimated  s^  about  76,000,  exclufiye  of  feveral  hun- 
dreds of  people  of  colour,  and  the  yearly  increafe  by-im- 
mlgratbn  at  about  i2,eop.      ^^v    ^ 

for  judicial  purpofer  the  Cate  is  divided  into  three . 
circuity. 

Chitf  TVwiw.]  Marietta,  the  chief  Xtrmn  in  WsMhing^ 
ton  county,  **  is  a  handfome  town,  (landing  on  a  high 
bank  oil  the  weft  fide  of  the  Ohio  river,  juft  above  me 
mouth     of    the   Mtifkinguni.      The  annual  rife  of, 
the  water  has  fometimes   innundated  th,e  lower    part 
of  the  town,"     \EUicott.1      The  town   is   elegantly 
and  commodiouily  laid  out,  with  fpacious  ftreets,  inter- 
feeling  each  other  at  right  angles,    into  one  thoufand 
houfe  lots,  of  90  ftet   in  front  by   180,   arid  open- 
fquares,  rcfcrved  for  convenience  and  ornament.     Iti 
contains  upwards  of  90  dwelling  hovfes,  befides  fliops,/ 
ftores,  ate.  a  gaol,  cou^t  houfe  and  academy..  Within  the 
limits  of  this  town  are  thofe  ancient  and  curious  forts 
hereafter  defcribcd.     Lat.  39**  24' 21"  N. 

Chilicothe,  the  chief  town  of  Rofs  county,  and  thcj 
feat  of  government  in  the  date,  lis  on  the  weft  fide  of  Sci-| 
oto  river,  above  100  ruil"  from  its  mouthy  and  a  feW 
mile*  above  its  junaion  with  Paint  Creek,  The  towft 
is  laido£Pon  an  extenfive  plain,  and  contains  about  150 
dwelling  houfes,  a  gaol  and  ftatt  houfe.  The  country 
round  aboiit  is  charming  indeed,  and  the  land  exceed- 
ingly fertile.  There  is  here  a  Prefbytcrian  church  and 
a  iiourifliing  congregation.  In  the  midft  of  the  town 
there  is  an  Indian  grave,  whofe  perpendicular  height  l^ 
40  or  50  feet. 

Cincinnati  (lands  oh  the  north  bank  ofthe  Ohio,  op- 
pofite  the  mouth  of  lacking  river,  and  contains  about 
50ohonfi;s.  In  this  town  is  Fort  Wafliington  which 
commences  dbe  chain  of  forts,  extending  to  the  weft- 
ward.  Printing  is  introduced  here  and  a  weekly  paper 
iflued.  Some  perfons  a  (hort  time  lince,  in  digging  a 
well  on  the  hill  in  this  town,  atthe  depth  of  9®  feet  came 
to  a  ftiimp  of  a  tree,  the  roots  of  which  were  fo  found 

uisf.  Eiicy    nuu   lu  uc   uui  away  wiui  ou  S&c  \  a.\,  y4  xv^i> 

they  came  to  another,  which  ftill  bore  evident  marks  of 
the  axe,  and  on  its  top  there  appeated  asif  fomeiron 
tool  had  beenconfumed  by  ruft. 


OHIO. 


'0$ 


•...  For  «oma«  from  S*mn^.?X?^•";"•""- 


«rfe  uiiHy.    B^JZ^i*^:?  ""H*.  *«  l»nd  on  each 

fo^h«t&irt'>'"  *«  M,*i„g„„.  ^o-?" 
ware  tongue,  fi<rnifi"i^,i;    ?^°*^''8'™  "«  D»ti. 

*<><■  larjte  boats  ah*nf  ,-  «.i  i  ;    i'  "  "angable 

farther?    0~  tteSn^^  rftt'*"''  '^'"  'T'i"  "■"  »« * 

found  inexhauarbk  Star^L^r^a""^'  ""»■»  "« 
iron  ore.  q"»m«.  jrf,free  ftone,  .jnri  bed.  of 

onlr  4  mile,  to  tK  a«l^     ^'  T'*  *  («»"««  of 

*«  /an.  i«„'Lt  HJe/feS^flffo':''?^™ 
tle,  no  where  broken  by  ftS.  aJfom.  ?  '?«*"■ 
■fprfiig  of  the  rear  it  owVfl^  •.  u  .  ''»"»  '»  *« 
iV-ataral'Z  ^SnlS"  ^l^P-TWingfor 
"■nes.  white  and  blue  rf^l  ,^'  e      I  'P""?',*  coal 

'h.  country  aS;  t'  ri«r%"ri"»°'r'  '■" 

'ttS:  r-''^.'^'^^-  ^h  "the  ftve^n'd^Se"" 
It.  k!„1:     '  **'*""  "K'ofinallfor  battean  n«it!^- 
Jt.  banks  are  eood  \»nA  »„a  r„  u-t         "aTigation. 

«on.mj,n  the  ov&l"'^^^  t^^- «"  P«ve„,  i„ 
ed  on  ib  waters  'S™  we  water.    MUU  are  erea. 

Scioto.  *'"•     "  »■«>  mterlock.  with  the 

^^fe?-".^«t..^a•,  is  about  Toyard.'-  ^ ^i^^ 


■..,.-y 


# 


>fkT4 


m\Q. 


ana  Its  mouth  u  wide,  and,^?p,  9?^9UgH,tqrcf^rc 

\mim}nm}^^,  ofMim^t^fm  hm^smm^jpf^ 

fqthat  tbf  ifi^cano^ivm^Jy,  qcaped.    TJie  n^fiiLen 

^  Sacrifice  of  WNfcqtpf^^  ^^^-..P^^^y.Fi^eF.caap- 
ttes  into  the  S^  W,  ciqmer  pif  S^^^yTky  jUale.     p/ihmi 
oj.th?  M"  ,^f,.into^l^>j||;^»^  4.*^^'^.  ^'  ?f>P« 
.of  inejake. 

Pace.ofjbe^Qq^try^  Spi/^fr^-l  ^j,iV.gyeaitpari;  o^this 
(L^^hns,  ofid  Coip^rce.         \  ^  ^piintry  is  ajg^rei^l^lT 
,ui^cveni,  anjjl  ^nqt,%.calledjnQU9Jt^ii^u«|  nor  evenjyil- 
.ly.  ,  Mr.  Ejli<^ott.fays^"  The  bottjoin  arid.  Odes  oir_  jic 
,x;iyer  anf,,,Ilqny  /torn  Pittiturg  cjown  td  ,the  Jow  c9)in- 
try,  whjch  fs  generally  fuppofed  to'he  about  eigh^'^pn- 
drcd  miles,    ^hc  ,,/irata  of  Clpn^  ^re^T^orizontally  dif- 
.pofed?  ajM  PT'^fipally  confiA  of  eithef.fij'ee  j^ppe  or  lime- 
^ftone.    ITiis  hprizp^tal  difpoiition  of  (trata  of/ft'one, 
Uobftr^fiblp  rf^rqugb  a  y<ry1aT«e.e*ten^6f,^t^    United 
.  States.  I,  ,liav,e  traced  it  fijofp  Otfwcgo^  up  Jakes  On- 
tario, and  Erie,  ^  yfitb  all ,  the  waters  TjaHing  it>tp  them, 
jSMid  thrPVigb.aU  the  weftcrn  p^rts  of  Peni^fylvania,  and 
.dpwjji,the  Qjiioi  ji^rJy^ricv^r'hilU  jo^  inountami^are,tQ,be 
i-^en.  :•■,,,■■  •■■  -  -X  .•  ^' ,  - 

« The Hat, on  bWm  l^ridsjO^ the Ohio^ar?  not fur- 
pjiffed  by  any  ii^, the  Vpited  States  for  fcrtiiity  i  but  in 
;inany  .place/j  they  areTmall,  and  inco^ifid^rablc  ;  being 
lin)itcd,by.b»l}soir  njopritain^  oi^  oh<;  fide,  and  the  riVer 
ori  the  other.     A  large  proportion  of, thie   iiills  and 
^niQvntain;^  jir.e  ^nfit;  Jor,s^griciiltural  purpores/beiiig  ei- 
,  ther  top  fteep  oj;  fac^d.  w«fh  rocks     I  hj;  hil^  and  moun- 
tains on  the  caft  fide  of  the  river  generally  increafe  in 
^|ignjt^deK  till   they  unite  with  th<?.  great  ridge,  com- 
_  jponly  csUed, thp ,  Allegany  ;  biit  op  the  weft , fide  jhey 
;  defire»f«-ti^l  th?  country  becomes  alifioft  ^  ^eadleVch 
«'  Jh^  coi^r^ry  produces  .ill  the  immediate  nece%ies 
of  life   in  abundance,   and  far  beyond  the  preicntcon- 
..fumptlon   of  the  inhabitants  I , the  refidue,  with  many 
4Stlier.OTticles,.iiuch  as  hemp,  cordage^  hard  ware,  feme 

'■*  -      ■  •   ■  !.f ',  •  .  '    •■   ■        •  ■••■•■,1    ■ 


OMtO, 

which  c»d"Ll^^„2rffe'^^/,»f  ^ 

fi>*<irii«'  people,      Se   I»JPk  •'*"'^  »»<•  »^''- 

<«*ra«&i»  die  ri*.M  .L  -    .""'*^"  «rqut,  are  frond 
i«tedptt?^'"*Sh*?'  '^"S'ti-S  the  eotantry  in  the 

k<>p.4a  »Mmma/i&V~;y»»=^^^^^  "''heft,; 

«fl>i  afcin,  iafflkfr^  i^  k    J? '^  "  tree,  iron  wood, 

«r  wood  tolfcfc  ^GB«r7l  P  ?  '  ■"Pi"'"""""'- 
••Inot tree. n«ir  thll*.*'  '^«*'°»,™«»fured  a  black 
«  a»e  f^fm^  ,h,  **"*"'«>"»•  whofe  circumference 

5>^..i.«"JTfrii':}:7rX^^^^^^^^^ 


Ml 


owo. 


#lf  tfijiior jr  I  anil  imull.mM  Urge  f|r«iiait  for  mill 

litdf  i4  in  t^  mmAftiliilf  »»d  0^?  Mb  dry  fita. 

^  *'V*ryliitr<  Millie  l|«£%  ^o  1^  «»«fijd  iii  «|if  |wrt  V 

at  Hifiy  lie  ifMfly  dHtiMM  Aiidjiiiid^iii&arsiblr  8i^ 
tteadow  l^^d  >  mid  difffigli  ^  JtiHu  are  fi^qocnC,  t^ty 
M#  genfWtHO  *^e  «^  pr  t^capabk  of  tillage.  Thry 
Me  ofadeep  r!«ih  ibil,  covered  with  h heavy  growtli  qf 
iffSDka  aau  well  adapted  to  the  |  roduAioii  trwlnckt, 
^CfmdSgo,  iobaccn*  Itc 

,  The  export  froniihieeountiyconfiA  of  floury  torn, 
heinf»,;ftii;X»  couona  beef,  pork,  fwolod  hamst  veniioni, 
^hi(key,peHc.h  bciindy, oak  ttf.Vfct^  lumber, ;&c.  rvw  apd 
fanned  hides  apd  pelir^ 

The  building  of  (hips  totarj'y  the  produce  of  this 
country  to  market^  is  a  buQneis  Utejly  CDnincehced,  and 
U  increafi^ng  with  the  gron^th  ^f  this  country. 

jiftimnlfj  t^e,]  No  , country  was  ort|^ioal)y  better 
ftock^ii  wi^  w-ild  game  of  eyety  kind  than  this,  f  nnu- 
jmcrable  herds  of  deer  and  wile  c^itUc  were  flieltercd'iQ 
the  groycfn  and  fed  in  the  extenfLye  bcitoms  Ubsit  here 
abound  ;  an  unqueftionaMe  proof  of  the  fei-t^Uty  of  the 
jfeiil  Turkeys,  gcefe^  duck^,  fwans,  tealit  pheafants, 
pa*  cridees,  ice  were  a  few  years  fincf  i^c<tt  obferyation, 
b<^ved  to  be  in  gi  eater  plenty  here,  than  the  f^nje 
poultry  are  in  any  part  of  the  old  iettlementK  in  *  -  •: 
ica.  BQt  on  the  approach  oi  lettlers,  buCtloe':  i  '*''^. 
peaf  }  geefc,  and  iwans  arenoyf  feldom  killed  ,  u»^.a$ 
are  not  plenty.  Bears,  deer  atid  tutkict  are  now  the 
prkii  ^  pal  game.  A  t  the  falls  of  Ohio,  gc<^fe  |ind  fw^'i^ 
ftillai   yWnty;  ,.  .    J 

Ti^e  .  "^  v'  are  well  fiored  with  fiOi  of  various  kinds, 
iand  n?^*2V'  >j;ll5  ui  of  an  exct-Hent  quality.  Thty  .ire 
^enert 'V  4  »*l^^  jf  rii^rent  fiats  :  the  cyt  fi(h« 
which  1 1  th    largefti-m.*!  of  a  deHcious  fliyciir,  w£i]^I« 


^  &.M  .  .«te.j^     ri*««^t-..^rii»AVfe      ■  J^ 


A4VM*     «' 


\*^r  ?f*3if Si. . 


^-w    s  %ff^ 


.iT^-    •%.4\.fl« 


^  ^im 


jitttifhitui  aniiftrfrfities.  j     The  nufnber  of  old  foits 
fcu^din  ^  Wi^exB  ccuntry t  arc  the  tdiLvrMioc 


otth^ 


♦lamimtloii,  thev  hi„  v.„  rTV^j*"'  fortification.  0« 

and  is  already  rndowe^'^rrr    '^  ^^tcr from ih*  Ohio, 
"  thought  J^^Crburrf'^'''' "7^^^ 

aVeady  (4oi)  dt^^Ur'f°°  acrcsof  the  land  are 
familiM  Vfc.  .     '*''*^  '»  »»^  inhabited  br  ioa 

"A.k?forr";r"j'°  confix  cu.,  i^vtj„i^ 

*>«  chofenbleoiiiallv'w''"i  ^^^""•y'ng  oi  a  fenateto 


apt     •        INDIANA  yEERITORY. 

bi^uUf  .by  Ilie  people.    He  Is  eligttjfe  c41f  6  rears, 

la  aiiperm  of  ^  yearf ,   TheJudUri^  power  ii  ^dy<i 

m  a  SapKmc  Court,  M  courts  of  common  plieasin  ea^bli 

county,  ind  juftites  of  tk  peace.    The  judiies  of  the 

f^fttxtit  and  coiinty  courts  are  to  be  appointed  by  a 

joHttbilM  of  die  two  feouilssofaflembly^tto hold  their 
^fli^loryyiars.        ^  .      • 


•r<i*«iiit>M"M*niiMtaN 


ss 


ax 


INmANiSr  TSftRITORY. 

»T^HE  portion  of  the  United  Stages  thus  named  latt- 
Jt:  ly,  fdrnied  a  part  of  the  N.  W.  Territory,  fo  cal- 
k^and  was efe^ed  intoatem^rar]^  ^vemmentjlnvelit- 
ed  iritb  th^  ufttil  poweriby.a^of  Coogrefs^  January, 
i86-i.      ■■ 

B^upJariij:  ]  This  territory  is  bounded  eaft  by  the 
G^C  Miami  river  ;  foqth  by  the  Ohio  ;  weft  bythd 
Si^flppi ;   north  by  the  Illinois  river. 

J>ii^liifit  ami  P^ulathtt.J  It  i$  divided  into  three 
counties,  viz.  ' 

Ch>«rTowii«.      No.  Inhiriiitanti. 

St.  Vincennes  1500 

Kaikaikias  467 

Kahoiia  719 


Coiuittas.  VOk  .Tnh»bit»atit 

Knoa  '517 

Randdipb  1103 

Sc  Clair  1255 


4875^ 

Soil  and  BreduQimt^l  This  territory  has  a  fine  foil, 
adapted  to  com,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  cotton,  hemj^,  totfac- 
CQ»  and  other  articles  mentioned  in  the  account  of  the 
ftate  ofQhio. 

Rivers»'}  Seve.il  fine  rivers  water  this  territory,  as 
theWabafli,  au  Vafe,  Kaikafkias  and  their  branches. 

The  i\S^abafh  is  a  beautiful  river  with  high  and  fer- 
tile bafrks.     It  empties  into  the  Ohio,  by  a  mouth  270 
yaiids  J^e,  i,oao  miles  below  Fort  Pitt.  In  the  fpring, 
iammetanjd  autumn  it  ispaiTablewith  batteauxs4 12  miles. 
tOi^aiatanmi,  and  for  large  canoes  197  miles  further. 

A^fitver  mine  has  been  difcovered  about  28  miles 
alKiv«  ^iaunoo,  on  the  northern  fide  of  the  Wabafh. 
Saltfprings,  lime,  freeftone^blue,  yellow  and  white  clay 
ape  foos|d  in  plenty  upon  this  river.  No  iron  ore  has 
beei»  fovind  in  this  tra^.    On  Big  river,  and  aU  the 


i 


An>IA!f  A  TERRITORY. 


bitanti. 
^1500 

7^9 


«rea^  which  run  mta  the  Ohio.  «  found  r 

•     m^J^^f  ^'l^*^  and  KaOuikUs  tmptf  into  the- 

for  boati  60,  and  the  latter  about  i  ao  mile.      |w 
JljJ^lirou^  a  rich  countr^  wl^ch  h^'cjn^ 

«-e^iaTJ*f*'  Kiflcaflci^s^and   Hlmois*  rirers,  which 

rich  ijflH^^l"***"  'J'*^'  "  *"  «*«n^'^»  l-'aa  of  levS 
nci  landwhich  terminates  in  a  high  ridge,  about  i? 

nntr  before  yoBreacfr  the  Blinoi/Viver.  HiTSS  c^ 
n  Jk     1 1"*"'  ''^J"  *^'®  ^  Miflifi^i  from  the 

^tln^i^I.^  ^  u"*  "'^^^^'^^  ^Jiiclr  in  fome  placet 
«ttend  as  far  as  the  eye- can  reach  ;  and  furnifliMt 
communication  with  lake  Mjchigan/br^c^fcae^. 

Ih?[An"r;1^'t  r**  '^'  """^'^  are^wop^rUge^ 
foS  rf  £   ,^f.7^'^h  d««  not  exceed  four  muS!     f  he- 

;°  Irf  t"*'''^"  '"^l^^^'^'  •*  '"general  of  afuperionr 
qi?«hty  :   Its  natural  growth  confKts  of  oafc.hicTorr 

aw-  rw,/  W  ix»,r/,.  J  Vliictnne.  »  die  capital 
of  this  tenritory.  .ad  the  feat  of  government  t  it  ffil 
«  the  tank  pf  the  Wabafl,  rja  mile"S,  t  "mm„f 

rounded  by  a  prairie  ol  four  mile,  inc*len«h.  and  omi 

m  breadth, mott_ofwhich.i.criJti«tedby,he"haW?^^^ 

I  The  rem«nd«r  «a  handfome  nitt»ral  meadowT Zdat 
mgRoodg^ft.  IT^foil  here  iS  irferiour  ^  Sm«  t 
Ae  United  State.,  yddingcom.  rice,  wheat,  t^c". 
feemp.  hops,  grapes,  &f.  "■'««o,. 

^ommerce  cemre,.hir<»,  ,the  merchant,  bah.  their 
f^»  S?™  ,.C»'«<1<'.  do*h  the  Wabaih,  from  §rW 

up  the  MlffilflDDI.  Mndfrnin  »H-  --»-_„  ^^...  jJl.     - 

Qhmandupthe  WabaftK  ft  ha?  7T;  inS^^m  It 
«  a  port  tow«,  743  mile,  fn>m  wih^gtonr  -Jhi  f± 
ftands  on  the  eati  lideof  Wabaih  river. 

•  Ilhaoij  fi^nilk-*,  •  *«;  •£ full  art,  h  tit  *y^.  ^it  n 


Ti* 


3fo  MiCHiOAN  TBRfl^^lTOJW. 

KaiH^y  ftands  on  th^  S.  W,  bank  <^?the  ri?^.  of<£ 
tl?«  fame  name.     It  contains  about  i  oo  houfcs  and  4.67 
ii»babiii«^j«,  -^    *M/ 

Kahoija  is  (^  mil^ft  notth  o£  Ka^kJas,  aw4  ha|L  ' 
7^gjnnab«ai>t«.  , /^ 

^  MiM^Wl^  buyt  :  7  t|ie  Ercach  on  the  weiy^ 
bank  of  the  Ohio,  near  its  mouth,  in  lat.  zf^  i  c'  u 
nples^below  the  ^iQuth  of  Tcnne^c  river.  It  ftania 
ojnahieh^onj  bank.  A  confideraWe  qivm^ty  of  land 
bpthaboFC  and  below  the  fort  ifcan^a;^  inundated? 
A-nuwbxr  of  t^psare  ilationed.  ber«.  Thisplac^k. 
a  port  of^ntrjr,  and  f^m  it  was^^«i:ported  foreign  ar- 
y ff *  ^*  *e  4Pb  «Mrt«V9f  Jt8Q$»  uo  feTiA*e  oT  n>t  ja 

c^^thf;^!!^  N,  lat  37O36',  is  a  rema^able  cavi^ 
c^U«d  the  Qreat^Cavc,  wjjich  i&  on^  oC  the  greateiliwii. 
^m  cu^Oties  Qi^thu  Ohio.    Tjbe  entranceis  foacion* 
W remarkably  uniform  ;.  the  dome  is  eUiptica^  and 
th«  u»iMowily  continues  ta  its  termination,  in  the  hill. 


t 


^;xi 


:atst 


MICHIGAN  TERRITORY. 


i»\V 


THIS  diftria,  ift ,17961  ilras  named  Wayne  co^ntyi 
and  has  lately  been  er^^ed  into  a  feparate  terri- ' 
tonal  government,  orgsgwwdiwth  theufual  officers  ;|nd 
PtTf  ■•  ^*  embraces  all  that  part  of-the  United  3tatcs 
which  lies  north  of  the  ftate  of  Ohio,  having  lake  Mich- 
tgan  on  th4  weft  and  lake  Huron  on  thanorth-caft.  It 
l|»s  no^cottfideraW^  rivers.  By  th«  cenliw  of  i8od  it 
contamed3,ao6  inhabitants.  "^z  : 

^etroit,thcbeftfortrersin-|^j^  part  x)£  the  country, 
13  the  capital  of  tfiis  territ«»y.  it  is  fituattd  on  the 
weftem  bankof  the  ftrait  ^t.  Clair,  or  Detroit  river. 
I>etween  lake  Erie  and  lake  St.  Clair.  V^rt  n^irnj* 
If  ofan  obiongiig^*,  built  with  ttockades,  and  advan- 
tageoufly  fitnated,  with  one  entire  fide  commanding 
the  river.  It  is  near  a  mUe  in  circumference,  and  enclo- 
ijd  about  3Qp  hcm&i  and  a  Roman  Caiholick  Chwcii^ 


IHCmtlMAKlNACa; 


about  ifioaiia  number  i«  X778.  TlS.    ^r^f*'*^'''  '^^^ 

s^barterof  coai&Rfr^  ■  *.*^  ^*'"*>*«'c<>nfii|«  ia 
f«^,  dee^;^tJ:^:P^^««^^^^^  the  n«i^Tfb? 
place  for  the  vL^Sv!      S     ****  ^^ppm  from  thk 

!»  the*^i^  ^*/.  •^"'^r  (f^ 

IBi-oi..  anTZft  orute  ti^t">  W  «««hrftSv 


MICHILIMAKINAOK, 

•""■en,  but,  as  it  is  the  ^d  „n  J"        ■    "S^  "  »"7 

advantageous  ntuationS»V,l^'*^  ?"  *  »»d  its  vdy 
fome  futVe per  od  Tpfe e-Sv""  ti^Uim  be. i^ 

Kftrng  chieaf  of  fursi 'S'S  ^7X'«04.,*on. 
ihen  are  Jtj  inh,hi>-~.  i-Ji  °  -  y8i936 dollars. 
«.«.W  ffoii  DetroitTandoViN'TO  '^T.*°0"a"" 


trrt: 


SOUTHERN  STATES. 


SOUTHERN  STATES. 

HE  third  and  nittch  the  largeft  Craad  DtviOiott 
of  the  United  States,  comprehendi> 


MAtttAHttv 

•NorthCailolima, 


SOVT  H  .CaKOUN  A^ 

Gequgia^  and 

Ml«SISIPPI.TBil&lTOl,Tk 


'fhts  ezteftHvii^  dHfton  iiM  bounded  niOfith  fkf  Ytxay 
fyWairia  and  the  Ohio  fiver  ;  weB:  by  the  Miffi- 
fippt ;  foudi  by  Eaft  and'  Weil  Rorida }  eaft  by  the 
AtUntick  Ocean,  and  Delaware  State.  It  is  tnten- 
fe^fed,  in  a  N.  £.  and  8.  W.  diredion,.by  the.range  of' 
Alh'gany  M^ntains,  which'  give  rife  to  many  noble 
rrvers,whtcli  lather  fall  into  the  Atlantick  on  the  eaft,  or 
the  Miififippi  on  the  weft.  From  the  iea  cbaft,  0o^  80, 
and  iii  fome  parti»  lOO  miles  back  towards  the  moun- 
tains,, the  countty*  generally,  fpeakinz,  is  nearly  a  dead 
kvel ;  and  a  very  large  proportion  of  it  is  cohered  in  its 
natural  ftate  with  pitch  pines.  In  the  neighbourhood 
•f  ftagnant  watery  which  abound  in  this  level  country,^ 
^e  inhabitants  are  fickly  In  the  back,  billy  and  moun« 
tatnous  couiitryv  they  are  as  healthy  a«  in«  any  part  of 
America. 

■Thisd|(lnA  of  the  Union, contain?  upwards  of  one 
million  nbe  hundred  thouTand  inhabitants,  of  whom 
648,439  are,  flaves,  which  is  thirteen  fourteenth  of  the 
whole  iium|>eir  of  (layes  in  the.  Unhied  States  The  in- 
ftuence  of  flaiKeryh^s  produced  a^very  diftinguiftiing 
feature  in  th^  general  chartiider  of  the  inhabitants^ 
which  though,  npw  dif^eriiible  to  their  difad vantage,, 
has  been  foftened;  and  meliorated  by:  the  benign  effects 
»f  the  revolution*  and  the.  prbgrefs  of  libcny  ftnd  hu? 
...ipantty.; 

I'he  follrtwing  may  b^  cnnHdered  as  the  prlhclpal- 

|r«  aaSviiOMii    DJ.   Qili    vii  v t|lf}ii  |,,  lOuAvCQ,    liCe,     ittCilgo,^ 

wheat,  corjH  eottbh,  %9i\  pitth,.  turpentine,  and  lumber. 
In  diis  dfArift  is  the  prcfeiit  I'eat  of  the  general  gov 
«paiB^at,  on  l*«itoiiiak  rhrer^  Miiryland. 


Vi 


Hai^ford 
Bilttmore ' 
Ann  Aruml^l 

AUeganjr 
WaiS,in^ton , 

„  Wdcc  Gcorm 
Calvert  ' 

CharJet    •      ' 
St.  Mjtft 
Cecii 
Kent 

9l»cen  Ann 
Caroline  "' 
Talbot 

Iferfihcfte? 
WorcefUr 


59030 

3M43 
4303 

8^97 

13699 
9ot8 

»I77« 
14857 

9aa6 
«343« 
«735« 

10476 


Columbia  Diftri<ft       8144 


4564 
9673 
9760 

437  » 

49^ 
aaco 

6A8a 

iztgi 
4iot 
9SS9 
6399 
aio3  , 
4474 

607 

4773 
743a 
436^ 

4398 

ao7» 


^  Chief  TdfiiiM, 
Bd|ai,       "'^ 

Alinapolit      ^ ''   >■ 
R«dericitlofr#   ^ 
Cumberland,  > 
£(isabcti»|^iQ»:. 

Af^arlhorougb 
St.  Leonard'    - 
Port  Tobacco 

I>eonardftowA> 

BHtton 

Cbcftcr 

Centerville 

Denton       ' 

Eifton 

Prioccfs  Atta> 

Cambridge 

Snow  hill 

Washington 


R^         ^  If^*'  349t4a    107707 

largain  tb,  V^t^tZ    tZ^t,  T^a  '>»)L  "  «>■« 
Marriand  amonL!»i,     ?      rtom  theeafttrn  ftore  a 


tT4 


MARYLANa 


I 


'^f  f '*;  S*''^'^?  ^*«^4       Tlii  git>tii|cl  is  uniw 

&  W./^  rl  'S?'*^?"-  }  formlr  Iwel  and  low 
fe  moft  of  the  ^oiiti«  mi  tim  «ilWm  iore.  and  con. 
ftqae^rfjr^ov^wlittiiliny  pUwt.  with  ftagnam  w^r, 

»erc^  **fo^e  Iwi6  taia»  rf  AiaA,  wWeh  dttring  tW 
-?l  *^^*?^"*  with  vai^r  thai  faU,  in  dkw 
SS^  ^'26  "^y^  finnmcf  and  Wl  ftafonl,  which  art 
•SIX:    ^^,*"»»  *n^  fttiiMiier  i»e  moft  healthy. 

WheitaBd  tobacco  art  the  ll«iplet»mm<Kiitlei.    Tt^ 
bacco  t^^gtner^ljrcoltfvatedltt  ftt^  by  negroet,  in  ih^ 
ft>Kow,«ig  ««.«j  s:  The  (^  is  fown  h,  fcds^  foe 
mould,  and^  tran^lanted  the  beginoW  of  May.    The 
plants  are  fet  at  a  diftanceof  ftrte.or  foor  feet  froiik 
i?a<A^odieiv  and  arp  hilled  und  kept  continu^ly  free  oC 
^        When  m  many  leaves  have  ihot  out  as  the  ^oil 
willnonnft  toiadyint^age,  the  tep^  of  the  plant  bhrokfea 
off,  which  prevente  its  growing  higher.    It  is  carefuSy 
kept  clear  of  woriM,  and  the  fnckeri  which  put  our  be- 
tween the  leaves,  ^re  taken  off  at  proper  times,  tiU  the 
plant  arnvey  at  perfeAioti,  which  is  in  Auguft.     When 
the  leaves  turn  of  %  brownift  tolour  and  begin  to  be 
rpotted,^th^  plum  is  cm  down  and  hung  up  to  dry,  after 
liaving  fweatcd  in  heaps  one  night.  When  it  can  be  hand- 
led Without  crumbling,  which  is  always  in  moift  weath- 
er,  the  leaves  are  ttripped  from,  the  ttalk,  and  tied  ia 
bundlefi.  aftd  packtdfor  eiportation  in  hogflieads,  con- 
taming  800  or  9ro  pounds.     Nti  fuckers  nor  round 
leaves  are  aDowed  to  be  merchantable.     An  induftrious 
perfon  may  manage   6,00a  plants  of  tobacco,  (which 
y  leld  I  ,oco  lb  ).  and  four  acres  of  f  ndian  corn. 

In  the  interiour  country,  pn  the  uplands,  confiderable 
quantities  of  hemp  and  flt«  are  raiftd* 

Charapen^  The  inhabitants,  except  in- the  populous 
towns,  live  on  their  plantations,  often  feveral  miles  dif. 
tant  from  each  other.  To  an  inhabitant  of  the  middle, 
anderpeciallyofthc  eaftcrn  States,  which  are  thickly 
f  ^'^P  4J?^^  appear  to  live  very  retired  aftd  unfoci^l 
aves.  -Hi*  negroes  perform  all  the  manual  labour, 
xne  inncinif 9 ntu  <-kf  fhJa  nn.«..i.'...-  ...... i    .1    ^     < 

the  country,  who  have  intercourfe  with  them,  are  in 
Uieir  manners  and  cuftoms,  genteel  and  agreeable. 

Uiat  pride,  which  grows  on  flavery,  and  is  habitual 
w  tiiolc,  who,  from  their  infancy,  are  taught  to  belieTt 


into  s  fociJf  "r'^'^f?''';^''  '»n»'i«g  Oicm/^, 

fo  Made  in  u„  akw  StS«  T?:     ■  "f  *"''  *«  «^ 

forme,),  «„h,*l4^turtht^!*Ll«™''  IP'.^d  w„ 
yourfe  of  fmoke.  the  Xh™       5^  «7  houfes,   and  of 

^  dut>.rda4':,tu?:i  SiSc  vtti  r  t'^"r« 

cprd,„«  to  %  «»f,s  of  ,;„o°^.  M  Z"'?''^*'■ 
,uS!'"'5«n''%n*on  the  bank  of  ^h- «•„- i..™  . 
difeafes  of 'tliUtown  m  Vk.  r  n      •  "^^^^  ci»mate  and 


»i6 


iikkiiMit. 


m 


- 1\_.-- 


Freil«ricllb^  is  ii  l&i#.%oiii^Ulihiff  l^liH^^^ 

,    Hs^d^^ls  hat  mud  uMsmr  td'  fnikcimhx, 

4  if  fitvated  ih  tlie  >tataftifiil  i(E^  w«li  cultivited  vltU^ 

.  ^Celiegpeiie^i^e,  andcirriit      a  t^Hife&lde  %]^de 

JIton  1^  2n;ikatied  Tiwir  tli^  hetfd  of  C^ttzpii^kffAj, 
on  a  Tmall  river  which  beats  the  iiahieof  me  tbWn. 
It'  enjcpj^t  advaiita|es  froih  '  the  carryTog  tr^e 
;^tweeh  Baltsmore  and  JViiUd(t1ph^^^ 

iThe  cjny  of  Wjisii  lirgf  on,  in  the  territory  of  Coliitii- 
;Wa,  was  ceded  by  the  ftates  of  VlrgiftiA  arid  Maryland, 
to  the  llniied  States,  and  by  thetn  edablilKed  as^the 
^e^cf  their  ^vern^ent;  lr|ji]i^itjr  flarids  at  thc^Wiic- 
itioii  of  theriv^s  Patomalc  and  the  £a(^ern  Branch* lat. 
■  If*  5i'  N-  exteiiding  ncsrtlj^^  f«:^or  giiles  up  caefc^  and 
|i|Hi4aJdltii^  a  tra^  of  tlnrritory,  exceeded,  in  pdint  of 
jceiBirejaieniee*  j^liifi^  America. 

:,  The  fitna^tion  of  tbik  metropolis  is  npoii  the  great 
jpi^fl  r<Mid»  eq^diflant  from  die  nor^etn  and  Kbiiihersi 
'«xtreinitvM  of  the^^nion,  and  nearly  ib  from  tie  At- 
Jbartick  and  Pittftiurg,  uppn  the  beft  nkvigationv  and  ia 
.the  inidft  of  a  comrnerctal  territory,  probal^y  the  rich- 
<sft  and  commatidtng  t]^t  moft  lexteiifiye  internal  rdTourc- 
esof  any  in  America.    The  jptblick  offices  were 'rentiov- 
t^d  to  thtis  city  in  the  fummer  of  i  800,  and  here  in  fu- 
ture jCongrds  Mnll  hold  their  (eflk)n3fc  f^"^' 
^  frade^    The  trade  of  Maryland  is  principally  car- 
rild  onmm  Baltimore,  with  the  other  ttates,  with  tibe 
Weft-Indie.*?  and 'fojnc  parts  of  Europe.      To    thefe 
places  they  fend  aMnally  about  30,000  hbgOieads  of 
tobacco,  befides  large  quantities  of  w^hiiat,  fibur,  pig 
irdn»  la«iiber,  and  corn — ^beans,  pork,  and  flax  feed  in 
.fmaUer  quantittea  ji  and  receive  in  return  clothing  fcr 
thenileives  an$i  negroes,  atiict  other  dry  good^  ;    wines, 
[  fpirits,  fugars,  andcfther  WeftVIhdia  coinmo^        The 
balance  is  ^endridly  in  Metr  favour. 


UAXTLAHth 


all 


«»Wlil«rty  of  «o4Ste.         '"^  ^^^  *  **•  «* 

l>y  the  name  <rf..  TbtSSZ  '^?Sf°'*.*»«  "WVerfin- 
'w^d  the  principal  rfoiTofS^r' -"^  ** ''«'«'- 

<^n«g<s. >ri,ich j,i.fiS;£i^Jj  ™??  of  CoWb«5r 


*^ 


t0 

I 


,,$  VIRGINIA. 

fend  each  two  4el<i#aiilfc  '   .       .  ^_^     , 

On  t&  ftcoM  Monday  in  K^l'r'^^i!!^^ 
m  rf»i««ttfiW  cmht  mxAtsat  in  oft  e  kulgcr  CMo 

te  ^,- i6<a.    TIte  l<^^fe*tit  of  ^pifimtu^  Wai 

^v  In  »6o*,  the  Prpteaant  i«li|fmn  J»M«ftab«tt«^^ 

^^^e^^oto.  irhen  though  a  minor,  fc'«  P«^F 

^ te?thc #t^- i^leti of  1licbi»%ice, itht^m  1 776»*»w»- 
S&  e«n«rti»t^  fKi*%&«ll».  At.the  el^jf  the 
wL;  Htnnr  Harford  Efq.  the  natural  fojn  an*heir  of 

eiSs  s^iJ«^^««  ♦ifltt^jlrf  hi!  mwoirsWrc. 

ii|i1  II  - -f'fj-  - '•T'lr'' •    I    ""  '  "    ^'^"'  ' 


Kentucky 
Ismtick  Ocean. 


lawf'liJ- 


VIRGINIA*  a  IS) 

Civil  phijiom  and  Population,^  The  followiag  are  tKe 
^0^  pi  thit  f^m^  ^^dbf^  t^  the  cenfiu  of  i  Spo. 
Iltth  ll|«  iHimber  ^,^^||A^  in  eich,  aiuK^ 


l|6iiror#; 
fimwdcUc 

HoMnnA 


EA9TBRII  IMST^IOT^ 

U%64    4f.9J|  $oad«|.  . 

7053    W30f»f«ft|f 

5917   mW§|»«»»e,'Wv 
6851  losilfa  liAdifett 

Wjd    7«S4NNMk 
*«*  -**7»  M««Wc»|ifrg 
io>|*    7348|torft»Il(f 
4X4|    5711  Mbrthaiqptwi 

%}yM^   Jpl.1  |(«|rthu«ilhcrland 
4987    m6e|fr«K«iv 

Ji4*  .ifdltf  §r«l»«F  ; 

7139    6018  Prfnet  Edward 
'^^71"    tffsA  Vmf^  Qeorgc 

49»9^(ni  William 


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saic  ^poQ  iPart  of  Fairfax  *> 


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JW34     >487 
1?BS1*5RN  DISTRICT. 


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:.  TlBtat  b  eke  8r#|c       v*t;.»w  „^yy 

^CUmMii,']  It  is  rcmarkible,  tM  |»roceocBii8  oi»  tht 
One  panUe)  of  htUude  welhvardljry  tfte  cKiiisic  becottel 
colder,  in  like  maoBer  at  ^oVoii,  proceed  noftftwardly. 
TMs  contiBaes  to  be  the^ewe  tUl^oa  attain  the  fiiiiiQitof 
l)if  AlIeKhaoy,  whidi  b  thie  bifheK  land  between  theoceaa 
and  the  Miffi%Dt.  Fto^  thcoce«  defcending  in  |be  ftmc 
la^deof  thcMifiifippf,  tbe  cbaagje  rerer^n  $  and  if  we 
vaif  belief e  travellers,  it, becomcsiwantier  there  than  it  is 
iqtihe  &me  latitude  en  tb#  Tea  fide. 

Riven  and  Camah,'}  The  names  of  the  rivers  are  at 
fotbw,  viz.  Roanoke,  James,  Na^ftvond,  Appamattox,. 
A  branch  6f  James  rifcr  ?  Rnranna,  another  branch  of 
James  river  ;  Yprk  riikr,  Rappahaoiioek,  and  Patomajc. 

The  diftaoce  from  the  Capes  of  Virginia  to  the  tcrmi- 
nation  df  thetide  water  in  the  iaft  mentioned  river,  is  above 
300  miles  I  and  navigable  for  fliips  of  the  greateft  burthen, 
nearly  that  diftance.  From  thence  this  river,  obftrudtcd  by 
foifcr  co^derable  falls,  extenKli  through  a  vaft  traS  of  in- 
habited coahtiy  towards  it^  fouree.  Thefc  falls  are  ift. 
The  Lktle  Falls,  three  miles  abofe  fide  water, in  which 

fixmiles  higher  where  is  a  All  of  76  feet  in  one  mite  and 
a  ati|n«r :  |d.  the  Seneca  Falls,  fee  miles  above  the  for 
tm^  muck  htm  ftort,  irregular  rapids,  with  aM  of  abott 


t«. 

fhct. 

IJ' 

,  !♦ 

vit 

»l 

"til 

^f 

f 

IJ 

fs 

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7» 

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viRomiA.  ^ 

»o  fet !  and  4th.  The  Rhcwndoah  £.11..  fio  a*.  Sao 

taut.     The  obaniOioni,  which  tre  oppofcd  to  the^!. 

and  thofe  occalbned  by  the  falh,  m  now  nearly  reZ^L 
bynie««»ofloclu.ndc«n»l».  "  »«"/ remom«. 

Beyond  the  moanuiM  tre  the  ShemHMtoah  rirer  vhu-y 
*n,p«..  »,o,heP,.omak  j„«  .bove  the  BlaJ  MoS* 
the  Or«,,  lUnha*^  .„d  the  Little  Kaohawa.    »'"'*""- 

Moutttaou.J  The  mounuin.  commence  at  about  iu» 
mile,  from  Ae  fe.  codl.  ,od  are  difpcfed  in  .id««  one^ 
kind  mother,  mnning  nearly  patalS  with  the*fca  coalfc 

ihc  «r..c.aft  and'MaEfit'fc^me:^::?::;*^ 

mountam.  conTcrge  into  a  finrferidB^whfch  Tfe  l!^ 
pr«che.  the  Gdf  rf  Mexico.  irbf,d.rtawpfah."o»„,r 
and  g.,e.  nfe  «,  fome  of  the  w»er.  of  that  L]T  ^2 
ticularly     to    a     rirer     called    ApalachiST        JK^ 
Hi««  of   the  Paiomak    through  ST  S«  RM  JP? 

fland  on  a  rery  high  point  of  lanA  On  your  ri«ht  con.« 
up  the  Shenaadoah,  h.,i„g  ,„.,d  along  AeXrf'SS 
mounuin  a,  hundred  miles!  «.  4k  a  reni  OnTourkft 
approaches  the  Pa.omak,  in  «,«ft  of  a  pafl^e  X  ^Ta  ih. 
moment  of  their  jonftion  Aey  roft Se7»ai.X S! 
mountain,  rend  it  aluuder  anTpaf.  o»?^  Ae  ^,     ThI 

*  ret™S Ift'-t^" JT^"^  i«  th«„h,.  the  moS 

hr  2  hiL.  ,L  "  P«n»«Ur^,  the,  have  been  dammed  u^ 
!I   u  ,M  .  '^'"*«'  ."^  ""wnuins,  and  have  formed  an  «ea* 
which  filled  the  whole  valley ,  thai  co.Un.ing  „  ^.^^^ 

«on„,^iJ!r*""'i'''""%"  «1'"  fpot,  and  hare  to4  thi 
mountain  down  from  its  fummit  to  its bafe.  The  pUoo* 
recks  on  each  hand,  but  parucularly  on  the  Shena^oafr 
A.  .,,dent  mark,  of  d»i,  dilVuptiin  «,d  avl^^ 
a...  beds  by  the  moft  powerful  ag^Bof  n«ur.' ^S^i^ 
*:„» .  -r--— "  ^«»«.  -~-5Ts  uawiij  nnnoiftv  which  natiir&has^ 
given  to  the  p,a«rc,  i,  of  a  wy  diflferwt  eharaae/^W 

iSlfl  If^'  "Wild  a«d  tremendous.  For  the  mountaj 
»««g  ctef ei  afiMi^f.  p«fe,rt. j«  the  eye  Iteo^^ 


2«S: 


VM^GIHIA* 


p.  \ 


ai fmatl  catch  of  fmooth  blue  horizon,  at  an  infinite  diilan^ 
in  the  plain  country,  inviting  youi  as  it  mtrt,  from  th^rjot 
and  tumult  roaring<  fliToond,  to  pafs  through  the  br£|ich  and, 
participate  of  thA  calm  helowu  Here  the  eye  ultimatelyf 
cpmpofes  itfeif  $  and  that  way  too,  the  road  anally  lead^ 
Xoa  crofs  the  Paii^nal^  above  the  junction  y  pafa  alqng  its 
lide  through  the  bafe  of  the  raountaio  for  thr^e  o^les,  it& 
tairible  precipices  hanging  in  fragments  over  you,  and  with- 
f  a  about  zo  miles  reach  Fredericktcwny  and  the  fine  coun- 
try  round  it.  This  fcene  is  worth  a  voyage  aprofs  the 
Atlantick.  Yet  here»  as  in^  the  neighbou.hood  of  the 
KaturaJ  Bridge,  are  people  wbq  have;  paffed,  t;heir  liv^ 
within  half  a  dozen  miles*  and  ^ave  nev.^r  beeD  tp  furvey 
thcfe  mooumenta  of  a  war  between  rivers  and  nnouptains, 
which  muft  have  fhaken  the  earth  itfelf  to  its  centre. 

Face  of  the  Cmntfryi  SoU^  PnduBkm,  Ssfc.]'  The  wholcr 
country  below  U^e  mouutains,  which  are  about  1 501^  fpritc; 
fay  200  miles  frottt  the  fea*  «  l«vel,  and  feems,  from  vari- 
ous appearances,  to  have  been  once  >y^fhed  l;«jr  the  feju 

The  foil  below  the  mountains,  f<^mt(  to  haye  ac^uire^  % 
charade  r  for  goodoefs  wHcl^  it  by  99  means  defervei^ 
Though  notricl^  it  is  w«U  fuited,  to  the  gro^  p£t©hs|pcaf 
and  Indian  corn,  and  ff««e  V^P-  pf  it  for  ijfheaV  Gopc| 
crops  of  cotton,  flax  and  hffnp^ari^  ajfo  r^iftrd  y  and  in 
fome  counties  they  hVfe  plenty  of  cifjer,  a^  f  jcq^i^t^ 
ts^andy,  diftilledfifom  pfac^ie*,  "whi^h  grpyr  19  grpat  9)t)g|)r 
<kQce  on  the  numerous  viM^  pf  the  Clie^pi^k. 

The  planiefs,  befere  ij(^f  ^m.  p»»4  4«f  F*"C*P»^  ^^^' 
ti(On  to  the  eu|tur«  of  ^ofoc^P*  9C  vHc)»  ^er<  vjfccl  to  ^ 
fjiportcd,  gfnerally,  j|,pcQ  hftgfecj^ds  a  ypar-  Si^cc  t%t 
iptohition,  they  «ie  ti*rpii?g  t^e^r  ?(t(entioo>pre  to  thjj 
cultivation  of  whea«,  lndi?m  corn,  b^rlffy^^  |ax  and  hejnpk 
U  is  expefled  that  this  ftgte  y^ill  '444  ^e  »Tt»cle  9f  rice  tff 
the  lift  of  faer  exports,  *5  |t  is  fHjpd(e4  >  large  body  oj 
f«Aimp,in  ibc  wfterniopft  ^pjnvi?»»  *s  f ap|i?|e  f^f  pr?49ir- 

Cm-iafity.']    Thf  N?m?V  3^»  ?«  SllP  Tf^  W"?*  rf 

.t0  ihaxB  beat  i^rm  ^QR|)^' JH*  f^l^  ?V  !^'^  J|W  ^^ 

-imcmtwk  17.0  kei.4^pyfhyi>f^m9^/  ^9S'    Jlf  ^  #Jf 
4$ieeti«uae  ^  lh(P  l)pttoff,  fi94  ,90  ^^^  ^fr.fiig^ ;   ' 


IfpluS 
19 


1  th^  riot 

Itimatelyj 
lly  l^ad?,. 
sjpng  its 

jod  with- 
ne  coup«> 
^roA^  thp 
i  of  the 
eir  Hv^ 
tp  furvcy 
Du/9tainS| 

» 

he  wholes 
50,  fm^ 
QVfi  yari- 
A^ 

;^uire4  J^ 
deiervef^ 

and  if): 

f^  attei^- 
ed  tfli^ 
%«^ 

id  bejnpw 
)f  rice  w 
body  of 

ch^eqi* 


T     * 

Jut  <nPr«  at^ tf»c  cndi,  and  the  thidcnefr  of  the  mafs  at  the 
fumnjit  9f  Ae  arch,  ibpot  40  feet  A  part  of  thi^  thicki. 
nefs  IS  con(t«utca  hjr  acdat  of  earth,  whirfh  gives  ^rtfwcti 
tp  m?ny  large  trees.  Jhe'  r^fidiie,  With  the  hill  ii  b«»tli 
hdy,  IS  %ro|id  rock  bf  hmedooe.  Thbilgh  the  fides  of  thte 
^^*°1^  *^?  Fovkfed.  in  ronic  par|»,  with  a  parapet  of  foced 
rocks,  yet  few  men  hare  ieforh^onWwalk  to  them^and 
look  over  into  the  abyfs:     You  invblnfitarHy  fill  on  yotfr 

Ifthe  Tieiir  from-  the  top  be  piJnAl  and  intdlcrahk.  that 


.v: --7  --r  •■adubitably  «iiiv«biuuair  wiiue  ocners  ieeftf 
to  owe  their  Reputation  as  much  10  fadc^^^a^d  chailjie  c£ 
air  and  regnmeri,  as  to  their  real  virtues.      '  -  £  -  , 


Tlic  ndoft  efficacioasofthcfe*  are  two  fpringsin  Aajufta, 

[ear  tjie roarers  of  Jalnes  river,  i-herp  it  itfcafled  Jackfdt/5 

■^'''  i7^T  ?^i  ^f  the  fooiof  the  ridgdof  inonntiHnK 

raUy  called  the  Warm  Spri.ig  Monntain,hutintheftHi^ 

to»f»oatttams.  Theohe%<^1ftinoiilflie44.,.>».-„^ir 


i}ear 
nfer 
gene 


ISf!  ^^T?  ™^SVe    ^^''  coniplaiht*  aMi^^f vefy 
arfT^rent^hatures,  h^<?  Wih  remoVed,  «»i*  J«flened|y  tb^ 
i'  S^  te^P  frnj  5ir  %e  days  in  every  week.       -'  n*^ 
.  ^^5  ^^;^  *=»f  ?«?'?^^  ^  'thfe'ecAintf  of  Botetourt,  at 


,  ^P  1!^  ^Pr  J5ro,rirp^''»e  Great  Kanhawa,  7  ndltik. 
tef  #  '"J^th  ^^  pi^  nfeV,  is  a  holelhlhel^Lih,  «f*he 
capacity  of  |d  or  ^o  g«s,  frohi  whicfh  ifiues  ctfnftaiHyr 

?.^!f  ^"*  -T&i"  ft  ^'.'*"«  ^'cu^^nt,  ai  to  giveib  Ai 
^land  ^bout  rt^  br^^  the  Thi>thn  whTch  itliai  i?-a  bdifiHg 

fe*  *'?k''  ^^^  Kgfeieclcatfdre  or  torch  #iAift^i 
anche^  <the  Hfe,  Wff^mfes  upih  a  cofurttt  6f*i?H«fcSe5 
W^.'^-^.^^ipja-orBvefeain  height,  which  fom^^iM^' 
f  PT^.*  ;9«  »n  ?o  ininwe5,.knd  at  Whtr  «rfies-han  bAi»to»tt^n 


fm^, 


''rt^^^^'^ll^^^^ 


*I4 


VlRGimil. 


In  ebullitioA  byth«Tapour  ilBung  throagh  it.  I^tlie  f nffoar 
be  fir«d  ta  tha|  (fau^  the  water  loon  become!  fo  warm  tha« 
the  hand  cannot  bear  it,  and  evaporates  wholly  in  a  fliorc 
Itme.  This,  whK  ihc  circumjacent  lands,  is  the  property 
of  the  latePrefident  Walhington'sh€ir4,and  of  Gen.  Lewis. 

Militia.'}  Every  able  bodied  freeman,  between  the 
agesof  16  afld5o,  k  c||iTfiUed  in  the  militia*  Thenuiti* 
ber  if  about  70,000.   '         ' 

Cbitf  Towns  A  They  bate  no  lownftipa  in  this  ftate# 
nor  any  towns  of  ccmfeq^irencc*  owing  probably  to  the  iri- 
terTeaion  of  the  country  by  navigable  rivers,  which 
brings  the  t  ^de  to  the  doors  of  the  inhabitants  and  pr^ 
vents  the  neceifity  of  their  going  in  queft  of  ^t  to  a  diftance. 

iforfolk  contains,  4,202  white  inhabitants,  and  2,724 
laves.  This  borough  will  probably  become  the  emporium^ 
for  itU  the  trade  of  the  Chelapeak  bay  i»d  its  waters  ;  and 
a  canal  of  8  or  10  miles,  which  is  bow  catting,  andwilf 

trobably  foon  be  eompteted,  will  btiiig  to  it!;aM  that  of  At- 
emarle  Sound  and  'm  waters.  In  Februa^,  1 8o4r  a  ter* 
r^e  file  deftroyed  between  two  and  three  hundred  houfes, 
a  number  of  ve^s,  and  property  to  a  great  amount.  Se- 
tondary  to  this  place,  are  the  towns  at  ^e  head  of  the 
tiiUwaters  ^  viz.  Peterfbii^  on  Appamattost,  Richmond  on 
James  river,  NeweaWe  oft  tork  fiver,  Frecferickfburg  on 
Kappabannock)  and  Alexandria  on  Patomak.  FroR» 
Ibele  the  di(iribation  w^l  bt  t0  Coborc^te  lituations  of  the 

country. 

Alexandria  ftandson  the  foiltb  bank  of  Patomak  riv- 
er, in  Fair^x  county,  milftnadon  is  elevated  and  pleaf^ 
ant  i  it  conuuns  about  6oohovfes,QUHty  of  which  are  hand* 
Ibinely  built  ;  and  5,000  hihabitants. 

Mount  Vernon,  due  celebrated  feslt  of  the  late  Prefidenr 
Wa&inctOB,  is  pleafantly  fitvBited  on  the  Virginia  bank 
•f  the  river  Patomak,  where  it  is  nearly  two  miles  wide, 
and  is  about  280  miles  from  the  Tea,  and  127  from'  Point 
Look  Out,  at  the  mouth  of  tl^e  river.  It  is  nine  miles 
'  below  Alexandria.  X'he  area  of  the  monnt  is  200  feet  above 
the  furface  of  the  river.  On  either  wing  is  a  thick  grove  of 
dSfferent  lowering  and foreft  trees.  Parailel  with  them  on  t^e 
land  fide  are  twoipacious  gardens,  into  which  one  is  led  by 
two  ferpentine  ffV9t\  walks,  planted  with  weeping;  willowa^ 
and  fhady  fhrubs.  The  roanfion  hoMfe  itfclf  appears  vener^ 
bie  and  convenient*  A  Ic^ji  portico,  ninety  fix  feet  ittr 
IcngMH  fttppQjtc4  by  eight  pifi^irsihiia  pMis^<fc41twb<9 


# 


y$i^mm 


*^ 


i^y'r^^*  *««Witl>c  whole  jaremW»ire  of  the  0r«« 
ftmfwHst  in  the  4m  of  Endift  .«r*L^  J^~L    "^ 

«•  M  fliejroe  faifing  along,  add  a  romanSiatotl'/^ 
Trederfc^iuig  »  on«hrfoBth  Merfart*^ 

»nen«hhSdyiif^^^ 

TM.  canal  *M  c«  n^."  L^iSS»"S  "^  •**» »  "^ 
.he  fcS^f 'A'^^rJ'"**^^"^^^^^^^^^      «"*  .* 

.  WiflHimfturg  »  60  mile.  ea<*«rard  °r  i :!!!!!  ?'f  *;  . 

sctweea  James  and  York  rit««~     .;  ; '-" '""i?n|.,  uiuatett 


f4i  of  thon^  aartiaidyJn<M«^ 

fomi  Moi»4aj^»  f^ofeMV  »;  %  rt»a#„pf  the  riypr*  w  »I»llt# 

moi^  l^  t^e  C9|itij^e  ©f  W4  CoMv^Jlw  «w4  hi?  ajpy*  o» 
tM,  19^  4  p^^  17*^*  by^tbP  »M>i>f4  W«<S9  ^i /Vi^l- 

(hfifgts^t  4i0^em(h  ^c.3    The  cpj^gc  pfWUBw  llf»rf 
ICaiy  w»ifpw4«d  ill  thetip* of  kiogWUlkw ajn4  ilU?sn 

kv  and  {i»p}ke--->amit(i>iny  and  niedkk>«<— DtMifai  pM!ilM<lf 
Jby.aw4  «iaUi«»tiG^?:^o|OrRl  ^ilpf^pli^irt  the  ^iwr  qCn*. 
tve  and  nations,  the  fine  arts,  antf  m^^rn  IfA^gieSr 

•lib*  ^olkgp;  edif^ffij  at  huge  wiil^^ 
tiMII  it  h^  a  roof,  ^OiW  bf  ^wlbr  %b?icfe  mio^"*     In 

In  f mc^  E4waRi|  cf^wi^  »^  %,^^>j^tj|c  vmp  4 
Hampden  Sydney  College,  andaii{»!h«r^t  htif^mpl^^ 
«iVi^(Ui^»cci4^,hiQ>ih#w^ngagiiji^ 
Wa^fit  ac<a«ad«nift«tj  Alv^4«q^  No«&||^^ 

Jiirgiin*  UTi^  jPf^%|;tfi9»n^  if]^9pielMtn»i9^^H%ap(i 

fbmetioies  thfi*^  Anc^iji^ j^s^jpijCHl/'' ^l^^  ppdmeed  m)^ 
^af  themoft  diftioguiihed  «a4  ij^prt|kial,n)en  that  hai^  heeir 
d^ivft  in  eiic^n^hc  two  late  f^di  and  nnppr^t  nevolu,* 
«M>na  i»  Ameri«4*  Her  poju^ca^.  %i^  HliHtary  charaA(^ 
vill  raitk  amon^  (h«  firft  in  tbe^ijige  of  hii!Kory. 

Tb«  Virginians  whQ  arc  rich*  aw  V».  genef^J^  fcnfibla. 

^^lit«  aidhofpitaWe,and  of  an^oiiependfii^t  ^irit.  The  poop 

■■'^  tgnotaot  an4  abject  ;  aM  <Ul  arf  of  ^iAq^tfitiT^  ti^cn^ 

Cof^t^tfoH.^    The  ereci$tfi«  pp\i(era  are  lodged  in  th^ 

ibods  of  a  govemour,  choi^a  s^nnally,  and  incapable  of 

aAing  more  than  three  yeart  in,  fevea.     He  is-  aifified  by  a 

COttacilof  8  memhefs.'    LegiibtiQii  19  ej^eis^ifed  ^r  t\t(o 

'l»\4e&  of  AfTeroUyi  the  one  c^«4  ^  km^a  9i44H^9h 


i^fketNfA. 


tif 


<%"^rH<*^^^»  moiibeifs  fre»<iiMch  mhtf,  Adftn  ihh«. 

rf24meibbcrs,  che&n  auicrrtfuftt rfl^ '|^  dife  ikmfc dt^h>rs! 
«bo  fer  this pui^irclilMhjwtcd inftj  14  diftiias.  Tl5 
mcwrent^e  of  boa  lio«re»  ts  aiif^i^Afy  to  the  trifflttj*  of  « 
''^'*'^>3P»«^«»»<^^'»<>^l  WW  lie  flift  that  M%i  fort&d  ifl 
wy^theLrni|«dSta(ci.  ^ 

^?^'*4^^!^,  «W  &«fflfirr«  ]  lijfoie  t]ite  ^K  thti 
i^a^it^nti  of  this  fbite  baid  but  Mt  attention  to  tlTe  i«i- 
ufafture  of  their  own  cfothing.  i:*  Ksu  btren  thi^iHfcht  thi^ 
iiftd  to  impoft  as  nwch  as  fevfinii^fittis  ef  th^r  adthiirtr. 
«w*^tb*y«owmaiMifiiauretJ|rcc quarters  ofit. 
The  amount  of  cx|K)rts  ^om  this  ftate  in  the  year  fuc- 

wucat,  Indian  corn,  tar,  pitch,  mrpcntinc,  pork,  &c  wat 
3»I3»»*»7  dollars.  AboSt  4«,5dd  lioi^lteads  of  tobacco 
were  expoitJed  that  year.     I9  180 1 .  the  exports  From  tS 

«iountedto7,4i4,54«Jrollart,  ^'     ^^ 

^  la^Mw  year  1 758,  tlii»  Aate  ti^^ 

.  T*^'  5!***  ^**  fchcfireattlfifiiaotiti^^vfcr'predicrf 
10  ibif  ftate m  oae  vear.  '         /^       ^ 

^^fi^fpiMy  of  fevers  aodl^fTfioM^  rtvired  the  d«^> 

I'Sfc.iiV*  ^?  5«'^P«y>  wa  gaTC>efii»aneii& 
40dr<%aabiht^f0li^&^iyntBt^  ^     "^  ' 

fi^ April,  1^1^ !%.  Min  RtJfii,aiw«hy  fotto^wjiidte. 

ina».  ,w^  mam^  to  tfaho^a,,  the  d^hter  «f  /Qi,. 

/««,  the  famoosloduiii  chief.     This  c6ao«ioD,  ^ichi^aB 

4a«offricndly«lrtl*#antag^«con«Acr^ 

Jand,  jjjcre  fliewas  tre*ited  With  that  ttt^tion  ittdreib^* 
whwh  (he  had^toemed  by  her  important  fefFices  to  thtffol- 
on/of  Virgmhi.  She  ditd  they«ar  foUowingat  Giafifend 

m  dje  ,sd  yelr^f  hdr  t|c,  juft  as  fte  was  aLut  to^S 
for  America,     ^c  ha#  embi^bfcd  the  cHriftian  religioii ; 

fciam.  She  left « little  fon,  who  havii«g  received  his  ed|. 
Ciltion  in  England,  came  orer  to  Vii^Sa,  where  he  Ufod 
andj^icdin   afflfi^JOV^^^d  h6nt.ur,  letilto  behind  him  mi 

ij^cuwc  fiunilifes  m  Virginia. 


U8 


KENTUGKr. 


Xpmocomo,  ^fta^tjn4'i$n,  hrotlMr-ui-Uw  to  Poegb^ 

tatan  to  brUig  Wijiimi  cm«  ucoiiat  bfthe  Dnmlkin  tod 
flraagth  of  the  E|i^.  Fdr  t^  purpflfe  wketi  lie  arrived 
jtPJymoutli,  tie  took  t  toDfUiclb  imtOmg  to  cut  a  notdb 
ii  It  for  erery  perfi)ii  he  (hnjiild  fee.  Thw  £e  iobo  fboj^d 
itopraaicable,  and  thirew  away  lii»  (tick.  On  his  return,  fee- 
«Off  aikt^  by  Powbat^,  Jiow  liwqrjpw^  ||^e  were,  he  it 
Aid  to  have  rej»^ed»  "  Count  the  Aaraln  the  fkf^  the  ig^vyt 
«ii4he  treesi»  and  the  iandt  on  the  lea-ihore  iht  1mA  k 
th«  mtmber  of fcoplein  England.^ 


* 


■'*r 


■ -'"  V.KENTUCKY. .    ■      ;■'■ 

,  tlTtMdriOll    AK»  BXTBltT. 

mkt. 
|en^  250I.      _.     Jl'^andi^^W.lom  v 

Breadth  jooj  '^*^*«*   lf6' Jo' and  39*30' N.lat. 

SContaiovic  5P»oooiqiiare  miles. 
OVmmi  ««l*th#«;ft by therOhb  4  weft 
by  GmnbeiliMid  ritef ;  fotttli  h^t^ennef. 
fee  {  caft  bySandyr«rer,  a^  a  Twedrawn  duelbnfhliiniitt 
wiirce,  till  it  ftrikeltheno|^FAb<iimdiefy  of^Norti^.|Caf«Hfla. 
mvUM'i^m  WMill^  wail  origili^liy  djyidad^iato 
twir  .eoiii^iet/ toncofii  and|rfleHM.  It  iias  "^  " 
fubdtfided  Into  the  IbUowtttt;  ^: 


countiei. 

Jcnbn»iie 
Woo4^rd 
Sciptt 
'  Mdron''  ■  '■''" 

HarrijQuft 

Ckfk 
Mont|i6i 

«oyd- 

Fraftklili 

G»lUtiii 


N*.  Inhotl.   ■Mo^  S«v 


'Henry 
Kidu^at 


7659 
4a$s 

rsn 
6999 

4893 

47 « 
4450 
107* 

>J14 

*7»r 


37W 

1787 
191 

393 

749 
a4<> 

»9 
lioj^ 

a70 

3SJ 


Eton'  «b  v 
MicMafvUle 

CintHlana 
FainM>iith' , 
Winchefter      * 
'Mottnt  Sterliag 
jFIemtD^arg 
Prcftooibary 
FrankfQrt 


%S*       Newport 


3»5t  406 

iH$         3*»       Newtwwi 


fniMk. 
4791 

':   H 

.  X7» 

34« 

1? 

40 

130 

«3 

x.iit3 

«a8 
iff 


'^> 


.MCretr 

Ndfoa 
Bullit 
.Oreoi 

Shelby 
Jefferfoa 
>  Ltaoolii         ^ 

•feck«arid|;e 
Ohio 

JCnoz 

i-ivingftoa 

t^hriftun 

I'Ogan 

Warren 

MohleaboM 

barren 

Wafliingtp* 

Afadifoa 


KEKTTCKY. 


9Ua 
6o«3 
9087 
344< 


8919 

5597 

7iS 

IlSf 

IXX9 

1*63 

97B7 
%3iS 
5690 
464J 

5784 

ioj8o 


«»^        Danville 
'*34        Lancafter 
fieardaown 
Shepherdfvtfle 
Oreeniburg 


•1^ 


■  »735 
944 

1409 

«330 

«7Jo 

310 

38 


^c'byvJJIe 

LouiArJlIc 

Stanford 

Blirabeffttoira 

Hdrdeniburf 

Hartford 


*3» 

S40       Henderfon 
444         Eddyville 

730        RuflelviHc 

4*7        Bowling  Green 

«'«^     'OreenvTflc 
5pj 

Springfidd 
Kichihond 


«38» 
i«88 


«8o 
xoj 
519 

71 

359 
66 

J6 
49 

7^ 


tJ9 

147 
4« 

„,a6'; 

»63 
ixo 


which  water  this  fertile  tnifl  rf^.V'  ''"''"P'J  '"•nche, 
"ft  Kentucky,  Salt,  Gn^S^lh^'^*^r.  Lick- 
«g"«  bTMchin  various  d^r.ffioit^'' ?"''•,  Thefe 


„-  «,„^„,„  various  dreffioiilJ«*«~i'^^"«e 
^%y^^^d^hkrmzing^^^^  of  differ- 

^^/r/;,^..}  There  ar^ ^^^^^^^^  »?  ^«"ous  parts. 
^«  country,  viz.  the  h%hT  SI     fil^^S"  **•"  ^»^ks  ia 

BuHit's  lick,  at  Saltfbu^g         ^*'^'  ^««"oi,'s  tcks,  'JJ 

-^.t:'tSr;ef^^^^^^  'nu-swWe 

af  limcftonc,  which  in  oeneral  ;!?K?    r*  '*"  "i**'"  «  bed 

„i!?"«*y  i"  ««"eral  i,  we  Pm"  K'*'y,'l?*'«- 
6--WUJ  wiiichis  pecuiiar  »/.  ♦k- — '"'""•     ^'  the  natural 


.i, 


t§^ 


Kfiwrtjcitv; 


wlfleh  CTxIofcs  tfk^^i  of  AVhdch  i  drink  is  m<^*W 
tioHke  coffee.  l^efidcs  thife  there  is  the  hooey  locuft» 
black  mulberry,  wild  cherry  of  a  lar^e  fize*  The  buckeye, 
ah  exceedingly  loft  iTDod,  is  the  borfe  i;hefnut  of  i^AH-o^. 
The  magnolia  bears  a  beautifi^l  bloCom  of  a  rib^  irt&  ek« 
^urfite  fragrarfltt.  S6ch  is  tht  variftt^  and  beayt^  ci|  the 
iloWerirg  fhr.uSs  .^hd  plaiits  \&l)ich  grow  f|i»ntan^p\ii)y  in 
this  counKy,  that  id  the  proper  fea&n  |;he  wilde«iUrls!Ar> 
pears  in  bloflbmr»         /  ^  •       •       >? 

The  account*  of  tfct  fertHfty  of  the  foil  in  this  c^antfry 
have  in  fome  inflances  exce'&ded  belief,  and  proba|)7y  have 
been  exaggerated.  Thatfdme  pa!isx>f  Kentucl<A>»  particu- 
larly the  high  gtonndV  are  remarkabty  good,  aU'kcconi^ts 
agree.  The  lands  of  the  fitft  rate  ji're  s*do  rith  ftt*  \lfhieit, 
and  will  produce  50  ictkd  €6,  and  in  fofhc  inltances,  ii  is  if- 
£rihed,  xbo  biifhiib  of  good  c6rn  ari  acre.  In  conamon^ 
the  land  will  produce  30  bu^els  of  whea^t  or  rye,  an  acte. 
Barley,  oats,  ftax,  hemp,  and  vegetables  of  all  k'tnds  cotn.- 
man  in  this  climate  yield  abbndantly. 

Great  quantities  of  tobacco  li&veGeen  exported  to  France 
and  Spain  through  New -Or  leans.        . 

Ciirhate.^  Healthy  ^d  delightfiil,  fome  few|)!lce»  i» 
iitit  ildghboiirliood  of  PpndjS  and  low  groun<is  excepted. 
Tbe  inha(i)!tant^  4p  nolt  es^erience  the  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold.  Sribw*  (eUM  ftHs  ckep,  or  tva  long,  'i^he 
^itCteV)  whicK  begins  abo'ttt  Ch^mas,  is  never  longer  than 
three  ihonthsj  and  is  comiiioii^lbt  two,  aoid  is  fo  mild  as 
ybat  cattle  can  fuBfift  wiehoot  fodder. 

CBief  ToiuA/.}  i.exingtoh,^whith  ftands  on  the 
islsttd  i/tfsitehcf  £lkhoirii  river,  is  the  largeft  town  in  Keor 
tucky.  Here  the  courts  are  held  and  bciinefs  legularly 
^ondtldt^d,  lis  inhabitants  amount  to  1, 795*  Frankfori 
is  the  capital .;  Wa(hingtoo  and  LouiA^ille  are  the  other 
4;hiertdw*is. 

CMinifhr.^  t|i6  people  of  Kentucky,  colle<*led  from  dif- 
ferent (laU^  6(  diflTereht  manners^  cultoms,  religion,  and  po- 
Ijttcal  feiilirnehts,  Have  riot  been  long  enough  together  tO 
form  a  ^bifdh^  natitfhal  chataAer.  Among  the  fettters 
tHerle  ire  hiahv  eehtienieh  of  abilities,  and  many  genteel 
fkhiiHes,ff'dthftv5raIoftlieCFate$.  •; 

Hfiigiati.j  Hie  religious  denbihuaations  here  art  ;^^«%' 
terians,  Bdptills,  Methodtlts,  and  Epifcopalians.  Therr  has 
lately  been  a  wonderful  attention  to  leligion  ip  thi;  lUte^ 
gv$  many  tilioi^ai;d§  hSf  e  been  adTdedtv  the  Chriftian  churcb^ 


into  ftr«  ^i(Koa*4pr«S  •  tr/"'"''*'  ^""*«'^'» 
PfeiM  court  of  aDDcil.  .„!  rf 'r  ■  •'"'''"'"y  ">  Ih*  fi*- 

^'WQur.  wig,  Xe  of  .htZlf  "*  ^'"'"''*  ■*  *^ 

eonteinplatioi.,  »od    7and»  ^1^-    t5^'<° '"'J' "«« '»  « 

".ore  'i^'^l&^T^SA^^m  y">^h,m> 
Wt^'      rW  mate  ™„ia*  u?  ^  '(''".'j'WWi,  »t  a  Ipv 

«»rip„%  chequered  ^i^  I  rau  oftTbnl^'^  '"'^'  "W**** 
^^-..J     See  A^encaru^L'       Sr4f;^'™'- 


Miles. 


x>iUR  m-GAROLlNA. 

Situation  a.vd  Ejctentv 
Boundaries r[  W  ^U.>jpED  north  by  Virpinla  •  ^^  L  , 


^l3» 


NORTH-CAROLINA. 


miles  to  the  weftward  of  the  great  A  pafachian  mounbafit. 
This  chatn  of  mbantains»  taking  the  whole  for  a  patt,  kat^ 
occaftonally  been  called  thegrett  Iron  mouBtaio. 

Civil  Dkyipm']  1  his  Hate  is  dirided  into  eight  H^ 
trlAsy  which  are  fubdividcd  into  54  coynties,  u  follows. 

i.;.£o&NTON.  53,770  inhabitants.  Coii«/iw— Chowaai> 
Currituck,  Camden,  Pafquotank,  PerquimoD%  Gates,  Hert- 
ford, Bertie>  Tyrrel.  Chief  Towrt'—lLAttkWk*  ,  , 
a.  WiiMiNGTOM.  26,035  iflhabitantf.  Countiii-^\^tvk 
Hanover,  Brunfwick,  Duplin,  Bladen,  Onflow.  Chief 
7oau»— Wilmington. 

3.  Newbeiin.  55,540  inhabitants.  CoMMiief-Crtiytn, 
Beaufort,  Carterec,  Johofton,  Pitt»  Glafgow,  Lenoir, 
Wayne,  Pyde,  Jcnes.  Chief  Tcwn — Newbetn. 

Tbefe  thiee  diflrLfis  are  on  the  fea-coaft,ext6ndh)gfroi» 
'the  Virgiiia  line  fouthward  to  South*Carolina. 

4  Halifax.  64,630  inhabitants.  C«tt«//ipj!— Mtli- 
.fax,  Northampton,  Martin,  Edgcomb,  Wanen,  FrankliiB, 
vNalh.     C*/^rtfw»— Halifax. 

'5.  H1LL8BOROVGH.  59,983  inhalHtants.  C0tm//<r/— ^ 
Orange,  Chatham,  Granville,  Cafwell,  Wake,  Randolj^. 
^/J/^7W«— ^Hiilfborough.  ""^  ** 

6.  Salisbury.  66,480 inhabitants.  Coim/m— Rowan,. 
Mecklenburg,  Rockinghain,  {redell,  Surry,  Montgomery, 
Stokes,  Guilford.    X^/^/^  TWi/— Salifoury. 

1i  Morgan.  33,193' i^habiunts.  ^  C©K»/ifr— Burke, 
Rutherford,  Lincoln,  IViHces. 

'  S^'iFiYETTE.  34.02C^  inhabiants.  Ceunties-^Morc,. 
Jlichmond,  Rob^fon,  Sampfon,  Anfun.  Chief  Town-^ 
^ayetieville. 

•Thefe  five  diftrifts  beginning  on  the  Virginia  line,  cover 
tlilr  whole  llate  weft  of  the  three  maritime  diftrids  before 
mentioned;  and  the  greater  part  of  them  extend  quite 
acrofs  the  ftate  from  north  to  fouth, 

Riiten.']  Thefe  are  the  Chowan,  formed  by  the  con- 
flnuece  of  the  Mehcrrin,  Nottaway  and  Black  river?  ;  all 
of  which  rife  in  Virginia.  Roanoke,  Cul^ai,  Pamlico  or 
Tar  river,  Neus,  Trent,  Pafquotank,  Perquimons,  Little 
Tiver,  and  Alligator.     Cape  Fear»  more  properly  Claren- 

This  ftate  would  be  much  more  valuable,  were  it  not 
tliat  the  rivers  are  barred  at  the  mouths^  and  the  coaft  fur- 
niihes  no  good  harbours^ 


■■#' 


^'0RTH.CAJ10LINA. 


-rKi;^^^^'^^^^^     Pamlico  found  Is  a  kiod 

h  lOo  miles  ia  W r     Co°e V«°  7'  "  ^'"'^ '"^  ""^' 
CO  and  communicatcf  with  it  ""*  *'''  ^^^'"^  «*'  P«™*«^ 

.    Cape  Hatteras  is  in  latitude  ^c'*  ir'      r*       t      . 
isfoiithof  Cape  Htff^r..        ^^-    '^'     ^^pc  Look-out 
Fear  is  remarkable  n^^!'  ^P^'"^"*^    Core  sLnd.     Cape 
form.  t!,c  Fr  Ing  pI:'  '  fe-,  ^^l,  called   from  C 
C^^pe  Fear  riler^n^tltude  /  o^^:)  '''''''"^  '"^^^^^^  «^ 

Curruuck  county/an  ,het;i,J\'l'^"  """""I  «  i- 
Prindfa/  VoZ,  1     mJwK.     \?^  Albemarle  Sound. 

Halifax.  HlluJoui    s!ll^t^'"'   •'•'fT''   Wilmington, 

in  .heir  ,«r„,  b«e  £;„^ttt.f'„f''.?''  /"y""""'.  «cl 

flat  6ndy  P„',  „/',^f "  ^«'"  '"  'l^  ft«e.     It  /{and,  .„  , 

Soand.  and  ha,  !«  Z  t^iffr^  "'''  "^  Alberaarb 
few  handfome  buildinss.^     ■"d.Sferen.  wood  boufe,,  a„d» 

«;f  the  R««~kerair*x'™"^,'*£:S:  »»«'««««* bank 
»^*-«o  or  40  dwelling  K    ^'''**«'i«».  -rfha. 

mony  called  Cape  F«r  ri„r  atol  f  '^i^/^*''".  On.-- 

north  Afe°<rf"far7i^'''  i'"  .'f?  T*^  "''  "w*",'  on  A* 

<^^k!!S^tT^:J^,^T'^  N.U.a„.. 


jiT' 


m 


NORTH-CAROLINA, 


Tar  river,  in  latitude  35''  35'  j  diftant  from  Ocrecock  infct' 
110  miles. 

Tarborough  is  fituated  in  tlie  county  of  Edgcontb,  on 
the  fouth  bank  of  Tar.  river,  in  latitude  35°  45'  }  dilbnt 
tVom  Ocrecock  inlet,  140  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country  t  Soil  an  J  ProduQUnt,']  North-Cam- 
lina  in  its  whole  Vidth,  fot  60  miles  from  the  fea,  is  adeati 
level.  A  great  proportion  of  this  tra<St  lies  in  forell,  and  is 
barren.  On  the  bank?  of  fome  of  the  rivers,  particularly 
of  the  Roanoke,  the  land  is  fertile  and  good.  Interfperfecl 
tlirough  ne  other  parts  are  glades  of  rich  fwamp,  and  ridg- 
es of  oak  land,  of  a  black  fertile  foil.  Sixty  or  80  mile* 
from  the  fca,  the  country  tifes  into  hills  and  mouatains,,  as 
defcribed  under  this  head  in  South-Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats  and  fl*x,  grow  well  in  the  back 
hilly  country.  Indian  corn  and  pulfe  of  all  kinds,  in  all 
parts.  Cotton  and  liemp  are  alfo  confiderablv  cultivated 
here,  and  might  be  raifed  in  much  greater  plenty.  The 
cotton  is  planted  yearly;  the  ftocks  die  with  the  froft.  The 
Jabour  <if  one  man  vill  produce  1 000  pounds  in  the  feeds, 
oj  tf^o  fit  for  nianufaftiiring. 

Trach."]  A  great  proportion  of  the  produce  of  the  back 
country,  confiding  of  tobacco,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  &c. 
is  carried  to  market  in  SoutlvCaro'ina  and  Virgiria.  The 
fouthern  intetiour  counties  carry  ibeir  produce  to  Charlcf* 
ton  ;  and  the  nortlierU  to  Peteriburj^  and  Norfolk.  „  The  ^ 
exports  from  the  lo^er  ^arts  of  the  ftat*:,  re  tar  :cb, 
turpentine,  rofin,  Indian  corn,  boards,  fcantling,  ..aves, 
Singles,  furs,  tobacco,  pork,  lard,  tallow,  bees  wax,  myrtle 
wax,  and  a  few  other  articles,  amounting  in  the  year  end- 
ing Sept.  30,  1791,  to  524,548  dollars.  Their  trade  is 
chiefly  with  the  Well-Indies  arid  the  northern  dates. 

CliynatCy  Difeafis^  SsCc.  J  In  the  flat  co^mtry,  near  the 
fea-coaft,  the  inhabitants,  during  the  fummec  and  autumn,  , 
are  fu^edt  to  intermitting  fevers,  which  often  prove  fatal,  as 
billious  or  nervous  fymptoms  prevail  The  cottntenaates  of 
^  the  inhabitants  diiring  thefe  feafons,  have  generaUy  a  pale 
jellowifii  caft,  occafioned  by  the  preva  "xe  of  bilious  fymp- 
t;v|«e,  I'hfiL'  haae  «»rv  Jitiie  of  the  cilooBi  and  frcftinefs 
of  the  peopi    in  the  nortijern  ftates. 

The  weftern  hi  ly  parts  of  f'leftatc  are  as  healthy  asa«y 
«art  of  America.  That  country  i«  fertile,  full  of  fprings 
and  rivulets  of  pu  t  watier.  Autumn  is  very  pleafairt,  both 
4nreg,aid  to  iliie  te^pcmure  aod  feretitjf.^  the  weather, 


NORTH-CAROLINA. 


<35 


and  the  rlchoefs  and  va?iety  of  the  vegetable  produdkions, 
which  the  feafon  affords.  1  he  winters  are  To  mild  m  Ibme 
years,  that  autumn  may  be  faid  to  contioiie  till  fpring. 
Wheat  harveft  is  in  the  beginning  of  June,  and  that  of  In- 
dian corn  early  in  September. 

Natural  Hijlciy^  Manufa^urety  ^r.]  The  large  natu- 
ral growth  oi  the  plains  in  the  low  country  is  alraoft  uni- 
verftilly  pitch  pine,.which  is  a  tail,  kindfome  tree,  far  fupc- 
riour  to  the  pitch  pine  of  the  northern  fbtes.  This  tree 
may  be  called  the  ihple  commodity  of  North  Cnrolioa.  It 
affbids  pitch,  tar,  turpentine,  and  various  kinds  of  lumber, 
which  togeth-sr  conltitute  at  leaft  one  half  the  exports  of 
this  ftate.  No  country  pro«luce»  finer  white  and  red  oak. 
for  Haves.  The  fwamps  abound  with  cypref»  and  bay  trees. 
The  latter  is  an  erergreen.andis  foodfor  cattle  in  the  winter. 

The  mifletoe  is  common  in  the  back  country.  This  is 
a  (hrub,  which  differs  in  kind,  perhaps,  from  all  others. 
It  never  grows  cut  of  the  earth,  but  on  the  tops  of  trees. 
The  roots  (if  they  may  be  fo  called)  run  under  the  bark  of 
the  tree,  and  incorporate  with  the  wood,  It  is  an  ever- 
green, refembling  the  garden  b<'     .uui 

The  late  war,  by  which  No.ui-Garolina  was  greatly  con- 
vulfed,  put  a  flop  to  fgveral  iron  works.  '  There  are  four  or 
five  furnaces  in  the  ftate,  that  are  in  blaft,  and  ?  proportion- 
able number  of  forges. 

Religion.']  The  V  ^.ern  parts  of  this  flatc,  which  have 
been  fettled  within  s  lafl  ^o  years,  are  cbie^  inhabited 
by  Prefbyterians  from  Pennfylvania,  the  defcendants  i.:  peo- 
ple from  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  are  exceedingly  at- 
tached to  the  doarines,  difcipline^and  ufagcs  of  the  church 
of  Scotland.     They,  are  a  regular,  induftrious  people. 

The  Moravians  have  feveral  flourifhing  Uttlement^  in 
the  upper  parts  oi  the  ftate. 

The  Friends  or  fakers  have  a  fettlement  in  New-Gar- 
den, in  Guilford  county,  and  feveral  congregations  at  Per- 
quimons,  and  Pafquotank.  The  Methodifls  and  BaptiOs 
are  numerous  and  increaling. 

The  inhabitants  of  Wilmington,  Newborn,  Edentoo, 
and  Halifax  diftri<^s,  making  about  three  fifths  of  the  fta*.-? 
«ormerly  profefled  themfc.ves  of  the  Epifcopal  church! 
One  or  two  oaly  Oi  the  original  clergy  renuin,  and  at  preit 
ent  they  have  no  pafticuUr  paftor4,charge.-  The  Bapti/ls 
«tid  Methodifts  have  feota  namb^r  of  Mifiooarypfcaoh- 


2s6 


NORTH-CAROLINA. 


congregations  It  is  not  wnprobable  that  one  or  the  other 
of  thefe  denominations,  and  J^erhajw  both,  may  acquire  coo- 
fiftency,  and  eftabiifli  permaneht  churches. 

C^ltegex   and  j^cudemej.f    The  General  AflemWy  of 
North-Carohna,  in  December,  17^9,  paffed  a  law  incorpo- 
rating  40  gentlemen,  five  from  each  diftria,  as  tmnees  of 
the  Univerfity  of  North-Carolina.  The  General  Affembly, 
in  December,  1791,  loaned  5000I.  to  the  trwftees,  to  ena- 
ble them  to  proceed  immediateJy  wHh  their  buildings. 

Sm*^  *^  *  '^'y  ^^'^  academy  at  Warrenton,  another 
at  Williamlboroi^h  in  Granville,  and  three  or  four  other» 
IB  the  ftate  of  coudderaWe  mote. 

Population^  Charaaer,  MantiffTf  and  CuJi»msA  For  pop- 
olatioiH  fee  Chil  Divifiont.  -*         v  v 

The  North-Caroiinrans  are  moffly  planters,  and  live  from 
half  a  mile  t.T3  and  4  miles  from  each  other,  on  their  plan- 
tations. Tbeyhave  a  plentrful  coantry— no   ready  market 
for  their  podace — little  intercourfe  with  ftrangers,  and  a 
natural  fondnefefot  ibciety,  which  induce  them  to  be  hofpi«able 
10  traveWers    They  appear  to  have  little  tafte  far  (he  fciences. 
North-Carolina   has  had  a  rapid  growth.     In  the  yeaf 
1710^  it  contained  but  about  1,300  fenctble  mea.     It  is- 
BOW,  in  point  of  numbers,  the  fourth  ftate  in  the  Union. 
DuTing  this  amazing  progjrefs  in  population,  which  has  been 
greatly  aided  by  immigrations  from  Pennfylvania^  Virginia^ 
and  other  ftates,  while  cael*  has  been  endeavouring  to  in- 
creafe  his  fortune,   the  human  mmd,  like  an  Mnweeded  gar- 
den,  ha«  been  fuffiared  to  flioot  up  in  wild  diforder.     But 
when  we  confide  Jthat  duimg  the  late  revolution,  this  ftate 
produced  many  dJftinguifted  patriots  and  politicians,  that} 
ftie  fent  Iter  thoufend&to  the  defence  of  Georgia  and  Soutlj- 
Carolina,  and  g»ve  occalkniaj  fnccours  to  Virginia— whcrt 
we  confrdcr  too  the  difficulties  ftie  has^bad  to  eacounteUr 
from  a  mixture  of  rnhabitants  eollededft'om  different  parts, 
ftr^ngcrs  to  each  other,  &nd  mtent  upon  gain,  we  fliall  find 
jnany  things  worthy  of  praife  in  her  general  charadeF. 

Conjiitution,]  By  the  conftitution  of  bhis  ftate,  which 
-^as  ratified  if*  December,  1776,  aJi  legiflative  authority  i» 
Veft^ed  in  two  diftiaa  branches,  both  dependenk  on  the  nao- 
pl«i  viz  a  Senate  and  Houfe  of  Comrooos,  which,  when 
convened  for  bufincft  are  ftyled  the  General  Afl^bly. 
The  lenate  is  compoied  of  reprefenti|dves>  one  from  each 
county,  choTeit  annually  by  ballot.  The  hoiife  ofeommont 
j^afitts  of  reprefeotittiTes  chofcsio  the  ikme  ivay»  two  for 


•ITENMESSEfi. 


137 


each  coantjr,  and  one  for  each  of  the  town  of  Edcnton 
NewUfo,  WUoiingtQa,  Saliibapy,  Hilliboroueh,  Halifex 

M^f^^  The  hiftorjr  of  NorthrCaroIma  b  lefs  knowa 
thail  ihat  of  Uij  other  of  tb^  ftates.  From  the  bcft  accoants 
that  hiftorjr  affords,  tbft  firft  petmaoent  fetdement  in  Nor^b- 
CaroKna  was  made  about  the  year  1 7 1 0^  by  a  number  of 
PalatiaeB  from  Germany,  who  had  been  reduced  to  drcuni- 
ftances  of  great  indigence,  by  a  calttaiitoorwar.  The  in. 
tottt  colony  remained  under  the  gtHeral  ;governmeBt  oT 
South-Carolina,  till  about  the  year  1 729,  when  fc?eo  of  the 
proprietors,  for  a  valuable  oonfideration,  vefted  their  prop- 
erty and  jurifdiaion  in  die  crown  ;  and  ^e  colony  was 
ereaedinto  a  feparate  promce,  by  the  name  ofNortb- 
Carohna,  and  its  preient  limits  efUbli^ed  by  to  order  of 
George  II.  From  ibis  period,  to  tite  revolution  in  1 776, 
the  hiaory  ofNorthCarolina  is  unpufaliihed,  and  of  courfe 
■nknown.  r  \ 


Mrlea. 


TENNESSEE. 

SfTUATIOli^AitD   BZTB1IT. 


■^*.fc,l-\* 


Breadth  104!  135*^  ^^  l^'*  36'   N.  Ijn. 

^«'«»^//«.1  ROUNDED   north    by   Kentucky   ^nd" 

XJ  part  of  Virginia  jN  eallj  by  Norih^^arw 

w?^i  "***"'  '*y  Soutb-Carolina  or  Georgia  ;  weft,  bv the 
Miflifippi.  ' 

Civil 'Bhiftons  and  Populathn.1  This  Jlate,  ere^ed  and 
or**»ized  i|»  I7y6,  is  divided  into  three  diftrids,  and  1/ 
coundes,  whofc  names  and  population,  according  to  a  cen- 
lu8  taken  at  the dofe  of  the  year  1795,  are  as  follow,  vi«. 


Counties. 
I  .  rWaihington, 
JS\  Sullivan. 
«|  1  Green, 
^    C  Haw  kins, 

-jrijcrion, 

Sevier, 
Blount.  • 
inhabitants 


3'C 


The 


No..Inh. 
10,105 

8,457 
76J8 

i».573 

3,578 
2,816 


,  Counties. 

^,.  fDavidi'on, 
g^  <  Sumner, 
I "  (  Tennefle^t 


Total 


77>a62 


of  whom        10,613 


are 


flayei. 


. of  this  diftria  cmigfated  chiefly  from 

Sue  Rid"'"*  *"**  ^''^^  ^^'^  °^  ^'mm  that  lies  weft  of  the  ' 


fj«- 


•  tmmssti^. 


the  rummers  are  remarkably  coolr  and  the  iurr^lli^r  moUt. 
fiiutthweft  o£ilii8,,as/ar  as^e  fpdian  tow«8,  t^e<(«|^9te  is 
«uidLwanner,^and£ht  fbU  beusr  adapted  uy  tt)epindiii^»Q<)9 
«f  ahe  ibutfaei!U  Jlates;  ■  • ;  . .  . ,.  y;,^^  ^^iq^jtirv,:! ;• :;. 

-R«o*r/  ofi^^auntaittj.}  The  Tenwfleff,  wOledaJfo  the 
Gbecokee,  is  die  fliirgeiV  branch  pf  jthfc  Qhip.  U  cifw  in 
Ae  mountains  of  Virffinia,  latitude  97°,andpuHV«r  aeoujcfe 
df abojtt !  ,000  mikjTputh  and  fouthjyeft,  nearly  to  latimde 
34**,  r«od«ring  frcxnJ^othJ^esa  niuoher  of  large  tribjitaiy 
4*re^ra»»  r  It  th^Hwhcteis  ahmit  toth*  noj-th  in ,»  «ircttkav|ff 
counfe,  and  nvugles  with  the  Obioi  neatly  ^o  nwUs  ^om 
ksMtuihw  faojc  its  entrance  Wo  th«  Uh»o,.to  theMi^- 
<le  Sh6a^»  a^o  milja^iAe  current  i^  yery  gesrie,  Mdthe 
*ivcf  deep  «nough,  sir  all  feafons,  fcr  the  largeft  row  fejats. 
TJie  Kufcle  Shoals  are  about  ao  miles  io  Urigth.  At  this 
plact  the  river  fpreads  to  the  width  of  3  miles,  and  focois^ 
aambcr  of  iflands,  and  k  of  difficult  paflUge,  except  when 
thefe  is  a  fWell  in  the  river,  from  theft  ffioaisno  the  whirl 
-  or  fuck,  the  place  w|»rf  >b^  rivj^r  bff ajfis  tlirough  the  «reat 
ridge>,  or  Cumberland  mountain,  is  250  miles,  the  naviga- 
tion al|  the  way  WEccUentiiif  tioftts  of  40  or  5^0  tons. 

T^e^umbefland  mountain^  in  its  whole  extent,  from  the 
Oft^  K»^i^i6  ^TchnegKf^Qfif^  9f  tht  nwft'fta: 
j|>en#ous  pjhw  of  c^pggy  rocjjs.  of  any  nibtint^  in  the  weft- 
em  cotjntry.  ThtoujBjh  this  ftupendous  ilifei  according  ut> 
modern  hypothefer,  had  the  waters  of  all  the  upper  branches 
of  the  TcBneflcc  tO'  force  their  way.  T^e  attempt  would 
have  been  impraaicablie  at  any  other  place  than  the  orie 
mentioned,  /or  more  than  100  miles  eaftwardly:  Here  then 
ftems  to  have  been  the  ehafm,  left%  the  Creator,  to  con^ 
tey  off  thofe  waters,  wbieh  ninft  otherwife  have  oversowed, 
and  rendered  ufekf*  a  yaflTttti^  O^voiuabU  eountry,  dncom- 
'f9,(C€d  within  the  rateuntaJnsi. 

^e /^/6/f'/,  as  h  is  called,  is  in  «bo«t  lattttlde  15**^.  It 
h  reckoned  a  great  curiofrty.  The  river,  which ;i  few piiles 
above,  is  half  a  mile  wide,  is  her«  xomprefled  to  chc  width 
of  about  roo  yards.  Juft:  as^  it  enters  the  mounfainv  a  I^rge 
rock  projedte  'fr6m  the  northern  fHorer  in  an  obHoti-^direC' 
fioB,  whicH  renders  the  bed  of  the  river  ftiti narrower,  and 
;Eau£es  a  fudden  bend  ;  the  water  of  tjie  river,  is  pf  courfe 
jbrovrn  vithgreat  rapidity  againfl  the  fouthe^rn  (hpre,  whence 
ft  tebounds  abound  the  point  of  the  rockj  and  produces  th« 


M^ 


/ 


mmmmm. 


*3f 

amiteKfel6#  iWef  WHM,  the  ri^d- ft^iadfi  i&rf  .Vi' ..^Su^^ 
^^\}^h,^  ^^*  ■^*****'«"'^'  «*.  *«  Hoi! 

***y  "«„  *****  e«rtW«rd  rtBaH*  4i  faf ,  bat  tarn  »  rtuch 
^r?i?'!!'  "^  ^^  li^i^sblfe  .riveVd  in  this  t^Hfoty.  which 

TV  th  thofe  which  are  uninhabitable.     Sbnte  bf  <h^r.    ,  (^^ 

are  the  moft  ftupcmdous  pile's  iri  thellriited  ^Mtes.     Thev 
f^r   ^^'i  «'°^^'^^  ""^  ^^  <^«^1      <^l««Ch  mountain^ 

mTht  hl!^f  ^.'!;  ^''^**  «"'*'«  a^'d^^^^frd  Mote's  No^ 
might  be  defcnbed  as  curiofities.  *  ""• 

j#ith  Wrge  herds  6f  Urild  cattle,  imp^dpeHy  called  B&tfaio^s^ 
but  the  nnprovideht  dr  ill-di^ofed  artbng  the  fifft  fet  Im     ' 
T^/^^^^^^^^^  ofWm  outimere  WmS 

GuXf h J^^?  ^'-^SS^  °"  ^^' °^ ^^ ^°»*^ branches oF 
tuihbfeHihd  river.     Elk  or  moofe  are  feen  in  maHy  places 

S^IaLlT^^^"  rT^"'-  The  deer  are  becoL^coft! 
^ratiVely  rcarce  J  fo  that  ito  peifdH  rtikei  a  biifinefs  of 
hunting  thehi  -for  tffcir  fkins  ohiy.  Eftodgh  of  Sand 
woresyetrintain      Beajfersan^^^^^^^^^^ 

$U  Fii^*^^^  of  Cuntbbrlatld  and  J^enTucky  river^ 
■  the«iari,rt^th,  the  king  of  the  laoid  aiiirhals,  U^ 
T^iy  ah  inhabitant  of  this  cOUHfry.  »     *»  lor 

Jin^^l.  7^^  <if*i*ry  furrii  to  rfi%  valuable  a^ 
m^r.^Jn^'^AT'T  '""  ^*?g°">n^iaddle  hories,betf. 
<»^  ic.  gihfeng,  deer  ftiris  and  furs,  cbtt6h,  Kemp  arid  flax! 

and  flodr,  which  Will  bt  exported  In  ^reat  quantities,  now 


J40 


T£NN£1$^19* 


Jia/igi(m,J  .Thfs  Preib3^crians  are  the  prerailini  4i^ 
Bfuninatioi  of  Clgfti^os  in  this  diitriA  They  hav*  * 
^abyierj  eftabmhcdby^a  of  fynod,  which, J#  1788, 
C<i^iiited  of  Is  large  coogregatioos,  who  were  tlien  f^Iied 
^X'^ih  fk  niioiaers.  iherc  alf^  fome  of  tfce  B^ti^, 
i^jMet^id  denointnatiDrs. 

i  ;-'i^'^te-KThrec  colleges:  «e  eflaljVtMiby  Mw ill 
-  this  Itate,  vif.  Orcenville  €ol7/^e  in  Green  cciuntar ;  BJovMiit 
college  at  Knoxville,  ao^  Waniingtpu  college  in  Walhing- 
ton  county.  Confiderable  finids  have  bees  cdlleaeii  ior 
the  former,  and  one  or  two  tboqi^i.^  volumes  of  books  for 
its,  library.  A  fociety  has  be^n  eilabliflied,  who  fty le thei% 
felves,  «  A  fociety  for  prorabting  Ufeful  KnowlecL?/*    ' 

Cba^alier  and  Manneri.\,  ,  Tb^reis  nothing  in  the  char- 
afler  of  this  people  that  diftinguiihes  tliem  from  the  fettlers 
of  new  coufiiries  in  general.  Among  the  bulk  of  the  in- 
habitants, a  great  fimplicity  of  manners  prevails.  Wreft- 
J">g>  jwnping,  running  foot  races,  and  playing  at  ball,  are  the 
cpnYnp^  diverlions.  Dancing  is  coming  into  faihion.  Card 
playing  K  a  rare  amufement.  The  hunting  fljirt  is  AilJ  woro 
by  the  miKtia  on  duty,  and  by  hunters  inpurfuit  of  game. 

iV/«tfi«>W  roww.  j  Knoxville,  beautifally  fituated  on 
the  Holfton,  is  the  feat  of  government  in  this  ftate  «  N, 
Jat-  35**  42'- 

Nafliwlie,N.  lat.  56*.  The  courts  for  thediftridof 
Jlero  are  femi-anwially  held  here  4  and  it  has  twohoufes 
for  pubhck  worfhip,  and  a  handfomely  endowed  academy, 
eltabhihedin  1786.  _  -:  ' 

Joncftorough  is  the  feat  of  the  courts  held  in  Wafliing- 
ton  diftrifi.  There  are  eight  other  towns  of  lefs  note  in 
dif  ftate. 

Militia,-]  In  1 788,  the  miUtIa  of  this  diftrid  amounted 
to  between  7  and  8,000  effijdive  mem  who  were  principally 
armed  with  rifltt.  There  are  treble  this  number  at  prdTent. 

^»atan^^^  The  Indian  tribes  within  and  in  the  vicinity 
oFthis  diftnft,  are  the  Cherokees  and  Chickafaws.  The 
Chcrokees  have  been  a  warlike  and  numerous  nation  ;  but 
by  contmual  wars,  in  which  it  has  been  their  deftiny  to  be 
engage!^  with  iJie  northern  Indian  tribes,  they  were  re^uc 
€«  at  ti^e  cuinnicficci-nent  of  the  lail  war,  to  about  2000 
faghtmg  inen,  fince  which  they  have  been  reduced  more 

^*'"ou.  ?  ?"*  ^^"^  ^^^^""^  ^ea'*^  and  pufillanimous. 
K.  ^?f.Ch'ckafaw8  of  all  the  Indian  tribes  within  the  lim- 
its of  the  United  States  merit  the  raoft  from  the  AnKri- 


-     S0UTH.CAROLINA. 

«ans  having  at  all  times  mainttined  a  brotherly  ,♦♦    i    • 
to  them.     They  glory  i„  i^yi^^Zy  lZtji^'^::i 
^  an  7^  nglo  American.     There  is  I  orla  ^  Jll  ^^ 
tweenthe  Chickafaw  and  Choftaw   lanouaTes    H  ^ 
common  peoule  can  ^onv*.rf»  »«    ,1.       *"6"*g^*»  that  the 

op^nncr.  in  their  cLnuo  J  f  ^I't^'^^^ '"^^  <="««- 
^n,o„g  iava««.  Tbefe  nations,  Z,  .iT te";),  "  »"' 
of  a  great   nation  that  once  lived  ftr  to  the  l/ft"!!?? 

an  heredi"i^h7,r^d.   '       *'  '^^  *'"""  '^'^  «'«  '«»'-' 

G^'f^;'!"- "^   ^^-•'-3     See  An,eric|n  Univeriit: 


SOUTH-CAROLINA. 

tength  200  7  .  f .»  .„j  „„  ,„  ,       S<l- Ma«. 

™  1*5  J  1^  jO  jind  jjo  N.lat.  J  *°>8oo 

&««-/-.r«..]Jl°Pf^ED     north,  by    NorthCaro- 

of  Us  head  wate«,  c^S^d  rZlf  ;r  ^Ih'^-"/'- 
tins  ftate  from  G'^orgia.  ^  '       "^'^  dmdes^ 

^   Chii Divijions  and. Population.!,     Th^  ft,.--  •    j-  -^   . 


Diftria.i. 

Charlcfti»n 

Colleton 

Beaufort 

Georgetown 

Orangcburgl^ 

Sumptcr 

Marion 

Barqwcl? 

York 

Chrfter 

Fairfield 

Uurens 


No.  In!.  Slaves. 
57  480  41,945 
a4.903  iCAIi 
ao>4a8  1 6,03 1 
aa,9j8  1^,568 
i5,;<6  5.356 
"5.103 

<5i9«4 
io,j548 


O       o  _ 

0.105 
jo,097 
xl,So9 


1,690 
1,804 
1,164 
i>968 
919 


Dlflria*. 

Pendleton 

Greenville 

Sp4rtaabur|ih 

Union 

Egcfield 

Atberville 

Richland 

Lancafttr 

Kerfliaw 

Newberry 

Cherau 


No.  Inh. 

ao.»5» 
»M04 

»8,i3o 

6,097 

5.0 1 » 

7!J40 

xa,ooo 

28,299 


81avet. 

M3f 
^.467 
1,697 
5iOor 

2*9<^' 

3.03J 

1,076 

2,ac4 
4,8/7 


W 


^<««t,    3<5,jr9i  »46,ij'r 


»^ 


SOUTH  CAROL W A. 


/Www.]  This  ftate  is  watered  by  four  large  naviga- 
ble riverS)  viz.  the  SaVannah,  £di(lo,  Ptdee,  and 
Santee,  tKe  latter  of  vrhich  is  the  largeft  and  Idtigeft 
rircriin  this  ftate  ;  it  empties  into  the  ocean  by  two 
mouthy,  a  little  fouth  of  Georgetown. 
■  tf  The  rivers  of  a  fecondary  fize,  as  you  pafs  from  north 
to  fouth,  are  Wakkamay,  Black  river.  Cooper,  Afhepo, 
and  Combahee. 

'In  the  third  clafs  are  comprehended  thofe  rivers 
which  extend  but  a  (hort  diftance  from  the  ocean,  and 
ierve  by  branching  into  numberlefs  creeks,  as  drains  to 
take  off  the  quantity  of  rain  water,  which  comes  down 
^rom  the  large  inland  fwamps ;,  or  are  merely  arms  of 
the  fea.  The  tide,  in  no  part  of  the  ftate,.  flows  more 
than  25  miles  from  the  fea. 

Canai.'i  A  company  has  been' incorpo,r?ited  for  the 
^urpofe  of  conncfting  Cooper  and  Santee  r  i  vers,  by  a  canal 
of  21  miles  in  length — coftefttmatedat  400,0001.  currea« 
cy.     It  is  now  completed,  and  in  fuccefsful  operation. 

Mbunimns.']  ^ycept  the  high  hills  of  the  Santee,  the 
Ridge,  and  fome  few  other  hills,  this  country  is  like 
^ne  cxtenfive  plain,  till  you  reach  the  Tyron  and  Hog- 
back mountains,  »20  miles  northweft  of  Charlefton^ 
The  mduntains  weft  and  northweft  rife  much  higher 
Uian  thefe,  and  form  a  ridge,  which  divides  the  waters 
of  Tenneffee  And  Santee  river*. 

Harbours.']  The  only  harbours  of  note  are  thofe  of 
Char\efton,  Port  Royal  and  Georgetown. 

Jflands.l  The  fea-coaft  is  bordered  with  a  chain  of 
fine  fea  iflands  around  which  the  fea  flowsj  opening  an 
excellent  inlail^d  navigation ♦  for  the  conveyance  of  prod- 
uce to  market.  Tiie  principal  of  thefe  are  BulPs  De- 
wee's,  and  Sullivan's  ijQand$»  which  form  the  north  part 
of  Charlefton,  harbojir.  James*.  John's,  Wadmelaw, 
Port  Royal,  St,  Helena^  Ladies,  Paris,  and  the  Hunting 
lilands,  five  or  fix  in  number,  Hilton  Head,  Pinckney's 
Buirs,  Dawfuflcies,  and  fome  fmaller  iflands. 

The  foil  of  thefe  ifiands  is  generally  belter  adapted 
to  the  culture  of  indigo  than  the  main,  and  lefs  fufted 
to  rice.  CutlOii  gfoWM  very  well  upon  them.  The  nat? 
ural  growth  is  the  live  oak,  which  is  excellent  for  fhlp* 
timbers  ;  and  the  palmetto  or  cabbage  tree,  the  utility 
of  which  in  the  coaftru^ioi^  of  fofts,  was  cjcpeiienced 
dttryig  the  lau  war. 


^O'tymCAHOLtN'it. 


(^hie/Towns.]  Charleftoii  fs  tHe  ortly  confidciiible 
fo«.n  m  South.Carolina.  Ittir  fuu.ted  on  the  tongul 
otland  which  IS  formed  by  the  confluence  of  Al4y 
and  Cooper  rivers.  Thefe  rivets  mingle  their  waters 
.tnmediateljr  below  the  town,  and  fornTa  fpaciouTa,^ 

ITkT  t^""';  'yhich  communicates widi  the  oce^ 
j«a  below  vSulhvan's  .fUnd.  which  it  leaves  on  the  north" 
feven  miles  foutheaft  of  the  town.  The  continued  ag  - 
ration  which  this  occafibns  in  the  waters  which  almoft 
furround  Charlefton^the  refreOiing  fea  breezes  which- 
are  regtrlarly  felt,  tnd  the  fn.oke  ai^Qng  from  To  many 
chimn.es,  rend.r  Charlefton  more  healthy  than  any  p  "rt 

l!i^  V  "!  T"''!^' •"  the  fouthern  ftatet.     On  this  ac 
countit  ,s  the  refort  of  great  numbers  of  gentlemen, 
mvalids  from   the  Weftwindia  illands,  and  of  the  rich 
planters  from  the  ^ountry..  who  come  here  to  fpend  the 
fickly  months,  asthey  are  called,  in  qiieft  of  health  and 
of  the  focal  enjoyment  which  this  city  affords.     And 
m  no  part  o.  America  »re  the  focial  bleffings  enjoyed 
more  rationally  and  hberally  than  it,  Charlefon.     Un- 
affefted   hofpitahty,   affability,    ea'fe   ;n   mariners  and 
addrefs,  and  a  difpofitioiv  to  make  their  guefts  w^come, 
eafy  and  pleafed  with  themfelvts,  are  chara^eriSicy  oF 
the  refpeftahle  people  in  Charldlon. 

I  ^T^^  ^l"^!'*"^  buildings  are,  an  exchange,  ftate-houfe. 
lately  rebuilt,  armoury,  poor  houfe,  twofarge  churches, 
for  Epifcopahans,  two  for  Congregationalids  or  Jnde- 
pendtnts,  one  of  which  has  lately  be(ifi  rebuilt  of  brick. 
m  an  elegant  circirlar  form,  one  for  Scotch  PreAyteri-  ■ 
ans,  one  for  B  tptifts,  one  for  German  Luthcrani;  two 
for  he  Mediodiits,  (a  large  houfe  for  worihip  being 
lately  finifhed  by  them)  one  for  French  Proteftants  ; 
b^Gdfes  a  meeting-houfe  for  Quakers,  a  Roman  Cath- 
•lick  Chapel,  and  a  Jewlfh  fynaeogue. 

But  little  attention  is  paid  to  flie publick  markets.  A 
great  proportion  of  the  moft  wcafthy  inhabitants  have 
plantations,  from  which  they  receive  Aipplies.of  almoft.' 
everyarticle  of  living.  The  country  abounds  with  pouU 
try  and  wild  ^ducks.  Their  beef,  mutton  and  veal  are 
Sio.  CI  trie  oeit  Kind.  !<  ew  fifh  are  brought  to  market. 
.Ao  '^^'*  JS^^""^  ^"^  '^'.^59  inhabitants,  of  whom 
wfrfc,.     '"•     ^"  '^"^^  *9'' ^*'  ^^  whom  9,053 


..^44 


SOtJTH  CAROLINA. 


.  -Beaufort,  on  Port  Royal  Ifland,  is  a  pleaf^nt  UttTe 
town  of  about  loo  houfes,  and  700  inhabitants,  who 
sircdiftinguilhed  for  their  hofpitaiity  and  polrjenefs. 

Georgetown,  6i  miles  N.  E.  of  Charlefton,  the  feat 
ofjuftice  of  Georgetown  diihiifc,  ftands  on  a  fpot  of 
land  near  the  junction  of  a  number  of  rivers,  which 
.  when  united  in  oae  broad  ftream,  by  the  name  of  Win- 
y.aw;,  fall  into  the  ocean  1 2  miles  below  the  town.  , 
■  Columbia,  which  has  lately  been  made  the  ft  at  of 
government,  by  the  legiflature,  (lands  juft  below  the 
jun<5lion  of  Saluda  and  Broad  riversj  on  the  Gongaree, 
a  branch  of  the  Santee. 

General  Face  of  the  Country.']      The   whole   ft^te,  ta 
tlie  diftance  of  80  miles  from  |the  fea,  is  level,  and  al- 
moft  without  a    (lone.     In  this  diftance,  by  a  gradual 
^afccnt  from  the  fea-coaft,  the  land  rift^  about  190  feet. 
HerCrif  you  proceed  in  a  W.  N.  W.courfe  from  Chai-lef^ 
ton,  conunences  a  curiooily  uneven  country.  The  trav- 
eller is  conftantly  afcending  or  defcending  little  fand- 
4iills,.wfcich  nature  feems  to  hav«  difunited  in  a  frolick. 
^  If  a  pretty  high  iea  were  fuddenly  arrefted  Ind  trans- 
formed into  fand  hills,  in  the  very  form  the  waves  exift. 
edac  the  "^noment  of  transformation,  it  would  prefent, 
tnceye  with  /uft  fuch  a  view    as  is  here  to  be  feen. 
Some  Irttk  herbage,  and  a  few  fmall  pines,  gr^w  even 
on  this  foil.     The  inhabitants  are  few,  and  have  but  a 
fcanty  fubfiflence  on   corn  an^l  fweet  potatoes,  which 
^row  hjare  tolerably  well.     This  curious  country  contin- 
ues for  about  60  miles,  tUl    you  arrive  at  a  place  called 
Th^  Ridge,   \/^o  miles  frorti  Charlefton.     Thii  ridge  is 
a  remarkable  trad  of  Jiigh  ground,  as  you  approach  it 
from  the  fea,  but  level  as  you  advance  northweft  from 
^its.^  fummit.     It  is  a  fine,  high,  healthy  belt  of  land, 
well  watered,   and  of  |  good  foil,  and   extends  from 
the  Savannah   to    I|raad   River.     Beyond    this  Ridge 
commences  a  country  exa^ly  refembling  the  northern 
^ibites..    Here  hills  and  dales,  with    all  their  verdure 
lind  variegated  beauty,  prefent   themfclves  to  the  eye. 
Wheat  fields,  which  are  rare  in  the  low  country,  begin  to 
grow  common.     Here    Heaven  has  beftowed  its  blefl- 
ings  with  a  moft  bounteous   hand.     The  air  is  much 
more  temperate  and  healthful  than  nearer  to  the  lea. 
The  hills  are   covered  with  valuable  woods,  the  vallies 
arc  watered   with   beautiful  rivers,  and  the  fertility  of 


SOUTH  CAROLINA.  ^^. 


their  lanzuaue  hiVt  S       "'^  "^^  P«°P'«.  »nd  wn 

that  Uifh  i»™.dl;  :^'pV.ttT.mS "•"  "'!.""""=' 
eJ  2  JO  miles,  in  a  northw^ft  ^  a  ""  """""S  advanc. 
the  elevation  o"the?rd  1        u*?'"" '"'""  Charlefton 

m.-nfuration  to  Sai^t:,''""^'';/"  ""•"•  "  '■"»■"' "' 
tainous  country.  wWeh^l,-  """X""'  a  moun- 

terminating  XlttXc'"  """«  '"*  "«  ^-'a*™ 

fo«tki:dl'''"^^"TL^  nP'/"''  ">y  >•*  divided  inta 
only  for  its  timb„.  wCrJr'"'  "'"f"'  "  »»'"»''le 
are  'ra^s  of  laXee  oS^^^-^Jig  i"?' >""'  barren 

b'it  that  of  grafs..  aTiefe  traflsTe  Sdiill     "'■''*''' 
fiitutmea  /icoijd  kinrt  r.e  f^n      •  7 -""'""'"nas.jon 
/^/Wki^d  isthat  of  the^^^^^  rh. 

rivers,  which-  is  a  n«-xture^^MTt  \'*^«^'°""^''  o«  the 
producing  naturallv^anennL!^  *°^"*  ^"'^  ^^^  ^1^7.  , 
loblolly,  pinesX^n  S^?efJ^l^*^^^^^  ^^P^^''^*  W4 
which  conftitutes  the  ftarie  ImSL!!- *"  "  '^^'^y^^ed, 
The  high  lands/ comnKmlyfcftTn^'^*'L°^'^^  '^*^«- 
oak  and  hickor;  lands^7fthn  r.L'?  '^  "^'"'^  °f 'he 
The  natural  grow^Sis'^k  S^^^^^  ^'"^  °f  f«»- 

Ijuft    Onth^efeutrrrtttt^^^^^^^^^ 

cd  Indian  cora  princii>allv  .  o«j  •     l  ^J    ^  cultivat- 

There  is  little  fruit  in  this  ftate  «fi«.:  ji    -^  "'^* 
parts  of  it.     They  bare  w-anle^'5£  k   *^  n»th*  lo;rer 
and  figs  in  plent  A  a  ft  "llS'^^tS^^^^^^^^^   ^^"^• 
granateir,  pears  atid  peaches ,  ap^cs  arTfralc.'  'l?™^' 
imported  from  the  northern  ftates     m!.i«    7'/""^  ^* 

^^jr.^^^on)  are  raided  her^n  gJfat'^i^t'n""' 
^<?<5&  ofcitlthafino  Pir^  1     D  •      *         perfection. 

«m.e  higher  parts  of  i,  wbici  are  St^es^uT:,r -I* 
a  hoe.  or  mpW^'i^^A  u_  .  _i_     ,  *"^'y""»es  aug  up  with 

"cc  i,  ro«ng7*ro;XwS;T,K"r^-™':i;^''»  ^ 

growth..  —    ■ 


»«nt ■t.growth.  Thofe  whoEaveX   .;  'X""?' 


com. 


%\ 


•     ^<^ 


SOUTH-CAROLINA.. 


with  the  hoc  while  it  is  yet  young,  thougli  it  is  deemedl 
beft  to  keep  out   th*e  grafs  without  this  aid,  by  the  hoc 
only.  The  water  is  co^imonly  kept  on  the  rice  eight  or 
ten   days   after  fcoing.     When  the  ear  is  formed,  the 
water  is  continued  on  till  ir  is  ripe.     It  is  hoed  three  or 
-'  four  times.     When  the  grafs  is  very  thick  a  negro  can- 
not hoe  more  than  one  fixteenth  of  an  acre  in  a  ciay. 
rrom  three  pecks  to  a  buftiel  is  fown  or^  an  acre.     It 
produces  from    50  to  80   buH  d$  of  rough  rice  an  acre 
—  I  20  bufhels  of  rough  rice  hitve  been  prodiMred  on  one^ 
acre  ;  20  buftiels  of  which  nlake  about  5C0  pounds,  or 
eight  and  a  quarter  bUfhels  clean  rice  for  market.  Alier 
it  is  thrclhedjit  is  winnowed,  and  then  ground  in  a  mill 
conftruded    of  two  blocks,  in  a  fim pie  manner — then 
winnowed  by  a  fan  conftrudled  for  that  Durpofe — then 
beat  in  a  nrortar  by  hand,  or  now  generally  by  horfe  or 
water  machines — then  fifted,  to  feparate  the  whole  rice 
from  that  which  is  broken,  and  the  flour.     The  whole 
rice  is  then   barrelled  iA  caflcs  of  about  500  pounds,  or 
eight  and  a  quarter  buihels.     The  fmall  rice  ferves  for 
provifions,   and  the  flour  for  provender  ;  the  chaff  for 
matiure  and  the:  draw  for  fodder.  The    blade  is  green 
and  frefti  while  the  ear  is  ripe.     The  price  is  from  9/4. 
to  I  c/S  a  hundred — dollars  4^^.  . 

Conjiituiicn.']  The  legiflative  authority  is  vefted  in  a 
general  aflemhly,  confifting  of  a  fenate  and  houfe  of  rep- 
refeniatives..  Tliere  are  1 24  reprefentativcs  and  35  fen- 
ators  app9inted  among  the  feveral  diftrrds.  The  gen- 
eral aflembly  is  chofen  on  the  fecon'^'  Monday  of  OS(o» 
her,  and  meets  on  the  fourth  Monday  in  November  an» 
nnally.  Each  houfe  choofes  its  own  ofiiccrs,  judges  of 
the  qualifications  of  its  membersi,  and  ha&  ^  negative 
on  the  other.  The  executive  authority  is  vefted  in  a 
govemour,  chofen  for  two  years,  by  both  houfes  of  af- 
fembly  jointly  ;  but  he  cannot  be  rc-eledted  till  after 
four  years.  A  lieutenant  governour  is  chofen  in  the 
fame  manner,  for  the  fame  titne,  and  holds  the  oflSce  cf[ 
governour  in  cafe  of  vacancy. 

This'conftitution  was  ratified  June  3,  1790. 

$tale  of  Literature.!  Gentlemen  of  fortune,  before 
the  late  war,  fent  their  fons  to  Europe,  for  education. 
IDuring  the  war  and  fmce,  fhey  have  generally  fent 
them  to  the  middle  and  northern  ftates.  There  are 
^<^ersil   refpe<£tabk  a^deaies  in  Ch^Ieftooi  ope  Hlk 


90UTH.CAR0LINA. 


*4f 


Beaufort,  on  Porr   Royal  ifl^nd,  and  fcvcral  others  in 
different  parts  of  the  ibte.     Three  colleges  have  late  v 
Wnmcorporated  by  law  ;  one  at  Charleftonrone  at 
W.mjn>orough,  mthc  diOridl  of  Camden,  the  other  a 
Cambridge,  .n  the  dhirla  cA  Ninety-Six.     The  public" 

i-ges,  were   originally  intended  to  have  been  annroor 

•  r,  a  1?"'''^  n^^'^  '^''  '"''''^''^  *"^  Supporting  of  TeTen 
pedbible  colege  The  djvifton  of  thcfe  donations  has 
IruUratcd  this  defign.  fhe  Mount  Sion  College  at 
Wmniborough,  isiupported  by  a  rcfpeftable  focifty  of 
genticmen,  who  have  long  h.en  incorporated.  Th  sin 
tl.tut.on  floun/hes  and  bids  fair  for  ulkfulnefs^  Th; 
col  ege  at  Caml.idge  i.  no  more  th.na  gra"fcho^^^ 
1  he  legillature  have  made  provifion  lately  for  ertab 
lifhmg  a  uni^rlity  at  Columbia.  ^  ''" 

CAanfab/e  and  other  Soci  tlcf-]     Thefe  are  the  South- 
Carolina,  M<>„„t  Sion,  Library,  and  St.  Cecilia  fc^S 
-a  focety  for  the  relief  of  wWows  and  orphans^  cl« 
gymen-.a  medical  fociety  lately  inrtitute*^  in  Charlef: 
ton  and  a  mufical  fociety.     At  Beatifort.  and  on  St 
Helena,  are   feveral  charitable  focieties  incorporated 
with  funds  to  a  confiderable  amount.  defigneZprb^^^^ 
pally  for  the  education  of  poor  children,  and  wS 
prom.fe.  at  af^ure  day  to  b^of  great  publick  uTili ty 
//7W.]      Ihe  Catabawsaretbeonlynatioaoflnl 
duns  .n  this  aate.     They   have   but  one' town,  called 
Catabaw,  ntuated  on  Catabaw  river,  in  latitude  \  I°W . 
on  the  boundary  line  between  North' and  South  Car^iii 

?/o?.   TT-""  ^^"^^^  ^^°  inhabitants,  of  which  about 
150  are  hghimg  men. 

^%w«.]  Since  the  revolution  by  which  all  denom- 
inations were  put  on  an  equal  footing,  there  have  beTn 
no  difputes  between  different  religious  feds!  Thev  all 
agree  to  differ,  ^neyail 

Pr^.^  "^P*"*  S^"'.  v^  "^'^  ^^'^  ^«  ^««led  chiefly  by 
Preftytenans.  Baptifts  and  Methodifts.  From  the  Lft 

denomt^r^'"^^^^^^^^^  ^"PP°^^^  that  t^  rel  g^u. 

denonjmations  of  this   date  as  to  the  numbers,  mfy  be 

jr^ational   and  the   Independent   churche^  Epffc^ 
pahans,  Baptifts,  Methodifts,  8cc.  ^ 

C^ara^.r.]  There   is  no  peculiarity  in  the  manners 


148 


SOUTH-CAROLINA. 


the  mifchlevous  influence  of  flAvery  ;  and  in  thii  in* 
deed  they  do  not  differ  from  the  inhabitants  of  the  other 
foutliern  flates«  SUvery,  by  exempting,  great  nunr- 
bers  from  neccfUties  of  labour,  leard*  to  luxury,  dif- 
fipatlon  and  extravagance.  The  abfolute  authority 
whfch  is  excTcifed  over  their  (laves,  too  much  favour* 
a  haughty  fuperciHous  behaviour. 

Tlic  Carolinian*  are  generally  afF*ble  and  eafy  in 
their  mannersy  and  polite  and  attentive  to  flrangers. 
The  ladiw  want  the  bloom  of  the  north,  but  have 
an  engaging  ibftnefs  and  dcKcacy  in  tlieir  appearancp. 
and  manners,  and  many  of  them  po^fs  the  polite  <nd 
tlegant  accomplifhments. 

Military  Strength.^  The  militia  of  this  ftatc  in  179 1 
amounted  to  24,435,  of  which  750  were  in  the  city  of 
Charleflom  H 

Commsrci.J  The  amount  of  exports  from  the  port  of 
Charlefton,  in  the  year  ending  Nov.    1 787,  was  then  ef- 
timated  from  authenticfc  documents,  at /'5o5,«  79  19  c 
ilerling  money.  The  number  of  veflels  cleared  from  the 
cuftom  houfe  theikme  year  was  947,  meafuring  62,1 18 
tons  ;  .735  of  thefe  meafuring  41,531  tons  were  Ameri- 
wn  }  the  others  belonged  to   Great  Britain,  Spain, ' 
France,  the  United  Netherlands,  and  Ireland. 
,  The  pincipd  articles  exported  from  this  ftate,  are 
rice,  indigxy,  tobacco^  fkins  of  various  kinds,  beef,porkr 
cotton,  pitchv tar,  rofin,  turpentioe*  myrtle  wax,  lumberr 
naval  (Vores,  cork, leather,  pink  root,  fnafccroot,  ginfeng^ 
&c.     In  the  moft  facceisful  feafons,  there  have  been  as 
many  as  140,000  barrels  of  rice,  1,300,000  pounds  of 
indigo,  exported  in  a  year.     From  the  15th  of  Decern^ 
her,  1791,  to  September,  1792,  108^567  tierces  of  rice, 
averaging  5501b.  net  weight  each,  were  exported  froi» 
Charlefton^  In  the  year  ending  September  30, 1 791,  ex- 
clufive  of  two  quarters  for  which  no  returns  were  made, 
the  amount  of  exports  from  this  ftate  was  i,866,o2;r 
dollars.     In  the  year  ending  September  20,  1 795,.  th^ 
Talire  ©f  experts  from  this  ftate  was  5,998,491  dollars, 
49  ceutsv     In  1 8® 4 ,  I4,304,045r  dollars. 

Hijh>ry,'\  During  the  vigorous  conteft  for  independ- 
ence, this  ftate  was  a  great  futterer.  For  three  yctrs 
it  was  the  feat  of  war.  It  feels  and  laments  the  lofs  of 
mukj  rcfpcdaWc  citi^emf    3«ice  the  peace  it  has  befo 


GEORGIA. 


949 


ewierR.ng  from  that  melancholy  conftifion  and  poverty, 
in  which  .tWH.  generally  involved  by  che  dcviiUtio^ 
of :»  relcntlefs  enemy.  The  in'  4  Itams  n-e  fall  mult^ 
ply  iig  by  immigrations  from  the  other  aatcs— the  airri- 
cuiturahntcreas  of  tl,e  rt.te  are  reviviag-commTc 
«  flouriflvmg-economy  is  becoming  more  fa(h.onabIe 
--and  fcience  begins  to  fp.  ,.id  her  falutary  iiiHuenccs 
among  the  rauens.  And  under  the  operation  of  the 
prdenr  government  this  (late  fro.n  hernatural.com! 
mcrcial  and  agncu  huraFadvantage^  -  d  the  abilities  of 

rt;^  ti^S!"'  ''^'-      --^«,e  ofthe 

See  Rimfay's  Hi.t.  RevnJ.  in  S.   C^ro  na.   Hift.  of 

«eograph;-       '°'^^^       "•^"^'  *  '  ^^^  ^'"^^^  ^^^^ 


jl 


Miles 


GEORGIA.     . 

SITUATrON  AND  iXTKl0^ 


...* 


iircautn  250 J   ^^ J  3^|0  and  55°  N  lat. 


B°  ™°^-  -    i.by  U>e  Ad,„,.,fc 


Boundanes.']     m-^  _  -  —  »  -/  ^i,^  ^xu^mucK 

T71    •  I  «    -"^  Ucean  ;  fouth,    by  caft  and  wef> 

Florida  ;  weft    by  the    JViiffifippi  Terri^rJ  •     «o7th 
eaft  by  South.  Car oH;,a.  ^^^^^^t     north- 

Chil  Dhifnns  and  Population  J  That  "part  of  the 
H;^r?^f  has  been  laid  out.  is  divided  iL  two  cHf! 
t.  u^s,  f/;y^.r  and  ^.av.r,  wliicla  are  fubdivided  into  the 
following  24  c(umties,  viz.  •  *^ 


Wi;i<8 

Lincoln 
Orctn 

i^ithniund 
J'-ckfou 

Jcffcrrm 


Wat 


fig;  on 


^k).  iivh. 

10,76/ 

.  1 5^,780 

J47.1 
7,7J6 

»,07j 

5684 

!0 


SIavc8, 
i,oo8' 
».4J.1 
3.6  j  7 
3.o8<^ 

I  4Q0 

76Z 

l/'4* 


I       Cmuitieg. 
IJbtrty 
Maclciiuofli 
Camden 
Hincock 
Montgomery 
Ilurke 
Chatham 
Elbert 


rcn 


FrankI 


in 


-,vO     a,66S     !     Giynn 

\iV>     «,Oi8     ;     Bullock 

6  8i9       959     ,     Scrivcn 


Ko.  fnh. 

5;U3 
2,660 
J,68i 

14,456 
3,i8o  - 
9506 

1^,946 


1,874 

»9«3       369 


Slaves. 
1,819 

4,8.^5 
43  J 

3,967 

9.C49 

,OpZ 


3,836     »,>g6     I     ColuntWa  g 


U^i^        766 


>345     3,ocS 


Total     162,686  59,69^ 


»$0 


^EdRGfAv 


FaciofttieConntry.']     See  South  Carolina.      ■ 

Rivcrt  ]  Savannah  river,  divides  this  ftate  froTrt' 
South-CaroKn»»  Its  tourfe  is  nearly  from  northweft  to 
fbutheaf^.  It  is  formed  principally  of  two  branchesby  the 
names  of  Tugulo  and  Keowee,  which  fpring  from  the 
mounuins  Itis  navigabte  for  large  veffcls  up  to  Sa* 
vannah>  and  for  boats  of  loo  feet  lteel>  as  fkr  as  Augufta^ 

Ogechee  river,  about  1 8'  miles  foiith  of  the  Savannah,  ti 
a  fmaller  ri?er,  and  nearly  parallel  with  it  in  its  courfc. 

Alatam^a,  about  60  miles  ftuth-  of  SavanaH  river,  has 
ks  fourceift^hc  Cherokee  moantains,  near  the  head  of  Tu-^ 
gulo  ;  thence  it  defcends  through  the  hilly  country  with  ail 
its  colFateral- branches,  and  winds  rapidly  among  the  hills 
250  miles,  affd  then  enters  the  flat  plain  country,  by  the 
name  of  theOakmulge  ;  thence  meandering  150  miles,  it 
fa  joined  on-the  eaft  fide  by  the  Oconc,  which  likewife 
f leaas  in  the  lower  ridges  of  the  mountains.  After  this  con- 
^  fluence,  having  now  gained  a  vad  acquifition  of  water,  ie 
aflumes  the  riarfte  of  ^Wmaha,  whtn  it  becomes  a  large 
WftjelHck  river,  lapwing  with  gentle  windings  through  a  vaft 
ylain  foreftj  tttmf  100  railesj  and  enters  the  Atlantick  by 
Icveral  mouths. 

Bdides  thefe  there  is  Turtl*  river,  Little  Sitilla  oy  St. 

Ille,  Great  Sitilla,  Crook  i  river,  and  St.  Mary's,  which 

form  a^  part  of  the  fouthern  boundary  of  the  United  States. 

St.  Mary's  river  has  its  fource  from  a  vaft  Jake,  or  rather 

SiaHJi,  called  Ouaquaphenogaw,  and  flows  through  a  vafl 

J>lain  and  pine  foreft,  about  150^  miles  to  the  ocean,  with 

':which  it  communicates  between  the  points  of  Amelia  and 

'Talbert's  iflkncls,  lat.  30*  44^  and  is  navigable  for  veflels 

of  confiderable  burthen  for  90  miles.     Its  banks  afford  ini- 

nienfe  <fuantitie«  of  fine  timber^  fuited  to  the  Weft- India 

market. 

Lakes  ah'  Stimmpi.']  The  lake,  or  rather  marfh,  called 
Ouaquaphenogaw,  lies  between  Flint  and  Oakmulge  riversj 
and  is  nearly  300  miles  in  circumference.  In  wetfeafons 
it  appears  Uk-e  an  iiiland  fea^  and  has  feveral  large  iflands 
of  rich  iai^  ;  ore  of  which  the  prefent  generation  of 
Creek  Indians  reprefent  as  the  moft  blifsful  fpot  on  earth; 

I^nPTf    la«r      II'     IC       !nUnkl.<.J.   U..        -      ~-^..II^^ -C      T-J! 

\vhofe  women  are  incomparably  beautiful.  They  tell  you 
a'fo  that  this  terreftrial  paradife  has,  been  feen  by  fomc  on- 
terprifirg  hunters,  when  <n  purfuit  of  their  game,  who,  be- 
ing loft  in  inextricable  fwamps  and  bogs,  and  on  the  point 


GEORGIA. 


251 


atie  from 
thweft  to 
liesby  the 
from  the 

to    S». 

Augufhi 
vannah,  is 
courfe. 
river,  has 
td  of  Tu-*' 
y  with  all 
>  the  hills 
ft  by  the 
3  miles,  it 
li  likewife 
r  this  coo- 
'  water,  ie 
cs  a  large 
igh  a  vaft 
antick  by 

ilia  or  St. 

'%  which 
ed  States, 
or  rather 
igh  a  vad 
ean,  with 
fnelta  and 
t)r  vefleis 
ifford  m- 
^eft- India 

fh,  called 
ge  rix^ersi 
et  feafons 
je  i Hands 
ration  of 
on  earth; 

irsdiHuS}, 

y  tell  you 
fonic  en- 
who,  be- 
tJie  point 


K>f  penfliing,  were  uncxpedledly  relieved  by  a  f.ompany  <>£ 
beautiful  women,  whom  they  call  daug/jtert  af  the  fun,  who 
kitdly  gave  them  fuch  provitions  as  they  Jhad  with  them, 
conhftmg  of  fruit  and  corn  cakes,  and  then  enjoined 
them  to  fly  for  fafety  to  their  own  country^  becaufc 
thtir  hulbands.  were  fierce  men  and  cruel  to  ftrangers. 
They  further  fay  that  the  hunters  had  a  view  of  their  fc*. 
tlements,  fituated  on  the  elevated  banks  of  an  iiland,  \u  a 
beautiful  lake  ;  but  that  in  their  endeavours  to  approach  it, 
they  were  involved  in  perpetual  labyrinths,  and  like  ca. 
chanted  land,  ilill  as  they  imagined  they  had  ju<l  gained 
11.  It  Teemed  to  fly  before  them.  They  determir  d  at 
length  to  quit  the  delufive  purfuit,  and  with  much  difficul- 
ty efteaed  a  rttreat.  When  they  leporied  their  adveo- 
tures  to  their  countrymen,  the  young  warriors  were  ioflam- 
edwith  an  irrefiftible  defire  to  invade  andconquerfo  charm- 
ing a  country,  but  all  rlieir  attempts  had  hitherto  proved 
ftuitleisf  they  never  being  able  again  to  find  the  fpot. 
1  hey  tell  another  ftory  concernin^this  fequeftercd  coun- 
try, which  feems  not  improbable  1  which  is,  that  the  in- 
habitants are  the  pofteriry  of  a  fugitive  remnant  of  the  an- 
cient  Vamafes,  who  efcaping  malTacre,  after  a  bloody 
ana  decilive  battle  between  ti.em  and  the  Creeks,  (who,  it 
js  certairj,  conquered,  and  nearly  exterminated  that  once 
powerful  people,)  here  found  an  afyium,  remote  and  fecurc 
from  the  fury  of  their  proud  conquerors. 

Chief  To-rvns.y  The  late  feat  of  government  in  this 
Uate  was  Augufta.  This  city  is  fituated  on  the  fouth-wcfl 
bank  of  Savannah  rivex  which  is  here  about  500  yards 
wade,  about  144  miles  from  the  fea,  and  127  northwtft 
ofSavajinah.     It  has  i2 15  inhabitants. 

■Savannah,  the  former  capital  of  Georgia,  Hands  00  a 
high  fandy  bluflf,  on  the  fouth  lide  of  Savannah  river, 
and  17  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  regularly  built  in  the 
torm  of  a  parallelogram,  and  has  5 146  inhabitants. 

bunbury  is  a  fmall  fea  port  town,  40  miles  foathward  0^ 
i>avannah,  and  has  a  fafe  and  convenient  harbour. 

Druniwick  in  Glynn  county,  lat  31°  10',  is  fituated  ai 
ine  mouth  of  Tuitle  river,  at  which  place  this  river  emn- 
im  meli  Mito  St.  Simon's  Sound.  Bruofwick  has  a  fafe 
and  capacious  harbour  j  and  the  bar  at  the  entrance  into  it 
lias  water  deep  enough  for  the  largett  veflel  that  fwims. 

^redenca,  on  the  ifland  of  St    Simon,  is  nearly  in  lat. 
3»    ij  .    It  is  the  firft  t«wn  that  w«  builfr  iit  C^orgif, 


r. 


^252 


ceorgia: 


And  was  founded  by  GeocTal  0£lethoT^>e.  The  town  cw. 
>  tains  but  7  2  tnhabHants  in  a  few  houfes,  which  ftand  on  aa 
eminence,  .f  cnfidered  with  regard  to  the  niarfhes  bafoie  it. 
upon  a  bunch  of  A\|a,amaha  river,  which  wa/hes  the  weft 
fide  of  this  agreeable  ifland,  and  forms  a  bay  before  the 
j.own,  affording  a  fafe  and  fecure  harbour  for  veflels  of  the 
Jargf  ft  burthen,  which  m^iy  lie  along  the  wharf 

Wa/hington,  the  chief  town  in  tlw-  county  of  Wiike«..  is 
fituated  m  lat.  33^  22^  about  50  ir^iles  north  weft  of  Au- 
gjlta.  It  had,  in  1 788,  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  34  dwelling- 
ho«fe8,and  an  academy  whofe  funds  amounted  to  about  800I 
IterJ.ng,  and  the  nun.ber  of  fbdents  to  between  60  and  70, 
J  he  town  of  Louifville,  which  is  the  prefent  feat  of  oov- 
«rnment  m  this  ftate,  has  been  laid  out   and  built  on  the 

o  ./    n^  ,    "  "^er,  about  70  miles  from  its  mouth. 
^  So:/,  Produjiions,  t^c']    The  foil  and  its  fertility  are  va- 
nous,  accordthg  to  frtuation    and  different  imnrovement. 
The  iflands  on  jhe  fta  board,  in  their  natural  ftate,  are  cot- 
ered  wrth  a  plentiful  growth  of]pine,  o«k.  h.ckory,  Jive  oak, 
(an  uncommonly  hard  and  very  valuable  wood)  and  fome 
red  cedar      The  foil  is  a  mixture  of  fand  and  black  mould, 
/  making  what's  commonly  called  a  grey  Ibil.     The  principal 
iflai.ds  are  Skidaway,   Waffaw,  Oflabaw.  St  Catherine's. 
Xu     ^!f*^"""  J^-'M.   Cumberland  and  Amelia. 
1  he  foil  of  the^main  land,  adjoining  the  marfhes  and 
creeks,  IS  nearly  of  the  fame  quality  with  that  of  the  ill- 
ands  J  except  that  whi<;h  borders  on  thofe  rivers  and  creeks 
which  ftrelch  far  back  into  the  country.     On  ihefe,  imme- 
diately  after  you   leave  the    falts,  begin   the  valuable  rice 
Iwamps,  which,.^n  cultivation,  afford  the  prefent  princip^ 
Itaple  of  comn>erce.  ^  . 

The  foil  between  the  rivers,  after  jipu  leave  the  fca  board 
and  the  edge  of  the  fwamps,  at  the  diftance  of  20  or  ao 
miles,  changes  from  a  grey  to  a  red  colour,  on  which  grow 
plenty  of  oak  and  hickory,  with  a  confiderable  intermixture 
Otpine.     To    this    kind  of  land  fucceeds  by  turns,  a  foil 
nearly  black,  and  very  rich,  on  which  grow  large  quantities 
of  black  walnut,  mulberry,  &c      In  this  ftate  are  pioduced, 
by  culture,  nee,  indigo,  cotton,  filk  (though  not  in  large 
|uant.ties) Indian  coin, potatoes,  oranges, fifts.pomecranates. 
&c.     Kice,  at  prelem,    is  the  ftaple  commodity  ;  and  as  a 
Imall  proportion  only  of  the   rice  ground  is  under  cultiva- 
tion,  the   quantity  of  ric<;  in  future  muft  be  much  greater 
ihao  at  prefent.  ^ 


GEORGIA. 
t«<l.  and  Jfo  u,e  Ma  riant  „T,i* J'J""  "*«"  "Mfplan. 

Cjwwrro,,  Man„faa„ri,  Zd  T^"?  °^  America 

1  Iw  amount  or  £,po„,  j!  /°°  '"^^''-  ""d  fome  „,o,f 
3«h,  179.,  w„        l""' ^"  •'■«  year  e„di„g  &>     "'°'«: 

^e™ed  expo„s  t?et,^;.td  Weft  .'?""■'""''- ""- 
*'"">  venous  articles  of  rut  ^  '"d'"  goods,  teas, 
tods-fron,  the  no.d,e°„  t  ^"^;  "?'' ''■•y  foods  of  aU 
Pl«.  cider  and  ftoei     The  r„',^'"?'^'  ''*•  P'-'^'oe"  1 

»'i.en  raked  till  i,'";  fe^r  .'"\^'  '^^y  n«llo;,  al] 


'i-™-"  into  'ti>;:„'?!'' '!•'  ■-?  rs 


»^'e  mark 


uare 


A»idP"'y  ''-=co"',;r' "'"""""  ^- 


common] 
acres 


picves,  which 
P"^  "1>  in  ca/ks  fbP 


!»  IS   J 


ico  poimds 


.^5+ 


<3J^QRG1A. 


Charaaer  and  Manners.']  ^  No  general,  charaftcr^^wpi 
apply  to  the  inbabitants  at  larjce:  CoIlc6ted  from  difFercnt 
parts  of  the   world,  as  imeTeft^  neceffity  or  inclination  1^ 

'  them,  their  character  an4^  manners  muft  ofxpurfe,  partake 
of  all  the  varieties  which  diiiinguifti  the  feVeiijil  ftates  and 

.  kingdoms  from  whence  they  qamc.  T^^ere  is  fo  little  xmi- 
formity.  that  it, is  difficult  to  trace  any  governing  principle 
among  them,  ftn  aversion  to  labour  is  top  piredominant« 
owing  in  part  %o  the  relaxing  heat  of^he  climate|,  and  part- 
ly to  the  want  of  neceflity  K)  excite  ^nduilry.  ..^n  op^n 
and  friendly  hofpitality,  particularly  to  flrangers,  is  an  or- 
namental chara^erifticic  of  a  great  part  of  ♦liis  people. 
Religion.']      Fhe  inhabitants,  of  Uiisilate,  who  profi^fs 

,  the  Chriftian  reUgion,  are  of  the  prcftjyterian,  Epifcopalian, 

*  Baptift,  and   Methodift,  denominations.     They  have,  but 

,  few  regular  niimft;er8  among  them. 

Cenjlitution.]  The  prefent  conftitution  of  this  ftate 
was  formed  and  eibblifhed  in vthe  year  1789,  and  is  near- 
Jy  upon,  the  plan  of  the  conftitut^on  of  the  United  States. 

StaUof^Literatun:.']  The  Uterature  of  this  ftate,  which 
is  yet  in  Jts  infancy,  is  , commencing  on  a  plan  which  af- 
fords the  moft  flattering  profpedls.     l^be  charter  contaip- 

"  hg  their  prefent  fyftem  of  ei^ucation,  was  paffed  in  the 
year  1785  .-^college,  with  ample  ud  liberal  endow- 
ments, is  inftituted  and  organized  a%  Louifville,  a  high  and 
healthy  part  of  the  country  near  the  centre  of  the  ftaie. 
There  is  alfo  provifion  made  for  the  inftitution  of  an  acad- 
emy in  each  county  in  the  ftate  to  be  fupported  froj^  the 
fame  inftitution.  under  the  general  fuperintendcnce  and  di- 

.  f.  tijn  of  a  prcfident  and  >oard,of  truftees,  apppinted  for 

'  their  literary  accompliftiments,  from  the  different  p^rts  of 
the  ftate,  inv^fted  with  the  cuftomary  powers  of  corpora- 
tions.    The    inftitution   thus    coro^vJfed,  is  denominated 

i  <-:  i  he  Uiiiverfity  of  Georgia." 

That  this  body  of  literati,  to  \yhom  is  entrufted  the  di- 
reftion  ofthe  general  literature  of  the  ftate,  may  not  be  fo 
detached  and  independe'nt,  as  not  to  polfefsthe  confidence 
ef  the  ftate  ;  and  in  order  to  fecurc  the  attention  and  pa- 
tronane  of  the  principal  officers  of  government,  the  gover- 
nonr  and  council,  the  fpeaker  of  the  houfe  of  affembly,  and 
the  chief  juftice  of  the' ftate,  are  afFoci^ted  with  the  hoard 
of  truftees,  in  fume  of  the  great  and.moje  foiemn  duties  oi 
th?ir  office  j  fuch  as  making  the  Uws^  appointing  the  preU- 


ci:bR6*4i.' 


^s$ 


dfeni,  retthng  the  property  and  inftitutlng  academiei.  Tbu§ 
aflociated  they  are  denominiiied  •♦  The  Senate  of  the  VnU 
vcrfity,  and  are  to  hold  a  (Uted  annual  peetlne,  at  wu "  h 
the  governour  of  the  rtate  prefidei. 

The  fenatc    appoint  a  board  of  commiffioncr,s  in  each 
county,  for  the  particular  management  and  direaion  of  the 
awdenay,  and  other  fchools  in  each  county,  who  are  to  re- 
ciive  tbcir  inarudtions  from,   and  are  accountable  to  the 
fenate.      The  reftor  of  each  academy  is  an  officer  of  the 
>imver%,to  be  appointed  by  the  prefident.  with  the  4d- 
tice  of  the  tiudeesi    and  commiffion*d  under  tiie  publick 
feaJrand  IS  to  attend  with  the  other  officers,  attheannwaf' 
njeetmgdf  thefenate,  to  deliberale  on  the  general  interefts' 
othterature,  and   to  determine,  on  the  courfe  of  ioftruition 
.tor  the  year,  throughout  the  univerfity.     The  prefident  h?^ 
^e,  general  charge  and  ove^fight  of  the  v/holc.  and  fronJ 
time  to  time  to  vifit  them,  to  examine  i«to  their  order  and 

.  ,P.*^^?"*'^^^*  fuppoTt  rfthis  ifimtution  ar<t  pripci. 
pally  in  laods,-amounting  in  the  wholi  to  about  iifty  thou-- 
Jaodacies,  agreat  pm  of  which  isofthrbeft  quality,  and 
lT/Tr^-'tL"*^^'V  \^'''   '^^e  »iro  fi2    thoufand^ 

^fAugufta.     Other  pub^iclt    property  to  the  amount  of 
lOQoA  in  each  county,  has   been  fet  apart  for  the  furpofes 
<tf  Uwiding  an^furnifiiing  their  refpeaive  acade».iies. 
«i;i^r       '^    The  Muikogee  or  Creek  Indian?  inhabit  th€' 
middle  part  of  this  ftare,  and  are  thembft  numeroas  trihe^ 
oflndians  of  any  within  thrtimits  of  the  United  States. 
Their  wholernumber  according  to  a  late  account,  is  ac  or 
20,000  foulf,  ofwhora  between  5  and  6;ooo  are-gun  mtn. 
They  area  well  made,  expert,  hardy,  fagacious,  politfclc • 

feople,  extremjiy  jeaUs'of theirTrght»,.afld  a^rfeto  part, 
ing  with  their  lands.  y^m.^ 

They  have  abundance  of  tame  catAe'  arid  fWlrie,  cdrk<v9^. 
■   eucks,  and  r^er  poultry  J  they  cultivate  tobacco.  rice.TiS ' 
d  an  cor  J,  potatoes,  beans.peas.  cfibbage,  melons,  and  have 
fruit?  ^Lf  "*=*^"',  Pl^s.  grapes,  ftrawberrids,  and  other 

'  &•  u^^Ti"*  ^*"K"'  friends,  but  ir^veterate  enemies  • 
hofpitaWe  to  (Iranjrers:  and  KnnP^  :.„^  ro':. :«  .u.!_  "j..:  > 
Nn  nn^.-^^    I.         '^'      '  7.~. "'• '"  5-"^iracaHn£S. 

wo  jiation  has  a  more  coRtemptible  opinion   of  the  whhc 
wen's  fairfim  .general,    than  thefe  j^eople  ,  yet  they  pla-e 
rjat confidence  in  the  United  8tU  aidw^S ^.^ 
With  them  upon  a  Eerman<int  boi^darx,  over  which   the 


^ 


'  GEORGIA. 


I(>ttthern  ftates  (hall  not  trefpafs.    They  are  fettled  iV  a» 
♦»*My,  but  not  mouotatoovt.  country.     The  foil  ii  fhviiftil  sk 
»  high  degree,  and  well  watered,  abounding  in  creeks  s^d* 
mulcts,  from  whcrce  they  are  c;d)ed  the  Creek  Indisus. 

^      The  Cho£law8^  or  Fat  rleads;infoabit  a  verj/  line  a«<l  ex* 
tenfive  traa  of  iiilly  country,  with  large  and  fertile  p'n-ins 
intervening,  between  the  Alabama  and  Milfifijjpl  rtfers,  in  • 
th»  weftern  part  of  this  ftkte.     This  natit^i*  had,  not  mjiny 
^  years  agoi  45  towns  and^  villages,  in  three  di^f^iionsr,  coft«- 

*:iBiaSn^  12,123  fouls,  of  which  4,041  were  ''glning  mn: 

,  The  Chickafaws  arc  fettled  at  the  head'branche^r  of  the 
Tombcckb'^ ,  Mobik  and  Yazoo  rivers,  in  tk*.  litOirthweff 
0orneroftj.i  te.  They  have  ftveo  town^  tkt  central^ 
tne  of  which  J^  it  *jitiiud«  ^4®  23',  and  longitude  14'  30' 
%ei{,  Jrom  Fhl  ^  dphijfe  The  number  of  fouls  in  this  na» 
tionhavti  ')eea  f^iinctfly  ^"eekoned  aM7,25,  of  wkidi  57555 

■ ''were  %hting  men.-  '    ' 

Hifioty,']  The  fettlement'of  a  eofbny  Between  the  riversT' 
Savannah  and  Alatamaha,  was  viditited  in  Engkind  ia< 
'i73J»fc»rtfae^tcccmodaeionQf  poor  people  in  Great>Brii*>- 
aSnaiid  iirelaiid^  and  for  the  farther  fecurity  of  Carolina* 
Private  cempcffion  ahd  ptMlch  fpnrit  confpired  to  proraloto; 
the  benevolent  defign*     Humane  and  opulent  men  fuggeft- 
«d  a  plan  for  traa/porting  a  ntunber  of  indigent  families  to 
this  part  of  Ainorica^  ^eof  expenft.     For  tifb  purpofe 
they  appI!tdto    King  Geoxg*  IL  ^nd^  obtained  froai  hin: 
fetters  patent,  bearing' date  June    9th,  173a,  for  legally 
tarrjiog  into  execution  what  tfey  had  generoufly  projeAed. 
They  ciilcd  the  new  province  G«ORGUtia<hoooar  ofthe; 
£in|;  who  encouraged  the  plan. 

During  the  late  war^  Georgia  was  ovcmm  by  the  Brit- 
i(h  trocps^  and  the  inhabitants  were  obliged  to  fl^ee  into  the 
neighbouring  ftates  for  i^fety.  The  fuferings  and  lolTes  of 
her  citizens  were  as  great,  in  proportion  to  their  numbers 
and  wealth,  as  in  any  of  the  fvates.  Since  the  peace^  the 
progre(s  of  the  population  of  this  ftate  has  'm.a  rapic:  1x9 
growth  in  improvement  and  population  has  been  rhecked 
by  the  hoftile  irrupt ':';<t  of  the  Creek  Indians,  v  '-'Cfl  have 

'  '      '  tfthabi- 


b^en  frequent  and  \.iy  diftrefling  to  the  Jro 
-tastSs.    Trs**!** -hayff  bees  held 


/•n/fu  f  i  Av^ 


audit  ise3fc\H;^-  ^i?hafc 


ties  agreed  to  between  the  parties 
ft  permanent  peace  will  (bon  be  concluded,  and  tran niiiity 
reflored  to  the  (late.  See  Hewett's  Hift.  S*  Carer  ?r«;ji4 
Georgia,  and  Anicr.  Odit.  Geogg 


MieSISll^PI  TERIHTbRy.- 


H2^' 


MISSfSIPPI  TERRITORY., 

Tr^LlX'''*''*^'^.^®'*!^'*?*"^^  'M  wertera  part  o^f 
1.^1^  S^2?  '•  *"*!•"  ^"^cd  north,  by  TennefTce  j  weft 
by  tifcfr  MiffiiTppA ,    fouth  by  Weft.FJorida.    The  Creek! 

fideraWe  portion  of  this  country.  .  •        wii 

nivi/lonsa»J^Poptaafion.2    Thts  Territory  is  dmde* - 
mto  three  coamlesiyii  .  /  »  hiwuc* 


Count  ic>. 

Wafliirtgtoa^' 
Piclccting .; 
Adaml*;-^ 


NdvlnHab.  in  iS&Qtar^ 
2156 

2940    -         ■  '■'  • 
,    4660  ' 

8850  of  whom  34g§.< 

-  J^n.r  Pekrf  W,r  rife,  ip  the  Ch»aarcotZ.  ,„d  : 
.f  navigabte  upwards  of  ,,0  mil,,,    ft  h^7Te7wiwr 
>.M*mrance,   and  d«pw«er  afterwards.     ftgaZL 

*h,*,tog«herocc.,pyafp.ce  of  three  or  W  Ale,"  wS 
»<m  co«iM^d  bed  of  oyte  fliells,  with  veryS  1«^ 

cw^:  IS:"" '"  "■'""■^•^  ^  ^^^  - 

.  ■  l^}'"^'  """h?  ''■^th  of  the  Mobife  ri,e,  are  am 
l^ti^ri^r'^"'  upwards,  ths  .a,d  g  o".  %S: 

wtrs  ot  a  nroll  cxeellent  quality.  Secondly,  what' are  calU 
JH  by  the  pwt-l^  of  ,he  country,  fecond  fmri^^I  or- 
fc^  flat  «„e  ands,  about  four  o,  fivefeet  highe^tton  the 
the  tow_ric«  tenuis.     And,  thirdJy,  the  hi»h  iinZj  „!  ' 
;.peo  country.     The  fitff  0  l<iySkTx.3  ife^  "a-h^r 


.4: 


34ir'lS2^'*'"?Jyr*«'™'**'««Surnt*^ 


a5& 


MISSISIPPI  TERRITORK 


Bud  or  flimei  which  have  in  a  fucce/Eonof  tifue  beea  atf4- 
cumulaled  by  overflowings  of  the  river. 

The  iecood  law  grounds  being,  in  general,  formed  by  a  - 
regular  riHng  of  about  4  or  5  feet  higher  than  the  low  lands^ 
appear  to  have  been  originally  the  edge  of  the  river.  This 
fecond  clafs  or  kind  of  land  is  in  general  extremely  rich  ■ 
aud  covered  with  large  timber  and  Uiick  ftrong  canes,  ex- 
iRcnding  in  width  upon  an  average  three  qaarters  of  a  mile 
and  ill  general  a  perfed  level.  It  is  excellent  for  all  kinds 
of  graiA  aod  well  calculated  fdr  the  culture  of  indigo,  heropr 
'  ftiix».oi;tobaccQ.» 

At  the  extremtty  of  theie  (Vcond ^ounds^  jroo  come-ta* 
what  is  called  the  high,  or  uplands,  which  is  covered  with 
pine,  oak;^,apdhickory,  and  other  kinds  of  large  timber.. 
The  foil  is  of^  a  good  quality,  but  much  inferionr  to  the 
iecondor  low  land.     It-anfwers  weU.  for  raiftng  Indiao. 
corn,  potatoes  and  every  thing  elfe  that  delights  in  a  dry 
ii^il.!    Further  out  in  the  country  again,  on  the  weft  fide  of 
'   this  river,  you  come  to  a  pine  barren,  with  extenfive  reed-; 
rwam|M[>afKl  natural  meadows  orfavannas,  which  afford  e^  • 
ciellent  ;nmjges  fisr . iivatiinerable' herds  of  caftb.. 

Thie  .ElqUnbia  it  the  moft  confidence  river  that  falliM 
u|to  the^  Bay  of  Pen£icbla.,    This  river  has'a  very  wild- 
ing courfe.;    Th(i   lands  in  general,   on  inch  fide  of  the 
river  are  rich  low  or  fwunp,  admirably  adapted  to  the  cul«>- 
tiire  of  rtc?  ot  coft*. 

.  The  Chatta  Hatcha  or  Fea  river,  which  alfd,hta<)lk  iiTn 
the  MiiEfippi  Territory,  empties  from  the  portheaft  into  ^ 
'  Roffi  bay. ,  Mr.  Hutchins  afcended  this  riv.cr  about  75  ^ 
miles,  and  fouQd  that,  its  banks  very  mueh  reie^nhled  i 
thofe  of  Efcambi?,.,  r^i  - 

The  northern  parts  of  this  territory  are  watered  i)^  t)ie  ^ 
Tfenn^<^6,:  which  has  a  circuitous  couife  of  many  roijes  ; 
through  the  northern  part,  of  Georgia,  ai^ci, the  Hiwa^e:: 
and  .Qiiccamauga   riveisi   which  fail  ipu>t  the  Teonefieev 
irom  the  fouth-.ea^>. 
"      ^oil^  ffodu^ioni  tfiu/  Climatt,'^    The  Teal : of  this  coim*  - 
/■ityr  p9ili^Mx,what  has  be^n  cjied  the  JV^/c/^  country, , 
J,  t$  repfe(ei(K«d,a^  f^peKiour'tp  any  ef  the  lands  on  the,  bof  dery  ^ 
'  *jf!  the  Mi^lippi  nyf^yi^  the  prodiiiStiipi^.pf  manj;a^tii^fs. 
/ 1^  fituationbcmgh^^er,  affords  a  greater  variety  eifM^. 
'  dQd  ii  in  a  more  favQur'alp^k  (:li^te  for  the  growth  of  wheat, 
*"*    \mht%  ©iMS^Stc.  iB«i:J&  ROu©try  lower  doWi^'afld^ 


Missrsii^pr  TElftlTOlirr 


^sh 


uzttv  to  the  fea.     The  foif  alfo  produces,  in  equal  abu»» 
4ttncc,  Indiai^cori,  rice,  hemp^flajfc^  indigo,  cotton,  pot- 
Hferbs.pulfc  of  every  kin^,  and  pafturage  ;  and  the  tob»cc(y^ 
madelwrc  lacfteeroed  preferable  to-  any  cttltivatcd  in  other. 
PfBtrof  Atneiica.     Hop*  grow  wild  ;  all  kindt  of  Euro- 
peaR  fPuiis  arrive  to-  great,  pcffeflion,  and  no  part  ofthe 

known^wordit^niott,  favourable  for  the  raifing  of  every 
lundof  (lock.    The.  crimat<ri»htalthy  and  temperate  s 
thexouotrYdeLgbtful  and.  Well -watered  ;  and  the  profpeft 
«  beauuful  and  exienfive.  variegated  by  ma«y  iaequalitiet 
and  fine  meadows,  feparatedby  innumerable  confei,  the 
trees  of  which  are  of  diffecBt  kinds,  but  moftly  oi  walnut ' 
and  oak*.  The  rifmg  grounds  which  are  clothed  with  orifs 
and  other  herbs  of  the  fineft  verdure,  are  prowrly  difpofed-  ^ 
for  the  culture  of  vines  f4he  mulberry  trees  are  very  au- 
merous.  and  the  winters-  fufficlently  moderate  for  the  breeds 
offilkworms-o    Clay-.of.difrerent.colour8  fit  for  glaft  works 
and  fWry.  is  found  here  in  great  abmM^hce  ;  and  alia, 
airaricty  of  ftately  timber  fit  for  houfe  and  (hip  building.  &c. 
Tho  elevated,' open  and  jury  fituj^ion  of  this  country  fin- 
ders it  Ie(k  liable  to  fevers  and    ague;i(the   only  diiorder*^ 
everknawnm  its  neighbourhood)  than  fome  other  parts  - 
borderhig  on  the.MiMppi,  where  th*  want  of  fufficient- 
dercent  to  convey,  the  waters  off,  oc<^fions  numbers  of^ 
Itagnant  pondsi  whoft  exhaJatioos  infe<a  the  air. 

Chie/Tonvm.^^    Natcbes,  on th*  eaftbank  ofthe  Miffi-?- 
fippi, » the  capital  bf  this  territory,  and  including  St.  Cath-  - 
erme  8,  contains.  1656  inhabitants  5  of  ihefe  833  arc  flaves. 
Jefteifon,  in  Waftungton  county,  contains  43,7  inhaoitantj. , 
&hamb«rgh  and  Steel,  in  this  county,  are  equally  populous. 
Cole^s  Creek,  andBaic  Pairr^^inihecounV  WiXrf^^ 
and  Saudy  and  Second  Creek$  and  Homo  Chitttn »«)  Ad!- 
am  s  couo^are  the  beft  fettleii  parts  of  this   new  country. 
Ji{flj>ry  nnd.Government.^  ,  Ofthe.  Tirritory  now  <le. 

'^^\  '^^  ^•'•o^'Georgijr.by  aft  of  their  Icgiflature.- 
pafleg  January  7th»  1795?,  fold  ab6uta  2,000,000  of  acre*, 
to  four  diiRjrent  companies..  Thefe  lahd»  have  been  fold  i 
g^*P"S??alpwchafers,  chiefly  in  th6iniddle  and  eaOern^ 

,  :     ^  '--/.   •!•   Swv    ?Ta«,vSvM«U  iU(U  P    GUCUICC   fiO¥« -* 


tS^ 


Uduisiana; 


"li'.. 


X)v,, 


ISIANA. 

1  ■  *  ■ 

BouMiiARiBt  AND  Extent, 


V'  -;  % 


TH^  botmdami  of  Louifiana  are  not  fettled  ;  Its W 
tent  of 'courfe  cannot  be  afrerta'ned.     It  is  e^ima* 
ttfd,  however,  to  contai*  nf ;  ' i /  ;*  iiii«in>4ii*qi'.re  mlltt. 
It  haS'  th*  Miffifippi  river  ealVCanada  nowb,  Unknown 
"  teumries  walVand  th«»Gulf  of  Mexico  fouth.« 

Divijtons']     LouHTana  may-  naturally  be  divided  into 
^i( ;t  grahd  dlvilionv  ▼iz^  Eafi/frn,  Leiviri  and  l/p^er 
:  LoUifidna.'  '  .  '  \;-- ' '  ,..,  *     :'::..  >•*■',;    ".V   .        ..  ,•- 

'fhe.  -ffa/f^T^'diviffi  cbmWrfiends'al^^ 
territory  \whicb  Ifes  E  of  the  Mlffifippi,  bounded  S.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  E.  by  Pcrdiflo  river,  N.  by  the  Miffifippi 
Territory,  and  W.  by  the  Miflifippi -river. 

Low^r  Lou f/iaha  '  tmbvices  mzt  pAtt  of  thJs  tetritrtry 
'  ^6uhded  eaft  by  the  Millifippi  river/fouth  by  tft^  Gu!' of 
Meiitov'S.  W.  an<I  W  by  Neii^  Mexico,  north  by  a  lirtc 
drat^ri'  ftoai  the  Miflliippi  weft,  dividing  the  country  io 
^ich  ftbrie  it;  found  from  that  wher^  there  is  none.  This 
line.^ccordihg  to  Du  Pratz,  commences  "the  weft  fide 
of  the  MiMppi,  at  Manchack  in  N.  lat.  3q^  20',  and  uas 
a  varied  courfe  wefl:  of  I^'ew-Mc  xrco. 

Upper  Louijana   compreher    i  all  the  renftinder  nf  thij  , 
territory,  arid  ii^Wn' Tar- ^ft  ianc      jft  vaft  ble  part,     it  has* 
Lower  l^ivifijihaS.':  the   MifTrtippi  E.  and  N.-j  and  W.' 
tl>e  hrgldand*^' an)i  ricufltaini  which  divide  thb  waters  of' 
the  St.  .W^Veffce'v  .iudf(^\.Baj ,  and-the  .•acifick  Ocean 
'•,frt)m:t1ior6  of  the  Hril^tppi.  .  It  is  watsied  by  Rf!;!  river, 
"ttre:^fkanfasVSt;    Fraii'cVy  ,apd   t!  ;.  Mifloiiri,  with  a  vaft" 
"  niiniWr;-;  of-  fm^iier  (beiiti«!    '  whr  S  fall  imo  tfiefe-or    ic 
MiflilppI;' 
'    '  PcpuidfMiJ    The  mm  nhabltSnts  5^  ihis'imi' 

inenfe  cowvtry  4s  reckoned  at  idwut  6Q,opo,  of      Horn  A- 
\ii>\xt  u , 000  are  i[i^.ti.  -  '  ' " ' ' "" '"''''-   ' 

The'  n^etftber  df  the  iTiili^ia  IS  about'  id^odOfffeh.^ 
The  inhabitants  of  LouiJiana  are  chiefly  the  defcpndants^ 

aumber  of  iinglifh  and  Americaiig  in  New-Orleans. 

The  nati\'es   of  the  Ibuthera  part  of  the  Miffifippi  are- 
Rightly,  bav<  a  turn  r<^r  pKchaaici^i  aad  tbe  fin«  sut»;  >«t-- 


EOUrSIANA. 


s/^ 


•ft 


_—  fjKleiH  of  edacttioB  is  (b  wretched  thtt  Jiciie  real 
Ihjnce  !•  obuined.  Maoy  of  the  piantcn  are  opolent, 
mduftrioui,  andh6(^it«He.  rMUicvh} 
^  Cumau  and  pife4ifit.\  Dwing  the  winter  the  wet^hef 
Hwjr  changeable,  ^neraHy  throaghout  Lower,  and  the 
fcuthem  pait  of  Upper  Louifiana.  In  fummer  it  is  rcgu- 
ferl^hol.  2  ^  di«Me  of  Louifiana.  tarie*  in  pwpprtion 
M  It  extends  northward.  The  prevailing  difeafea  on  the 
kjwer  part  of  ti.e.Ohio.  odthc  Miffffppi,  and  through  the 
Flondas  arehiiKhia  f^ri.  In  -fiNne  f^aTons  they  are  mUd 
and  are  little  more  than  common  intermittent  ;  in  other* 
they  =»re  high^  n»liW,;and  app  n»eh  the  genuine  yeU 
tow*eirerofthieV;^ft>Indie^  ' 

.r^c'"^  ^^"^  the-Nachitochcf  is  a^ich  filvcr  mine, 
and  i.fther  nor  h.  anotheri  Leadand  iron  ore,  pit  coal,. 
Z7^h  ^*J^'«**:  P*^««'  °f  Pari*  ?re  found.  The  lead 
No  J!r;L  "*^l*''!  ".wmariatJy  pure  and  produAivc. 
Noiefs  than  lo  lead  min««  hate  been  difcovel^  withw 
k^Mhan  50  n«les>  of  St.  (Jenevieve.  which  already  yield 
an^r^ljy  tt   H€    ilue  of  upwards  of4p,GOO  dolhui^: 

faW,T^^/''  •'  ^"^^"^'^  The,  fugar  .cane  may  b^  eul- 
favated  .   twteo  me  nvcr  IbbervilJe  and  New-Orleaw  on 

li  ''1;  1!^  "*'  '«=»^  ^"»'  Plaiuations  1!)^  be 
mde  «ja.rtu  .6  .ow  uf&d  is  AcK,:.  whid>  might  tura 
^t^ann«aJly7|,oo.  ^gfteads,  of  .000  pounds* jufeioht 
«acri,b<  idel.     roppnionaUe-qjiawity  of  rum.aod'molaf- 

/^.r^  W^^^O:   Th.     ^odu^on«>;i^  Lonifiana 

dlh'f  %'T"'  f  *^'«^»  "«»  f'^'^^^  ^d  peltry,  lumber, tar,, 
jwt&h,  lead,  flou»,  faorles  and  cattf 

•nr^T  ^'^K^^  ^S'Ty  '^  30tfe^  ,'«mbcr,  1804,  the  ex. 
>oris.froi»  New-Orh^an9.amor,itea  to  ^  .600,362  doUars. 
^^'"•^<f-J     l^^re  is  but  ane  pubijk  iihopl^  wl  kh  i»v 

m»ate  ..hoolsfor  aiildren.     N.    moit  than  ...  of  the 

»h.huants.  are  fupBofed  toi?6,#  .Uf^^h^  te,  of 

U.Lyr^±!L^f^'^  ^p  ap^^Me  to  do  .t  welL 

fevnn^  .hlr  *  '"""""s  "*  '"^    'nsuiiiat*  does  nc  extend 

beyoodtb^e  two  arts  ,tho.igh    hey  feem  t^    bt  .lowed 

J^a  g«     i  natural  genios,  and  an  uncoa   -on  1  .ilitv  ^ 
ifcir«.„„  wijatcTerthejj^undertaite. 


1^ 


tcfvmAitK^ 


'tii'  Ugitk^  council  of  Louirianft  hk9e/)>atf«d>  an" 
aft  far  inftiwtin^ 'a '  Vnhttfity  withirt  th«  territbry. 
tender  this  eflablifhrtien#  there  are  te^  be  colleges. aadacade* 
iMtx,  Th*  New-OrlfiiDs  ioHege' ii  to  havek  prefideht  anvl 
four  Profeflots  j-  one  f<V  thrLatin  and  Gteek  languiges, 
Logick  and  ancient  HiAory  ;  one  for  tl^e  Eaglifli,  Frefich, ' 
and  Spinifh-  langtt^e!r.  Rhetorick  and  tnbdern  Biftbry  ) 
oftc  fo\r  Matheihatickfand'Nataral  BWiofophy  iw-andone 
for  Moral  Philofophy  and  th«  kw*df  nature  tiid  nations. 
For  the  iijaifttenancc  of  this  inftitution  50,000  dollari 
ffcr  annumy  is-apprdptiate^tb*  bt»  I^A^ed  by  lottft^^^ 

ffiftor)\]  The  Miflifippi,  on  wHich  the  fine  couiitry  of 
LpuiHana-it  fituated,  'Wasfirft  difcbTci^d  by  Terdinafld'de 
Soto,  in  1541.  Monf^eurd^  i»  Salle  was  thaiirft  who  trav* 
erfed  it.  He,  iirth^  year  1682,  hairibg  pafled  down  the 
month  of  the  MifRiippi,  and  fuhreyed  this  adjacent  coumry, 
yearned  tO'  Caiiaday  froni  ^vhence  'he  took  paffa|e  to 
V^ancci"'        ■     ^'•'-•■^  "Ai,-:.  ... ;!  oli^,^,•.',^^.ii^''^■ 

FVoitttht  flJJkerl%«<fcdiAts:^K^iciiW^8t<?of'tihi'l^^ 
try,  and  the  conft^qdential  advantages  that'would  act  #c from 
fettling  a  colony.io  thofeparts;  Louis  XIV.  was  induced  tor 
eftablifh  a  companf  fot*  the  pw^fe.  •  Actford^ngly  a  fqiwd- 
fOfi  of  foul' "vdlSb;  amply  JireiiidtdWJjrfrnien  and  prbvlfion* 
■lider  the  command  of  Monfieui^'de  )a  Salle,  embaTked  with 
an  intention  td  fettk  near  the  miduth  of  the  Miffiitppi.  But 
Inifttnlmehtii^iiRy '  failwl'ioo  leagaes^tothc  weftward  of 
it,  whcrehe  attenipttth  to  efiabflifh  a  tnWy  i  but'through 
the  unfavpurtiblenefs  of  the  clifnate,  ipoft  of  his  men  mifer- 
ably  pen/hed,  and  ht&bimfelf  w^s'  vHlanobfly   murdered, 
not  long  after,  by-\w^  oflii's  a^n  m*in.     Monlieur  Ibber- 
▼illefucceedid^hiro  in  hii  laudable  atteiftpts?    ^e,  after' 
two   futceftfur voyages, "^  dfed  wbile  preparingfor'a  third. 
Grozat  fucceeded  htni  J  and  in  1 71  a,  the  king  gave  him 
.  Louifiana*     This  grant  cdntinued  biit  a  fhort  tirrtc  afteif  the  - 
^ath  of  Lbuis  XlVf    Jr  1 763,  ^uilTana  wis  *eded  to 
tHc  king  ^f  Spain  ;  by  Whom,  in  "1801,  it  Was  ceded  t^' 
iPtancei,  and  by  France  to  the  ITnited  fitttes,  who  tookib^' 
iirWi)offcffi(MitfkrI>«c.  to,  <8o3^ 


u 


if^BAfiim  AMERICA. 


p*§l 


rSPANISH  DOMlNIOt^ 

;  IN  NORTH- AMERICA. 


"TTT" 


^EA3T  AND  WHST.FLORIDA. 

Milei.  «      '  * 

Breadth  130  J  ^'"^"^  J    50  and  17"  W.  Ion.  from.  ?})% 

BounJanaSTV^^^    ^^  '^^^^  ^^  Georgia  ;  -caft.i>y 
-'JLJ  the   Atlantick    ocean  ;  fouth    by  the 

-  Guff  of  Meicico  J  wett,  |>y  the  MiiTifippi  ;  lying  in  the 
form  of  an  L.  "  .  ' . 

River  (f  Lakes  and  Springs  ]  A  mong-the  rivers  that  falli  ntO 
the  /\tlantick,St.  John's  and  Indian  rivers  are  the  principal. 
_>.eguana,  Apalachichola,  Cbata  Hatcha,  Efcambia,  Mo- 
bile. Pafcag.(,ula,  and  Pearl  rivers,  all  rife  in  Qeorgia,  an4 
jun  foutherly  into  th<?  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Climate.']     Very  iittie  different  fiiom  that  of  Georgia. 
Soil  and  ProduaiansA    Th^re  are  in  this  cocntry,  n. 

,  great  variety  of  (bUs      The  eaftern  part  of  it,  near  and  a-" 

,  bout^t.  Auguftine,  is  far  the, moft unfruitful;  yet  even  here, 
two  crops  of  1  ndian  corn  a  year,  are.jjroduced.  The  banks  of 
the  rivgrs  which  water, the  Fl  ,ridas,.ai)d  the  parts  contigu- 
ous, arc  of  a  fujicriour  quajity,  and  wsell  adapted  to  thf  cul- 

.  tore  of  rice. iind  corn,  while,  the  more  interiour  country, 

which, is  high  and.  pleafant,  abounds  with  wood  ofalnioU 

every  kind;  particularly  white  and  t^oak,  live  oak,  laurel 

-  .magnolia,  pine,. hickory,  cyprefs,  red  ami  white  cedar.  The 

Jive  oaks,  jhyuglx  not  tall,  contain  a  prodigi$)us  quantify  of 
titi!t^.  7'iie  trunk  is  geperally  from  i  z  to  \o  fi.et  m  cir- 
Ciimfercni:e,  and  rifes  10  or  12  ftet  from  the  earth,  and 
then  bunches  into  4.  or  5  great  linibi;,  which  grow  in  nearly 

,  a  honaprital  direai^,.  focming  a  gefttl.  curve      «  I  have 
ijtp}..ed,"fays  Bartrani,*  "  abuve  50  paces  on  a  ftraight  line. 
Jromthe  trunkofone  of  ihefe  trees  to  the  extremity  of  tbe^ 
limbs."     They  are  eve?  green,  and  the  wood  almoU  incoi- 

'[y|^^-  ,  'l>^y  Ijear  a  great  quantity  f)f  fmall  acorns. 
Wiiicii  make  an  aprteabJe  ibod  when  roaited,  and  fron» 
which  the  Indian     xtradl  a  fweet  wl#  which,  they  ufe  in 

,  cupkmg  homminy  and  rice. 

•  .Travels,  p.  85.  \ 


^  SPANISH  AMfiHTCAl^- 

•  *  ,      ' 

-t>f  the  foreftj  and  i«  ufualJy 'i  oa  feet  high  ;  thou^  foih*;  are 
much  higher  The.  tir^ink  i»  pei^e%  .  ere«,  rifiog  in  ^ 
form  of  a  beautitul  cohiinn,  and  fupporting  a^^head  like  an 
cbtufe  cone.  1  he  flowers  m  on  the  extremities .  of  the 
fl  X  IT  "^^^"^l  ^^^^  ^d  expanded  fjke  a  r<>ft,  and 
thelargeftand  moil  complete  of  any  yet  known-  when 
fully  expanded  they   are  from  6  to  9  iLhesTn  Siimeter 

Jargelt  of  the     merican  trees    «  I  have  feen  trunks  of  thefe 

S  I  u'n'''"J'"'  *'^8'"'  ''^^•■'i*'*  ^"'l  other  timber^ 
"me':"t^fr.^  -ake  clurahie  a.d  onvenient  canoe;! 
fta^iound^h^      f  l-^l"  thefe  mighty  trees,  they  raife  a 

extTe'^dy^:^'"  '"^^'^^"  ^'^^^^•"XParts  of  tjiis  country  are 

and  Wc«.kf  i,|'    't,"^^'^'''"''''':'''^  ""*t,y  i„,o  I-»ft 

were  reduced  bV.hV'^Jn'hf  "","?*L;'fe.'"?  *,f '  "«^ 

ofi7Bs.     WvftlC^T-^^r'l''^*^^'  definitive  treaty 

'lea  ..atcs,  «s  included  in  the  ccfiioo  of  JLuudiana. 


«PANfSH  AMERICAN 


f^^^ 


MEXICO,  OR  NEW-SPAIN; 

SiTtTiTlOH  AND   ElTBNT. 

Boundaries.-]    T|OUNDED    north,  bjr     unknowr 
j^^r   If   r   X*  "  regions;   eaft,  F.v    Lbii  '  ana  ani 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  fouth  bv  the  I     m«c    rfl    . 
which  separates  it  fr^m  1 W V  rma  in^ou^^^^ 
ca  ;  wea  by  the  Pacifick  Ocean  ^^"thAnitr,- 

moTsi  ^"^^"-^     ™^  vaa  country  is  divided  «' 

Cra.dDlvi!,on.A««leBce,.  Province*.  Chkf  To^„. 

New  Mexico  fApacheira      /, 

Proper         \  Sonora  {  =*'  *"«»  N.  lat.  36  30 

California,  on  the  weft,  a  peninfub.  St   Juan. 

Coatjacualo,  and  Tobafco.  ^AmonrticLtti T^tf 
n«r  Guadalarara,  or  Great  river.    *  ""'  "  "^ 

^?e«  Of  Chaico  are  fwcet,  thofeofTetzuco  are  brack! 
^    A  canal  unites  them.  The  lowe/  lake  (Tetz^o) 

^^  »h.Wi«r       "»«*««*7  pe"Uic%   Hctr  G«ciinaU  w^ 


SPANISH  AMERICAN 


was  formerly  as  much  as  20  miles  long  and  17  broad,' 
and  lying  at  the  bottom  of  the  vale  is  the  refervoir  of 
alt  the  waters  from  thei  furrounding  mountaini.  1  he 
city  of  Mexico  (lands  on  an  iiland  in  this  lake. 

In  this  country  arc  interfperfed  many  fountains  of 
different  qualities.  There  are  an  infinity  of  nitrousj 
fulph'»reoust  yitriolick  and  aluminous  mineral  waters, 
fome  of  which  fpring  out  fo  hot,  that  in  a  fhort  time 
any  kind  cf  fruit  or  animal  food  is.  boiled  in  them. 
There  arc  alfo  petrifying  waters,  with  which  they  make 
Uttlfe  white  fmooth  ftdnes,  not  difpleafing  to  the  talte  ; 
fcrapings  from  which  taken  in  broth,  or  in  gruel,  made 
of  Indian  corn,  are  moft  powerful  diapliuretlcks,  and 
are  ufed  with  remarkable  fuccefs  in  various  kinds  of 
fevers. 

C/iviafe."]  The  climate  of  this  extenfive  country  is 
various.  The  inaritime  parts  are  hot,  and  for  tiie  moft 
part  inoift  and  unhealthy.  La.. ds  which  ;ire  veiy  high 
or  very  near  to  high  mountains,  which  are  perpetually 
covered  with  fnow,  are  cold  ;  there  have  been  white 
frofts  and  ice  in  the  do^  days  All  the  other  inland 
parts  which  are  moft  p(>j)ulous,  enjoy  a  climate  fo  mild 
and  benign,  that  they  neitlier  feel  the  rigours  of  winter, 
nor  the  heats  of  (ummer.  No  other  fire  than  the  ftfn's 
rays,  is  ncceflary  to  give  warmth  in  winter  ;  Jio  other 
relief'  is  wanted  in  the  feafons  of  heat,  than  the  fhade  ; 
the  fame  clothing  which  covers  a  man  in  the  dog  days, 
defends  him  in  January  j  and  the  animals  fleep  all  the 
y€ar  under  the  open  flty.  But  the  agreeablenefs  of  the 
climate  Is  counterbalanced  by  thunder  fto.  .s,  which 
are  frequent  in  fummer,  and  by  earthquakes,  which 
at  all  feaibns  are  felt,  although  withlefs  dangex  than 
tcrrour.  r^   '  '        ' 

Minerals^]  The  mountains  of  Mexico  abound  in  ores 
of  every  kind  of  metal,  and  a  great  variety  nf  foflils. 
The  Mexican*  found  gold  in  various  parts  of  their  coun- 
try They  gathered  this  precious  metal  chiefly  in  grains 
among  the  fs.nd  of  tile  river.  Silver  Was  dug  out  of  the 
mines  of  Ii]|chc9,  and  others  ;  but  it  was  not  fo  much 
prized  by  tt^m  ai  it  is  by  other  nations.  Since  the  con- 
queft.  fo  many  filvcr  mihes  have  been  difcovered  in  th^t 
country,  efpecially  in  the  provinces  whkh  are  to  the 


SPANISH  AMERICA. 


^(iQ 


W)rthweft  of  the  capital,  that  it  is  quite  impofllblc  to  eni*. 
merate  them.  There  arc  entire  mountains  of  loadftone. 
and  among  others,  one  very  confiderable,  between 
Icoiltyfan  and  Chilipan,  in  the  country  of  the  C©hiu 
ixcas. 

Produiflhfts.-]  However  plentiful  and  rich  the  mineral 
kingdom  of  Mexico  may  be,  the  vegetable  kingdom  is 
ftiH  more  various  and  abundant.     The  celebrated  Dr. 
Hernandez  defcribes,  in  his  natural  hiftory,  about  1,200 
plants,  natives  of  that  country  ;   but  as  his  defctiptton 
IS  confined  to  medicinal  plants,  he  has  hardly  comprized 
^ne  half  of  what  provident  nature  has  produced  there 
*or  the  benefit  of  mankind.     With  rtCpaa  to  the  other 
vegetables,  fome  are  eftcemed   for  their  flowers,  feme 
for  their  fruits,  fome  for  their  leaves,  fome   for  theif 
roots,  fome   for  their  trunk  or  their  wood,  and  otherj 
ior  their  gum,  refin,  oil  or  juice. 

The  fruits,  which  are  original  in  Mexico,  are,  pine- 
apples,  plums,  dates,  and  a  great  variety  of  others. 
Ihere  arfe  alfo  many  others  that  are  not  original  in  the 
country,  VIZ.  water  melons,  nipples,  peachen,  quinces, 
apricots,  pears,  pomegranates,  figs,  black  cherries,  wal- 
nuts,  almonds,  olives,  chefnuts,  and  grapes. . . 

The  coco*  nut,  vanilla,  chia,  great  pepper,  tomati, 
thepeppcrpf  lobafco,  and  cotton,  are  very  common 
with  the  Mcxwans.  Wheat,  b»rley,  oens,  beans  And 
lice,  have  been  fuccefsfully  cultivatediu  thfs  eoiihtrr.' 
With  refpea  to  plants  which  yield  profit^Lh  refinsi 
gums,  oils  or  juic<?s,  the  country  of  Mexico  is  nngukr- 
iy  fertile.  '^ 

Jmma/f.^  Of  the  qimdrupeds,  fome  are  ancient 
and  lome  are  modern.  Thofe  are  called  moderw: 
which  were  tranfported  from  the  Canaries  and  Europe 
{nto  that  country   in  the  futeenth  century.     Such  are, 

^S.^^'K'tT"'''  u^^^^^  .^f '^'  S^'-^ts,  hogs,  dogs,  and  cats, 
which  have  all  multiplied,  OF  the  ancient  quadrupeds, 
by  which  IS  meant  thofe  tha^t  from  time  immemorial  ha v- 
been  m  that  country,  fome  areconmon  to  both  the  coni 
tinents  of  Europe  and   America,  fome  peculiar  to  the 

new  urorlrl  n>li<i.-c  .->..»:.. I a'-U_  '  •__  • -,  .  ^      . 

CO.  LhQ  ancient  quadrupeds  common  to  Mexico  and 
«ne  o\i\  continent  are  tigtrs,  wild  cats,  beari  woIvm/ 


»^ 


fePAKlSH  AMERICA. 


fcxcs  the  crmmoii  ftags  and  wMtc  ftaj?*,  bucb,  Wild 
goats,  badgers,  pole  cats,  weafels,  martins,  fquirrels, 
rabbits,  hares,  otters  and  rats. 
^  Birds  o/Mexho/]  Their  prodtgtous  number,  their  va- 
riety, and  many  valuable  qualities,  have  occafioncfi  feme 
authors  to  obferve,  that,  as  Africa  is  the  country  of 
beaas,  fo  Mexico  is  the  country  of  birds.  It  is  faid  there 
are  two  hundred  fpecies  peculiar  to  that  kingdom  t 
fome  of  ^hicb  are  valuable  on  account  of  their  flefli, 
fome  for  their  plumage,  and  fomc  for  their  fong  j  while 
others  engage  our  atttmion  by  their  extraordinary  in- 
ftina  or  fome  other  remarkable  quality  Of  birds  which 
^ord  a  whoiefome  and  agreeable  food,  there  are  more 
»an  70  fpecies.  There  are  35  fpecies  of  Mexican 
birds  that  are  fuperlatively  beautiful.  The  talking 
birds,  or  thofe  which  imitate  the  human  voice,  are  to  be 
found  in  equal  abundance  in  this  country  j  of  thefe  the 
parrot  holds  the  firft  place. 

Government  and  Religion,-]  The  civil  government  of 
Mexico  1$  adniniflered  by  tribunals  called  Audiences, 
Tn  thefe  courts,  the  Viceroy  of  theking  of  Spain  prefides. 
His  employment  is  the  greatcll  truft  and  power  hit 
Cathoiick  MajcUy  has  at  his  difpofal,  and  is  perhaps  the 
richeft'  government  entrufted  to  any  fubjeft  in  the 
world.     The  viceroy  continues  in  office  three  years. 

The  clergy  are!  extremely  numerous  in  Mexico.  The 
prtefts,  monks  and  nttns  of  all  orders,  make  a  fifth  of 
the  white  inhabitants,  both  here  and  in  other  parts  of 
&panlih  America. 

Chief  Tj^fi-ns  and  Catn^rce.1  Mexico  is  the  oMeft  city 
m  America  ^{  which  wc  have  any  account  ;  its  founda- 
tion  being  dated  as  far  back  a.s  132;.  It  is  fituated  in 
the  charming  vale  of  Mexico,  on  feveralfmall  iflands,  in 
lake  1  etzuco,  in  N.  lat.  Mf  26',  and  103°  35'  W.  Ion. 
from  Ferro.  This  vale  is  furrounded  with  lofty  and 
verdant  mountains,  and  formerly  contained  nO  kfs  than 
40  eminent  cities,  beOdes  vifllges  and  hamlets. 

Conceruing  the  ancient  population  of  this  city,  there 
ire  various  opinion*.  The  hiftorians  moit  to  be  relied 
on  fay,  th.«  k  was  nearly  nine  miles  in  circumference. 
«nu  coniamcd  upwards  of  60,000  houfes,  having  each 
nom  4.  to   10  iahabit.iats.     By  a  late  accurate  ^n^i* 


sp'aMsh  AMfifticAi 


X69 

ff»eration  made  by  the  magittratcs  and  prleOs,  itap- 
jOears  that  the  prefent  number  of  inhabitants  exceed<i 

ioo,coo. 

,    Jhe  grftatea  curiofity  in  the  dty  of  Mexico  is  their 
^atiiig  gardens.     Wlien  the  Mexicans,  about  the  ye jf 
M25,  wcte  fiibdiiedby  the  Colhimn  and  Tepanecan  na- 
tions,  ana  conhncd  to  the  fmall  iflands  in  the  lake,  hav- 
rng  no  land  to  cultivate,  tliey  were  taught  by  neceffitv 
^J  form  moveable  gardens,  which  ffnated  on  the  lake. 
The.rcon.lruajbn  .s  Very  fmiple.     They  take  willows 
and  the  roots  of  mar/h  plants,  and  other  materials  which 
arc  hght,  and  twift  them  togethcl*,  and  fo  firmly  unite 
them  as  to  form  a  fort  of  platform,  Which  h  capable  of 
fupponing  the  earth  of  the  garden.     Upon  this  founda- 
tion they  lay  the  light  buihea  which  floai  on  i^he  lake, 
and  over   them  fpread  the  mud  and  dbt    which  thcT?' 
draw  up  from  th«  bottom  of  the  lake.     Their  reoular 
figure  i^  quadrangular  ;  their  length  ;rTid  breadth  va- 
rious.^ but  generally  about  8,  rods  long  and.  3  w.de  r 
and  their  elevationTrom  the  furface  of  the  water  is  lifs 
than  a  foot.     Thefe  were  the  firft  fields  that  the  Mcxi! 
cans  owned,  aftfer  the  foundation  of  Mexico  j  there  they 
firft  cultivated  the  maize,  great  pepper,  and' otlier  plants 
X  for  their  fupport.     From  the  rhduftry  of  the 
people  thefe  helds  foon  becam?  numerous      At  prefent 
they  cultw-ate  flowers  and  every  fort  of  garden  herbs 
upon  them-     Every  day  of  the  year,  at  funrife.  innume! 
I'ab  i  veflels  oi*boals,loadedwith  various  kinds  of  flow- 
ers  ^nd  herbs  which  are  cultivated  in  thefe  gardens,  are 
feer.  arrivmg  by  the  canal,  at  thcSgreat  market  placi  of    ■ 
Me/ico.  .  AH  plants  thrive  in  them  furpri-^ingly  ;   the 
muu  of  the  Ia,ke  rnakcs  a  very  rich  foil,  which  requires  no 
^ater  from^  the  clouds.     H  the  largeft  gardens  there 
ri!  commonly  a  little  tre-  and  a  little  hut,  to  (belter  the 
cultivator,   and  defend  ^."^.  from  the  rain  or  the  fun 
.  1,  ?  ^^?  owner  of  a  ^  ..  den,  or  the  Chinampa.  as  he  ii 
called,  wiftis  to  change  his  fituution  ta  g*t  out  of  a  bad 
Neighbourhood,  or  to  come  nearer  to  his  family,  he  2ets 
into  his   little   boat,  and  by  his  own  ftrength  aloil  ;f 
pe  gar acii  be  imail,  or  with  the  ailiilance  of  others '  if 
'4t  be  large,  condu^s  it  wh€fe?9r  be  pU^Ocs,  wjih  ^a 


.P70 


SPANISH  ANfERKTA. 


little  tree  and   hut  upon   it.     That  part  of  the  HlanJ ■ 
^here  thefe  floatin|^  gardens  are  is  a  place  of  delightful! 
recreation,  where  the  fenfes  receive  the  highefl  poflflbie 
gratification. 

The  building*  which  are  of  ftone>  arc  convenient,, 
and  the  publtck  edifices^  eipecially  the  chWches,  are 
nagni&cent ;  and  the  city  has  tJie  appearance  of  im-' 
menfe  wealths 

The  trade  of  McxTco  confifta  of  three  ^eat  branches, 
which  extend  over  the  whole  world.  It  carr  je»  on  a 
trafficlc  with  Europe,  by  La  Vera  Cruz*  fituated  on  tlic 
Gulf  of  Mexfco,.  or  North  Sea  f,  wkh  the  £aft  Indies, 
by  Acapuko,  on  the  South  Sea,  aio  miles  S.  W.  of 
Mexico  ;:ar»d  with  SouUi>  America  by  the  fame  port. 
Thefe  two  feaport»j.  Vera  Cruz  acd  Acapuko,  are  ad- 
mirably weli  fituatccl  foe  the  commercial  purpofes  iOf 
which  they  are  appliec^        , 

Hiflory''\  The  empire  of  Mexico  was  fubdued  hf 
Cortez)  in  the  year  i  cii.  See  iiobe(tibn'«  Uill4»rT  m 
ApenciL. 


S;qUTH  AMERICA* 

SOUTH-AMERICA. 


tJ-9 


WE  now  enter  upon  tht  drfcriptlon  of  that  part 
r  if  ,  .  8^*'^*»  ^''^^*'«  *^«  human  mind  will  be 
fucceffively  furprized  with  the  fubHme  and  aftonilhinir 
WorU  Denature  ;  where  rivers  of  amazing  breadth  flow 
thrdugh  bcaatiAil  and  widely  extended  plains.  «ndi 
where  lofty  mountains,  whofe  fummits  are  covered  with 
eternal  fnow.  intercept  the  courfe  of  the  clouds,  and  hide- 
their  heads  ftom  the  view  of  mortals.  In  feme  parts 
J)t  this  eiaeafive  region,  nature  has  k^untlfully  beftowtcfc 
her  treafuccs,  and  given  every  thing  neeeflary  for  the 
convenience  and  happinefa  of  man.  We  have  only  to* 
regret  that  a  fet  of  avaricious  men  have  fucceffively 
drenched  w.tlt  innocent  bfood  thefe  plains,  which  are 
fo  beautifully  formed  and  enriched  by  the  hand  of  na- 
ture ;^arid  tli^t  th^  rod  of  Spanifli  defpotifm  haj  pre- 

fifrn!i!^^  ^Mr^^^'T.  ':  ""  ^''^'^'^y'  ^^'^^  might  haT«: 
ftipportedmilhonsof  beings  4  aflfcienee.  ^         ^ 

nivijiom.'].  South- America,  like  Af,ica,  »  m  exten- 
five  pcninfula,  connefted  with.  North- An^nicTby  the 
Mhrnus  of  Darien.  and  divided  between  gpain,  Vonn^ 

gal,  France,  Holland,  and  the  Aborig;  16!..  as  ft>I>ws  %. 
^'^'fi^^"*  Chief  lovii^p 

f  Terra  Firma*.        Panama  anii  CartJiagei^ 


Spaniih    t£ 

Domin-  i^V^* 

J/vn.  jChlllj 


tParaguaj 
Brazil,. 


Lima^ 
St.  Jago* 
Buenos  Ajrt^, 

St  Salvador. 


Caen, 
^aramarifitl 


ions. 

Porta- 
guefe. 

French.  -  Cayenne^ 

•Dutch..  SurrinaSii,, 

Aborig-  Amazoniai 
roes.  I  Patagonia* 
pf  thefe  countries  we  ^Eall  treat  b  tboir  ordcfc  j> 

•  Now  pofftfled  by  the  Hnglifli.  ' 

•rt/!V***  ^"  **^«°'f"*  **^  Sunth- America  and  Mexico,  the  f^Ufi. 
'?u"i«roVHlft;  Robc^fon',   Hiftory  of  Amerie*; '/he  Al^ 


»7> 


SPANISH  AMERICA. 


SPANISH  DOMINION^ 

IN  SOUTH-AMERICA. 


TERRA  FlRM^l,  or  CASTILE  I>EL  OKa 


SITUATION  AHB    EiTENT. 


Miles. 

Length  1406T 
Breadth    706  J 

Boundaries 


hetwcen 


iB 


("the 

160° 


Equator  artd  1 2*'N.Iaf. 
i°  and  »2**  W.  Ittrtgitude. 
OtJNDED   north,   by  the  Afiuntick 
Ocean,  here  called  the  North  Sea  ^ 
eaft  by  the  fame  ocean  and  Surrinam  ;   fouth  by  Ama- 
zonia and  Peru  t  well  by  the  l*acifick  Ocean. 
It  is  divided  into 


Terra  Firma  Properf 

or  Darierr, 
Gar/j^agena» 
St.  Martha, 
Venezeula»^ 
C;>niana, 
Paria, 

New  Grenada,- 
Pcpayan, 


Chitf  Town*. 

{Porto  Belldi 
Panama. 
Carthageiia^ 


Fo^ayail'. 


Rivet s."^  The  principal  rivers  afe  the  Darien,  Cna- 
gre,  Santa  Maria,  Conception  and  Oronoko. 

Climate^  Soil  and  Produ{iio/is.]  The  cliihate  here,  ef- 
peciaUy  in  the  northern  parts,  is  extremely  hot  and  ful- 
try  during  the  whole  year.  From  the  month  of  May, 
to  the  end  of  November,  the  feafon  called  winter  by  the 
inhabitants,  is  almoft  a  continual  fucceffion  of  thunder, 
rain  and  tempefts ;  the  clouds  precipitating  the  rain 
with  fuch  impetuofityj^that  the  lowlands  exhibit t^e ap- 
pearance of  an  eceaft.  Great  part  of  the  country  is> 
ofconfequeno*,  almoft   continually  flooded  j  and  this, 


"'i 


air 


with  vapours,  that  in  many  provinces,  particularly  about 
Popayan  and  Porto  Bello,  it  is  extremely  unwholcfome- 
The  foil  of  this  country  is  very  differeati  the  ifllan<J 


SPANISH  AMERlCAr, 


^n 


oKa 


r2*N.]at. 
>i1gitude. 
^riantick 
thSea  ^ 
>y  Ama- 


1. 

en,  Ciia- 

here,  ef- 
;  and  ful- 
of  May, 
T  by  the 
thunder, 
the  rain 
it  tHe  ap- 
mntry  is, 
anH  this, 
c  the  air 
rly  about 
lolefonie. 

10  ialac^ 


forts  being  extremely  rich  a- '  fertile,  and  the  coaaA 
inndy  and  barren.  It  k  impouliAe  to  view  without  ad- 
Hiiration,  the  perpetual  verdure  of  the  woods,  the  lax- 
Rruncecfthe  plains,  and  the  towering  height  of  the 
niountains.  1  his  country  pfoducca  corn,  fugar,  tobae* 
«o,  and  fruits  of  all  kinds.  •         »    ' 

ChhfTowm,^^     Carthagena  r»thc  principal  fea  pr>rt 
town  in  Terra  Firma.     It  is  fituated  on  th?  Arlantick 
Ocean,  in  N.  lat.  lo-  26' and  75°  a  1 '  W.  long.     Tl»e 
bay  on  which  »t  ftands  is  feven  miles  wide,  n-om  north 
to  fouth  ;  and  has  a  fuffident  depth  of  water  with  good 
anchorage  ;  and  fofmooth  that  fhips  are  no  more  agi- 
tated than  on  a  rhrcr.     The  many  (hallows  at  its  n^- 
jrance,  however,  make  the  help  of  a  good  pilot  neceffary* 
The  t.own  and  its  fuburb*  are  fortified  in  the  modem 
Si  V     5^  ^'"'^  .*"  ftraight,  broad,  anil  well  paved. 
Ihehoufesare  principally  brick,  and  one  flory  high. 
This  ctty  IS  tJic  ircGdence  of  the  govemour  of  the  prov. 
?°"  °^y««^ag*n^  ;  and   of  a  biOiop,   whofe  fpiritual 
lurildiaticn  extends  over  the  whole  province.    There  vi 
here  alfo  a  court  of  inquiHtion. 

_  Panama  is  the  capital  of  Terra  Firma  Proper^and  h 
fituated  m  N.  lat  S-  45',  W.long.  79°  5  j',  Jpon  a  ca. 
pacous  bay  to  which  it  gives  its  name.  It  is  the  great 
receptacle  of  the  vaft  quantities  of  gold. and  fdver,  witb 
other  .r^ch  merchandwe,  from  aU  parts  of  Peru  and 
Uuli  ;  here  they  arp  lodged  in  (lore  houfes,  till  the 
proper  leafon  arrives  to  traniport  them  to  Europe. 

i^arto  Bello  is  fituated  clofe  to  the  fea,on  -he  decliV- 
«y  ot  a  mountain  which  furrounds  tlie  whole  harbour. 
Ifte  convenience  and  fafety  of  this  harbour  is  fuch  that 
tolirmbus  who  firit  difcovered  it,  gave  it  tlie  name  df 
l-orto  Bello,  or  the  Pine  Harbour,  in N.  lat.  u°  zx'  W. 
long.  79«'45'. 

^i/^p-1  This  part  of  South- America  was  difcovered 
ey  Columbus,  in  hi^i  third  voyage  to  this  continent  It 
was  lubdued  Had  fettled  by  the  Sp^xniar Js  about  the 
year  1514,  a  :  r  deftroying  with  great  inhumanity,  fcv- 
traJ  miHions  of  tlie  natives.  This  country  was  called 
i^ira  rirma,^  n  account  of  its  being  the  firft  part  of' 
we  continent,  -vhich  was  difcovered  ;  all  ^bc  iaads  dtfi^ 
cavcrcd  previous  to  this,  being  iflands.  '  ' 


374 


SPANISH  AMERICA. 


PERU. 


Miles. 
Lengtli  i3co 
Breadth    5C0 


SITUATION    AND    EXTtMT. 


} 


between 


{The  Equator  and  .5**  S.  fat. 
60°  and  81^   W.  longitude. 
JW.ri^.jTlO^ifD"-'"''.  by  Terra  Finna 
-"XJ  weft,  by  the  Pacifick  Ocean  ;  <o«ih 
by  Chili  ;  and  ea.^  by   the  mountains  called  the  Aades. 
Divifions  J  Pern  is  divided  into  the  following  provinces : 

Provincoi.  Chief  Town*. 

Quito,  Quito,  Payta. 

Lima,  Lima,  lat.  12^  11^  S* 

Los  Charcofi,  Potofi,  Porco, 

Rivers.'^  There  are  fevcral  rivera  which  riPr  in  the 
Andes,  but  moft  of  them  run  to  the  eadward.  Among 
thefe  are  the  Grande,  Oronoke,  Amazon,  and  La  Plata. 
The  Amazon  rifes  in  Peru,  but  directs  its  courfe  eaft. 
"ward,  and  after  running  3  or  4.CO0,  miles,  falls  into  the 
Atlanticlc 'C2an  under  the  equator.  This  river,  like 
all  other  ■  ./ecn  the  tropicks,  annually  overflows  its 
.banksv  1^1:  VD:h  time  it  is  150  miles  wide  at  its  nouth 
It  is  fupf .  ":  d  to  be  the  largcft  river  in  the  world,  wheth- 
-er  we  condder  the  length  of  its  courfe,  the  depth  of  its 
•waters  or  its  aftoniftiing  breadth. 

Climate y  Air  and  Soil."]  In  one  part  are  mountains 
of  a  ftupendous  height  and  magnitude,  having  their 
fummits  covered  with  fnow  ;  on  the  other  volcanoes 
ilaming  within,  while  their  fummits  and  chafms  are  in- 
volved in  ice.  The  plains  are  temperate,  the  beaches 
and  vallies  ,are  hot  ;  and  laftly  according  to  ihe  difpofi- 
ition  of  the  coiifiitry,  its  high  or  low  fitnation,  we  find  all 
.the  variety  of  gradations  of  temperature  between  the 
two  extremes  of  heat  and  cold.  It  is  remarkable  that 
iin  fome  places  it  never  rains  ;  which  defeii  is  fupplied 
hy  a  dew  that  falls  every  night,  and  Sufficiently  refrefh- 
es  the  vegetable  creation  ;  but  in  Quito  they  have  pro- 
<ligious  rains,  attended  .  by  dreadful  ftoMs  of  thunder 
and  lightning  In  the  inland  parts  of  Peru,  and  by  the 
banks  Y)f  the  river*  the  foil  is  verv  fertile  1  hnt  along  the 
iea  coad  it  is  a  barren  fand. 

ProduSions, 


Veg^ 


] 


cattle  were  impo^rted  by  ;he  Spaniards  into  Peru  when 


ingituJe. 

m  ;  <onth 
le  A  . ' 
rovinc^i : 

II' S. 

"ir?  in  the 
Among 
Lb  Plata, 
lurfe  eaft* 
Is  into  the 
river,  like 
•flows  its 
:s  mouth 
d,  wheih- 
ptb  of  its 

lonntainf 
ing  their 

irolcanoM 
ns  are  in- 
;  beaches 
le  difpcfi- 
e  Bnd  all 
ween  the 
able  that 

i up  plied 
y  refrefh* 
lave  pro- 

thiinder 
nd  by  the 
aloni?  the 

—        a 

iHibersof 
siuwhen 


I 


-      -SPAN   iHA       RICA.  *         y 

tliey  tool  pofTcffion  /that  country  ;  thcfc  ar«  now  fo 
ama/.n^ly  •ncreaied.  that  they  run  wild,  and  are  hunted 
hke  game,  ^i  he  moft  >„  ,rkable  animals  in  this  conn- 
try  are  th(  Peruvian  Ineep.  called  lamas  and  vicunnas. 
f  he  lama  m  fever al  particulars  refembles  the  camel,  as 
n  the  ftapeofthe  neck,  head,  and  feme  ot  rpa'  s ;  but 
has  no  hunc  .  .s  much  fmaller,  and  is  cjpven  foo  .>  hn 
upper    pis  Jefthke  rhat  of  a  hare,  throui^h  v.  •„ 

enraged,  it  fpits  a  venomous  juice,  that  inflar  nm 

on  whu h  .r  falls.     The  wool,  with  which  it  i  d'h" 

ot  diiFerent  colours  ;  but  generally  brown.  fe  ani- 

mals are  ,      -rally  docile,  fo  that  the  India.,  .le  them 
beafts  of  burden.      1  heir  flefii  is  eaeemed  preferable 
mutton.     Th-   vicunna  refembles  the  Jama  in  ihape, 
but  ..much  im        •.  and  its  wool  ftiorter  and  finer. 

and  moft  of  thoie  m  liurope.  The  culture  of  maize,  of 
p.m..nto  and  cotton,  which  was  found  eftab'if^ied  there, 
has  not  beeh  neglefted  ;  and  th^t  of  wheat,  barley,  caf! 

lTr:A  aT'^'^'^J^^''^*     ""^  ofthe  alive  and  vine,  is  at- 
tended  to.     The  goat   nas  thriven  very  well  ;  but  the 
heep  have  degenerated,  and  their  wool  has  ber   r^e  ex- 
tremely coarfe. 

iJf/V,./.]     In  the  northern  parts  of  Peru,  are  feveral 
gold  mines  ;  but  thofe  of  filver  are  found  all  over  the 
country,  particularly   in  the  neighbourhood  of  Potofi. 
Nature  nev.r  oiFered  to  the  avidity  of  mankind,  in  any 
country  on  .he  globe-  fuch  rich    aiies  as    .<We  of  Poton!  " 
1  ftele  famous  niines  where  accidentally    .fcove-ed  in  the 
lltVJ'^l'u''  ^^"  ""^""'^  ''  ^"  ^"^'     '  named  Hualpa, 
m  o?  P  1  ^""1"^  ^°'"'  ^*^'"'  '^"^y  '^^'^^  direaly  up  the 
h     LaT'I  !""  "'"^  '^*   '^^^P'  "^^gy  part  of  the 
of  ;Sf   K  '  t'T^°  '"^"*^  ^'"»  ^<'  *=l'>"bup,  laid  hold 
fm  r    f ^r^"'^  *^^'"'   "P  ^y  ^^^  ^o^ts.  and  laid  open 
a  mafs  of  filver  ore.     He  for  fome  time  kept  it  a  fecret, 
but  afterwards  revealed  it  to  his  friend  Guanca,  who 
becaufe  he  would  not  difcover  to  him  the  method  of  re- 
hning  ,t,  acquainted  the  Spaniard,  his  matter,  named 
Valorel,   with  the  -  difcovirv     V-^W.i    «»«:aL-.j  .u^  . 

mrj"r'^.?^  'r^"^  ^''*"*  ^^at  ''"«»  tilll638,  thefe^ 
S  ^^  k"'^^*   ^'"^^^^  395>6.9,ooo  pieces  of  ei.ht,  , 

hiir.n!i   Z  '  \  ^'''*^'"''  ^'^2?  ^^«'"*y  of  ta  Plata.  The 
«l«i,  and  alio  the  country  Ifor  a  coafiderable  diftance 


t 


.^p->m 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


L£f2.8     32.5 

m 

1 2.2 

US 

lU 


i 
i 


2.0 


U    11.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WfST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

(716)  S72-4503 


'<%. 


■-^^ 


^ 


SPANISH  AiWERlCA. 


*icmnd,  is  ^uite  barren  and  defert,  and  produces  ■eitKor 
tree,  plant,  nor  herb  ;  {o  that  the  inhabitants  of  PotoiJ, 
which  is  fituated  at  the  foot  of  the  hill, on  the  fouth  ftde, 
ar^B  obiiged  to  procure  all  the  ntceffariesof  life  from 
Peru.  Thefe  mines  begin  to  decreafe,  and  others  rife 
Ift  repiitatmn. 

Cities,'^  Tlic  city  of  Lima  is  the  capital  of  Peru,  and 
•f  the  whole  SpaYiifh  empire  ;  its  fituation,  in^he  mid- 
dleof  a  fpacious  and  delightful  vale  jr,  was  fixed  upon 
.,    by  the  famous  Pizano,^>  the  n)o(l  proper  for  a  city, 
which  he  expeded  Would   preJe^rve  hit  memory.     It  is 
fo  well  watered  by  the  Rim^ck.  that  the  inhabitants  com- 
mand  a  liream,  each  f'  r  his  o».n  ufe.     There  arc  many 
v?ry  magnificent  liiu6ures.    particularly  churches,  in 
this  city.     Lima  is  about  two  ieagues  from  the  fea,  ex. 
tends  in  length  z  miles,  and  in  breadth  one  and  a  quar. 
ter      One  remarkable  f^dl  isfufficientto  dcmonflrate 
the  wealth  of  the  city.     When  the  Viceroy,  the  duke 
de  la  Palada,  made  his  entry  into  Lima,  in  1682,  the  in- 
habitants,  to  do  him  honour,  caufed  the  ftreets  to  tt 
paved  with  ingots  of  fdver,  amounting  tofeventeen  mil- 
lions fterling        Ul  travellers  fpeak  with  amazement  of 
the  decorations  of  the  churches  with  gold,  filver  and 
precious  Hones,  which  load  and  ornament  even  the  walls. 
The  only  thing  that  could  juftify  thefe  accounts,  is  the 
llnmenfe  riches  and  extehfive  commerce   of  the  inhabit- 
ants.    The  merchants  of  Lima  may  be  faid  to  deal  with 
all  the  quarters  of  the  world,  and  that  both  on  thcu-  o\m 
accounts,  and  as  fadors  for  others.     Here  all  the  pro- 
duds  of  the  fouthern  provinces  are  conveyed,  in  order 
to  be  exchanged  atthe  harbour  of  Lima,  for  fiich  articles 
as  the  inhabitants  of  Pern  (iand  in  need  of  ;  the  fleet 
Aom  Europe  and  the  Eaft-Indies  land  at  tfat  fame  har- 
bour,and  the  commodities  of  Afia,  Europe  and  Ameri- 
ca,are  there  bartered  for  each  other.  But  all  the  wealtji 
^the  inhabitants,  all  the  beauty  of  the  fituation,  and 
the  fcrliJity  of  die  climate  of  Lima,  are  not  fulficient  to 
comjpenfate  fc  one  difaftcr,  which  always  threatens,and 
aas  lometimes  adually  befallen  them.     In  the  year  1 747, 

City  level  with  the  ground^and  entirely  demolifhed  Cal. 
wcv  tlie  port  town  belonging  to  it.  Never  was  any 
4i5ftr»dipa  jnore  pcrfeA,  not  more  than  00c,  of  tb/^ 


i,  %  .-v 


*-THo^hi^^n  and  iiegiielNirt  ft 
*!^  i^^Jtki^i  to  Ikmtmn-  '^■ 

^ikktmmjim,  i« the gi^d* .««« 


'^ifi^^li^' 


^%- 


i/ft*    r« 


■S'-fe^ 


^'flW*.  i^jiShiv 


# 


^  ftom  tl?;lnitt6il  '^  Tilii 

i^  A|md;  ijf  -a^iijMlt  li^,'*ac1c  lo  tb^biMjti^m  and 

<i^eOcHa^litiii^^  world 

i^^llf ft  lifyild.;t«!a^s|^  i^  ^vkricc;  dUplated  ileiles 


■Tft.    "i  ,;».  -j!-;  , 


">  .j^.Ytilli'  i[':r'll',if  i  y^^/;#:i».,''''''^^.'W'  :;apff 


pr 


?*= 


sis 


dud  44I -^^lat. 


P^|^^^^}*a)Rd'  by 
Ittem  W'wtJ^s  of 


.<iftianCCiiyoor 


■^'  > 


Wr- 


yi^m 


they  «n|^  aiinj  teiiipdiat^^^r^lmd  acinar  1p^ 

^2^th«..a^o^tHHis  in  vimerr  ar«  excetdmglp^f^ai^V 
"^erftjrtefpw  pji^ts  th  this  exfeen  Ave  cwu^ttf,  whoiS 
thtu^  iifcTfioi;eiqjberanjtlyrich  }  and  were  jrs  liatiua)  ad- 
j^WJgfa  fecon^jp^  by  th^.ina^rjr  !tii(t^  ififaabtt^itt^. 
yhilr  wQuld  besfbe  ,.ij|»oft  ppaleot  lung^  19^  AiatTr 

^lifewJriW  V^Mii'^.i'rifdit^kf.J    tj^t,  horfei  aigl ' 
mules  of  Q}\\X\  are  m  great  cAeAis^i|i|;^ctikiH7  the  f^- 
«Mf:    l?roi^»§«ow»f  nujni||r«.  Qit  oj|^|M)atf  and  fteep,  ' 
areJAiitJIfii^d  iA*hei,J#«iM!!aii^  P<#i^s  Sf  GhUi  ^  atii  liir 

weH  fmM^sMkpM  PKftfefcd  ^^ur  ddll^si  H|?- 
Wtsi|f^<«  ii5i>^jda.iinds  of  poultry,  .arc  €pffiarf>,.iSi 
the ^ttejir^tiiiom ..  -  ^'  "^  * 

The.  coals'  aboBiKi  Vi?h  m^ny  excellen@«^  j  fliere 
ari^alfa  vaft  ntm^rv  o^  wh«ie«  ar<i^;i^^  THe  '^Jt 
foil  pr0d(ie98  lndi«fi/3^)d  JKuropeaiv  ccMriv4t«»|^  grapes,  •  ''^''^"'^ 
and  all  other  i^ufts.  The  European  fruit  tre^s  are  ohlig. 
ed  ^  lufpfoppi^^  to  fsa^Mleiii  to  fdlajn  the  weigbi 
of  the  fruiti  Orangctreesare  ^n  bjpom,  and  bear  fruit 
thrc^ghoaixiihe  /year.^^  >01ives  alfo  and  abnonti  */ef|* 
thrive^  exeeedti^y  Jreli  t  ^M  th#vii|habitantf  ,pt^r%,» 
Wrtd  of  mf|feadtne  wi«^  iiexsm  the-grapes,  ^whieh  ^r  ei«  '^ 
ceeds  atiy  thi^g  of  thci  kin<l,1i|afie  in  %|l^~ 


h|!0ok$.«o4:  torrem*  \  theuannu^  ii9<^r'i}f .  which, 
ix^lfenjnaniifaaared,  iseftimtfted  at  nprie&th;^  (Ico»ooo 

C9m^fer<»,\  Ch^li  ba«  always  hsd  c«ni«kM!re|al  ^con* 
nextoof  with  the  neighbfiaring.  {ndfana  oii  Itf  :40Q(i^$» 
w^  Fern  and  Para^ay.  The  Indi&ffh  hs  tlieii'iatai^ac- 
t!^ii$  afe  fimnd  td  be  ^tfeaiy  iietitfll.    0iiU  ifkp0l^ 


^ 


*.  >  -i  , 


^l 


^'  :/*k^ 


*6»P,.a«#  com  1  animieim  .  irt^rsc^bangd.  tbbacco, 
l^K^S^^^^y^'  waw,  .ffemr  manofii^ureijnadc 


♦{  ^r>;n<»  receives  in  payimqt,  ijBuIfe-  wax;  cotton, 
die  hereof  Pai'igtta  jr.  n^c»»  iu:;  jT^e  comiher^^  be- 
tween yht  tM'o  GOlWnies  »  not  caniaS  t>ri  by  fca  ;  it  has 
b^en  found  mere  expedltlotos,  ^Afi^and  tfyejilds  expen- 
-fife,  to  go  by  land,  ^ongh  ft  W  s^^lwgHe^  fti^  ^f 
J^go  to  Ettenps  Ayr«fs  aBd^tiawM  th^iti  4a  leagtic*  0^ 
JM  *^y  ami^ft  the  fno#l  an^  p!wi|»icei  of  tfcte^rde- 

fiitr«iFidin  (hff^fert^^d  i(>irtft«,lM<<ifc.||i^|^te 


.  .  -'NCCiirre  wiw 

f*Il^''l^**  ^^^^*  ^""^  ^Wth'tbey  ^ndon  whert 
^M^m^f^^^cmr:  *t:h,t^^.hHLife  «nd  war- 
W?  ^i»P  *^  *^  attcnfpii  of  ihi^SpantiW^  to  litbdue 
m»  BsiVfrprov*d  irt?«^auaL*    It  is  allMMft  eofbillv  difw 

fe-  iJ.f^*'**?:^^ :**»^^«'  <^^  Spasibrdir  in  Cbilu 
iyeAbbemyria!%^  there  iirc4e*,ooem  the  city  of 
t^^*^^.    f  ^!i'i,fe'*^^^^^  aggr«^gat*  liomber  in  all 
bal       j/"^^r^^rn|.^  '^^  cdoiidw^bH  dran  . 

■  '"'^'.^''^^S^^^^^?*  ^*  ^*  capitad-'of'tliii'coilntry' 

rab0r^mkt^J,i!5W^  InaJl  matters,  relate-- 

iwg  to  thk  ^^ermnent,  to  the  &mnets,Mndtb  war  :  bftt 
h«l4iftd6p««idc«t^^liij^^aftlii»f  ^mitiiilntQmfhvC- 

*1^««  ^*^ll«l*i"\^  "*  ^**I*^  aodico€e.  Ele^itt^- 
fiouro^(few;tfiftifbtft«a}ttthe  province,  arc  <;hari;ca, 
under  his  otders,  vi^  die  det$u)s  <rfadwtttiatatton.' 


:ni 


■'i       :; 


i 


«rcw»  .000  J  .   ^0»-»Bi  7,'.  W;-]«igi.     ^. 


riSL'  »^*»  ]»  W>  felfowiijii  l»fisB.g^  c*l&cr„ti 


jwirn  *,?|i  and  C?,**^  feina  llrr  matter  to  bo^S^ 
hot  %;%  H*i  WHt.r,:«  if  W^^^fc^'^f^li.-^^Sf 


r>. 


■y.'   ,  ■> 


««>rn.ng,   and  ^ntmue  the  ^ateft^Wlti^^^:  ^ 


#^  i«  wSMc^^rt  bci^  em  he^lt  oTiMci  tiiat|t  is 
is  lift  »» felt  teroiised'ifWliiv^  wiU 


--■^'^ 


4  tii^rt  m,  tit^m^t^^m»\o^06c^ii3^  in  this. 
d»  ill  j^  d#^lil^^ 


«-sP- 


■.;*--C.cv 


'^i 


5^1 


^fci^Tt^  ifl|»iUI(l|i^ltt^^^  of 

s  itt^ij||.  Iffoaoftliv^diQlilBf^  is  mil  Jnv 
e  figitl!iit%ie|iai^i^  Th^^iyts  h«v«  been 
fi'l^lr^c^iroiV^  tb^  Kidians> 

^ ,»«.  ^^^^,  ^  a»&Mr^|^  <liidl  td  ia^RK^ite  ansong 

1%  %|4ift;    it  ti^^^ial^ilidye  ||fl^b0^gBaic8^fev- 
dtal  jr#r»  %o»  #ei^  H^t^r^  t^tli  ^jg^its,  Uirliig  in  bbe- 

^  ti^milii^  of  A^i^ca»  ty  J«}«l^iiih«i4ty.  ami 


•'CHWlWiW^!^^       ■      .^ 


.  J.        ^i'  'H't' 


.»'.4..'i. 


■t .  ■■  ■  f  I 


^iif 


•':j*i 


tool  j^i^m 

.M  %^%  A«^^  and  ^e  Ai|m 

-imGrn^m  ^ifeWi^eto  Hie 


^*  .^'^^%.^^i^  ^^>^  »^*^ng  ^W-wli  cIi|L\i 


#"- 


<^ 


^4      PMmmMiimmmicA. 

gbipct  ^  Htr«  totf  fin  dfflferentibrti  of  palm  ttttt, 

^U  4^^.  ^ttn4i  laired  eattk.;^^^  & 

•4  fpr  tiiwrfcidet  only,  <o,ooo  being  ftnt  utma|ly  into 

•rgMiie.    Aino^t^  wad  iiaiteiigaSrt  arctic 
Wlit  Itkc  the  grcyLouHd  I  monkiei,  flodn,  aiy  the  to- 

iHtrxrflawr^ad  and  :aii»f/l»  this  ca^  • 

Wf^at,%rtd  liicrtal^e*^  jreaf.    Tl«>  ifiiiwrt  it 


«anjL  as  4^.POo_1j8griet;  luni&aBy.    thJ  experts  of; 

I^tf  are  ^lanwihds,  fogfe^  t<i|>ai^iL  hid*|,  diurt  and 
/  2?  irl"'V  !?*  they*  rc«ft¥e  in  mam,  irooUc^goods  . 
A  ^41  kmds,  thefts.  lw<g,  niks,  hats,  lek  tiri^pe^ 

-laf ^  Saltkdor  B-  the  capital  of  Brazil.  ^M?  city. 

.one  ^^^Mithfmt^^c^d^^tS^  ^ 

Uttiation  m^kes  it  m  a  manner  impteenahle  hi  i^atn^  ^ 
jn|they  have  b<idcs ad^^  U>k:^c^  ftron/SHi: 

'W'*-'  , /f*^^^^t*i;goWmmctJa  raanf  parses  ofi^s . 
c^^  whiih  have  %en  %fo«^ti^ith^iJdnfidb^^^ 
Sw  ^^^'^^T*'^  ^***^  ^^ib^any  diaWbnd 

**^*"#^^'^  a^R<^ of  jeteri  Mde.  /  /'^'^  ^ 
-.J^/i^J^  ia,#ii^t5fOj^zil!nniit%  a&0^ 
the  liutrmws^xis.  te  hotib  aout     They  are  ihbiea  to 
fi^r  diftcmpeii.  ^nd  lom^Ji^d. ,  T^^y  wear  no  cloth- 
<  %  ,the  women  wear  thfirfcair >nrcmely«onir,  the 


\ 


^        /. 


',.':V.      '*^'«P?^^- ....  ••-m 

fiJ.  feS'^L  •'i^^'xapUn, a>Ul4)M,^: 
IX4i*._«lttn  tWy  toofcpo(Ie«onof  All  Saint.  BjTmd 

HMon  ofall  ft»^ftiir5lo.«.t£e  lid  WP.7^^5g 
W  Iwwen  PBtt,,-^  4,d  apaih,  toot   ,  4  .  noS' 


^..  i  and  w.lM,T  Guiana  or  Su«i„V~\''^„^ 


■'   \ 


# 


9lffltSU^MSKKM'i 


,.i, 


>' 


tHe^fUhif  Momi  frop  tht.nmJtiimi*  of rftt^i  whicE 
rifk^kMvit  fr(if»«^a  tm^ml^m  wkb  gritt  iaipetiiofity* 
ifere  %ht'  if^iiiiirfiNnKi^  •»  iriry  Ihot^  nraift  and  mnvhok- 
Ibine,^efpeei4l)y  whert  the  w«o4i  urc  iioi«lMr*d  lairafi 
l^t  on  the  liixllei'  pmtt  where  th*  tract  «»t  ipit4dwn, 
Ittifi  ilMr  gvoiifld>i«id  <  out  in  plpntatioMi  IIm  atrifr  mora 
liealtliy,  and  tlie  lifiii  gmtlf  Aitig^itcid  by  ih»  6* 
iNivetv.  The  lbil*lB  mm  ferii,  t»  v«s]r«limi^e,  fto- 
4ii«ii$  fngtrv  toliiMto»|iBttaB-.eeii^MW.«&(iMhv 
jiieeffimeterlife..  ^ 


■I      "r  I  III*  mr  I      i<>    Jllj|i|llU  I  I  11    II  *» 


3= 


<■  II*  . 


,!■  ^ 


mmm  AiviERicftv. 


StlR|tIN|U5I^Vo»  DtmS»!OI7MNAi 


"S^  His  prbvmce,^  thi  only ;  6ne  j^eto^b^'  'fd  ^i 
^jt    l^it^»^xmt|iieQv»tlhehtor>Ameieica,^» 

hctwun. 


-fitoafed 
HI j;«,  iiAil  I*'  N.  kt,, Juwing  the  Ailintiek  aikdi  the 

the  pif^nohoi  tp  the  .liver  -MUnmfwt,  on  which  are  fit* 
:%ited  ih«lr  M^f#^a§£|^ 
and  5ift*li^ft#iir^11^  beginf%lih*i|Mf  rfm  Sva- 

of'COaftjo^  i«p^tniti^,v  r        - 


mmr 


tWs 


ji^c;<#f«. 


ft<MriAce  wm  taken  bj  the  logUihlaVxSif^^ 


'WITOll  AMmOft. 


«*^if 


a  %  ^ttittJp«t  w^irid  not  ht  mmSSS^  aI«I1^ 

^^€  '^'^*^;^«  the  prIndH  tiwfl  S^iS 
whom  «e  J.w^«ri  «^fti»^«JSSn.ilf 

>tJi  here  an^in  HoMan^.^aiKl  £  o*i»  laiti^^O^ 


4 


^ 


■m0^Amm^^ 


i^4 


riiW  ai  tny  iff  ilie  vpttd  \  \i  is  gener^v;  a  rklt 
ftt.  <J%^y  t^ttli^-Ifj^Og  in  fome  p^^>:abbvie  toe  kir<at 
<lPiie  Htd^vat  Hl^  w^«r,  (whWh^^^^^  ft  feet) 

te^'iflf  niott  pUcif  ]>eldw  It.  1|liis  cbiintry fe  never 
^ifriefi^  hui-^atiel,  &i6{c  dlea^f&rAiMUtgfcsof  the 
WeftPMi^l  ^aiia  drou^ls,  (rm  \l^'^idk  of  U^e 
•^dl,  it  has  IK^  to  fear ;  ttnr  Aas  tKc  prepuce  iver  be^n 


|>l€tit)r  of  <r^«^  ;^arlis  ancT  r^its^ia*  kind  of  Buffalo, 
«nid  t#^  fptd^bf  wiM  hog s,  one  of  whtch  (t W  ptccary} 

'1>tit  with  nox>ther  ravenous  or4angerottsantteal^:i%lie 

.  titers  are  r^fVclered  daiigerOua  by  ^ligltfwi.  tkoxpions 
aind  tairipntiih^  aral  ;fouiid:l^erej  of  lar|«  itacConfiig^eat 
r&mnr^tHA  ii|i%#  i«^$^  w^l«(||in»«»^rianeiO^  them 
y^i^y'^angeroits  and  tt^l^kiilbtie^^^  the  too^oiaficlc  eel 
alTo,  the  touch  of  iK^hicb,  by  means  of '^e  hare  hand, 
or  any^eofid!d^or»'hajj  vihfr  efft^  o(  a  ftrq^g,  ^^ncal 
ftQ#  J  wfinii  i^  ^  «eJi^^i&, 

and  others,  as  haii'^been  stffkrttA  by  matiy  (^edible  per- 
foisi^re  fftsm, »5   to  jp  feet. Mm-  f  la,the, wocwjsam 

^  laronjtcysf thelloth,  afid  ^pattietsmraHV^eir  vaitietidk  ; 
alfo,  ^fome  birds  of  beautiful  pluQiage,  among  o&er$ 
the  flamingo,  but  few  or  no  fmgingbir^s.  ^ 

Owemment,  ^c  ]  ,1PhtS  eolo4[iy  ^^^  immediately  un- 
der the  ftates,gehefalvtH^ilwAera^^ 
called  the  dit-^Qr8^.of  Surrinam,  a  comjpiany  fir  ft  form- 
ed by  the' ftate^enefaily  kit  fioir  ful^liyiig  its  own  va- 
canei|s.  Py  them  ait^'ap|)oint^d  the  governotif^and  ill 
ihe^^ip^  c^B$^lrs^%<^ciia  a^  lutein. 

'  tenoisf^iref'niKMint  euoMsof «l  gov^rnour^^sbfufyffme 
smi^  in^rtottf  council  :|r^^^  ^wwsmberripf  the  latter  asre 
^^en  by  the^vernonr  fmm  a  double  nbmmation  bf 
ttte^rincipal  tji^l^ttants,  ;i0(Kl  thoie  of  the  former  in  the 

'"Q^e  m/6ia»9*    '  l^y-^hefe  ^omtu,  ami  hy  a  iiwftf- 


■»wt- 


r 

then,  on  .««„T«f  it.  tt£I:5SLfS?  *"'  ^wdo"'-^ 

lift.  ri««^.*sKsr»^rf**'  "^^^"K- 


-  .1 


./eufh 


P^'"/  f 


^3^^ 


"»«r,  ioi«.i,-^fc,-|^^^' 


''    i 


490^' 


ABOlUGI^t^i;  kWBmtA. 


:^^0nrleY  that  gregt  vai&l  tS^t.^  to  which  it Bfing^ 
ibf  tcib»tett.hasvr«ceiTed  ixo|nr(^iDany  j^itf  owii  va^^ 
'^]s^Ib$i^'|0«  h^_  f^<|B^  hy.  i^DimisraMe  t^rcms  ; 
txrhi$h  ruMh  4oir^  m^ih  sutaievoif^^  ifOfetMofit^  m)in\t1be 
.^aAcm  dedhrity.of  the  An^es,  and  v^ite  ji^  ji  l^»cioiii 
phiin  to  form  this  inunefife  river.  -In  its  progrc^  of 
^^cd  9#»>  i||(  ieceiVet  theJwaters  ^.  a  ^nrodigkyas  num- 
^her  of  riven*  &)Sie  otvhic^  ieeiiiiev^NMB  Mr,  imd  ate 
irvery  broayd  and  deep.  It  is  interfperfed  with  ;in  infi- 
Vi^e  suinhe^fif  l^iii^whfck m,l^  often. overfipwed 
■p^MvSXip^  culture.  M  fi^s  ihfo  tiie  Atiantick  ocean 
^1^^  tbe  «||iator,  and  is  ther£  150  mites  broad. 

iUlmf^r^^^'^'^^i^iu  air  it  cooler  ia 

«vih|s  f<^»r  t^lfc  «c4i]d  hccxpefte^,  cofllfidcrih^  it  is 

vitttutcdmitS^Sk^(li(l^^  ^[^ll.^ar^' 

JI7  <>wing  to  the'^M'^vy  iatnS  ^hichiiea^i&bit^thl  ihven 

;*ftQ  ^cr£>«  thek  h»)lQi  ppifiJ^«oCth«  7earft,#i^  pardy 

to  th*eloAi4ifiMt,jf  tlje  weather^  #hii!h,M>fc#^  the 

.fn^l^  pair  :iC  t|he  ite  vh^  (s '  above  tlje  hqrizqn. 

ODntmg  the  rainy  Teiapti»ine  coulitry  ji  0|l||<Bllt  to  dread^ 

;f^  AoimisQftlt^  ' 

,,    Tiie  iou  IS  extremely  fnrtile^prodiidiig,  1^^  niAti, 

vpffd^^mle^ bs^nanas,  piantalntj^  'misija^  variety  of 

trc^ariiiiits  »  <:edar,  red  w^,pfl^,  tMii^,  lor  wb6|^ 

.,^I^ipi^eiribi|s  of  ^«»^ihg^  JoipW^Sah  to. 

,^c0|II^Kar  Ciines*  cottonV  potatoes,  baiiaOi*  hi^ner,  &C 

X^wools  abQUiid  i^ith  MgeTf,  wild  6^rs^.hui&lo« 

#ter«i)4  gpB^  of  varipti|i^n^|-    ThI  tmrs  sr^dl^ 

abound  wt^  0(h.     flere  »re  aup  fea  cows  and  tbrdo ; 

'hut  the  cTQ^Qfiiles  and  w^t  ^pents  rliid^4^ing^ 

.dangerous  empioj^n^^  ./ ;^   . 

;  mtmi'X     rhiSe  natl«»8,  ^ike  all  th^  qtfac^  Ameri- 

«ans,j|re  ^  a-go<>4  ft^rct,  ^^e  ha)idfi>iBpte  features, 

topgbUcklwr,an4ci»|)i^CQinple]^^  l^eyWe^^^f^^ 

to  &ve  a  tafte  forthe  tn^tative  a^ts,  efpeciaflyjpait^ing 

and  Molptitrcr  and  aajde^^i^ 

and  weave  cotton  :^th/  ^id  VailcT  thi;lr 

jwood  and^a;^  f  odip^h  thtito  s^lth    reed 


:  araii,  m  RfumiMi 


mm 


m 


hif>, 


bbCbtlimle  that  die  nibnarchteal  ionn 
')hii^#«taae4  almpft  imiverftlly,  hoth  ab 


tey  ipin 

'es  widi 

Their 

feveraL 
s'jitbc- 
govern- 
^  Che 


^«:^mmmm^  ^ittca; 


a9f 


3{^^*^f»<JeroM»riaEj.,  doubtlefi,  on  accouM^ 
-  i?M^"^y?*"*-I%  w^K*  which  diilifttaiai  the 


^e 


— *- 


-^■■5::'- 


EA1V^<3JttAi^ 


M 


*h^jS^- r^^^^^«^»  ^^'^^^^P«e«lt6 

-l^^i^^'t^^''^^^    ft  if  :t»hKS 
»M»iJ«Iuf^%  thf/Tftative^.    There  atie  hw^t« 

'  ^«^^  ■    ^i4%^  '^'''^  ^''  b/  the  laniards, 
^^^^»ncreafcdmiin<umatmg  decree:      -^ 

lrnl^?^^^*««??  » inhabited  bjr  a  vjirlet^  of 

wiQin  iiw  cQuwry  tal(^s^  lU  name.  They  are«xcccd. 
S  Wy>  ^W^c.  ai^d  a^fW.  wak%  ttfc  ^  their 
m^Mwhieh.  a^  bowt aad ^xrr6ws  headed-  with  ffints* 

«^  haife  9o,^rtaTn  Wom^t^  S^ih*  hairi;  r^-1 
aS3^  anf  dejireeateUie  wrath  al^  i^geaiK;^  ©Tihr 


m^mm  oBS^m^Atiom 


vron 


^i/TuUMEJUiJJr^ 


'1  A 


nttttrlw^  ocemlr  upD&>t]i«  l^i^rfl^      .h 

jH^giMMr^ptci^fiM  l^to  nudbe  Kf^t  mi^^e 

*  ilfed  aircm«irpri2^ngr,.av^r«iqfiit^%^^  a^ 

p  vrpofes  d"  GJirnage-a^iij^unsJep,  Actarm^Ymfcini^ 
of  barbarity  hm  betn  afted,  of  wlucli  S«m£.Atn<^ica* 
Im  been  tfee  pwftcifwl^  theatre  which  fliock*^  ie  tu^* 
rnaniEMiidi  ftHdaloioli  ibggeiisbelid;  No  ft^^Tet  ht<t* 
rj«  Spamlawfe  f*t  fowf  iipoft  the  Attjitrfbn  cohtineiit,' 
vb«)i  4licy  laiii  <»Mm  id  tht^feUv  to  the  mii^i 
fctiflcas^Gf  tke  fiiltivtB,  w^^reviejr  th^  clink    C<^|rie* 

was  attacked,  and  happt^  hid  iio  rfyicwr;  mip^ttfal ' 
andcnjcUy,  wi^  aH  ililFterribte  fcoarges,  attended 

r-    --'"!S-:r;T..:i«C3      ISS       „y«.»M      Bi**  yr    .        k  U«/      WCtH.  iuTIn,    VJiClF 

lie])?  dellFOyfdl 


nOctru^ky  was 


fC^*?^ 


jnti^  ufe  of/  to  SitUfy 


Wm  «0|^T»rAteRrCA» 


^h  awice.      Juaice  VMt$  difregirdtdw  and  merer 

J;l!r^r  "!r*^*R"*'™g-lfi»«^moft  &nmiMimt*o  the 
h^^Mr^cr.  In  SowUhAmtrica  OiS^om*  of 
T4»r»^5rp«t,  of  Ptro.  of^CltfU,  of  Pm™y3^B«^ 

lengthy  to !>t  »oftiitc<ii>a  wi»rk^f  thfe  kind*    r-/^. 

<^  Alrfkdimt ;  Utas  Jeave  (tefe,  Itftr.  4«?k.-^^ 
W  »««iip»IWMM.  ij»»r«  ipphich  erm  vbart  m^^S^ 

•wiac%  woicn  iftioqe.  fwit  .arc  ctowncd  wniiiiniK^^^M. 
M^rt^  »D*  a*d  ftop,  die  clcdf  in  th^rcMrfr 


r^■',' 


"Whe  hApltii^pi  tli»  moA  elleTiCid  point  iti  dit  fm» 
iM»  k,  ««»«t^gW  Mir.  CAlfoiy  iM#;^l^  V  The 
htf^t  of  t}^  )|iiHimtttnpMMB^,  i«^e  ««iti>n  ofB^rnet 
is  lo^  1 19  flee.  TlitrM»l|i^r^0^^ 
is  rs*»V8  ftw»  "I^  %%lit  o*t  the  €IiiiiaM»lficiD^  tlie 
Hmft  lBle*titcd  p^nt  W ^e  Afidiei,  h  >o»t»B>^«i  Uof 
AH  €4inp«rifoii,  the  ktglieft.Mrt^rt^  Airidct  is7,i&a 
Act  bigher  t&8nr«|Mr|ioile  of  i^A^itf^ia^ 


'  ;<•.  ■?,-"      'Mr,- 


».r" '  tii_i.!ii,iti,!i  I  I  ,1  iiVi'„,ii)'-f.,',..'r.' 

And  which, teb^ns  f^  i»k#tt  i^6!t^aH<jnf^ftd#i^ontf 
tj*  fix   E«i^««*ji#ifrti  ^^<J!^t#ib|Jttr  «6ain, 


V  .•^' 


♦-■-*., 


lSi;liit<i«li?  1^ 


Mi     ^ 

V,,,         \'Maff«hWii|,- 

«!irtitiit<^,        ; ::         S^e^ 


St.  Barthbloittew,  ' 


^* 


^vmwntmi^. 


^m- 


^% 


i   v.-  , 


.'#*»." 


»,.-:^- ftaifeii  >  ''^       *-     -Sib*.* '■  • 

Sti  Tliomas,  "^^    . 

«^f^$  P*^?*^;^^^^  A^  tfetr  lie  -witliat  tfcfttrtiMcks. 
"!*9  *^1V*  ^»'**H^  ww«rftr8rfeiiT««trifc«v&ort  aft^^ 
r*  !*^W^"«»;««<<'.to  an  extreii^e  aii^d  intolerable 

ta*tt^ai|»j.  «0»cern.  eren  under  the  meti^n  rZ 

|iiNtol^perw^j  jiPhtcrWow*  fipard^from  the 
land,  ajiiCj«rett  listwjj  ifarcentr*.  towirdi  the  fea.  to  aU 

ttfttow^^^c^k  of  canc<.r,ana  bSl^a 

^Iwl^l?^^   .     '^^  *''  and  refrcfil  ih,*c6an- 
J^^^^  the  hesm^ng  of  J^mary  ^  the  fattcJ 

i»S^fi^^^*  *^  only  drmnafort  of  i&sitt  in  ti» 

S?  te  no  c^d.  no  frofts.  nfr  feows,  and  batrarclr 
^lttl#;|hea<»rm*ofhaa  are 
2^¥«f'  lwia)eii,  and  the  haiiaones  very  i^eataad 


j^^t<jiii^i>.^ 


lw«^|^<»fdli^^  im4  t&t  haft  d|)^giV*et ift  natisi^, 


moft 


^ 


mamAwmjsm:^immm 


'L 


r.  ^le  iflawdir'  o^  the  W«ft^{niliet  iWiii  the  iiornt  ofah 


>,  ,         /'v^  ,■     r-'    *  •,    ._  :  .-.     .,    -■•,,     <         ,-   _,,^.:.y.,/  ... 

^         ,"■■■■   T'l-,     .     '  1  ■  .  ,  f  ■    '  ■     t 

AlP»cTic«»i8  186 ikiil«s  long,  /<i|4  Oaii^roiid  jjorah  pviA 

IbriD,  Jyii^  b«;fcw<^fl  i  7*^^  345  N,  t«.  add  i^nt  the  loi|- 

gkude  of  FhUad^ta. 
Jamaica  »  divided  into  c^^sbuntii*  <^^ 

Siirry  and  Cornwall,  trlii^  ^1^^  ^?<f^  yf^f^  ^^ ' 

Jpojooo  negrf)cs.  ■'  ' 

This  ifland  is  interieAed  ^itfc  a'  ii<%c^  ftecp  rbcfcl, 

from  which  iflue  a  vaftnaniber  of  Ana^rt^t'oifpur^' 
"^whoUfome  water,  which  f?iU  dbwn1n;tc^rad»,lBii|  to-^ 

gether  wi^  the  ftbp^doiis  freight  b^tli^indfi^ 
.  and  th«  bright  venlure  of  the  W^  through  wfiich  *»jr 

flow,  form  a  mbft  deM^tfuI  landfcaj** 

rhe  lojjgeft  diayb  ftimnler  ii  about  13  lioi»s,  and  the 

diurtfft  in  winter  about  c^yen;   but  the  moft  i|f!ial  df • 

wlifti^I  ^f  th-   isafrvn*  !ii^£  W^ft-ladieii  af^  iwtb  the 

dryland  wet  icaibns*    '-■'■ '^;-T\ '•  "  / 

Sugar  (i  the  grea6ift  and  iAo  ft^^^^e  |iMtia{<^ 
of  this  ifland»    Of  this  article  was  exported  to  Great- 


^•y!*  T"?**  *T^  i»*»f|tO  fliptible,  amrlittdi*  yMdt  m 

j^briA«rfg<ftig«*  iKrth  ififo#^^ 

tr«t,  v/hofvWmMFMif^iWMr  i^  wwpoftioriwtfllliiif  j^ 

GaiiM»coiti,pettor»»Moti#  i^<ll^  wftfe^fwiky  J 

|P»w,  «Mli^i%fdrUiid«  of  h^n\mimJSm0nSt 
lit  mt^rkmf^§!^igtm%  . .      . .    •  >  T^-^ 

j»i^su^  tiaiiip^  «i))ifli^#»  fOt^c^ 

<up^oifc  tiAbtnit  the  fftrrft^ai^to  place  i»f  M  dze 
coiOdbcco^^ju-ed  to  thiif  town?5r  trad»>/wi:altfe,  and 

m^w^ar^an  east^aiOb*,  w4M  i^^  the  whobifl^ 
aadio  itfclbpcfcitiQPs,  i«tally^t)ver^li^m«l  tte»  eity.  ib 

towe4^^«fa«ta^  of  tBe  Kouft^         twt)  tftotifkiwl 

Pf.lplCfc.    Tbfi    water  o'l^sd  1!bit  f*Aln  «-*^>*~;i»*~rva  '.^^ 

«h«  earth,  and  ti^bkd  the  |»e<iple  oa^ci^ 


d»wa  t0vtli»  «it<iH«idi«d  4iclifrtv»p^«|tf«d  with  a^eir 
AM»^ftalmM«t^  iM  «N»«^%iMic4  Id  death. 
W^v^mi^alMlM  s  tlKMolbii  a«m  weie  fiiajt,  with 

mm  f'ni%m9m4BkH^tmm^nm^  4iied  ui^  kn%  po 
tojfei  *ert  leeik  la  £[»•  p«rti»  moalMaiint  i^«.  rpKr# 
•M  atjM  jiiMr  a.|d«iitatt<Mi  was  rcin»ftd  to  the  dif^ 
m^  m^m^  ^nifF«9U»C«Miikth£cK|^bittit  waa 
•^coiul  im^^^A  ytwt  -after,  dUkroywi  lip  »  9«e«ii$rr. 

tlieti^t^biiiMit  onee  JBoref  aiid  once  iiHm^  in  lyia* 
II  wa.  W%nifchifli.rby?«  h«»fie«<ll,  fl»  injjft  IWf iWc 
cm  T^Qf^,,    Slidi40»iie«i^  ^^«»>^f«iffl^  to  1^^^ 
oat  M»j»^i»J««^  »*^*r^       ^theJnh^hii^nii  there- 
foreiiftiiidUo  IMOi^ll^iiirti^ 

.^*f W  mm$ilt^i^tm^^nfmt$4»  of  one  *hOy^ 
^hiwifetex^  ^MiEMr  fmoriPngftdn  (^mk  ik^go  de 
la  Vega,^«  %«^|httowni.wWeh,.^^  iafe* 

f^«f/«.*W«a«^  w^  the  csi|^«f i|aiii»iai,  and 

isltrll  the  rfat^.9iHNtNf^«ijt»«i)^th«^e^   wher«  the 
«outi5  of  jaftfc*  are  fa^^       r      r  -  ^  .      ... 

This  iikaid^iu  o^'^ll^.a  >art  qf 4lte  SpiBuiR  ero^ 
wrc^^piCTMjag    If  «Mfrrodi|ire<t  m^  the    Britifli 
^omfmoM^i^  i6f$r  :a^  fines  hai  hofn  fiibjeftto 

ttic  £ftg[nA&^^.  llic  geweit^ldei^^  it  iir^ne  oCthc  rich- 
m  piace«ae«  i»ito  fif  In^andy^in  the  dtfpifal  of  ih© 
crown,  the  ^mMg^  ^lar^  bekg^  %5«3lv  p«r{  anVtam> 
aSBd  the  afl«nihl]rc»|Hnis>n)f  voting  tlu:  gov«mour  as* 
much  morj  j-  which,  ^frWiAe  other  ^^qoifitts.  make 
H  on  tfav^^h^ue  little  iafcri^inr  to  lo^iooL  per  annuni* 


It^ 


'  .^![^5$  <N^cf«  ««ft  Ibn^udfrand^ 


-  N 


fDir^  |i)r^Mkii#«o(||Kiil  totlMlrliowwr  rftrilitr 

55t«*»  *  iittk  bcfera  ikki-^  MtffJit*  ^mr  to  crm 

^TUT^  .  ?*«^«»«»»  <rf^t«  WMi  in  cMeq««Bffe 

^thtlfjjalflN  ftiU»ifflibcfiMdv«tid|.iQ  rt76lit4t 

^pofeditotiliiif  ««m5effpwj«Blte^     wWBOft,  wklS 

'  WJ'J^  WW!  foiooo  «ihiiii»  «u»U  iUf 

tow,  i»  amK,  or  anyr  4>^|igft  o£  cht^iMria  jodl  ^ 

-^-^B>^  wminl  «ztK»f^  tt^  this  tinie,  in  foglr,  indwo, 
gii^r  a^cton,  «i|iie^ro»  «Piiter,  wcfe  aboa$  f  ffdjoool. 

mond^iwie  lut  been  nmcli  oi^tlii^4edliie.      Tfctii- 

«iimi>wi,«t |ird«iit|  are^iind  tote  tcMxift  ivKitM,  «iitf 

^o»>fl*j^  jfc«i^^,^^       Bti%«cw«i,   While 

W  flof  ttfftijir  tefidi*,  #liofe  es^ynieiie  it  fiiid  to  be 

ffrth  |,oodt  pef  miraiik    l^Mvlmvt «  ^ottcKe.  fimnd- 

id^d wdl^ftddwed  by.e«^  Codriigt<S^  was* 

jatiw^of  thisifland.     fkuhtdomt  Mt  w^  u  hm^ioL, 

bat  loured  ttucfa  by  hmrietiia^^M  mad  die  nlairfie. 

•^4r#.  C»rj/«(^wV.    Tbii  akmdi corittnonly  caAed -by 

Ibe  failtjrt,  St  KittV  ii  fittiaied  in  ^a    degrees  weft 

tengittide,  and    17  degrees  north  Jatitude,  about  i2 

'i^««  fi«>«»  Attttgna,  ttulli  lontiletloiig  and  7  broiu^ 

mtbaaits  nane  ftoinii^  %ii^^  €okiaw 

^^twbodifcoretcd  ii^the^S^iard^  •  'FhaCnitidiH 

'««^^^i«batsdontd<it  »lniworl3ly  their  atteMioft  f 

aiiMii  i6i6.  it  was  fettled  blithe  Fssesh  «»^,]g»>^i:n: 

;S^<^'r  r  hot  e*«if^  cededto  the  ktter  by  theiwace 
«(^#te€elN!*    a^ttei  c^en,  gingen.  mi  |he  ^fpic^ 


4^^ 


£'!!fc!^f'?^!?^L?^  ^*49Tw^)»|iii^^ 


» If  Mupmmm^tmf  #Ay.   t*  iwi^  one  ^yiTbtS 

gad  iB  in  We94tb.  U  t»  v<t<|r  ftuitfia!.  It  imkm^^' 


iliw-^r^ 


'^.Vli 


«-.*• 


'IWM    JH  ■  ^.trt^-    il^aijAk 


Liiiii.   iif_ ' A^g^a^jjsLs:^ ^> ' 


"WS"-»S 


Tpfi  iii9#b;tiMit»  jtinoimt  tb  about  i  $oo. 


^    y 


.^^W---4i*, 


'viKS'^ 


> 

s. 


feaif  iUct  *  ^^^^r?^r  ^  ''  'fl^nd »«  per. 

tSUttfe        ««'>'**•  »«'«*fce«.  wifl^eWM the  / 


tVf  t'"A-l  > 


SPANISH  WEST4NP1ES. 

^fuljkadeirCmX^,  «fu»cd  betwe«|i  IqO  Mid  »*•>?:. 
1^  .,  *  *'^*  *^d  between  74^  awd   89®  W 

£3^         ■        laiaica:.  and  1. n^ArTl^^Zi^^' "^ 'r**^"  75  ««€» fifc of 


u,.< 


I      w.aVi4V.*^v 


with ^  nuiftb*!' jC4i^^  M. 

j^, French,    I|  iiiH^F  to^T  ji/lj W.*a«*lf  <4^  Eo- 
pariiola  is  cqoainohly  rtgaarq^d  as  a  Spanim  iwUfj^i  ^.^ 


,•* 


«0ir|ii^  by  ed!^f^f,"ll^c>jMp5|^^.<^ 


jSe,,  fir^ducii^  fugar,  ^pttxm^f  J9idigo,H^obacc0r|^% 
atnd'cailkvardpt^' '^  "  "  ,.'  *;„; ,,.,  ^;,  .  *i  ■„  r  oj 

T|[e  n^o^  ahcitcuE,  tp\|irnin  tli^  i4^^,^ndin.^9^^ 

snericat  built  by  <£uuropean^,  is.  St.  Jpomin^Q.  .  jLt  i$  a 

:  S()pi>|ib^^wn^„a^^  Jffis.,  fou^e  Qp- 

.  luni^as,  bi-Qtber  to  the  admiral  in  i5i?4,r,>^o^  ga|rf^ijt 

tbac  naone  in  honour  of  his  father  u^mick,  jsmd  by 

which  the  whole  ifland  is  fometlmes  liamecU/:;/.  w.  '      ' 

The  principal  French  town  is  Cape  Francois,  the  cap- 
ital) which  tu)9taihcd> before  iu  df^ttru^ion  in  i79^> 
^bout  8.iiOo  Mitnin5M(f  ks.        = 

rl'h^  folliji^yring  is  a  ftat^roent^  of  the  produce*  popula-, 
i^oh  »M  cotciikmee,  of  tke  Fi^e^ch  ^qio^y  of  Hi^m<^)a, 
.  In, the, year  ifiS%  j  .  White  people,  2 7,71 7.    iFree  ped- 
'  nil  orcoiburit^iiwpoir  rSiiEv«il»,  405,5*0. 

'       '•      ■-■■-■    ■•     ;• '  *     •     \    -     ,   '      '•     *>  ■•'■"'.(■  'a 


Pror 


*"   ^  *  > ,  .  -  *  Pf^^f^^P^^^^nPorU^  fa  Frantic 


igfOOQ,Qo^h.  brut  fiigilrs,.,  I       ,   -<     ^.r,^    . 


Mflrgaretta,  'Situated  in  64  degrees  W.  long,  and 
l^x^  30'  N,  lat.  feparatecf  from  the  northern  coaft  of 
N6w. Andalufia,  ia  Terra-Firma,  by  a  ftrait  of  24  milef, 
and  IS  ab6eit4<^  mtles  in  length,  and  join  breadth  ;  and 
5j^^  *l**y*  tf^^ia^t  aiFords  a  moft  agreeable  profpedl. 
*   The  ^fland  abbands  in  pafture,  maize  and  fruit. 

.T!***^*  *^  »aT»y  other  fmall  iflands  in  Lhefe  feas^  *6 
Wch^lhe  Spaniards  have  paid  no  attention.  We  ftall 
therefore  proceed  round  Cape  Horti  into  the  South  Seasf 


m 


fikwrsH  ys^t^^tntnti 


Urtieic  tltt  fir$  ^^aiuC  I9an4  oli'^M^4mp<>>t>B*cW. 
Chiloe»on  the  eoaa  of  (JhUlr which  Jbi  ?Lgpvtfiio\tr,  . 
«MI<>neh«rb^«in»cailorttilcd.  Jr^ . 

Jmm  Ftmamksjf     lying  in  8  3  degrees  W .  long,  and  \ 
;  S.  kt.  joo  miles  wea  of  Chfli*  ^is  jfland  is  inin- 
>ited>lj^'  having  iqm«  goodharhoars,  it  is  found  ^ 
dtremely  conyenient  m  gthie  ^neliih  cnrizen  to  tonch 
at  and  ^'  -     *        ^         -    -     -       - 

rife 

feems  .       -,  -  ,,__.-^-^^-,^ 

flu«^  ii^  thtt^  fi4>tas]r  fl^ice  l^  his  eapt^ln,  wharchf  ^ir- 
cd  foe  roma^  .fcari,  WHil  heJf^b  di&oitted  by  captain . 
waoda  J|o^  in  ^jOf  w^«n  ^ken  «n  he  h^l* 
aoft  'forgotten  mi,  nati?e  langiii^'  H«« was .d»«flci 
^  goats'  ikii|t»  and  wonld  drmfc  nothing J>i?t  water. 
During  his  abpdc  inih^  iijiaml  he  |»ad  kHIiS  icp  goats, 
which  ne  ^tnghthy  tunning  them  ^own  j  :^h«  n^arjif- 
cd  as  inany  jo^protoa  t]:^«ar,^  w^iicb  he  Ijct  go.  So^Vof 
f^it  were«litght  |Q ycarsirftet,  hy  I-i9rd  Anfon's  peo- 
f¥  I  |heir>eneral>jj%:..a%B^  hciuds,  0. 

covered  ftronglyiBptonnscfantiqiQttf.t    i 

SeUEirIt  upon  J^.murn^  to  £ng»n^^aji  advifcd  to 
fublini  ^n  account;<^%  Uft  aiid  alventttf  e*  In  his  litfle 
fttngdoio.    lie  Ji  $iid  ca  hai^  put  ||is  gapers  Into  the 
hands  of  Baniejll^y^topi^p^  yieii),M>r  publfatton. 
^iirt  that  writv  by  t]be  hel|^^^t^^ 
tencf,  transHrtned  Al^aaii^ei  &UffJl.mi$^'|tfibin^ 
Crufoe.  and  retmmwl  Selkirl^  %  paperi  (||^»  To  that 
the  latter  derived  ^iKk  advantage ,  fiftim  i^b^    T^ey 
were  probably  too  jndtgeiled  for  p|i])liea%Mi|  and  I>k- 
Ibe  might  derive  litdeijir^m  them  btit  t^ofe  l^ifkU  w|*  *^ 
might  gi?e rife  to. his  own  celebratkd  performiiact* 


h  i 


}ng.  vnd\ 
lisiain-  . 
is  founds 

to  touch    ; 

Pggi^n 

captain. 

lirefle  J 
tC  water. 
p.goaiUy 

ja'speo- 
ktclS)  dif-  ' 

hrlfcdto 
his  littk 
^ntotliie- 

^f|t|Q|l, 

Lobrnfen- 
» fo^at 

Tbcy 
»nd  D«- 

s  wl 


\/|T  ^J**'** .  «^dr  mentioned  the  Freodi  colcwf 

igmfiigo,  at  tB«nio(rii^portaiiit  afalthe^ 
%^^n'»-  ,^e  «»in  next  proc^  to  tht  iHaii^  of  whlcC 
m  Sfllfel^ wf^h  Ro^ffion*  l»%»nn?Pg  With  thS 


cl»imed  hy  Sweden 


196 


-f 


H^.:^^^V^;'-^^.'W'l-i.->^'^:^3 


^v    -«>  . 


■>:■' 


mrtm  WEST^!N1»ES, 


/ 


W.  ton*  poet  tirec  iMgUM  iiQit(kW(;A  of  ^t.  Cbri^^i%tr^ 

t)i«  Isa  H](|#  p^alnfdt  aii4  alJoioft  touii^-   BiiiiiiQiij;^  fi) 
tli«Haii4ln|oii^ei)iehtlv  laid  o^^^  todn(^qr 

^ tile Duttit have  made  lltu'iti  to T^'goiiHliiiecooifei 
and  it  is  0tid^  to  eonurfit  Si^y^^'f'^l'o^i^^^Jl^^ 

The  fides  6fUiei^nn£KH^#t^la^d  out  in  ^tiy  pret- 
ty ftttleiDiefits )  bat  tKef  Bavi'Jitids^^r^  iMw  #^^^^^^ 
ers.     They  arife  bef>e  fugar  and  to|^$eed<        '  . 

Curafiui  fttimted;  ih  twelve  degl^es  ttorth^  1^^^ 
10  leagues  fto%  l^e  tominent  of  Terra'  Firma,  is  30 
miles  ^ng  and ,  t  o  broa<IL  It  feettis'  k%  if  it  wer«  fated 
Ibil  the  tngcntiitf  and  paiieilce  of  the  HoIIiuid<r* 
fliotild  every  vrhefeiboth  ia>£iu>ope  and  Anevi^i  he 
,tiDpld;||red  in  fighting  ag^ft  an  iinfriendly  foil  i^or the 
iflaad  ts  not  only  hc^ii  and  dependent  on  the  tains  ier 
iu  water,  but  ththarbonr48  natinrally  one  of  die  word 
in  Ai)QeTica,yeC  the  Dutch  have  entirely  retn^ied  that 
defed  ;. they  have  4pon  this  harhoor  one  of  theilaige(l^>' 
and  hy  far  the  mm  elegant  and'  cleanly  towfit  in.  the 
.Weft-lndies.   -    -'■•'■  t^"  ■      ■•-■  ''''--^ ';':'"■,'"■'  "^t-^  ^ 

iThe  trade  of  Cttrairbii,.eTen  h  time  of  peaee,  is  f^d^ 
to  be  aniraaHy  worth  tb  the  Dutch,  no  lefs  than  500,0001. 
But  in^  time  of  war  l^e  pofits  are  ftill  greater,  for  theft 
it  becomes  the  commoi|.eAifiori^nr^me  W«ft-indies:i5 
it  affords  a  retreat  td  A|ip$.  of  all  nadons>  and  refafes' 
none  of  them  9x10^  aiid^  amflgonition.     The  French 
eome  hither  to  buy  bee^  pork,  oonif  Jbur,  and  lumber,- 
which  are  brougntft^oni  the  tailed  States,  or  exjported> 
Man  Ireland  v  %  that  whether  in  pme  or  in  war,.tbc- 
trade  oivthiis  i0and  fiburiiheSi  ^^ 


;!Wfet)iStoVfettBj^' 


^Mr^, 


Sfi'TtemMti 


^i!A!lli:i.Mi;i  .?:■&¥  i!- 


.^ardj#*smet  hr^ii^;  »n<^  «|a«*  or  four  wh«*^ 


T0msxiaei 


i.-^. 


"-'-  "•  '1  'j  1  ir 


■*'.;'  !■■*» 


^^P' A    i%^'^^'"^  »^«  ^f"atp4  beWecn  theiaft- 

tjs.     fhey  ^(«jd.lhcm^«l^iM^  wJMta  ▼fry.7«jiiis*  with  ' 
fte  cowfeft  flcO..  and  for  ihemoft  p^t  raw?    iFan  in. 
^t  cric^,^^d^^thcip  4»rrt«|  irjto  th«  ife»^de,.and 
Whetliewlye  fui!l!5J«)fJ(jT  wmter/hc»W«  it  naked  in  tbt 
jat^u^i^.is  quiets  Tliis  cfiftttte  is  &  laril^  do. 
mm  clJiWren  aiijl|{ftt,iltati|  hardens  t^aia^ A|he 
i^S?**!  ^^''d:  they  a^cot^insltf  oc  harafft*A-->dL  j^^Ss-r*^    n. 
r*nter  wfthom  t£e  ieaSftcoI^eni<?nc«.    TlSi^Talil!- 
Wv^e^^s  them    t0.  fbJcidc  t   the  apprehenfiort*. 
©f*vfen  aniMiccmia-^«il,oftw^J«adi  ihem  to  defpai^ 
IJJj^j^y  P^^f  a»  «d  to  their  days  ^1^  great  appateat: 


^- 


:^, 


'fMMiH^fftJflFiir 


?.*#il 


TSif  Beie^JlfinHn  The  Atitelope  P«cke|  (belofij;^ 
to'tbe  £^^•i|«Kf#|>Vlnr  one  of 

1l»6m  in  Ai^ymr\7*i-  ^0*  ««  ja^^  of 

^abdi,  br^pbuti  Vntlbn  -w^  eoniiintnded  th(£ 

[  0  ^^^B&im^umM^XS^      i¥and 


, 'iTiCjBotc^iimei^is  ipiiohsil-clitesil,  an|tfi^  kjag  ftaWS. 
ltttt;mteo|^^^ 

ohSheftMicfe;  thi^y  #cre  tcc«^^^ 

-  ^  tHgreateft  hld^lrffi^ aiiiT  J^^ 
departure  eipecteiic^  the  utlndftreooriefy  ^Ad  atteh'tida. 
V  TfeeiM  '6ui^|«og!f  ^ere-diarejRi  and  i'i  ttinfe- 
4|uenci^r^iirinfed  t^^  fhonl^  ffiai^?%atmnffief  haJTo 
give,  it  wat  nbi:  thit  wdrtdly  imiJiSfi^cie,  that  bcftd^s 
and  Ipreads  ^HvfiBfi'  Wtl)  4  4*f^'?f  ,«>«  *»  rctributiOii. 
It  waii  the  p^-e  lii^mibn  of iMfi  »bieV(dence.    It:«iras 

"lite  Ibfcbf  fnsiltt  to  mail. "  It  was  a  fCene  tfe^^  PiAu*es 
Iwtoft  natur^^^  irt  %4»inph!<«t'"<^blb1^Ing  ;  aird^f^ 
#eir  Iiberaffty  gmlll^d  the  ftnfc,  ^ken  iF»itme'  feilk 

' -Ife  ^heart^^^"-^'-"^   -■'■  -.■'--■.^^■-.  -■:-  '^'--.«'- 


./ 


J4«>?  i«? ^hd  H'**  iB'l^r;  Ion:  ^om  Lbn^oh.    Ilftftr 
-p^?y*Rli§^ljitr^-fei:h  Id^pt. tft«^     rtarii«ias 

•l^c  iifiiWelks-lfl5ind»V  aT«f'fivriA^*numBcr,  ■IVi 


w^  dUfcolr^rt^^^        Cit^tslln'W^,  o^iB 


f S^of  Jii^e,  i7<Sf     h   is    fittiitteil  between 


•  A 


dnynhfino^aiUe  (b  AmerfcaM,  as  (m  tWs  day;  (^A^t,  r;;*-) 


.  \-"' 


iiEirijrscoviiRfks; 


1^ 


'Wl^l^'wdft  long.    SiNrn«.  ftarti  of  OtJiliei^  are  vctr  ' 
nuaber  of  iiA^^^^ii^^^;^ 

»WtteiM<^fta^y  W»fl|.alb^  ^oI«  bo^iet  m  roiintt|. 

wtr.  bm  at  tbe  fame  umjp  acknowit^g*  i  variety  of  ^ 

a^ftpatate  ftate,  ^whcre  tbere  aw.two^  mi?aMfl»W  ^(M 
ftijnt  ,degrfti  ^Clisil^ip^.    Qtlb^ic  i&isiiit  to  6e  able  . 

.  W5^  ^^'W*  fo^,M^  SiJ- 

^Jyjrej5,di«covcrcd  by  €!apt,  ''--»-  ^^  «^-  -    -  -- '  ^ 


bjr  CM»t,CooM»^  the  year  177^  09  af c^iibj^M  the 
beat:  An<.jlifl«»»rt».  ««»»-.- li^;'»u--  ^L'-.-t**.'  -:_«•*  l^'*^,. »-.'? 


'J^^tft^K^  fit  wbkh:^M 


.  fc^'T***  ^^^^i^F'^  C6pfc,  ip?ho  ;fei|^  rpHod  it,,  it  (I 
Wjjrby-a  ftwht^si.  1^5  fcagwe*  brM.    th<y arc  Htiti 

f  g^^lcnt  a  n|^y^aM;qr  aii4  commaiidefv  ^ 


TV^.A  ■ 


/ 


T'X  <       ■'    ■  '  . 


^WrPm'^m}^' 


Htg<:Ciila|0.  m  the1bii;thetn Tactfiilyexcept  Nt^  Zea- 
I^li^;  thejfii^of  G<^it»l ;'  ana:  s^iitilc^V^  cH^iC 
^ich    lie:  n<^<Re<r  '«aM«^cV  tat^'  the^  'm^ 


y 


9wff)Iay9*^F\^*s>  oia  raver  tor^jDecqmms  mn^cmta,  pi 


g,mti 


•NEW  DISCOVERIES. 


-ju 


■  b.^^*jtrj"^*^%  ¥»»««''^-n«d  not 


..-■*>/ ^  "f 


"^  •      ^  7. 


.■*'^lT 


»ti 


EUROPE. 


•*%J  r6M  AmiTk^  we  |m4  to  tBe  Eaflcra  Continim, 
-ET   *n  the  defcFiTtioii  of  which  w  begio  W4th  £im»pe. 


:..StTVATlO»  AMD   EX,T-&NT. 


'  r  I  o*W:  «t  6^E;  Ion;  fr.'  Loo. 

n|^ 


mm0fi*t^  B<mnde(&  A6hh  bj-tlile  Froaieir  0«at  j 
Wf  by  Afiai  J  fouth'Tjj^  thft  Medild^mjCW  Sea  j  weft, 
1}V  ti)«  AlUmicie  Ocedtit  ifi^hteh  iepj^ntes  it  Frotn  A- 

ikier^c^^. 
E<6t>|>eiiti^^li4il;^*t**fiye  <|ttar|ef  6^   lh4ft  globe, 

r-comal^ng  Mj  aiboiit'f li6l!7i'^4  fljuif^  toaes^vhereft 
th^  habitable  part*  of  the;  .world  in  the  pth«rvquartefs, 

.  areeflimated  at  «6,666,8o6  fquare  milei.  Here  the 
0xt&  of  uUHty  and  ornament,  the  fcicnccsj  both  military 
and  civil,  have  been  carried  to  the  greatel^  perfeflion. 
If  we  except*  Aeeariieft.  ages  of  thewotld,  k  is  inEa- 

;  rppethai-we  find  die  greatcft  variety  of  ^arader,  gov- 
^rrnnent  and  nianners,  and  from  whence  we  draw  the 
greateft  number  of  fa^s  and  memcffials,  both  for  ottr 
entertainment  and  ioftrudion 

Befides  wfiwrfifM,  in  wjiich  one  man  bears  the  chi*f 
iWay,  there  are*  in  Eurppe,  <ir|^r«.-wx,  or  governments 
of  the  nobles,  wd  Jemoeraciesi  m  goveuiments  of  ibe 
people.  Venice,  til!  the  late  revolution,^  was  an  exam- 
ple of  the  former  j  Holland,  and  fomc  ftates  of  Italy 
and  Svtitzerland,  afford  examples  of  the^ater.    There 


■  StiW  ssst^s 


cdtoap^y  oaecUlf* 


EVROPi:. 


3^13^ 


The  cJifirtiaft  rfcUgtJon  is  efi#li(Il#d  thr ontfhoat  eftrr 
pan  of  Europt,  excej>t  Tafk«y.,  btit   (torn  tbe  vafiottV 
capac.ti«ofthe  bumnn  mind,  aftd  tlw  diflferem  Ibhts 
in  irhich  fp*<Jiikilti4r  opirttensare  sipt  to  appear,  ^^cW 
viflfVedbyperftHilof  diflfe*tnt  educations  andpaffioiWrf' 
that  religion  is  divided  into  «  rt««nberof  dttferent  ft«J'  ^ 
but  ixrhiiih  m^f  ft«  cohipreh^indtd  wider  thfete^  jrwiei'al 
dtJrtonjrnjitions :  ift,  thtf  Of t6k  chttirch  i  2d,  the  Roma*t 
CAtholJck  j^  and  3fd,  Pfmrfftai«r«l  J  whiefc  laa  is  ajraiii' 
divided  mtoLutberanifm  and  CaWinifm,  fo  called  frbift 
Luther  and  Calvin,  the  twro  diftinguiflied  reformers  of 
^    the  16th  century. 

The  number  of  Roman  Catholicks,  before  the  French 
Hc^oltiiion,  w^.  cnimatej  at  9*^,000,000  ;  the  number 
^i  J^<>tc{iiitiXi  sit  about  24t66€ft066. 

The  languages  of  Europe  a^e  derived  from  the  fiV 
folFowmjr  J  l^e  Greek,  Latiii.  reut^nfck  br  Old  Cir-' 
ttian,  the  Ce|kick,  SclavonicSr,  and  Gothick. 

The  arnaies  ofall  the  countries  in  Europe  aibount  t<»' 
IW  two  miffionsof  men  ;  fo'tftat,  fuppofing  14a' 
nftHions  orinhabitants  in  Europe,  no  more  ifiaVrioT 
UreVhol*  p^ptttatlon  are  fi)l«te»i.  ^^ 

The  greateft  part  of  Europe  being^iitnated'aSbvc  tU' 
4^Ch  degree  of  northern  latitude,  and  even  its  moft'foiitfcV 
ernr  provinces  befrig  far  diltanl  from  tbe  torrid  zone^  tfie' 
gW8fcs  of  organiaid  bodies  ai*  much  fefs  numerous  Jn' 
Europcrthan  in  the  other  parts  of  the  globe.     Tlius,  f6r 
^  uMstoc^  upon  an  equal  nttiftber  of  fquart  iftile*,  th^r^ 
numbet^©f  fpecies  of  quadrupeds  in.  Europe,  is  to  the 
ndmber  of  them  in  Afia,  as  i  td  a  j-,  to  that  m  America. " 
as  rio  if,  and'  to  that  in  Africa,  a!r  1  to  lo.  and  tlie 
number  of  the  vegetable  ipecie*  in  the  other  three  dl- 
vihons  ofthc  globe,  is  greatly  fuporiour  to  that  in  Eu- 
wpe.    Bwr  na«ui<i|ias  cnrichefd  Europe  with  cviry  fpc- 
cies  of  minerals  ;  diamond?  and  platina,  peiliaps,  Ac- 
cepted.   Gold,  th(f  .firft  of  metals,  is  not  found  in  Ett'-" 
rope  m  iuch  abundance  as  in  the  other  quarters  ot  tne' 
1^'ri  ^j*^«^^»  as  the  Euftjpeati  nations  have  the' 
ftiU  x)f  faafcrng  the  beft  ufe  of  their  hatural  produaions.* 
aiW  have  taken  cjrre  to  tranft>lant  into  their  own  foil  as ' 
ffiany  of  the  foreign  productions  as  their  nature  will 
permit,  Europe,  upon  the  whole,  muft  be  allowed  t6 
be  one  of  the  richeft  parts  ©f  \U  glob^ 


^14 


EUROPE. 


The  gretteft  part  of  E  V)pe  it  under  the  influence  •f 
a  cHmatCi  whicb*  being  tempered  with  a  moderate  de- 
gree of  cold,  forms  a  race  of  men,  ftrong,  bold,  ^Aive 
and  ingenious  i  forced  by  oece^ty-io  miUce  the  beft  ufe 
they  can  of  the  Angller  fliare  of  vegetable  and  animal 
tccafurei,  which  their  foil  produces. 

Gr0nd  Dhifiwumd  FopuUthnA  The  following  u- 
bit  exhibits  the  extent  andpopujatioo,  real  and  com- 
PJ'^Mff,  .«frti«.fvfral  grand  diT|iumi  <>£  5ur<^pe,  in 


TA^LE. 

ArcM  ol^ 

OrandDivifioot  of  En*     thefc  OatM 

rope.  in  fq.  Miles.  . 

Ruffia,  (in  Europe)  i»i 04,976 
Sweden,  ,209,393 

Denmark,  iH  3,400 

Poland  and  X<ithvania,  160,800 
Germany,  ,193,000 

The  kindgdcon  of) 

PruiSaalone,    $       *'»'♦♦ 

IVance*  i63»3oo 

Holland,  10,000 

Great.  Briuin  and  \       .^^  ^.^ 

Ireland  J       Aop,9»8 

Switzerland, 


} 


GaliciaandLodo-' 
miiia, 

Italy. 

Portugat, 

Hungary  andTran>t 

fylvania^  J" 

jSpaud, 
Xurlcey, 
England  and  Wales  1 

«one,  J 

Auftriiia  Monarchy, 


15,396 

30,480 
90,000 

93,113 

148,44* 

i8a>i6i 
50,000 

189,496 


Iflh.  in 
•Population,      taoh 
fq.  milCi 


30,000,000 
3,000,000 
3r30«,000 
8,500,C<^ 

Jt6,OQ0,00O 

4I»5OO,OO0 
114,800,000 

a,36o,poo 
1 1,000,000 


8« 

»4 

13 

53 
'55 

67 
109 


117 


J  1,800,000' 
1i»»©o,ooo 
yB.  Rutoer,'         ^ 
l2,8oo,cooj    ^3« 

16,000,000 

3,000,000 

5ni  70»ooo 

101000,000 
7,000,000 

{7,000,000) 
Medium  \ 
»^*6"^090 


180 
65 
56 
68 

140 
19$ 


Iflh.ia 

1. 

■  taeh 

fq.  mile. 

X> 

>« 

30 

»4 

>o 

t« 

^ 

53 

>o 

«35 

30 

67 

x> 

'^» 

)o 

136 

30 

109 

30 
JO 

117 

I3« 

>o 

180 

>o 

65 

30 

J^ 

30 

68 

30 

38 

30' 

n 

[    »40 

EK> 

1^9 

EUROPE.  .,^, 

Europe  hai  reduced  to  Ui  fub'ictf^lon  a  !»*•»  «a^  ^/ 
the  other  quarter,  of   the  «rorK  X^«  -"  ^»'*^ 

pud  from  Euro^i'x  ss's"  tt.'^rpred''"," '::s: 

»nd  Uw  Indian.     It  give,  1,»,  ,„  „„,  ^  *  half  Afia 
W  the  greater  part  of  the   coaft  of  Africa  an3,„  a     ' 
al  interiour  coaatrie.  of  conLVrrfle  A't^^,  '",'*?'■ 
"carljr  half  th.  Inhabited  world  bo^.:  'Cop.'.  "  "'" 

lUdafit.  of  th,  Briti/h  ifle.  ^„p.  ,^,^„ 
lowing  prindpJTiflandfc 


»  theKonh.'i;   ,     . 
crnOrcao.   } 'wand. 

Ecahod.Punen.AIfen, 

I  Wcdom,  WoUin,  • 

I  Mnjorca, 
.'.Minorca, 
1  CorOea, 
I  Sardiaia, 

Colfof  Vcn.ce  ^iou.a,  Z.nt,UucldU,\ 
fCandia,  Rhodes,  Ne-") 
•      g5"Poiu,     Letnno,,  j 
lened.is.       ScVroj,  I 
Mytckfic,  Scio,  Sa.  j 
mas,  P<it)nr>s,Paroj.  i 
Ccfigt..    SHUtorin,    j 
«c.  I>tfing   pan  of  I 
anciem    and  mod-  j 
tra  Greece,  j; 


Chief  Townc.     SdbjeA  (^ 
SkaMioIt.      Dennurk. 

-7  -^     D«iunrak 


^editerranc 
an  Sea. 


Ruffi4 

Ditto 


Ivica, 

Majorca,        „,„„ 

pirt  Mahon,  Ditto 

Wllia, 

Cagliari. 

,  I'alcrmo, 


G.  Briulfk 
K.  of  Surd, 
K.  of  a  Sitft; 

Venice 


Archipcligo, 
and  Levant 

Seas.    ^ 


Turkey" 


^iC 


PTOMARJS. 


Possessions  of   DENMARK  m  Europe. 


ALL  the  Danifli  prov^neef.  In  1787,   contained 
183,400  fquare  mile9>  and,  mcliuiing  the  coJonie*, 
^,500,000,  inhabitants 

^pivifion^         89.  Mile*.  Populatioii.  QbiffToirM.  Inlub. 
fr,  on  the   BaI-V     isfioo    i,|Sj,50o    Cbpetibdgeq  87,000 


f  {iutchjrofJHIolO 


3  Norway,  which  S 
baa  the  Atlan-  V     iia,Q0O 
tick  weft,  3 

4  FaroI{I«Hda«>  ...i    -;,-■ 

5  Iceland,  ,-!--. 


,800       310/500    GluMladt,        0,48) 


7a3.i4X     Bergea,    .    i8/)00 


i.ooo 


The  ^hch  nf  f>rnr?»ark  contain*  ^8  toiRrn»|  22  bor- 
9UghSi  15  earldoms,  16  baronif^awpji  ef^ates  of  the  ii\- 
feriaur  nobility,  and  7.000  ylllages.  .     . 

Norway  contains  only  13  towns,  l  earldoms,  and  27 
eftates  of  the  other  nobility. 

The  Danes  have  fettleoients  at  Coromandel  in  Afia, 
on  Ae  coall  o(  Quinea,  and  other  places  jn  Africa,, 
and  in  Greenland  in  Anaerica.  Greenland  is  divided 
into  Eaft  and  Well  Greenland,  a  very  extenfive  coun- 
try, but  thial/  inhabited.  Grantz  reckons  only  9  J7 
f^ated  and  7,000  wandering  inhabitants  in  Weft-Green-* 
land,  'f'he  Dines  are  the  only  nation  who  have  fettle- 
ments  in  We  il- Green  Van  d  ^  where,  under  their  protec- 
tion, the  Moravian  brethren  have  miQIpnaries,  and  very 
ufefiil  eilablilhnnents,. 

Wealth  and  Commerce.  ]  If  the  cold  andbarren  kingdom: 
of  Norway  did  not  require  large  lupplies  of  corn  from 
J)cnraark,the  latter  couldexport  a  qonfiderable  quantity 
of  if.  SJefw'ick^  Jutland,  Zealand  and  Leland,  are 
very  rich  corn  co'i^iti^i^s,  aj^d  ahouAd,  in  black  cat- 


y^ 


very  Valuable,  a.  wc5  iTfr;  f2'  ^'""  °^  ^^omay  are 
Wenth  part  of  it  is  ^1:":^^^^     SP'^kT  *'°"^; 
trade  is  in  favour  of  Nkl^ll  '  I'     P'^  ''^^^"ce  of. 
The  whole  of  the  exnortl?/^^'*  T'"^  Denmark, 
amounted,  i„  .^^s/trrj,  fi^^r?  .  .f'^  "«^'^«»n  ■ 
ports  to     ,.5,76;8oo.       The  f „or  f  "^f  v'  '  '^^  ''"- 
M«i,;6g,  and   the  imports    to        ,  ^f  o^'^^J^    ^^ ' 
c:tn'' Co  ""T"^^  ^"  l52nm;^l''^^^  ^^"-' 

4^'.  and   E.   Ion.  i  aT.c^?^:^/^^'" ''^  N- latitude  53^ 
pound,  on  the  margin^of  the  B  U'  t  ""c  *  ^°^  '"^T   ■ 
l>eautifuland  commodLs  W^^      '''..^^^'  ^"^  ^^ 
one  ftip  toemerTa  ti^";^.*^^^^^^    ^t  ^^  «dmrts  only 
500.     The  ro.id  for  thTft^^^'  "  japableof  cojitaining 

^^m  the  town  an^  stftef  n'^'"'"''""'  '  *""« 
Onthelandfidearefome  ,ak^^^^ 
ilabuants.  with  plenty  of  fr.ft  **  ^"""^  '^^  in- - 

country  i,pIeafaJtraLopS^^^  ^^e' adJHcent  •• 

Jf  is  joined  to  the  to4  hf  tln^^^'""^^^"  ^^'"''^'''^ 
«ore  than  fir  miles  in  Xumfl^    "'*^''.     ^'^^'''Y '» 
appearance  at  a  diftance^        '  "'^*  *"'*  "'^'^«»  fine  - 

^dgo^rnedinan  a^oL  J^^''*^^';^^^^^^ 
»ngs  are  legal-  foveJeifns  .nT"?  *  ^"'  '*»<^  ^^^''^ 
^0'erei.,ns  .in^the  woX*  for  ^th^f^  '^'  ^^^^  ^^^^l 
c»«rgy  and  commons,  dlvcft  JTk     r  u  °^^'"*'''  "ohOky. 

J"  well  as-power,  ^' he  vetr  .  S''"^^^^  of  their  right*  . 

rurrender  oVtheir^iUtfesr^^^^^  T^^  ^  ^«^^«1 

^^^.r,.]     DenmT^rthe  anc^^^^^^^^^ 

Ooths,  was  little  known  iBth^     ^    kmgdom  of  the 

'^^  king,    ChWaS^VlM    trV  ^'t  ^^^"  Gnrmo. 

««8nj    he  vffited.  England  i^P^^^^^ 

y»nngeft  fifter  of  George  If?   l?-^®'  .^''^  ^cn  the  • 
Wasfuda^r.l«  r.._.>'®°'^§*  ^"-  Kmg^f  Greatfft.:..:« 


3-3 


LurtANm 


time,  January  1772^  and  Uehea^kd  tHe  {imt  year.' 
Birtholinus  celebrated  for  his  kaowlcdge  of  anato- 
my,  and  Tycho  Brahe,  iKe  famous  allro^iomer,  were 
satires  of  this  counirf^  , 


T*- 


— »»i  '^    m  I 


LAPLANEh 

'HE  wKole^country  of  Lapland,  extends  fd  far  as  it. 
is  known,  from  the  north  C^pe  in  7 1"  30'  N.  lat; 
White  »»ea  under  the  ar€tidc  circle.     Part  of 
liapland  belongs  to  ihe<  Danes,  and  is  included  in  the 
gpvernment  of  Wardbuys  ;   partto  the  Swcdes>  whichi. 
is  by  far  the  naoft  valuable  ;  and  fome  pafts  in  the  eail,, 
to  the  M.ttfcovil/'s  or  Ruffians.     It  is  impoflible  to  point 
oat  the   dmiendons   of  caich.     Jx  has  been  •  generally^ 
thought  that  tlic  Jc^aplanders  are  the  defcendants  of 
Finlandersi  driven  out  of  their  own  country,  and  that 
they  tai^  their  name  from  i.i»/'/r/,  which^figniftc8•ex• 
i]cc.     In  LaplaAd*  for  fome  montlsiin  tlie  fummer,  the 
fitn  never  fets,  ami'  diirine  winter  icnever  riles  ;  buf 
^e' inhabitants  are  fo  wellailirtcdby  the  twilight,  an4 
«'|^«  aurora  borealis,  that  they  never  diftontinue  tlieir 
•mprk  on  account  of  the  darkoefsi 

GUmmif*'}  llRic  wkj^wrs  here,..as  may  eafily  be  con- 
c^dedr  ar^k^tt  emely  cold^  Drifts;  of  fnow  often  threat- 
en to  bwr^thc  traveller,  and  cover  the  ground  four  or 
.five  f«^t  deep.  A  .thaw  fometinies  takes  pkce;  and 
tl|en  the  iroft  that  fuqceeds,  prefents  the  Laplander  with 
.  Z  fmootb  level  of  |ee>  over  which  he  travels  with  a  rein 
deer,  in  9^  il«wge»'wkh  icreoaceivable  fwiftnefs.  The 
ijats  oi  fu,tnjoi«*  art  exceffive  for  a  IBort  time  ;,  and 
tilie  cat9Mrad$  which::  dalh  from  the- mountains,  often  pre- 
iSiat  to  the  ey^::  the  n;w>(l  piduteiqiie  appearaoces. 

jPfap/fft  Crifioms  a^  ManmrsJ}  The  majority  of  the 
Laplanders  are  Pagans.  The  num^ber  and  oddities  of 
didr  fupe:|{litioi^  have  induced  the  northern  traders  to 
b^^^.  ^a^U^f ;9i;f  i^e4  it  magick  a&diUvisatioik 


LAPLAND. 


3»^' 


mer,  were 


Thejr  fl  ill  retain  the  worfiiip  of  many  of  the  Teutoftick'^ 

gods  ;  bat  have  among  them  great  remains  of  th- 
>ruidical  inftitutions.  Thty  believe  in  the  tranfmitiral 
tion  ofthe  foul  j  and  have  feltivals  fet  apart  for  the  wor^ 
ihip  of  certain  genii,  called  Jtohles,  who  rfiey  think  in,^ 
habit  the  air,  and  have  great  power  over  hunmn  anions  j 
but  being  without  form  or  fnbftance,  they  afliM  to 
them  neither  images  nor  ftalues. 

The   emp!oymtnt  of  the-  women  confitts  in  makine 
nets  tor  the  filhery,  in  drying  fi(h  and  meat,  in  milkinS- 
the  run  deer,  m  making  checfe,  and  in  tanning  hidtsV 
but  It  IS  widerftood  to  b<;  the  builnefs  of  the  men  toi 
took  after  the  kitchen,  in  which  it;  is  faid  thewomciii^' 
never  mterfere.  "^  ..^ r' "^^ 

The   Laplander*  live  in  hutsm  the  f6rm^  „.,^^o 
from  25^ to   30. feat  in  diameter,  and  not  much  ^^c* 
fHirfeet  m  height.     They  cover  them  iaccordin«  to  the- 
feafon,  and  the  means  of  the  ppfleffor  ;   fome  with  bri-- 
ers,  bark  of  birch,  and  linen  ;    others  with  turf,  coarfe 
^oth,  -or  felt,  or  the  old  fl^ns  of  rein  deer.     TBi  door  is  ^ 
of  felt,  made  like  two  curtains  which  open  afunder.    A 
little  place  futromided  with  «oncs  is  made  in  the  mi<i^^ 
die  of  the  hut, for  fire,  over  which  a.  chain  h  fufpended^ 
.0  hang  the  kettle  upon..    In  winter,  at  night,  they  tmt ' 
their  naked  feet  into  a  fur  bag,  ^         ^  ^*' 

'     Lapland  is  but  poorlyptopled,  owing  to  tht  PeneraJ^ 
Karreniefs^f  its  foil     The  whok  number  ofltsSb.: 
itants  may  amount  to  abour  Soytoo.     Both  men  and . 
wonjen  are   in  general  confiderably  ihorter  than  more 
fouthem  Europeans.     Maurpertius  meafmed  a  womaa^ 
who  was  luckhng  her  child,  whofc  height  did  not  exceed 
four  feet  two  inches  am!  a  half;  they  make,  however 
a  much  more  agreeable  appearance  than  the  men.  who 
are  often  ill  ftiaped  and  ugly,  and  their  heads  too  brce 
top  ttcir  bodies,      rhe  women  are  compJaifeHt,  cha«e4 
oiten  we  I  made,  and  extremely  nervous  j  which  isalfo.. 
pWervable  among  the  men,  although  more  rarely*   ' 

When  a  Laplander  Intends  to  marry  a  female,  he.  oi*; 
m$  iriends  cburt  htr  father  with  brandv  i  wht"  -"i^ 
iwnc  difficulty  he  gains  admittance  to  hi/fair  one,  heofV 
WAlier  a  beavers  tongue  01  IwBeeUi^ enable,  whicJii 


3*0 


SWEDEN. 


r^^^kl^— ^^°'"?  company,  but  accepts  of  in' prirattf; 
Cohabitation  often  precedes  marriage  ;  but  every  ad 
iftittance  to  the  fairone  ts^purchafed?roin  her  father  bv 
her  lover,  with  a  bottle  of  brandy,  and  this  prolongs  ihl 
courtft»ipf«met.mevfor  three  years.     I'he  prieft  of  the 
panfii  at  laft   celebrates   the  nuptials  ;   b\a  the  bride 
groom  ts^obliged  tofervchis  father-in-law  for  four  years  . 
atter.     He  then  carries  his  wife  with  her  foi tune  home. 


SWEDEN.. 


»rrtrATro» 
Miles. 
I-ength  8oo7', 

Breadth  500 1  ^^^^«" 


AUD   EXTlimvi- 

Ty5*and7G*'  NMaMi. 
lio9  and  30?  E.  lohr 


BimdariesA  T5  9™^^^  ^«J»»  by  the  Frozetf ' 
1^  1         J  JJ  Ocean  ;  eaft  by  Ruffia  j  fouth  hv 

Denmark  and  the  Baltics  ;  weft  hy  Norway.  The  ^ 
whole  kingdom  of  Sweden  contains  ,04  tdwnslsojca.' 
villages,  and  ,200  efta;tes  of  the.  nobility.  Next  to  ' 
Rt^ffia,  Sweden  is  the  largeft  ftate  in  Europe. 


Divifiont. , 

»  GothlantI,  5 

'i  Nordlahd,^ , 

4  Ldpiand,  > . 

5  Finland,  . 
6^wedi{h  Pomeranian 


i^Mila.  Population. 
64,000  a,|oo,ooO' 
95.47 »       iiO,ooo 


Cap.  Torvnu 

{^T0CltH01.1«, 
80,000  inhab, 
£und. 


A1k>, 
fiei^en,i409ih/ 


48*780  -      634,000- 

»7«j;  thcifland  of  Barthclemi;.  "»  "*  *^*  >"*•" 

i^i&//tf/.3Stockhdm  the' capital  0 
relideticeof  thekmg.  is  fituated  irt  N.  Uk.s<^^\111- 
E.I01V.  19;  3qV  76omiles  N.  E,  from  Lon^n    Stand-- 
mg  at  thejunaion  of  the  Baltick  Sea  and  theTake  Maler . 
H;Jas  the  advantage  of  both  fait  and  frefli'waten     h 
j^bu,lt  partly  on  fix,flands,  and  parUy  on  peninfujas  and 
Its  circuit  IS  fomnm^d  "i*^  >->  •»:i'>-      »*«     -  r***r»""" 
,         J         ■,    T    ~~    '2'  '  ~  '—"-3.     *«iu2t  oi  Uic  ii~eets 
arsijoad,  and  (he  market  places  fpscioiu.  Iniheauar!. 
ter  of  the  wwn  properiy  caLdthe^cify,^  aboVe  ^^^Z 


% 


SWEDEN. 


3»i 


(hoiifes,  moft  of  Aem  ftatiding  on  pjfcs.  Tktfsmt  ImOt 
entirely  of  llone,  and  are  four  or  five  ftories  high  ;  hqt 
foine  ate  covered  with  copper  eriroo  pl*tes>  and  othet* 
with  tiles. 

M\  part*  of  this  city  ari  conncftcd  by  bridge*,  It  at. 
lords  a^fine  profped  of  the  lake  MaJer  on  one  fidt,  and 
of  the  harbour  on  the  other.  The  nuambcr  of  inhabit- 
ants who  pay  taxes  is  computed  at  60,000. 

Cjimafft  Soil,  Exports  and  Inip»rts.\  Sweden  hat  & 
cold  but  healihfol  cliraaie.  Linnaeus  reckons  1300 
fpeciesofplants,  and  Hoofpcciesof  animals,  in  :hl». 
Amgdam.  The  induftry  of  the  inhabitants,  in  arts  and 
agriculture,  has  raifed  it  to  the  rank  of  afecondary  Eo- 
jEopcan  power.  Sweden  imports  300,000  tons  of  corn», 
and  4*535  hogflieads  of  fpirituous  liqufa-s,  befides  heuM*, 

?xr*:i*  T  *..^"^' ^*^^'  filk,  paper,  lead^cr,  and  Eaft  and 
Weit  India  goods.  The  exports  of  Swtden  c©nfift  chiefi. 
^y^fy^^od,  pitch,  tar,  iifti,  furs,  copper,  iron,  fome  gold 
and  hiver,  and  other  minerals,  to  the  amount  in  the 
y^ar  1768,  of  upwards  of  13  jnillions  of  dollars  1  and" 
'neix  izsporcs  in^thc  fame  year  amounted  to  little  more 
than  lO  millions  of  dollars.  The  Swedes  trade  to  alt 
parts  of  Europe,  to  the  Levant,  thfi  £aft  and  Wcft-In^ 
dies,  t*)  Africa  and  China- 

Revenue.'^     In  1784,  four  millions  of  rix  dollars. 

Gtvertiment: \  Since  the  memorable  rtvb'otion  in  1 77*^ 
Sweden  miy  be  called  a  monarchy  f  he  fcnate  itill 
claim  f<Hne  iliare  in  the  adminitlraiion,  but  its  mem^ 
bers  are  chofep  by  the  king.  The  king  has  the  abfo- 
lute  diipofaJ  of  the  army,  and  has  the  power  of  galling 
and  of  drflblving  the  iffemb'y  of  the.  ftates  ;  but  he 
cannot  imp  ♦fe  any  new  tax  without  ccnftilting  the  diet. 
The  fenate  is  the  higheft  court  or  council  in  the  king- 
doni,  and  is  compofed  of  1 7  fenators,  or  fupreme  coun- 
fellors.  The  provinces  are  under  govetnours,  caUed; 
provincial  CRptaius. 

Army.'\     In  1 784,  it  confifted  oi  50,431  men. 

Religion.']  rhe  religion  eftabKhed  in  Sweden  ft  the 
Lutheran,  which  the  fovereiem  muil  nrofefs*  i»n4  ise'^=^ 
gaged  to  maintain  in  the  kingdom.  Calvinifts,  Roman 
Catholicks  and  Jews  are  tolerated;  The  fliperiour  cler- 
gy of  Sweden  have  prefervc  J  the  dignities  ofthe  Roman 
Catholirk  church  ;  it  is  compoled  of  theArchbifliop  of 
Upfal,  of  1 4,  Bifhops,   and  1 9  2  Prefidcnts.     The  j  urifi 


St2 


RUSSIA* 


*aion  m  ecclcfigftical  matters  it  in  the  hands  of'  ro 
con(iftori«i.  The  number  of  the  inferiour  clergy,  con^ 
prchendmg  the  minifteri.  of'panflies,  8tc.  amount* 
only  to  1387. 

ffi/lary.  ]  We  hare  no  accounts  of  this  courttry  till  the 
wi^n  of  Bormo  111.  A,  D.  714.     Margaret,  Queen  of 
Benmark  and  Norway,  was  callcdto^thethrone^f  Swe- 
den,  on  the  forced  refignation  of  Albert  their  iting,  A» 
l^J-  J  387.     It  remained  united  to  th«  Danift  crown  till 
1523»  when  the  famous   Guftavus  Vafa  expelled  the 
Danes,  and  ever  fince  it  has  rdhained   independent  v 
but  was  made  anabfolute  monarchy  by  Guftavus  III 
m  177a.  ^The  late  king,  G«ftavus  IV.  waaaffaffinated 
by  Ank«rftrom.on  th»l6ai  of  March,  179*  ;  and  was 
•  Ijccceded  byhisfon,  the  prefent  king,  then  14  years 
^d.     Iho  cnthufiaftick  aflaflui,  amidft  the gr^ateft  fuf.  . 
fermgs,  gloried  in  his  villainy.  •        * 


MUS€Ovy,  OR  TM£  RUSSIAN  EMPIRE: 
IN  EUROPE  AND  ASIA* 

'■»■'■■■  ^       •  ■     -. 

.^     »»TVAT10M  AND  fiXTSMT; 
Miles. 

'   Jjf'^g^J' 48oor  between  f"**  *°'  *  i^^ofi.  loh^; 
Breadth  1.00X  *''*'^*^"'  WUo'and^aONJat? 

THIS  immenfe  empire  Wretches  from  theBahick  Sea  ^ 
P,  'G  t"^^"^*^*"  on  the  weft,  to-Kamtfch^tka  and  the 
Facifick  Ocean  on  the  eaft  ;  and  from  the  Frozen  ocean 
pn  the  n.rth,  to^hearly  the  44th'^  degree  of  latitude  on 

rl^^^T^'t''^^^'  ^'«  bounded  by  Poland.  Littb 
^artary,  Turkey,  Georgia,   the  Euxine  and  Cafpian' 

known  r-  ^""T/'r  ^^*"'^^   Tartary,  and  othe/un. 
tnown  regif)n«  irfu^fia. 

Thecountry  now  comprised  under  the  name  of  Ruffia 
ria  «f  ft  *'  '\''^'^''  ^^^^'^  ""'^^^y  equal  to  all  the 

fk.  5 '^T*  '^"'^  «'^^^"  ^^*"  ^^^  ^^^n'*"  empire  in 
the  jeenith  of  ,ts  power,  or  the  empire  of  Darius  fubdu- 

^""/^^  'l^'^''*'''^'^'"' ^'^  both  put  to;;ether. 

pii,iftms  and-eopulathnS  Ruffia  is  at  prefeot  divided^ 
•ato 42  governments,  wl«ch  are  comprehended,  ag^ia' 
nader  19  general  governments,  v«. 


RUSSIA. 


3«3 


Z'.ll'r?''  ""^  •''«.'«»""«»  »f  Poland  «e  higMl: 
able  to  Ruffia,  to  which  the  a«<inifiUon  rf  Crmiti  iTh^ 
no  mi-aiM  comparable,  in  Talu^  vranea  ig  by 

folil'lT-  "??["  «'"'?'■*«»<«»  upward,  of  »odif. 
ferent  nations  i  and  the  number  of  laniuaim  is  fun^Sj 
not  to  be  left  th«n  thennmber  ofS^r  *  ^^^^'^ 
ITealth  ant  Cmm,a.-i  In  ft  vatt  a  trafl  of  conntnr 
« theempire  of  Ruffia,  fpreading'nnder  many  de^e,  rf 
latitude,  watered  by  more  than  eight  rirer.:  which  Ln 
ttoud.  the  fpaeeof  «ooo  miles.  anlcrokrbV?nJx^'' 
five  Cham  of  mountain,,  we  may  expefl  to  findL  S 
nite  number  of  natural  produaion.rthough  w"  mnft 
"«kefomeallow«Kes  for  the  grea  deferioriiS 

natural  hiftorianfc.  The  fpecies  of^aiit.  peculilr  to  thi 
part  of  the  globe  which  haye  alieidy  beWdSfcowKd 
amount  to  many  .Uiottfand..  The  foil  contSn' S 
aU  m.neral.„tin,  platiia.  andfome  femi-metaU  exc»* 
«d.  Ruffia  abounds  with  animals  of  almott  all  t£  « 
"^s  kinds,  and  has  many  that  have  nev"  b^  K 
^    It  ha,  the  greateft  variety  of  the.6BeH  for     "^ 

ll8g,?r  "*/J  "«»'•«'  ^""^  P«er(burg  alone. 
4*8,877  (km,  of  hares.  36,904  of  grey  fquitret.  k^V 

«tjTf.d«  Jw  •r'r  S'«39  of;foxe?.  jco^f 'ia 
cats,  betides  thofe  of  wolves,  and  otihtlunick  /,!«.„ 
,^1  animdof  the  m  kind)  excrufiveYrA.' i' ^J^ 

aX^  to  '"'"'r'a'-  tfcete  were  exerted  from 
*™^"8f '.  785.000  pnd  of  tallow,  (a  pu/fc  emS  S 
40lb.)  8.60a  pud  of  candles,  and  .oaV„7rfbut?^S 

10,885,  pud  of  leather  for  folcs,  c»o.6s6  pud  of  canrfl- 

50.000  pud  of  foap.  ,7.4.6  p„d^4>  iMrwrclfc 
W    T7,e  filheriei  WongSg  Ruffi^^.  .^^^ 

^'i.  3l-^»?''A'^  .«'«««  a«  i»»»felyValuabk. 
—  -,.^u^^u  au  not  grow  to»  ulefiil  Ozc  beyond  the 

J^UtcteMaaiettiTc  to  the  Rafljan empire  3^000,00.  .rfi.. 


r* 


KVmA. 


<;ot9t  degree  bf  north  lurhude.  They  export  timber, 
pitch,  tlr,  and  pota/h  t6  jl  vafl  ain<yunt.  Kye^  wheat) 
tobafCCOi  hemp,naXt  fail  cloth,  linfecd  oil,  flaxfeedi  ironj 
(Avtt,  coflper;  fait,  jafper,  marble,  granite,  tec.  are 
among  the  prfldndlions  of  Ruffia.  The  whole  of  theex^ 
p-orts  of  Ruflia  amounrtrf,  itt  T783:,t0fitcMrly  r3,ooo,ooo 
oKnthles  or  dollars  j  tbkt  imports  dicfitot  niuth  exceed 
the  fum  of  i  «,ooo,ooo.  The  importk  co«ftft  chiefly  of 
wine,  (Ibices,  frtiits,  fine  darh,  and  othef  manufiidured 
commodities  and  articles  of  Itixory.  There  are  faid  to 
be,  at  prefent,  nor  more  than  484  manufaiftuteirs  in  iht 
whole  empire-.  ' 

jfimy.l     It  coirfifted* th  ly^i,  of  6dO,obt> frtttti    W 
r78i4.,  of  36ft,90i. 

A^.j    Slxfy-thfiree  anttifrd  fliips,  and  *o,oooi*ailor4. 

6r6vtfr»«CTrf.  TThe  Emperotir  or  Ataif6crator  of  Riiffia 
Itfabfolute.  He  mufft  be  of  the  Greet  chnrch;  by  the  an- 
cient cnftom  of  tht  empire.  The  onfy  written  funda- 
nJentiHaw  exifting  is  that  of  Pirter  I.  by  which  the  right 
of  fticceffion-  td  the  throne  dependtr  cntirefy  onthe  choice 
of  the  reigning  monarch,  who  hasunlimftetl  authority 
oVertheliVcsatrd' property  of  all  hrfs  ftib}etft*.  'Urtminv 
agement  of  pnbHcfc  afikirs  is  entmftetf  vo'  fcVcrai  dieparr- 
itilents.'  A  c  the  head  €jf  all  thtofe  cbncert^ed  in  tht  regv 
ulktiov  of  iirtemal  afPairs  (the  etdefiaiHcal  fytad  eX-  ' 
ceptedyis  the  fenaie,  under  the  prefidency  of  a  chatPi 
ctubr  and  vice  chancellor.  Thie^ibveteign  -  nominates* 
t]^  members  of  this  fepte<m«  cduft  whidt  h  dividled'  m* 
ti  6'cbamber«^4  at  Peterlburg  and  s  at  Mofcpw;  The 
pTrovincer  arc  n^ed  by  gortmours  appointed  by  the 
f6v,ereign,  containing,  on  aiv  avierage,  400,060  fy\^t&tk 

€6hf'Citiet:']  PiTEii?«vRG,  tte  capital  of  Rufitl,  lies 
atthe  juna^On  of  (h^  riverI<reva,^ithtiiehikeLadbga>,in 
Nl  hit  sg^  $f,  and  fi,  long:  31'  j  hut  t»e  reader  may 
hkire?  better  Idea  of  Its  lituation  by  b6ih^.iift^r;^ed  that 
it>  ffands  oil  bothfides  the:  river  N6isrsi,.be^etn  the  lakt 
ao4.  thr  bottpm* pt<-tbe  i^idand  gulf*    hxtkt  year  1 763, 
this  c^ycori0^<d  of  a  few  fm'ail  fifiiing  hots,  .on  a  fpot  - 
fomsrifty  that  the  gn>und(  was  formed  into' nine  iflands. 
Ituow  extends  about  fix  miles  evety  way,  and  centaitrf 
€¥ci  y  ~  uiw.iutc  lut   :«nagiiniceiici»^  miC  luiptuvcmcnk  ue 
tfa^ar.ts^  revenue!  navlgattoik,  war  and. commerce,,  ihac 
acre  to  be  found'm  ^e  moil  celebrated  cities  ia  £iMnaf«x 


RUSSIA.  |,. 

»3*«!!if  of  Mofcow,  formeriy  the  caniul  of  thi. 
jjwM  empire,  fends  on  a  plMfant  plain.  iaKlTt  « ' 

Wid  Umji,  form  mo«  deligfctfiU   nim&ftT   fc^™ 

^A^K.  '^'  '^"'"^  •-«*•  !?«»  jTs 

c«d. ftoin the  FMfcer  <;nte.   ^SSwSn  i^XX 

AS*hJ^'!S:i??^*ii"  Ae 3»rch.,f 4C 
cnurca  nas  Deto  90<*^en|i^  iittAe  i^e  time  of  Peter  thm 

» ^      »n  POfleffiott  of  the  ekrgy.  ^ 

»«^*Z*i'^*  ;f  ^'<^«4c«HiJ^I«?c<Jiun|s  we  hare  of 


i:^€Oim  m  Peunburg, 


|i6      GREATBRITAW  AWD  IRELAND. 

TKe  reign  flC  Elixtbtlfc,  in  tht  courft  of  the  Jaft  ceo- 
tttry,  ittcinitltaMc*  onJictowm  of  htr  ribolMimg  the 
ufe  o£  lortuf f,  iind  ji<|»tMtiug  licr  ftibjeas  for  twentjr 
yeai s  wii^out  infliAmg  a  fmglt  wpitstl  pumQimcot. 

Theiiuc  can^t^ftft  Ciithwbeeinpktycdhiericlf  in  found- 
ing a  nMnbtr  </fi^aoU,  for  the  edci«ationi>|l^c  lower 
otaitcf  of  her  iubj«i£t»  xlironghoot  liie  heft  in^hic^  paru 
of  liie  cnDpire  $  an  inftHntvon  of  the  snoft  benc£f;ial  tca- 
filency .  Sie  dif d  in  1 7^7,  and  was  Aicfie«de<l  hv  hfr 
&n  Patih  iincedead>  and  fuccecded  bj  AUx^Pafr  L 


-r."" 


Ti : ■'" ; i""~  '  I*""""""  ■■■■ 


0R^T-BR1TAIN    and  IRELAND. 

^Jkt^eii4«*  and  jf8*  |c/ North ki1M«.  andt^^Eift, 


iHMhu 

1,300,000  I  JSdivlMHii  80)000 
;»/|6i,ii4  iDttblin*     i6opoo 


England  it  divi^i^inte  4«     t  8cotM,3,i  and  »  fteWirdddfi 

"■■■"•■'  •    ''  '  '  "  ^:-  f-'  ■    -  ■'  '. 

*   1;  In  Ettrbpe,  the  fcirtrefs  oSfpihraltari  onthecoift 
of  Spiin  J  |,ado  inhabitants.  , 

».  in  A»ica,  Cabo  Corfc,  oatSieopfft  of  Guinea, 
and  fome  otfae^fort«  thsit  star  the  Cambtaf  an4 
i:heiiland;ofSt.:Helen|i.  ' 

'Vt.  f ni%^,nhe  eirta|fiv«  iuxunilnbi  of  Ikngal,  J^ 
hafi  »d|*rt.of  €M«a.  i;  ffie  tigiitif  of  Betigil  U 
^Csdk^^iaii  fmilfi3ivafi%  therefidence  of  the  Oovern* 
K»r.a!i!i^al«f  dw  Edl^ttdiaiet^ike^  Thcfe  terri. 
^fettti^coaipittedto  ^^OQtain  10^060,009  i|d|abtt|nti, 
extent  ne^lyr  150^000  fiifuit 


&40fe  f(AtlcBie»u  OB  thecM  of  Corowiddiitf  whu^ 


0RE.\T.9RITAIN  AHD  IRELANO.     taf 

^^£?*J^}^^  capital,  conuming  8d,ooq  inhabitants. 
rThefectlement*  of  Bbmlbar  and  8ttr«t,otfihie  Mal^ 
■bar  court  and  man^r  other  liirts  and  Moflei  on  the 
iwntlnentof  Indiii^ani  the  ifl>tt>*  of  Simtatrk,  ^aUy, 
and  Banea  t  aod  the  jOmd  oiCtykm* 
•  *•  ^nAitincA,  the  «xtettfiir€prov'meei  of  Upper  and 
LowerCimad'ar  Ncw^BrutiftvicIe  and  Nova-Spoiia  t  fet- 
demrnjt  in  LabruAir  and  HudToo?.  Riy.  the  iOands  of 
NewfoiWIdland,  Cipc  Breton»«iid  St.  |i>hn.  a,  I9  thtf 
Weft-  Indlet  I  ihc  Iflindi  mentidnoO'  'm  page  *'9 4. 
,  ?^'^'»'MW6>«i/4ifrw.}  the  fiip  divifiWs  of  Great- 
Bntainr,  England  and  Scotland,  diffir  widely  with  re-> 
fteft  to  their  naturarfcrtility,  and  to  tin  wealth  of^lieii* 
iiihahitanta%  South  Britain  or  England,  abound*^  witlt 
^theufefal.  prodndions  of  tbofe  eottntrtesofEuropd 
«t.:^  —  '-  Z^TikWtl  latttndtt,  whif ,  f&Slr,  «nd  fotne 

aU  thofe  p!anti  whiSare  moftWefnt 
^?f  «ff  5^  cftleitt|d:l>reed&niborftffrand  fl»«ep  ai*  ear* 
ned  on  m  £ii|lkfid  td  in  a{|oifffliti||(  height.  Of  a'bbtac 
42K»o,Qoo  acj^fi  which  BrMri£(f  coniaini,  only 
8,500^009  j|rodUcc^cor»}  the  wb  either cbtirredv'ttll 
)WOfld,  or  kid  oot  in  titidd^r  jMrdeiU^  ^arks,  &c.  «ud 
a  conddehMe  part  b  itar  ^fte^niS.  /¥et  bm  of  ihe 
erop»  obtaine^f^oniiHefHtl^part  of  thelands,  ths^ehav^ 
S««i cxportedrlfiillifelfec  fpjjtee  of  five  yeirs  fi^ di f 4c> 
to  >!rSP»  ^tt-^ntit?!!*  df  corn  tb  the^alie  df  7,6oia.o«ot 
tterliag.  fhenct  produce  of  iheEngltfh  corn  lijtcfj  is 
eftimated  at  v,6co,oool  fterling.  The  icnts  ofpifiuib- 
ground,  meidows,  5pc.  at  :;bo0jb6ol;  tpie  nuiif!^  of 
peopfe, engaged  in  and  mamtaincd  by  f^trming,  ijg  fop. 
rpbfed  to  be'>,8od,ooa  England  aboundiM  eifCel. 
tent  Cattle  and  fhesp.  Ill  &  be^ninjihof  ilrt  laft 
;  centur^  thWe  lirere  fui^ofed  io  be  i2,ooo,6oo>  of 
ftfetp,  atfdthiirnciBftcrWs  r^^  fik 

■^'^e  year  1 7691  r;;©'^  and  1 771 ,  the  value  of  i^  wooK 
„  fc,as  exported  frOfri  ^n^AWi^  including  *hofe  of  York- 
^  J|ire,  aiAouftted  to  lipwiri-as  of  1 3,«po,*oooLferi«w. 
^  G6pper;juni  lead  and  if«>rt  afe  fbufid  in  gff|i4f#4A>> 
fiance  itt  Cn'tpM'imtaiiv  ^w^cre  t^^  is  imam^ttf 
\  year  froiH  50  to  66,066  toKs  of  pig  i»oi^  ^aiA^Kllff  i($. 
r  M^ocio  ton?  of  bair^^srf  ^    <- 


■^ 


if*   'i 


3^aB    CyCEAT-BRlTAIN  AND  IHELAKD. 

£ngUnd  p^iTcfTes  &  gr^t  treafurc  in  its  lii«xh«aftil»Ie 
co;a1  miiies>  which  are  worked  cbieHy  in  thrnorilieni 
counties,  whence  the  caul  i«  coBveved  by  iea«  aodhy 
the  tnUnd  c»niUf.t*  every  fKittof  the  kin^Joiii.  The 
minet  of  fi^nrthumbcrUnd  idoBe»  fend  every  yev  up* 
wardi  of  6co,OGO  ch^ldruni  ^i  eoali  to  London,  end 
1,500  vefTeli  are  employed  in  carrying  tfaem  ak>ii^  the 
CAilem  coaft  of  Engkindf 

;»8cotland'tfuttSr4TpraMkiAions  are  greatly  Infer iour  to 
tholb  of  England,  bmh  with  refpcA  to  plenty  agd  va- 
riety.^ It  produces  chie^y  flit  1.  hemp,  coals,  foniv;  iron, 
Rnd  iiinch  lead.  The  trade  of  this  conntr/  confifti 
chiefly  in  liuen*  thread  ^nd  cmX%\  they  haire  lately 
^giin.,to«nanai«iaiil^c1iith,carpet%fiigar^  <cc.   . 

£4re)BMid  i*,  b'Aioft  of  lb  proviRC#i»  tiot  kilerioarin 
ierttlity  ta  Eng^nd.  Thechief  arUcl^  o^'it^  produce 
aye  eatde,thei|^  hoge^  and  lli|z  1  litrgi^aiilitlei  otcx- 
celleiit  fal^d  pork,  beef  ana  butter,  are  aiihviaUy  ex> 
jiorted.'''  '■■"•  '• 

*rhe  irt4h  wool  U  very  fine.  The  i^iocijpiil  mana- 
la^irf^^  Iveland  if  ^at  of  Uaen,  Whic&  at  tii^efeiit  % 
H  fctJ^^^pltkiable  irti^of  etpoitation.  Tift^n  Hiin- 
4l#f  eHbits  «r«^  «%te>ycd  in  die  filk  fhaiioft^m  at 

.■^'mm^'\soimtUi  of  libi^y  an^lttdiiftryi  this  king. 
di6^#l|  i^  rife  to^he  €<Hn.<ti6rttal  confcquence  td 
^IMl.it^^'ei^itfedlky  li^  fertility  aTv4(ittw 
'r^'llie  total  value  of  the  (fjipcnts  from  Ir^ctandto'"  ?at-' 
Br^M0i^%  £n'^  a  1780,  «t  art^^avcragt,  Wij^ 
3|iipo»OQ©|.  *The  balance  is  greatly  in  fai^ibiir  of  Ire* 

l«i4|' j•^^"'•■'  ■"';•  ■'  '"■      -      '■  ' 

^  ^T%%kfi|jfaa«lres  in  Fnj^knd,  are  conf  ffedly,  with 
verf  l«#t«ceptions,fupeiiour  to  hoieof^eriioufltrtes. 
l?'of  tlmfuperiority,  they  arc  nearly  equ^tlj  indebted  to 
nation jl  charade r,  to  the  littiation  of  theiir  country  and 
totbiek  cxcelicni  cou'-Htution. 

TlieEii^ifh  government  favourable  tO'cVlTyextfr- 
tiotr<#|entus,  hA%  provided  by  wifr  and  Excellent  lawj, 
ft)^  th$  fec^re  ei^  .yment  of  propt  y  aipquired  by  in* 
^ar,  ana  nas  remove 


ana 


^ro: 


_        obfta^tes  to  xti* 
*hJhfting  the   imp<Hrtat  oi  of  Itiich  aiiiclci 
vh  could  b^  maQttlk«.tuted  at  home* 


G^t^T.BKtrMtfAmltLZL^m    szl 


Th«  Britini  iflandt,  ^moug  other 
i»viAtioin  have  eoafti,  the^^lini  of 


for. 


demd  outward!,  amounting   to  0|^3l^  <^ 
T76c,  (H  T/att  before)  hj  ^^td^m^^^Z 

^f^  »>/  '?«»  into  il,e  f«hctttV  ^^^^t^. 

air  iittnq|ro)«i  aii%  Wf  ptoidiiaiY«.    Th»  jintttcsedi 

ehaitertdmther^ign  Of  (Jiecn  Elaabeth;  fi  the  BriJl! 
ciiwa.  carry  6ir  the  i»oft  important  foreign  coi^e.  ' 

Ibay  be  called  a  li^mited  momirch-      ,,      a  ^09>i>ii\a. 
yn  of  a  wonai^i^^  Bopui     ^Qftrimcm.    The' 
Kmg  has  only  tbtjemeMv^  ,  w.r ,  th^  kgiftaive  li* 
ttared  by  htm  aa4  m  parliar  leni,  or  nfioreprQiterV  by 
Je  pwidfi.     rje  jrrowti  is  ,  mditary  j  l^  iha)e  and' 

kin*nmft|>^oMitl?^ProcitL^ligior^^^  ^^"^ 
^f'i^f^l  ^  erto,i]»ed  id%iom  iir  tHar  paix  of 
GreatjlBmaii  esOlcd  inglandi  is  the  %tepal  diurch 
of  England,  of  wh.ch  the  Wrtg,  without  ainv  foirituair 
Mwerr  it  the  head.  The  retenues  of  ih^^'chiwch  of 
England'  ?re  foppofed  to  be  about  «^oo,oool.  fter. 
lgg»  AU  other  denominations  of  Chriftians*  called  Dif- 
%>^.and  Jews  ar«  tolerated^  R»»»K fifths  of  the  pco- 
l^lc  of  Ireland  are  Roman  Oitholick*,  and-  arc  conft* 
«j«ritly  excladfcd  from^  pUcte  0f:^ft  and' profit. 
Their  clergy  axe  nnmerom.  Ti^  Scotch,  are  ?Nbytt. 
J^s,  4nd  are  Calthufts^in  doftrhir.and  form  of  eccl*^.^ 
Hmk99u  gPTcrament. .   i  he  othet  nkof\  joonlklcMUc-  Mj^ 


«  « 


ottwSii^ 


ji-^ 


ifkmd'  u  lit  ifi 
-of  Eaj 


ify  are  t|(iiCiiriariS»  Ba|»tiM^  Qq^ 

i^i^r  Rohi|ivCatholicKs(Qo,ooD), 

|e|vi;  rimI  treiich  ;«|4  German  Ujh 

in  yfas  ficli  in&abitcrf  %  a  tribe  of 
%ye^s  b«|c>|efetl)e  birtlj^of  Chrift,  Jo- 
ed  tlkem  to  tbc  Itomaa^pirt.    The 
'  maflM^  df  Briuid  500  yeart,  lill  they 
m  1iilel^tie«  oC their  native  eountry 
I  Wt^<S  CB%  i»|  Vain4iJs;   The 
SaMMOTfr  then  took  JM>ire^o«    df  the 
tn^^nuDuke  of  Nc>riiiandly,  obiatfi- 
iriiff^  <>i«j  BmrbU.  Kipg  of  England, 
(be  tlorman  C^nqaet     mMma  Ch^ta 
4  by  John,  1  a- 1 C    lHU  it  called  *c  bulwarjt 
Hh  liberty, ^  IliJ4%»  tlw houle* of  York  and 
er  weic  on^d  Jn  Henry  V;  I.  After  *  long  v^d 
bp^coaifft.     In  166^,  l|W  J,»^yi  ofScoHand, 
**o  fi^ceeded^e^  X^izabei$u  uniosi  l)i>t6  km/jdoros, 
iMiderthe  svuHe,  i^Gr^^Brtuitn.    Itie  Wfurpatlon'of 
<5^mw^  took  place  10  fi^^    fipe  r«rirdytiwi((b  cal- 
*^  I*  account  of  Jatiies  the  feeoid's  ab4tcatins  the 
thiiow^tt  i»lto»  WilUsiiji  and  S^a^y  ibCcfcded)  haa. 
cexwd  tffi88.    X^«9  %|i^^cceeded WiUiaigo iibd  Maty 
ftt  i76^j  to  ^om  ended  thei»r^tc«lant  Ifite  of  Charles  I. 
<?f^  I-  C%  l?<a?re  of  Haiioycr  afce&d^lhe  thtone 
M  i^t^^.  aM  flie.  facce^on  k,Hs  iiikcii   been  regular  in 

trninjii  <f  f rehmd  ♦«>  Qreftt-Bntamttqvkjkhicc*  after  » 
'WJirniicyj^Jl^Qfili  ij^^ 

■,.,1    -^   ::■■'■>-'  '     ^'^     ^.■",-  •■    '  .••.       ".'.['.  ■'.:'■■     ,f 


OMMAftlY. 

>»Aaist  aifo  EtTJiiT. 


Hf^artA  e«ft  f  «W»«e»  f      ^d  .^^a  V^ff  fe    fc.** 

BQU^pL:^|:D  north/by  the  Oo^an  Ocean,  Denmark 
and  the  Baltick  1  eaft,  by  Poland  and  Hungary ; 
Ssmt^  by  SwiKzcrU&d  and  the  Ai|^  wl^  divide  it 


•>  .  f  ^f■^i■ 


^ 


..    I'iirtr  I  fii^  ^  «l*  «»i»mMo^  «^  K«nct  and  W 

IBtijie^  Moleljyi»  and  tlM|  |!^fi»  pr;Weafi?. 


Upper Sii»««y^      a.7«>.oo^  'iJirgim4*,i 


Ckmsstk 


l^w  Mart^ltmiiif  l4|fetia,  (^tenginj  iQ  the! 

Silcfia,  CMc^^io^  Jp(  tbe  tlomati  eitipirc) ;    ^    ■     ^       .,www,«^ 

Accord^g  |p.th«  Jatcft  accounts  Germany,  coauiii 
a«  i|li|]«>lMl    9f,  M^^  and  i<>tercxS 

fates,  iljHiWfispf:  aisiw  «iti?srr-|,^  aS 

la,p0o.wiia|j^ . ,     .,     -,  . ,  v:,    ;:    _^ 

JVwPf]    m  «oii|^  taa  boaft  of  a  givater  variety 
Df  noble,  Istfgp  tdteti  dban  Gkrwany .    At  their  h^ 

m&  of  m^m^Mf^h^ch  f<mtima»^d%a  be  mtm 
9My.}k^tm^i  r;vfer Mgbf  wo^  F|«eW  .^^Witf  t»  M 
grade,  m  Hungary,  Jj  bfo  tnroa4  tlMt  mij^^llnt^^ 
tireentht  T^t»and^!hr}|{iani;flii^oir%i^lMV«  b*Sf 
engaged  ion  h  |  and  its  eoHVttiie«icy  ibr  taiHage  c^'al|! 
Ihc^  cotiWriW  f^c^  ^WdS  it  paffes,  b  itHToii^ffa^i^ 
Thte  Il.tnofaie>  b^t^#r|  fo||t;»i«tS:  a  i>aft  Maimer  (,g^ 
cptaraas  and  wliirlpdbis  ;*hs  ftream  ii  fiili^^  ^nf  j|g# 
courfe,  withoQft  :iffik©flr^  mimt^^  ^#«i  iviti^l»,  it 
comtniteatober^ioi»m*  Tib  ot!^  MH!iaU»?i!f^ 
are^the  .I^i^e,  filbc, Oder,  mfiw,  ^liii^        , 

fittwioft  awl  tlM;  great  extern  orG^tnumfi  lt«i|.  tie  vkT* 
rmfis  ail^tant^;  i#l^  Mftlle  illmi%^ 
taJiWi  ftn^  iwfd  Hfrg^  rJ^er^  ii^  lli(i«l(|t  ke  led  tv  d^ 
pea,  whk  Wa<3u^y  fiiid,  a  greatTarivtf  aiwlflea^ 


s$« 


c^ui^mt. 


of  ttl^nt  prod«)A»oiu.    Tl^nordieniy  siiid€6idl||fti|c: 
ncirtaeafiern  pj;^  Turai#^i^^  as. 

fliutM  of  foxes^  b«air^^c#6ii|'f||^rMi*  I^^^ 

and  inHts  i  and  iht  ti^c^le  prbvihces^reat  Meatf  x^ 
ccflu*.  catf%  2»4  inthei>a}s.     Sah  is  fo<^nd  in  G^riimjr 
in  greater  «bttnd)u)e<r  and^{MlTlty,,  than  ti»  moft  other 
countriesl'     '■■ 

Givernmn^J  The  G^rmkir  en^trtt»whioIy,  till  the 
y^^0  yifz»  eoftneaed  itlth  Fraalie,  ifow  fotoA  cftate 
by  Welt^  or'inay  be  eonfidered  a$  a^conib^Hii^iEm  c^«p^ 
^  waiTck  of  |po  foT«iiei|;nt!e9y.  independent  of  each'  other^ 
bllt  cc^ii^ol^g  oiie  |»«liti«^  bodyi^nMjder  ati' ekaive 
bead,  caued  the  Emperour  of  Germany,  of  the  Jloman 
£inp|root.  All  ptbcr  rovereighs  allow  htnidie  firft:' 
rar^^fiong  the  European  monai^hli. '  Eigbt^'pfinces 
of  tlic  eoipire^  called  el«6lor|h  have  the  fjglit  of  ek^iMv; 
the  emperour.  The  ete4b>iiSr  aw  S^dtS  into- ec^le£- 
afiicalv^diteinpdral,.   .i^:--.^-,^--..  ;?.':..: *,^.., 


»f<kfi<vHc9t 


at- 


7^  ArcKfHfli«^  (if  titeaiw. 
'VtieArilillifli^  oif  Trrvtt. 
Tijbf  ArcMriftopof  GQl9fn«« 


orBbhtmia.. 
Parliitte  of 


;u]i! 


Tb(?  filcOor  of  Jlraiieahtirg;      , 
The  l»tafr  bf  Binnlwicfc. 
^,  1^«e«dfof  Hanovtn 

-^«5r.!f  Tlte  anur  «f»^H«*»|>M«r|ii>ffi  complete^, 
juiift  amount,  according  to  jwreemente  iq.  MUti,  toi. 
lt,ooo infantry  aod  12,000  oav«ff|^  :  •    :/    ,V 

^^fefAwO  ^ncctbff^rm^.tbfr.  Homan Cadu^ 
Xv^^t  LmbffaiH*li4.tbe  CalviiuA,  gwieiraily  calk* 
Ibe  IMEirflMd  %lig«^  the  eftabliOied  re- 

)A$s0if^nf^Gemasi%e  The  M  prevaik  in  tbe  fomli  o^ 
Oe»BMi^rthe<Uitb<raii  ia  tbe  ncvtlirai^  tbe  Refoofm- 
t4««lpitbtillhmc^,  ,   •>,,  .    ''m^. 

Ca09k2,  ym^m^f  OB  tbf  Daottbtristte  capital  el 
Ai4irit|  iod  of  ibe  whole  Geiman  empire ;  and  is  the 
feild««ipeo|lb«^^perour.       ; 

J^ifmimi^%   TbeOef^ns^anb^^ftofagitater 
»^bcr  c^~u£ini^^ii«oyimts  aAd  %feBtiotis  In  arts  and<^ 
fc|eQC<<»  tb^  iwy<i)«i^r  Eprqpean  Airtl^    t^ybave 
tb#  honour  of  ibmoing^tbe  il^oCtiUmiiigi  gibouilM^^- 


Mlt7S$t4. 


3^ 


m^^^ct,  yiras  the  foi^kiftr  of  ^  Gctman  eih:. 

and  Ms  fttcciitoi^.LeoiH^  Marci  1! 

»W.  ^ei>*'efenitj#mper9ttr»rfancls.  -  "^ 
The  G^'ihan^mplte,^ when  donildereJ  as  qiite  fihsk 
p»i|r«r  or  ftitt^  with  the  emperour  at  its  he^,  is  of  ^ 
grwt  pplitpl  cOTftttaenctw  Ewope,  bwaiift  from 
Aft  mc^ttality  tOid  weak  cpiiMmm  of  iu  paHa,  aad;  th^- 
tf  fferent  naittre  jf  th#hr  gdvdrnmttnti.  from-  th^  hiTik* 
T^^  ^  "^  •**  coittpafed  army,  and  above  all,  fitft 

hif™^     •  '•^^  coaipa^l  and  * 


npHS^  cowjt^^  ^^,„g^  tt^  yii.  ajojp,^  af^ 

m  kmi^om  jlf^^  %|fe»3«  bouniea  n*»rth^  WS  5 
Samog.ua4  f<mth,hy  PfthwdProp^^^ 

Prulfia  f«cnd,  to  5|^j|T5,  audi*  dil^  U^T^ 

The  countriVrwhl**  krr' depfiMi.»i»  .  I4SIS1 

Kttifian  Mo^hy  are  Itr  n^vaitaiSttAoikHb  o<^|«dth« 
er,  w.th^tcf^ft^  to  fmiftty  artd  fii  arlldes  #^ 
prodftce.  r^e  kirtgdMit  cl  Pm(jb:  beuig  tgi  mol 
northern  p^it  of  thelilo«ar«liy,  •*  rS%c5%  «iiibcK 
S!*L»«»»  Jf*;^^* ^?*.  M»<i  peltry^ofaB  ibits.  and  ctoc^ 
tftcieartttles.  Amberly  exported  annoiiry,  C0«#^f^« 
0;:  cff  jo,obo  ddl«r»:    Pi-uffiit  wahti  to/a«dliiii» 

»teK|H,ck  o^p,^^U.;^d.^^^^^  The  fum 

accruing  tO|dieKingfitJi^^e  anhiestalfion^t^  800,009. 
*»  m,  and  the  prom»'of  private  proprietor  to  co^VSod 
aoiurs.    Five  thoufand  handa-are  employed  in  the  liJb 


IS4 


m^m^* 


^   valu«.i>f6iBiUtoiMofdoliaFs,  ^tir  t»iu^»Skarii  oi 

employ  upvrirtjU  iif  f ^f cpo %iich  anil  Ai  produce  of 

0^'l4il  Tfi^mf-J  Ko«itN09B«iiQ»  a  city  ofrotand.  the 
Cjmiul  dp  D^al  ?rui&Atan4  <4't^  Kmg  o£X^ 
Pmifli  4fi|liiiHQmft  M  fitiiatied  i^jj^pftw  Breg^U  over 
^btch  ,it  bias  feytivbrid^eii.  Acc^d^to  Bofching^ii^ 
is^i)ev«&  n|U«6  in  .<i;^ciiqiferencc«  apd  cc^i^ulns  |,ScO' 
"^  bo^«l  ami  about. 6p|p^  ia|b^^aiiUA,  k«nv?rbfi% 
nav%a^ii  liir^pSf  ^  kft  made  a  cojawrabjs'figure  in. 
^emsK^nitrplii  mot)4>    A  univ^^ty  was  lbund#d  at 

.  B«abtip%  um  capital, c|  the  J^ffiati  domrnloiis  m 
G€rBia»y>  4tiiated<B0t|Mi  |K««r  $^ree)  m  tlie  Maf^iUatr 

tfi  effeds  wirlittll«fMac^^.«ile»  hti^i^w)iic)|:ihe  yields 

tibc  motlo^^lHi^rliolf,  fliei^if^ljeifeas  f ffloiiriflii 
ing  jMi^tes,  0i  ptiiAfX^tcii^f^x^,€^^^^  dif*^ 

9«lt«|if  tt  evci^r  branch  ^.  .admtnil|ratio<iit  ai|d  m  a  for^ 
|ii|d^^  xniiUary  J(i'rfngi^.1ba%l^v(^  f«u^  doijicqucnce 
|(^lj£|  ^^j|S»Qi,||»^^<^>^  and  U- 

fimifi^ftraupA  drj^(H^^.i«  lifcew'ife  |^miia%  fimphfied 
ittd  exec\ited  with  unparalleled  quickiiefe. 

^l^der  jil  i^n  of  the  late  king,  Frederick  the 
C^tf^ alt  ftdi^orChrifKaivs  lived  peaceably  togttherr 
^cailis  the  eftabit0ied  reltgifWi^^W^  the  reiVtrmed, 

^ilil^pcAiNrt>  to  (Vpp^  t&ie  of  a  di&rem  perAiafion. 
Roni^  t:atht;^i^fes  and  kws  at%  very  numerous  in  the 
^^%ti  ^hammx  th^  ei^  dic^oft  pif fcaifrecv 


•  .*.^'.'.  'i_'*'>itIx.*:-'JE:s^,-«v. 


jlf,,^j*?:: 


»t   VU%<  «.*yit«.t»v  w*    wi«v.>»    ivitK^i 


-rf>^(.^  tr  i78[!^^e  army  dCf  Ma^ifiouiitift* 


mefi. 


^^^,- 


^'.fj^-. 


Fl»mxes.}  'l*hc  fitiaincet'o^  ^i»  »6iiarclif  anoitnttl' 
93  naiUions  of  dcUstrs. 

IfiMjfA  Pruifia  yn»  tnci^atiy  ndiabited  by  aa  idol- 
«Wya8,?uid  cr*iel  ijeople.  TKfe  baiWtr  «»<«  mrsiget  Aey 
3f  **  'ffe^^lt'E^^i'Si^pon  th^  iieigfcboiiw,  obKged 
CoBTad,  BukedrMam^v!a,aBotitthelfliddle«rt]|<;iSir. 
tectxdi  ceniury,  to«all  to  his  affiftance  the  Knightt  ofthe 
Teutonjck  order,  who  Were  j«ft  reftimed«r^  the  holy 
land.  Thefe  Knights  ^hofe  a  grand  inafter;  and  attadc- 
<d  thofe  people  wiAih^cers,  and  alter  abloody  war  of 
fifty  years,  reduced  theni  to  ohfdielice  and^bliged  theib 
^.^^"  Cbrittianity.  Thiy  nmuined  their  coa- 
Wfkm  i5«5, when  Aibirt.  Miugravt  of  Bhidehhiir#. 

alf  Prfalitk,  ^eded  ^  -^tftetti  ^'^o  the  Siftg  of  P^ 
land,  aftd  was  aclHDowlei^d  daft^  tp  0ie  iSttHerti  pa^ 
huWbteheWai»WldlJNfc«igdoia:    The  d4o^ 

S***"!*?  »n  «<5^  ofctainfda «oa^*iiiatkm  of^is |4t  of 

ippi.'Tke  was  decialred  hidq>esdeii|  and  foveiviirti  duke. 
Vm  thefe  tMes,  and  asOfsiMliaaer  6f  die  T^utdfeiik 

Wi^,  i^  4e  #t%^  Brntolo  a  hbgd^,  and™ 

theenjpii^,  placedth^^^wn,  with  his  own  hall^«;  iMi 
his  head  j  foon  after  ni^ch  he  was  Ackndwiedbedis 
Xhig  of  Pr«ffi>  by  all  the  other  £iiro«»iippw«tt. 
Fwderick  IIJ.  died  Anjpiftl  7.  i7«^  ahd  wasfeeed- 
edby  »MS  nephew,  Frfederick  WiUiam;  the  pc«ibl  Kntk 
1^0  washoh.  in  ^e  year  1 744.  "v     ?  ^s  ^^^ 


-?  f 


"■1*;;"V 


AUSTRIA. 

■■'.■■.  •         ■   '^^  /-  .  ■      f 

oonia^jifljrqiwlate 
AiiArian  ifeher- 


M9i?avia,|^ 


wlopf  CQ  di«  6im^  «9^^, 


3^ 


^mTi^4u 


Buckowina,;GalHc»a  and  X.odoiniria  icpomii^Sp  which 
arc  ifif|ftp«ifdeiit  .f^^lbe  G«r>niu>  empire. 
^  WfMt^kmmfff^  V#3  Th«  provinces  of  the  Auf- 
|ria«  i|^<^r4;ij»  arc.aot  onI]r  ^vii^rabljr  fitnate^  at  to 
^j^msaxy  ^t  thiey^iiijiyie  re<iloi»4A«K>ngft  4>«  tAtA  fer- 
tae  i»  Jturf^.  T|iere  is  fcaroelf  anf  y^^loiiMe  ^rodua 
lij^ich  is^MAfto  'hem£t  with  in  th«in..  fidiemia  pro- 
4Mca9^|i4  «3y»<^  '4a'>  ^ool»J^(d;c¥«»flc|fit,hiqf«,  ktm, 
^c)vM%  eoMl,  *  viuio),  bti9>Ao9C»  libmi,  g9rset;$,  and 
fKH^.pre^^t  ftones-;  it  impoits  ^t,  yi'mtt  iiU;^  xot- 
ff^o,  ipiccs,  Ap.  ^fy^fi  t|fP  wh^s^  y|l)^e  of  exports 
CKe^ds  tha(t  oftli^-Jilip^  |>7  >;wo  Jk4UoI^  of  florins. 
^*W%  «ipoits  l«u^  lf|ipHit|fs  of  |fpe%  ipd  ]il<»r»via 

,^    k>i|i».i6#  {^!2!^  Qf  4i4iM>  Jl9>ion|it«  to4ie  vilne  of 
'i|  minions.    ^?^  «|E«iru  of  |^fp  Ai>M9i  to  th(e  Ia* 


A9I 


^.«i|d  i:;^ffr 

Wnt  fluaotiJuos 


^icw  Hf^ji  paflEf Sr  il#«p^*p|^ 
ia^^p^firiiM 

^a«$i.  %m^^ii^pi€ijrjiaii#-is,#^        Tt^ 

i^liie,  43(101^  ^|)ifiiai|ds  |ar¥A  ^mlm  ifamwjbr 

leneis,  of  SJrhich  the  j^m^t  ^^f^ii9  IW?f  WW 
brings  a  great  deal  of  money  into  the  country. 
'  Viciiifia  is  the  xuutal  of  .die  circle  of  AiiAm*  aind 
is  the  refideiice  of  me  Emperour  of  the  whole  empire  of 
Germaay.  It  is  a  p^WfimA^^^nng  rity,  and  the 
princes  M  the  Hcui(^  of  A<iftria^ave  omitted  nothing 
^at  c6|^d  contribute  to  iu  graadeor  and  ridM^    lu 


#i|Mff<IV«J 


tUMU|(BC9^pf 


nmmiftf^  mpfc  iff^apoff 


-t:  J 


HMMUIKPy 


^'  ■•''*' 


•Hi. 


ir: 


"inieir  clebuii^alyut  2oo.ooo,ocaofflorfni. 
^i7/ij»0  ahe  Auftrian  army,  according  to  the  recti- 
lation*  of  1779,  amounted  iQ   i8t,ood.  ^ 

rfie  eaafehOied^igioa  ^f  the  «,ft»rchy :  SeSTre 

Mpnmng^to^  the  Gema«  t«|iW.     In  HtiJ^^^hl 
nuapbtr  o|  f  roteftants  »  ft,  grent  that  fince  tErf 

ntr%**:!?/^^^^r^'**^^'°'-    There  are, >er,des  ma 
ny  thopfand  Gre.,k»,  aif.oop.Je^„^ab«,t  co^Sco 

the  begi^n,|g  qf  a,e  picfep,:  retj^,.there^cre  upwaa-ds 

^ly  red«ced^.U4,.     Th*  arts  and  fia«nces"hSl 

g^.    pe  e^^pefour  jQftpJi  approj^iaM  the  ^reScft 
par4;  ofi^t  jf,r«ji^s  aKao«iro»«  th?eftate»  of  tf e  S 

ahdthecncouragementafipra^yfiwit.  v^^ 


:m.'-,U. 


;--%■  vK 


KINGDOM  OF  pOHfiMrA. 

lB«1oagingtb  the  AuftrJsin  ^Wpnarchy.J 


'  Miles. 


Situation  AND  EXTENT. 


^^Jjfl  bet^eni4?^^nd5^:  N  iktitodk 
JJreadth  3  22  j  "| ,  ,0  ^^^^j  ^ ^o  £^  j^^, 

-ffoww/fow/.}  "Il^^^fc^O  V  Saxooy  and  Bnm. 
u«j  ^  TT  ^"^  denburg,  on  the  north;  by  l>o- 
land  m)«I  Hungary  on  the  eaft  ;  by  Auftria  Ld  B^t 
na,  on  the  fputh  ;  aqd  by  the  Palatinate  of  Bavaria,  ci 
tf^ei^ft.  formerly com^hending,  ,.  BohemiaPw/ 

jk*'  W^{  and  3.  Moravia.  *^^ 

encc  15  fo  large  thAtthe  gnmd  Pmiliro  a4yXft 


# 


!i38 


BOHEiiflA. 


fiege,  could  neter  completely  mrtfk  h>  The  Inhabit, 
tuits  are  coni|mted  at  8o»coo.  U  contains  al>ove  ico 
churches  and  chapels,  and  40'  clptftcrs.  Ii  is  a  pl:ice  of 
little  orno  ti1iidie»sind therefore  the  miJdlirig  inlnbitants 
are  not  weahhjr  ;  bntt  tht  Jews  are  f^^iid  to  carry  on  a 
large  comnierce  in^Jewe'ls  OltttntjJ  is  the  capital  cf 
•Moravia.  It  is  well  fbrtiHftcJ,  and  hss  niaiiufa^ures  of 
woollen,  iron,  clafs,  paper  and  guripowcler  !t  con- 
tains 1 1  >QOO  rmiabhants.  Breil«iw  is  the  capital  cf 
6»lefia. 
C  Catnmerce  and  Manufa^res'\     Sw  Auftria. 

CmJHtuthn  and  Gavetnfnht ']  ihe  forms,  Irid  only 
the  forms,  of  the  old  Bohemian  conftitation  ftlllfuhlift  ; 
bnt  the  gnvcmmcnt  o|ider  the  Eihpcrour  is  dpfpOlitlc. 
Their  ftates  are  comrpoftd  of  the  clergy,  tiohility,  gen- 
try,  and  reprefentati^s  of  towns     "^ 

ff^ery.2  The  Bohemian  m>bility  nfed  to  j-left  their 
own  princes,  thou^  the  emperours  of  Germany  fomc- 
thnes  impofed  a  kmp^  updn  them,  and  at  length  ufurped 
that  throne  themfclves.  In  the  year  1 45 8,  A  Ibei  t  I L 
©f  Auftria  i-cceived  three  crowm,  that  of  Hungary, 
l^e  Empire,  and  Bohemia. 

In  i5i4,JohnHufsand  Jerome  of  Prague,  two  of  the 
fir  (I  reformers  and  Bohemians,  were  burnt  at  the  coun- 
cil of  Con  ft  aiice,  though  tl>e  Eraporourot  Germany  had 
given  them  his  protections  This  occafipQcd  an  infur- 
region  in  Bohemia.  The  people  of  Prague  threw  the 
Emperour's  officers  out  of  the  windows  of  the  council 
ehamber  ;  and  the  famous  Zifca,  af^mbling  an  army 
of  40,000  Bohemians,  defeated  the  Emperour's  forces 
in  feveral  engagements,  and  drove  the  Imperialifts  out 
of  the  kingdom.  The  diviiioas  of  the  HuflStes  among 
ijicmfelves  enabled  the  Emperourto  keep  polTeffion 
of  Bohemia,  though  at)  attempt  was  made  to  throw  off 
tliie  Imperial  yoke,  "by  clewing,  in  th6  year  161 8,  a 
Proteftant  king,  in  the  perfpn  of  the  ft'i^ct  Palatine, 
fbn-in>!aw  of  James  1,  of  England.  H#wa$  driven 
from  Bohemia  by  the  Emperour's  generals,  and  being 
Ibtpped  of  his  other  dominions,  was  forced  to  dejpend 
jOD.  the  court  of  £n|^nd  ror  a  fu^imencC'  Adti  a 
-war  of  3:0  years  duration*  v^ich  defolated  tl|e  who!,$ 
empire,  the  Bohemians,  fince  that  time  hstve  remained 
ful^^  to  th«  HoufC'  of  Auftri^ 


h;;ngary. 


319 


HUNGARY. 

(Bct^ngiogtu  the  ^oufc  of  Auftria. J 
'  SITUATION  AND    KXTBNT. 

Wh  "ooV  r.^c'i,  ,3.E.  Ion.   {^'f""' 

BreidUi  too  J  »**''^**'»  (450  ^^^j^^^o  ^^  ^^  j  36,01^ 

SoupuiariesA  R^J^NlJED  nortli  by  Poland ;  eaft 
r  „»k  u  at  "^^  ^y  Tranfylvanta  and  Walachia  ; 
f<w«h  by  Sdawma  ;  vwft  bjr  MoraviV  Divided  into 
Up^  Humary,  north  of  rhc  Danube,  capital,  Prcfi 
btfrjf  ;  and  -6W  ^i,;|j^ry,  fdtith  of  the  Danube,  cap. 
ital,  Buda.     N,  lat.  47'»>o'  £  Ion.  i9«»  ^o',  ^ 

Rrwr,  J  -Illiftfe  are  tbe  I^inisbc,  I>rave,  Save,  Tfcyfle.  ' 

-^>,  ^Itand  Product-}  The  air  in  the  fouthern  parts 
o^  Hungary  is  very  unhealthy,  owing  to  ftaenatedwa- 
tcra  in  lakes^  and  marihes.  The  air  in  the  northern 
parts  IS  more  ferene  and  healthy.  The  foil  in  foroe 
parts  18  very  fertile,  and  produces  almoft  every  kind  of 
truit.  Fiiey  have-  a  fine  breed  of  moufe  coloured  hor. 
fes  much  e.'teemed  by  mllifary  officers. 

i?<?/f^/<»«^rrheeftabli(hed  religion  in  Hungary  is  the 
Roman  Catholick,  though  the  greater  part  of  the  in- 
habitants art  Proteifants  or  Greeks  ;  and  they  now  en- 
joy tke  full  exercife  of  their  religious  liberties. 

Government  J  By  the  conflituion  of  Hungary  the 
crow  isjilj  1  held  to  be  el^^ive  Thh  point i^ not  dif- 
puted.  Af  tj«  's  inuiVd  on  is,  that  the  heir  of  the 
Houfe  of  Auftrk  (hall  be  cle<acd  as  often  as  a  vacan- 
cy happens. 

^  The  regalu  0/  Hungary,  confifting  of  the  crown  ancH^ 
fcepire  ot  bt^Stephen.  the  W  king^ar.  depoiitedl^ 
Prefburg:     Thefc  are  carefully  fecured  bv  feven  l^.l. " 
«uc  keys  ot  which  are  keptby  the  fame  number  of  Hu^ 
ganan  ncibhtmciv    Na  prince  is  hckl  by  the  po|»3ftc« 


340 


TRANSYLVANIA, 


••  legally  their  fovereign  till  he  be  crowned  with  the 
diadem  of  king  Stephen  j  and  ihey  have  a  notion  that 
*^c  fate  of  their  nation  depends  upon  this  crovn's  re- 
maining  in  tUeir  pofllfliob  ;  it  has  therefore  been  al- 
ways  ttitMvcd  in  times  of  danger  tu  places  of  the 
greatcft  fufet^. 

Chief  Town/.l  Prcfburg  N.  lat  48*  20',  E.  Ion.  if** 
so'  in  U>per  Hungary,  is  the  capital  of  the  whole  kins;- 
dom.  U  well  built  on  the  Danube,  and  like  Vienni . 
has  fuburbs  more  magnificent  iluin  itfelf.  In  thi^  City 
the  States  of  Hungary  hold  their  affemblies,  and  in  tlic 
cathedral  church  the  fovereign  is  crowned. 

HiJioryA  This  kingdom  is  the  ancient  Panncnia, 
Julius  Caefar  was  the  firll  Roman  that  attacked  Hun- 
gary, and  Tiberius Vubdued  it.  The  Goths  afterwards 
look  it  J  and  in  the  year  376,  it  J)ccame  a  prey  to  the 
Huns  and  Lombards.  It  was  annexed  to  me  Empire 
of  Germany  under  Charlemagne,  but  became  an  inde- 
pendent kingdom  in  920.  It  was  the  feat  of  bloody 
wars  between  the  Turks  and  Germans,  from  1540  to 
1739,  when  by  the  treaty  of  Belgrade,  it  was  ceded  to 
the  latter,  and  is  now  annexed  to  the  German  empire. 
Formerly  it  was  an  aCemblage  of  diflfbrent  ftates,  and 
Stephen  was  the  firft  who  ailumed  the  title  of  king,  in 
the  yea»  997.  He  was  diftinguiflicd  with  theappellatioa 
of  Saint,  becaufe  he.tirA  introduced  Chritliaiuty  into 
this  country. 


TRANSYJ^VANIA,  SCLAVONIA.CROA- 
TIA,  AND  HUNGARIAN  DALMATIA. 

WE  have  thrown  thefe  countries  under  one  divif- 
.  ion,,  fbrfeyeral  r/;afons,  and  particularly  be- 
caufe we  have  no  account  lufficicntly  exaft  of  their  ex- 
tent and  buundarres.  The  beit  account  of  thcrii  foirows : 
Tranfylvania  belongs  to  the  Houfe  of  Auftria  and  is  , 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Carpathian  mountains, 
which  divide  At  from  Poland  ;  on  the  ealt,  by  Molda- 
via and  Walachia  J  on  the  footh,  by  WaUchiaj.andonthe 


SCLAVqNiA,&Ci 


W 


wed,  by  Upper  and  Lower  Hungary.  It  lies  beutcij 
12  and  ay  dfgreei  of  e%ft  longitude,  and 45  and  48  ot 
north  latitude.  Its  length  is  extended  about  185,  and. 
its  breadth  1 20  ntiilei,  and  contains  nearly  1 4,490  fquare 
miles,  but  is  furrounc^d  on  all  fides  by  hig)i  mountains* 
Its  produce,  vegetables  and  animals,  ar«  almoft  (hk 
fame  with  thofe  of  Hungary.  Catholicks,  Lutherans,, 
Calvinifts,  Socintans,  Arians,  Greeks,  Mahometans  ^4 
other  Seaaries  here  enjoy  their  feveral  religions. 

Tranfylvania  is  part  of  the  ancient  I  Acia»  the  in- 
habittnts  of  wWch  long  employed  the  Roman  arms,  be- 
lore  they  could  be  fiibdued.  The  Tranfylvanlans  cai% 
*^^'"g  '.«?to  the  field  30,000  troops.  Stephen  1.  King 
of  Hungary,  .inlfddaqed  Cferiaianity  tlicre,  about  thd 
year  1000.  <    ,    .    -_  '!  ,  ■;-„'•     ' 

Sclavonia  lies  between  the  i6th  and  ajd  degrees  of 
eaft  longitude,  and  the  451  h  and  47tb  of  north  latitude. 
It  is  thought  to  b^  about  200  miles  in  length  and  ^o  ia 
breadth,  arid  contains  about  io,oco  fquare  mile&.  It  U 
bounded  by  the  Drave,  Oq  the  north  ;  by  thcDaoube, 
on  the  eaft  J  by  the  Satevon  tl?e  fouth  ;  and  by  itiria 
in  Auttria  on  the  wefti  The  Sclavonians  are  ztalous 
Roman  C^hoJicks,  though  Greeks  and  Jews  are  toler- 
ated. In  1746,  Sclavonia  yras  united  to  Hungary, 
and  the  ftates  fen. I  reprefcntjatives  to  the  diet  of  Hun- 

Croatia  lies  between  the  f  ctharid  .7th  degrees  of  eaft 
longitude,  and  the  45th  and  47th  of  north  htiiude.    ft 


to  thofe  of  the  Sclavonians  and  rranfylvanians,  who 
are  their  neighbours.  Catolitadt  is  a  place  of  foir.e 
note,  but  Zagrab  is  the  capital  of  Croatia*    - 

Hungarian  Dalmatia  lies  in  the  up^r  part  of  tlie 
Adr.auckSt.i,  arid  confifts  of  5  dillrifts,  in  which  the 
paoft  remarkable  placeiare  8cgna,  which  is  a  royal  free 
^?^J  *'^''5!fi^l?  ^y  Patiire  and  l>y  art,  and  fituated  neat 
Jhe  fea,-^  a  bleak  niouritairi.  .us  and  barren  foil  ;  and 


■■•■  w   .» 


143 


POLAND  AND  LITHUANiA'. 


POLAND  AND  LITHUANIA^. 


Miles. 


SlTVATtOH    4Nl^£fTSNT. 


Length,  700 


} 


between 


f  iC*  and  34'*  E.  long. 
1 46**  -«'"-'*  --0  --'  ^ 


iJreadih  680  J  "-^"'•*"    J^go  ^^z  ^^^  ^^o  ^^r ^  ^^^^ 

BEFORE  the  extraordinary  partition  ofthis  conn* 
try,  by  the  king  of  Pruffia,  at4«d  by.  the  Emper- 
our  s^nd  Emprefs  Queen,  and  the  Bmprcfsof  Ruffia, 
ivhich  event  happened  Ance  the. yi?ia^  177*, the  king- 
dom of  Poland,  with  the  Dmchy  of  i.ithuHPta  annexed, 
was  bounded  north,  by  Livonia,  Mufcovy  and  the  Bal- 
tick  ;  eaft,  by  Mufcovy  j  |puth  by  Hungary^  ^uikey 
and  Little  Tartary  ;  v/eft  by  Q<rmm\y,  Goiataining 
330town«.-^-  i 

In  Poland,  were  villages,  av377.  cron vents  for  nuns 
86,  nobleroea's  eftates  >2,032,  abbeys  37,  convents  of 
inonk$  579,  houfes^  in  general,  1,674,328,  peafants 
1,243,000,  Jews,  5C0i000.       / 

ZHvi/hnu^  1  he  kingdom  oflPoUnd  fbrpoerly  contain^ 
ed  155  towns,  and  was  divided  into 

I'.  Great  Poland*       5.  Courland.       9^  Pbleiia. 

i»  Little  Poland.       67  Lithuania.     19.  Red  kufHa,, 

5.  Pruffia  Roy al>.       7*  Maffovia. ;    11.   Podolia. 

4.  Samogitia.  8.  Podolachia.  12,.  Volhinia. 

By  a'manifefto  pablidied  March  25,.  1795,  this  un- 
fortunate  country  underwent  anotlurr  ea^iflon  which 
Jeft  to  the  kingdom  of  Polind,<^r^  pf  its  linallefl  prov« 
Inces,  viz.  Majovioi  Samogitia,  and  Podolachia^  cc)Titainf> 
ing  20,coo  fquare  mile^  out  of  22^,000  which  for mer^ 
ly  belonged  to  this  kingdom. 

In  ,1795,  the  king  formally  xefigned  his  crown  at 
Grodno,  and  was  a  ftate  prifoner  till  his  death  ;  and 
all.  Poland  ha^  fluce'been  in  pofleffion  of  a  foreign  force. 

Wealth  and  Commerr^.\  Poland  was  one  of  the  weak- 
/efl  ftates  in  Europe  owing  to  the  oppreilion  of  the 
trades  people  in  the  towns  and  the-flavery  of  the  peaf- 
amry.  If  the  (kill  of  the  natives  in  agriculture  bore 
any  propoxtion  to  the  fertility  of  the  foil,  it  mi^thave 
been  one  of  the  richeii  countries  In  toe  world  ;>  for 
though  a  large  part  of  it  lies  uncultivated,  it  exports 
no  inconfiderable  quamity  of  corn.  Want  of  indulry 
and  of  £recdoi»^  wer^  the  9(^1^  reasons  ^atthc  &|||atfce 


.   POLAND  Am)  LITHUANIA.  543 

of  trade  wai  fo  much  agamft  Poland,  The  export* 
from  thi'a  country  arc  cctn,  heflip,  Iliix,  horfcs,  cattle^ 
(about  ioc,oco  oxtn  every  year)  peltry,  timber,  n.et- 
aU»  manna,  wax,  honey,  «:e  the  value  of  vfhh  1,  in  the 
year  1,77,  amottnted  to  nearly  30  mllli©rt&  oi  dolUrl. 
The  miports,  coniifting  chiefty  of  wine,  cbtb»  filk,  hard 
ware,  gold,filver,  Eaft,  and  Wcft-lndia  goiius,  were 
fUj.pofed  to  amount  to  no  lefs  th  n  47  miUiont  of  dollari. 

GiverntHcnt.]  What  their  m  ;re  powerful  and  tywn^ 
j»ical  neighbours  are  plr afed  to  apnoint. 
\^Rfli£hn.^  ll>e  eftaWifted  rtY\^\o'  '  ^h«  Rcraaik 
Cathofick.  Protcftahls  to  whom  the  ,  u.me  i,i  Diffident* 
i3  now  conffned,  are  tolerated  The  t»<;^^er  c  he  Fope 
and  of  the  Prieils  is  very  great. 

Populathn,1  Pi-evious^  to  the  ittfr  ij,>Tment  of 
this  kingdom,  in  177*,  its  iphabitants  anriOunte4  to 
14,000,000,  afterwards  to  9^006,000  j  aow  siil  are  fub» 
je<Jl  to  other  powers.  '  ' 

Capital^  Warfaw,  fitaated  on  the  river  Viftula,  iik 
the  centre  of  Poland,  contains  70,000  inhabitarts. 

Hijiory.l  Poland  was  anciently  the  country  of  the 
Vand^U,  who  eniigrated  (rOm  it  to  invade  the  RO|ha» 
empire.  It  w^as  ereAedinto  it  dmchy,.of  wWch  Lechuft. 
was  the  firft  Dake,  A^  D.  694.  In  this  time,  the  uffe 
of  gold  and  filver  was  unknown  to  hU  fubjeas,  their 
commerce  being  carried  pn  only  by  exchange  of  goods. 
It  became  a  kingdom  in  |he  year  iqoo  ;  Otho  11 R 
Emptfrour  of  G^manj,  conferring  the  title  of  King  on 
BoUnausI.  Red  Ruffia  was  added  to  tins  kingdom, 
by  Boleflaus  IL  who  married  the  heirefc  of  that  country 
A.  D.  1059.  Difmembered  by  the  Emperour  of  Ger- 
many, tl  e  tmprels  of  Ruffia,  and  the  king  of  Pruflla,, 
who,  by  a  partition  treaty,  feiaed  the  moft  valuable 
territories,  1 772.  Thefc  nationshave  lately  made  anoth* 
er  partition  of  this  kingdom,  in  cpnfequence  of  which^. 
it  isfaid  ihe  King  and  Diet  of  Poland  have,  by  treat«> 
^formally  reeled  their  country  into  tlie  hand*  of  their 
oppreflprs.'  This  elfcat  took  place  early  iu  the  year 
1795. 

many  inKrcfting  particulars  refpeaing  this  country,, 
may  be  found  in  the  American  Univerfal  Geography, 
ToL  IL  p.  e54-»-502y  %<fiu  1796  wd  1801. 


*  1 


$44 


SWITZERLAND. 

SWITZERXANP^ 

SlTDATJON  AHO  KxTENT. 


}m 


«■  *i 


ween 


{6^*  and  1 1*  E.  IdngUmfe, 
45*  and  48"  N.  latitode. 


Mlie*. 
Brea'dtb   ICO 

•'JU  eaft,  by    Tirol,     iVent   mid    Lake 

Conftancej  fonth,  by  Italy  j  wptt^by  France,    v,,, 

Dhijtoaf.}  Switzerland!  k  divkled  into  thirtc|tk  tan- 
jo^s.  which  ftand  in  point  of  prece<|ejicy  as  follows  ; 
I.  Zurich  i  a.  Berne  j  5  Lwcfrnev  4.  Uri  j  5.  fSwitas  {4 
tJndcrwaW  }  7.  Zug  >  8.  GlarU  j  9.  ^afil  or  Bafje  j  10. 
Fribourg  t  1 1.  Soletare  ;  1 1,  Scaffliaufe  ;  13,  J^xypenzt^, 
Oiks.}  BiiRKByOn  the  river  Aar,  poni^ips  10,50010- 
Kabiianu.  pA>iL  or  Ba$  le,  on  tte  b^nlcs  of  the  lithine, 
contains  tto  ftreeis,  and  by  foxn^  h  reckoned  the  capi- 
tal of  all  Switzerlartdy  15,600  inhabitant?. 

Rivert.]     The    prineipal  rivers  are'  the  Rhine  jind 
Khoiie,  both  of.  whick  rift  iri  the  Alp*. . 

4/r»  S^iland  Pir<4i^UioHr,^      fbis   co«ntry  is  full  of 
Inbiincains  >  pn  the  tops  of  ixm^  of  them,  the  feow  r^- 
|j9gin»tli«  y^fir.rdttiid  ;  ;ihe  air  of  i^tmfcqji^ncc  Js >en, 
jaivd  tlie  froils  feycre.    In  fummer  the,  t6eqi>»Uty  of  the 
j^  H\\^^  ^e  fame  province  very  unequal  irtits  ftafons. 
JDn  one  fide  .of  the  mo^ntains>  callt^l  the  Alps,  tlje  in- 
^abit^iifits,  ^re  often   reaping*  while   they  are  /owing  on 
^llie  Ol^r,     'J  he  vallies,    "h  wevjer^  arc  w^riij,  fruuful, 
jWid  well  cult t vi^ted.     The  water  <>f  Swkz^rUnd  \%  ei- 
,9cUent,4ei*cc!HdittgiroitJthe  nsiouivtains  in  beautiful  cat- 
9ra(^5i  which  have  a  uioft  pleafmg  and  delightful  ^flfe^  ' 
Its  productions  are  flieepjCiatk|e»  wine,  flax,  wtieat,  b^r- 
icy,  apples,  peaches,  ^h€rrM..jhefntot|^  and  plunis.  ' 
Popuiati9m  an4  Charaaer.}  ,^  nuijiij^^  yihabit- 
am^rin  1793,  yifW   'i02o,QQfr,;:«         y 

The  Swifi  are  a  bravei  hm^fi  Ij} jdir^arfous  peop^,  i;e- 
JStt^rkabie  for,  the jr  fidelHy,  »?¥*  4ci^;6gal^^s  fttacfeen* 
to  the  >i,bcrtic;  of  their  ccpr^try,  A  general  fiippIicitT 
of  manners,  an  open,  unatfeited  frankncfs,  together  with 
^n  lAvi^ci'bJe  (bixit  of  freedom,  are  the^nott  diftinauJii- 

On  the  fill)  ^UpTiD'^e  iijto  ti^is.cqjii||try,  trav^ellc^s  q 
not  but  obTcnrit^^  ^«r  vii  coAttm  and  iaci^aatoo,  wl 


swr^zERL.\^tD. 


■^^l 


appears  in  the  cOuhteiknces  of  the  inhabitants.    A  taft6;^ 
for  literature  Is  prevalent  among  ch em,  from  tile  bigheft 
to  the  lo.weft  rank.     Thefe  are  the  happy  confequences 
of  a  mild  republican  governmenf.  . 

RtlighnA  The  eftabiiihed  religions  are  CaWintfVn  and 
Popery  j  though,  in  feme  doArinal  points,  they  difFcr 
much  from  Calvin,  their  fentinaents  on  religious  tpl- 
crati6n  are  mtich  lefs  liberal  than  upon  civil  gbve^ment^ 

Government^  frefort  the  late  revolution,  Switzerland 
comprehended  thirteen  cantons,  that  is,  fomanydriFer- 
ent  republicksy^  all  united  in  oiie  confederacy,  for  their 
mutual  prefervation.  The  gdvcrntnciit  "viras  partly  arif. 
tocrattcal  and  partly  democrattcal.  ^very  canton  wasabw* 
folu^e  in  its  own  jurifdidlion.  But  whether  the  govern., 
ment  v^as  ariilocratical,  democrattcal,  or  mixed,  a  gen- 
eral fpirit  of  liberty  pervaded  and  a^oaljed  the  fever  - 
conftitutions.  Thr  r«at  tntirefts  of  the- people  appear- 
ed to  be  attended  to,  and  they  enjoyed  a  great  degree 
efhappinefs.  ''■'  'V^'-v'-'^.^h.  ;  y --•-*>'./ 

By  a  revt)ltttioncffe<aed  by  French  influence  in  1 797t 
the  old  govWntkient  #as  changed  ;  the  13  independent 
governments  .iverc  abollfted,  the  name  of  Switzerland 
ehaflged  10  that  of  Helvetia,  and  divided  mto  2 a  eaiu 
tons,  and  eohfolidated  into  one  repuhliek. 

tiiftory.']  Hht  old  inhabitants/ of  this  country  iverr 
called  Helvctii }  they  were  defeated  by  Julius  C«f;ir,^ 
57  years  before  Chrift,  and  the  territory  remained  fub- 
jed  to  the  Romans,  till  it  was  conquered  by  th^  /\le- 
mans, .German  emigrants,  K,  D.  395  ;^howdte  ex- 
pelled by  eiovis.  King  of  France,  in  '490.  It  under- 
went another  revolution  in  «8H,  being  made  ^art  of 
the  kingdom  of  Burgundy  by  Conrad  II.  Empcitour  of 
Germany  j  fron^  whiclt  time  it  was  hold  as  parij  of  thr 
empire,  till  the  year  1307,  when  a  wry  fingularj  revolt 
delivered  the  Swifs  cantons  from  the  German  yolce. 
Grifler,  governOur  of  rhefe  provinces  for  the  Emltrour 
Albert,  haying  ordered  one  Williani  Tell,  an  i|liitlri- 
ous  Swifs  patriot,  under  pain  of  tjeath,  io  {hobj  at  an; 
apple  placed  on  the  head  of  orie  of  his  children,  ie  had 
the  dexterity  though  the  di (lance  Was  very  coaJidcrablc^ 
to  ftrikc  it  off  without  hitting  the  child.  The  tyrant 
perceiving  that  he  hdd  another  arrow  under  hi^  cloak*, 
•iked  him  for  what  purpdfe  he  iiitended  k  ?    HJe  boldc 


I 
I 


546, 


N]p:THERl4/VND§. 


ly  replied,  "To  have  (hot  yoij  (o  the  heart,  if  1*4 
h^d  ih^  rawfortune  to  kill  my  fon.*'  The  enraged  gov. 
«mour  ordered  hirn  to  be  hanged  ;  but' his  feUbw  citi- 
zens, ai^imated  by  his' fortitude  and  patriptifrn,  flew  to 
arms,  atta<jke4  ^nd  VHnqCti(he4  Grifler,  who  wasfhot 
de*d  by  Tcil.^and  the  independency  of  the  fevtral 
ftates  omi«  <?<^wntry,  bow  caljed  the  ThjH«en  Cantons, 
under  a  repubUcan  form  of  gov<*rnmcnty  took  place  im- 
naediatejy  j  wjilch  wa»  made  perpetual  by  a  league  a. 
»n<?n|5  themrdves„  In  th«  year  1315  j  s^hd  coi>firmed 
bjr  treaty  with  the  other  powers  of  Europe,  1649  Se- 
yen  of  thefi?  ?ai^iow  are  Ron^a  Catholicks,  ^nd  fir 


NETHERLANDS. 


THE  feventeen  provinces,  which  9$^  feonn* 
bjr-t^e  name  of  the  Neth«i[lands^,  vi?^e  formerfy 
p«rt  oCjQ*»JI»a  Belgica,  ancl^fter»rar4ji^f  th/?  (Ehrck  of 
B*IkJ¥W»  «r  Burgundy  m  tiic  German  ^pire.  ',V}^f 
obtwinid  t|i€  general  name  of  Ne|lier.l#i\d^,  jPaW  Bass, 
or  Low,  Countries,  fronj-.th^ir  fj^u44^  .i^  r^i^R^^^  t<>- 

"  49^  and  54^  Ff  Htt^A't* 


SJ-isol^'-I 


2*  and  7®  E.  i^on^gitude. 


Th^y  arc  Icioi^de^  hy  the  GermaTi  fe^  on  une  nortli  j 
by  Qfemi^ny  caft  ;  by  torr4iB  a^  France  fouth  ;  and 
hy  the  'BritifH  chan n  ej  weft. 

We  tiall  for  thed^ke  of  perfpicmty,  and  to  avoid  re- 
petition,  treat  of  the  feventeen  provjnces  under  twa 
great  oivilions  :  Firft,.  thf  north?rn»  which  con^aifvs  the 
feyen  tPnited  provinces  ufnally  known  by  the  nanpe  of 
Holland.  Secondly  the  Southern,  containing  the 
Anftri^n    and   French    NetherlsiTids.     Bovnt  changes 

viivS^C    ifMrn*,  u'f  i«tC    in%,%.     i  Tu^t jr  QJ  i.  AliS}  111  iricic  Ct»Uu- 

tries,  which  as  affairs  are  ftill  In  a  revolutionary  ftate, 
w^nptbef^articulariyi^oticed. 


•ftOCtANb. 


•:)  " 


347 


HOLLAND,  OR    the MSEITEII  tft«TED> 


I*cngth 
Bte.iUrIi 


Mile*. 


Situation  AMD  E^rDiT. 


8q.  Milct. 


.^^,.  j^ttween  I J^,  and 7"e  Jon.  j  *<^'°°« 

BOUNDEp  cnft,  bv  Germany  4  ibmh,  by  the  Auf- 
trtaft  arid  Frcn<ih  Nethcrbn^s ;  wea  and  north, 
by  d^e  Girmm  Ocean,  Qonttiin^ag  1 1 «  towns,  x,4«?b 
Villages.  '  . 

Dhi/tMs  and  Population, " 


Prmincei. 
Gcldcrlaod, 
HoUand/ 
Utrecht, 

Frftflaiidt   f 

Ctrpnoingen, 


fafulaiion. 

9«o,bod 
85^00 

140,000 

191(1,000 


CMffT&tffns. 

Nimiguent 
Amfterdam) 
Utrtcht, 
Middlebui^, 
I  'itvrardcn, 
Ocveoter,;    ^ 


13.000 

212,000 

^0,060 


Tdtar,  a,75«,«j*  in  t7Sj. 


■  «*- 


:^!^try  of  Dreitdie,  tmdfer  flie  protcaion  oftheU/ 
^-  tiAed  Provinces.  .  •  ^-^x;- o..,..  :;*.^.;  •^.•^.■^  ■',  ■  y  ',..^  •,.■•  ^ 

Xaiids  of  the  Generality,  commonly  cidled  Dtitcli 
Brabant,  435,006  kihabit^is.  Chief  town,  Boisle 
Due;  ia,oooinhAbitarti:Si 

/'#>«/.]     i.ht/ljla,    liiecoaft  bftiieiflandof 
Java  J  tlie  capital  <rf  which  is  Batavk,  the  feat  of  the 
govCTnonr-gentral  of  all  tlw  Eaft^India  llttifeinei^  <£ 
theDutck.    «.  Some  fettlemeAts  on  jh^^Sail  of  JStt^- 
S''  /'  A^\  greateft  part  of  the  Molucca,  or  Spice 
Mands  ;  chiefly  Amboyna,  »|ilda,Tcniate,Tidor,  Mo- 
dyr,Bachtan  ;  ftttlcments  or  fa^ftorics  on  die  iflandof 
Celebes,  &<*.    4.  On  the  coafts  of  Malabar  and  Coiro- 
mandd  ;  Sedratpatam,  Bimfipatan,   Tepatam,  Codi- 
te,  anti  Caftanore  J  fatftories  at  Sorat,  Petra.  5cc.  adfo 
2  '^e  Gulfof  Pcrfia,  at  Ganiron,  Baffora,itc.    5.  W 
tfte  illatid  Of  Ceylon*  the  chief  placets  eolumbditSieT 

*  great  iramber  of  lodges,  or  fa^riei. 

*  This  place  haw  been  ceded  to  the  EDgliOi. 


i  4 


m 


5  I 


5*8 


nohh^^xh 


a.  /*  /f/rka,  I.  The  Cape  of.  Good  Hope,  a  largt 
#iM?roj^tJ  of^^jilCh  the  Cwpetoww,  with  its  forucfs,  is 
the  capital.  There  is  alio  a  French  cqloAy  at  the  Cape, 
called  Nouve;lle  Jtbchclle.  Tlic  govcrnciur  (li' the  Cape 
doei  not  depend  QBij^egn^verDmir  of  fiataviu,  but  is 
tinder  die  ipiine^iatf  ,4<?iitrol  of  the  States  of  Holland. 
a.  '  Qepr^  <^c  |a  Miiii,  antt  other  forttreffcs  and  fa^o- 
ricsip  CyUiiiea.  ■:<;':  ,  .  ^..^.v...^:.; 

^.Jf$  Jhnetli^,    iv;t^eij9and«<?f.St,jltt(lati:i,S 
C*irr?c,oa.^  2..  Tlb^  colfSiies  of  i^equiho*  Dcnaarara, 
Su rif main,  'and  ^bice,  m  ihe  continent  o<  Q niana. 

n^tsaUh  and  ^mmercfi^  The  Seven  United  ^'rovinces 
lifbrd  U  i|lriking  p^ooft  iM)f t  unwearieti  and  ptrfeyering 
Indiiftr)^  IS  cagfhLe  c^con<iaering  every  diCadyantage  of 
^frajite  an<^  Tituation..  '  The.iiirljld  water  are  bad  :  the 
Ml  i^aturally^^roducesiparcely^^  thinj^  but  tarfi;  and 
the  pciffeflibii  omIiIs  foi|,  poor  as  it  is,  is  dtfj^ute^  by  the 
ocean,  which,  rifing  ^onfid^raWy  ahoTc  the  level  of  the 
knd/t:ar>inl7^jn^V(im^^  by  iVrongand  ^cpenfive 
c|rkei,  ffdiiti  o^^wlpiftg  i^ipot  which feems  to befto- 
Ien  ^om  its  nafui'li  dbtiams^  IjotwithftancUng  thefe 
^fficulUib;  v^l#  might  Teem  hiiuri^ountable  to  a  Icfs 
i«idtllftrif)%  M^i^fe,  %|>eilG^^ 
Dut^meahiive  rendered  t^  fmilK,  and  ff^e|i|ingly  iii- 


t? Scant  te^ritio»:yrbnc  of  %|i^^e|l4pot|?  In  Europe, 
|qr.a  wit|i  refpcjft  wpopv^atia;n  , 

tn  other  cdlintries,  whic^^re  pbflfe^ef  or  avarietyof 
natural  proflu4tioi»|,  jve  are  n0t  furpir|s^d  to  Jind  inan- 

tfe^ui'es  eiijploye4,i4m^tiplyihgi4ei  K  the 

oantyoftbe  (bilbeft^^s;  ^ut  to  we,  In.  a  country  like 
I^fiiiiikndii  large  woollen  fpanufa<£tufcs,  where  there  are 
fctarceiy ,  J  anf,  loplts ;  nu^i^erlefs  artifta  cifiplioyed  m 
metals,  v^rei|^re  lis  ^|Bi^  thoijif^ds  of  fkw  J^xXht 
lyhere  th€r|  is  ft:arc|ry  g^y  iwefts ;  ^xx  uonieofe  quan- 
^ty  of  cptnexpori^d'Jroin?^^  country  w^  there  is  not 
agrieiittt|^(r  ^ou^^  to  j^^M^  P^  half  of  its  iohabit- 
amsy  imiJI^lbiilceceYery.  obli^^  A- 

D^ng  the  mo{|>a}ti«bfelrb^u^iqhs  of  tiiis  country  may 
^i  reek^ded  their  exct^tent  catt)e.  Thfy  export  large 
^^!fe  4*^?#Sf'^*.L?^ietab[e  much  ufed  in  clying. 
rhcir  tilhwies^  ;yM4  a  cjl§^^^^  mpHons  bt 


•y 


t^ 


HOLLAND. 


S49 


part  of  the  world,  to  theexclufion*  infomc  branchcs'Sr 
all  their  European  competitoirs 

\^fnfit?'  ^  *»"«/'!*'-'  ^J»''chis  built  on  nflci  o^ 
wnri;  K     "  """^  V  ^  '^*^  "*''^  Commercial  cities  in  the 

w  t ^w  ""??  '^''*!;  ^''^  ^^'^^  '*^^  ^^^^'^  ^  Holland  i 
a»ul,  fl  this  celebrated  centre  of  an  iftiHiehrc  commerce 
a  bank  is  eftablifhed.  of  thatfpecies  called  a  G^o  Bank! 
of  very  great  wealth,  and  greater  credit.  ' 

♦rJSr''''"i*' ?  F''°'"  *^^  K'^'^'  confederation  of  U- 
theslVrn  Ti^y'"^  »579.  till  the  late  revolution, 
ul^lT  U"««iP»ovmccs  were  one  politicalbody! 
united  for  the  prefervation  of  the  whole,  of  wh  ch  each 
fmgle  province  was  governed  by  its  owri  laws,  and  er- 
jrcifed  moft  of  the  rights  of  a  fovereign  ftate.  In  c^. 
fcquencc  of  the  umoa»  the  Seven  Eravinces  guaraateeil 
each  other's  njghts.  they  made  war  and  peace,  they  lev- 

^^*  ^' '  V^**'  ^P^^  *=*P^'^y  •'  ^"^  a»  to  internal 
govenmient  «ch  provmce  was  mdt^erident  of  the  othtt- 
provinces,  and  of  the  fuprcme  powir  of  the  republic* 

rtirVT*  "[^"^  »",'»^«  O'der  they  are  mentioned 
They  fent  deputies  chofcn  out  of  the  provincial  ftates! 
to  the  general  aflembly,  called  the  Sfafa  Ge.^^i  S 
w^in^ftedw^ththempremelegiflative  powe/JtS 
confedewtiom  Each  prdvince  might  fJnd  a.  ma^ 
taembew  as^  ,t  pkafed,  biil  it  had  oply  one  voice-  in  tS 
affemby  of  the  ftates.  Befortihe  iWe^evoS.  a2' 
aflembly  was  compofcd  of  58  deputies.  At  the  heaS 
otth'^gavernmontwas  the  Stadtholder,  \^ho  exefcifed 
a  very  confiderable  part  of  the  executive  ponwof  th« 
'  J^}  ET^^^^t,  thegovernment  is  wbolly  under  the 
contrcrof  Franeek 

.  K«S?^i'7'^«  T^*  Calvinift  or  Reformed  religiQiiiscft 
tabWhed  m  HoUaild  J  but  otKeh  are  tolerate!:^ 

Before  the  Mvolutioni.  aoite'  bttt  Cahrinifts  e^vld  hoUl 
iny  employment  of  truftw  profit.  Thech'urih^is  tf<yfk 
erned  by  Prefljyteries  and  Synods.  .  Ofthe  titter,  (£W^ 
arj  mne  for  fmgle  provinces,*  and  Ofie  nailpnalVSynod; 

TX*i!::!!*'r'^*«!?  .J^^  ''^I'^P}  °^  the^  state.  dciieraL 

*"''*^*"*  *"*»'*•  «'«"o»«  tniviiniisliavei^noiUofthek 

ownv  fti  ttte  Seven  Provinces  there  were,  ill  1  ^87, 1 570 

«iw|Uraof.the^ftabli(hed  ,?huMi..9a  of  thi^WoI&i 


\ 


SSO 


AUSTRIAN  AND  FR^CH 


churchv  800  Roman  Catholicki  f  3  |«utheran,  43  Arnrie- 
niaiiiand  312  Baptift  minifteri.  In  the  'EaltJndief 
there  were  46*  ;>;nd  m  the  WelUIndies  9  minifters  of  ihs 
e(|bal)|i0ied  church. 


Spaini  from  whofe  yokt:  thty 
iiiHng  the  reign  of  ^Uip  11.  in  t\w  year  157  <>  unc<:? 
(he  condu«5l  ofrhe  Prince  of  Ot^ngft  '^^^<1  loriiHd  the 
/?fuhlick  tow  called  the  f^sJcaOnikd  Brovincct*  or 
'Holland,  that  being  the  mod  remarlrable  provuice. 
'n»c  office  of  Stadtholder,  or  Captain*  Ge««  ral  of  the 
l^jimtdPrrvinfffjwas  made  hereditary  mike  Prince' 
■tti  Drangt'v,  *j;iiaav,iiot  excepting  femalet»  i»  1747. 


iPBt.'K«&»i1a^iE«l»nl«?».  .!.?v  $  «iui,^'.i.)Wul>''nl^S^ 


S«SE 


tHE  AUSTRIAN    AND    FRENCH 
NETHERLANDS. 


M.. 


HOts* 


.0 


length  apoT u^^^^    J49°  *n<J  5*^  w>rtJ»  latitude. 
Breadth  200  J  ***^'^*'"    I  1^  and  j**  eaft  longitude. 

BOUND£D   north  by  H»Uand  and  the  German 
Ocean }  «nft»  by  Germany  }  foi|^  and  well,  by 
France  and  the  Brittih  channel.     "' 

DhAJnntol    Thb  country  is  divided  into  teaproy- 
incetivns'* 

frtminttu  WtfTovms, 

Brabant  be?o»ging  to  the  Dutch  and  A»ftriaM,     |  ^rj|^ 

mS&m^  i  **^*^*^  •** *^  ^*^*  *'  AuOru,  Antwerp, 
JtimbUf  (,  ^iofigio^  to  the  Dutch  «Bd  Auftriuu,       Limborg. 

I^acn^tg,  AttAriM  and  French,  Lux€mhur|i' 

Haiinir^  middle  p«rMtbclongin|  tdAufltiii,  MamMr. 

HtrinauiU,  AuftriMi^and  Freoeh,  Moi^^ 

Cambrtfift,  fitlvi^  to  Pr»ttce«  C»n  '    ;/. 

Artois,fbbieAto  i^rtt'   ,  Ar    ». 

fraadfri,j    ^^^^^  \aa«a^ 

•^  Thii  cooMrf  fi  dcicribed  u  it  enftcd  bcHjre  it  ;^  f%i.t  t«vo. 


# 


NETHERLAKDS. 


as* 


/MUant,  aiJ  Retij^hn.-^  The  Neihertwdi  are  inJ 
hablua  by  ^9tt(  i,50|3.Oi>o  ibtilt.  Thf  Romaa  CathiK 
lie  A  at  the  eftaWifhad  religton,  but  Pr5t?iUati  %aA  Icwj 
areitotmoUfted.  ^  i    ^ 

Man^raallres,y  th-lr  prigicmal    m«iafaaure$  ar«^ 
fin;    iwns,  catnbndtt,  lace,  and  tapc^y,  with  whicli 
thty  cwyon  a  very^dvantagequf  traffick,  efpecUl^ 
with  EngUnd,  from  whenw  it  is  computed  they  receive 
^  #*l"rV^  **n  ^  a^million  annually  in  lim.  if  peace 

U.ifTowfhJ  BtvssELs  IS  the  chief  towa  of  Bra- 
bmt,  and  the  cuiiital  of  Punier*,  Here  the  beft  cami 
Ms  are  made,  and  moa  of  the  fine  licea,  which  ara 
wurn  in  every  part  of  the  n^orldi 

Cwjr«w.-9/  ]  ^rhe  Auarian  Netherlands  are  ftUl  con- 
fiJered  as  a.  circle  of  the  empire,  of  which  the  archducal 
Aoafe,  as  facing  foverei|fn  of  the  whore,  is  the  fole  di- 
reilor  and  fuamtonini  prince.     This  circle  contribute* 
ittfhiretoihe  impo!lfofiheempire.and  fends  an  m.^ 
J07  to  ^  Act.  teat  i*  i|Ot  fi^a  U>  the  jndicatoriei  of 
^e  empire.    It  rtunder  a  gjTcrnour  general  Appointed 
•y  he  court  of  Vienna.    Iliefacc  of  an  aflemWy.-^or 
parliament,  for  each  plrovince  is  ftiH  k«pt  up,  and  ccmfift* 
^'»*«  <5|«»;KJ.ifc,«ohiiity,  and    deputies  of  towns,  wh9 
meet  a^BruflW?-     Kach  province  daimspArticular  prir- 
acges.  b^  they  areof  very  little  effcA  >  ar  J  the  govern* 
our  feldom;  or  never  finds  any  renftance  to  the  will  of 
fits  court.     Every  province  has  a  particuTar  govvmour. 
lMtj?a  to  the  regent  j  and  caufcs  are  here  decided  ac- 
eoiJiii^tb  die  civil  and  canon  law. 
•  '^^''■1* '     ^^anders,  originany  the  country  of  the  av 
tieht  BelMj,  was  conc|Ucr«d  by  Julius  Cxfar.  forty-fcx-eft 
years  before  Chrift  $  p  iflTcd  into  the  hiinds  of  Francv% 
A.  I).  41a  ;    and  was  governe^dhy  its  Eafls  fubjeftto 
thu  crown,  from   H64  to- 1  ^69.     By  marriage,  it  theu 
carae  in^o  the  Hjufe  of  Auftria  ;  bi^t  was  yielded  ta 
Spam  in   1556.     fjhookoff  the  Spaniflj  yoke  15.7^  ^  ia 
Ihe  y»ar  1725,  by  the  treaty  of  Vienna,  was  annexed  t^ 
tfcfi  German  empitf  j  ^and  is  now  annexed  to  Ftaoce* 


w> 


n 


>''(* 


JVIi! 


SlTOATlOlt   AND   kXrSNT. 


fS. 


tength  600 1  j^  J   „_    f  41*  and  fi**  N.  latitude. 
»readUi5oo|  ""    '*^    45°  and  $»  E.  JongUude. 

BOUNDED  north,  by  the  EngKA  channel  and-the 
Netherlands ;  eaft,  by  Cerniany,  Switzerland  and 
Italy  it  fouth  hy  the  MediterraQean  aiidSp3,in  )  weft, 
.  by  the  bay  of  Btfcay.    CotitaJning,  before  the  revolu- 
tion, 400  ctctes,.    1500  iii^aUcf  towni,  4'3»ooo  parlihest 
ioo>ood  villagei* 

Pofcffiont  in  9ibtr  parts  tf  the  Gkh, 

tytif4fia,  ^onie  dtftiids^od  the  coaR  of  CaM- 
insiukl,  of  which  Pbndicherry  is  the  capital.  Some  kft 
^9iiiVI«rable  fettlementy  on  t\iti  Malabar  coaA,  aod  in 
Bengal,  and  leyeral  fa^or^es. 

t.  h  Africa.  In  B^uhary,  Ba(Hon  de  France,  r  The 
iflaiid  of  Goree,  part  of  Scnegatnbiaj  Fort  |«onis,t)ntht 
jSfenegal,  and  Podar,  0alilin,  Portendick,  Fort  Arguin. 
On  the  coaft  (^  Qainea,  Francois.  In  the  ludian  fe  j^ 
tlie  iflands  of  Bdurbon  and  Ifle  of  France* 

3.  InAmsr'tca.  The  Nonh-Anierf;caii  iiland^  of 
St.  Pierre  and  Mi<juclon.  In  the  Wca.  Indies^  th<;ifl- 
andsof  Martinique,  Guadalonpe,  St.  Lucia,  Maria 
Qakinte»  St.  Martin,  and  Tobago.  In  South- Amer. 
ica»  fome  fettlenaents  in  Guiana  and  Cayenne.  - 

All  thefe  po/Teffions,^  with  fome  others  then  belong- 
ing to  France,  according  to  Neckar,  contain  about 
6oo»ooo  inhabitants. 

Divififint  and  PdpHtation.'\  France,  ip  1791,^3$  di- 
vided into  9«  departments,  and  <:ontained^,7, 15  3,009 
Inhabitauts.  In  1795,  ^^^t  were  but  25,000,060.  In^ 
cltidinff  the  doisinlons  annexed  to  Frany?-  the  nurnhsr- 
of  inhabitants  exceeds  9o,poc,,ooo. 

CUmatCt  Sot/,  Rivertt  Commrcf^^c,']  France  is  fitu- 
jj^dL  in  a  t^q  n^ildl  <^ljiw*tc,    It^  (4  ift  Dpia,part»  h 


■i 


FHANCE; 


SSS 


very  fertile  j  it  Is  bounded  by  high  tidgci  of  mountains, 
tlie  lower  branches  of  wUicb  croft  the  greater  part  of 
the  Jcingdoitt  ;  it  iibounds  with  large  rivers,  vii.  the 
Rhone,  the  Loire*  the  Garonne,  the  Seine,  Ac.  to  the 
amount  of  400,  many  of  which  are  navigable  j  and  it 
l«cont?guoustotwo  ocean*.  Thefe  united  advantages, 
render  ihis  Icingdom  one  of  the  richcft  countries  in  Eu- 
rope both  with  refpea  to  natural  produaiom  and  com* 
merce.  Wine  is  the  ftaple  c9iiimod<ty  of  France.  One 
million  fix  hundred  thoufaad  acres  of  ground  are  laid 
out  In  vineyards,  and  the  net  profk  from  each  acre  is 
tftimated  at  from  four  to  fevcn  pounds  fterling.  France 
aiinually  exports  wines  to  the  amount  of  twenty-four 
millions  of  livres.  The  fruits  and  other  produAloos  of 
France  do  not  much  differ  from  thofe  of  Spain,  but 
are  raifcd  in.  much  greater  plenty.  France  has  very 
important  fiHieries,  bptb  on  her  own  and  wk  the  A- 
OMrican  coaft.  "  .'  i*- 

In  i77j<  tliere  were  in  France  koo  filk  mills,  »i,ooo 
ibomt  for  filk  ftutfs,  i  i,ooafbr  ribboiis  and  lace,  20,000 
for  filk  ftbclcings ;  and  the  different  fiik  mamifa<aorie» 
en;ployed  3:»ooo,ooo  of  peoples 

In  point  of  comnjcrce,  naoce  before  hcrrevolotionr 
was  ranked^  next  to-Englandand  HoHand,  The  French 
bad  the  greate/i  fivire  in  the  Levant  trade  j  they  en- 
joyedfome  valuable  commercial  privileges  ia  Turkey  » 
but  their  We(l> India  pofTcOsons,  which  were  admirabl/ 
cultivated  and  gpverned^  were  the  richeU.  Before  the 
kte  American  war,  the  balance  of  commerce  in  £ivour 
<»f  France  was  eftinKited  at  70,000,000  bvrefc  ' 

Chvernment.Jii    Monarchical. 

Relighn,'},  Roman  Catholicl^  In  this  country  them; 
were  iSarchbifliops^  iirbiiliops,  166,000 clergynieiij|. 
5,400  convents,  conuining  aoa,ooo  perfons  devoted  td> 
monaftick  life.  Thefe  were  all  aboliflied  by  the  revolts 
tion.  The  catholick  religion  has  beea  reftored' by  the 
f  refent  government. 

Lemrmng.J  The  feiencesiiaveariren'tO'a  very  great 

■B^trtQzn.  si^    U7I3    xtauvii,  vTuxvzs  VAST  w^is  ua  ti'Avnise   pru- 

d<iced  great  matler-pteces  in  abnoft  every  branch  of 
fi;ientinck  kaowledge  and  elegant  literature.    There  are 
pQ  Unimikies  in  France.    1^  lo^al  yyf^ip^  ^  g|[»> 
•F  f  3- 


ff4 


fRANCE. 


pi-  ■« 


Alices,  of  the  French  '  ^  and  of  infcriptibm  anj" 

antiquities,  at  Pari     a.  w      i  ;,  celebrated. 

^(/ferjf.j  Fr  -ce  '9tii«  udginally  the  countiy  of  the 
aoicient  Gauli,  ,u  U  was  conqaered  by  the  Romans  25 
teay»  before  Qirift.  The  Goths,  Vandals,  Alans,  and: 
Stievi,  and  after  'ardrlhe  Durguudi,  divided  it  amongfV 
them,  from  A.  D. 400  to  476,  vrhr^  **'-  ^  -nks,  another  ' 
fdC  of  German  emigrants,  who  Lud  lettled  between  the 
'  Rhine  and  the  Maine,  completed  the  foundation  of  the 
prefeni  kingdom  under  Clbvis.  It  was  conquered,  ei- 
»;ept  J.<Tis,by  Edward  H(.  of  England,  between  1341 
^""^  *3y^'  *»  »4*o>  an  entire  conqueft  was  made  by 
HcEiJ^y  V.  who  ^ras  apjwintcd  regent,  dbring  the  life  of 
0*'-itJs  VL  acknoTi^ledgcd  heir  to  the  crown  of  France, 
and  homage  paid  to  him  accordingly.  The  Engllih. 
•  crown  loft  all  its  poiRflion^  in  France  during  the  feign 
of-  Henry  Vl.  bet\^een  4434  and  1450. 

Thelaft  kifig  of  this  potent  em;>hre  wat  Louis  XVI. 
^e  friend  of  America^  and  of  the  rights  of  mankind- 
Be  was  borti  Auguft  t$,  tys^  f  married  Maria  Anto- 
niexcaof  Auftiia,  May  i6j  ifyo;  accecfied  to  the  thr  ne 
ti^on  ffi*  death  oHiifgrandfiither  Louii  3CV.  May  lo^ 
1774 1  and.  was  crowned  arRheiftis,  June  1  ?,  -75.  Hjb 
^was  behieaded  January  it,  17Q3  y. and  his  queen  m^r 
with  the  fame  untimely  fate,  6a.  16,  in  ifc^*  fame  year. 

ManychanMs  iii  the  sovernnrj  it  oi^  this  ijnhappy  . 
country  bave  findi  ifeen  f?ace,  ai  It  may  ilfhe  coo- 
lidered  as  eftabliftied  on  a  very  precarious  foundation. 
Napolepn  Bonaparte  was  crowned  Emperojn^  of 
France,  Dec.  5,  1804,  aud  is  now*  Oec.  1805  J  enga- 
ged, at  the  head  of  a  powrerfiil  arsry,  in  a  fo^miinhk 
war  with  the  ««nblaea  powcj^  of  C?;  ;^.]$fito,  Ru^- 
fu  azid  A>uftria*  l  : 


^ 


'»M 


'SIXAIN. 


lis 

I 


SPAlfl. 

\^    J^    ^ITtlATlON  AND  EXTENT, 

I-cngth  700 1    |^^_^  f3«**artd44»N.  latitiufe.    • 
Ireaikh  500  J   «^'^««>  1  s'^and  lo*»  E.  longitude. 

W...rirx.]  R^y^^Pr^^  ^7  Portugal  .ml 

-'  XJr  the  /\tl«Mitick       loith  by  tiu:  bajr 

of  Bifcay  and  the  Pyrenean  inpi\ntatas,  whichi  divide  it 

^om  Fi  .nee  ;  cv^  and  foutb,  by  the  Mediterrapeaa 

Sea»  and  the  Straits  of  Gibraltar 

Spain  is  divided  into  14  diilridlf  ia  wliiclvm  1$^ 
6»wns»stBd  31,08$  villages  and  boreuglu*     .' 


fe^^ 


m  tAbir  parts  ^tkt  Ghtet 


1.  /»  a.  On.  the  coaft  of  Barbas7«  the  t^vm^^ 
ff  Ceiu  araa  sitli  aad  MafaJqai««r  ^  the  Canarji 
IHands,  VIZ.  Ca  1-  n. , 'Ftnni&p  d^:.   Thei^ondi 

pf  Annahott  and  i^i,        \i>ndev  the  i^qjuator* 

a.  /«  ^  ^^«2.  The  f^iiii^ne  I&uuIb.  the  iM:inci(>a| 
of  wb  .^  IS  LuziiSif  vl^ofk  capital  is  ManilbL  Th* 
Marian,  the  Carjoiihe  and.  Palaos  ^%fidi.  .    ^ 

^  /«  imcriea.  IiBnies&  pm^^  ^esi  im^.  brgor 
than  all  Eurojpe,  mort  of  which  ai-r      cmiikingly.fertiltt 

(  »}  iu  Korth^Amevioa^  C;di£o  a,  Qld-M?xico»  of . 
Ne wr.  Spain,  New-Mexico  and  Flordt. 

(i)  in  the  Weft- todies,  tj.eiiland  '*Cuba,P&n» 
Rico,  Trinidad,  4aigaretta»  'I'ortu^      j^  * 

fjV  la  Soodi.  imer*  1,^  Term  t^ima.  ^P^rti,  Cfc?i^ 
duenna     Paraguay   i^4tagooia. 

Rivera.  I  The  Oeuro,  the  T^g 
Oua  'Q"'  /er,  all  vdiich  fail  into 
«adi        )ro,  the  aacieot  1^  lii. 


th« 


the  Huadig 
e  Atk  itick  c 

fiiicliuiaikiiiiatb* 


an  1 


^€  '         SPAIN: 

Cm/tit  ah."]  Mtdrid,  Gtiiated  en  a  brancb  of  tfie  ri?ar 
Ta^tts,  contains  i66»ooo  inhabitants.  Cadiz,  fituatcdf 
en  the  Atlantick^  a  little  to  th«  north  ward  of  the  StrafU 
of  Gibraltar,  is  the  ^ear  emporium  of  Spain*  and 
contains  80,000  ifihab  .ants» 

fl^ealth  Md  Ccmmtru.J  The  advanuget  of  Spain  a» 
to  climate,  foil,  natural  proda^ions,  rivers,  navigationr 
1^  forcif^  poflVflions,  which  are  immenfelf  riehr  ought 
to  raife  this  monarch j  high  above  aJX  the  other  powert 
of  Europe.  Yet  the  reVerfe  is  the  cafe  t  Spain  is  but 
Ihinljr  peopled,  h4S  bat  Ir.tle  com>nv?rce,  few  manofac* 
tures  i  and  mhat  little  commerce  it  has  is  aJbmoA entirt* 
}^  in  the  hands  of  (lr<inger8,  notwithftandlng.  the  inK 
pediments  throwa  iiv  the  way  hf  govcrnmeM. 

Spain  prodiKces  excellent  oran^s^  lemons,  almondsp 
..  ^K*>  S>'3pcsi  pomegranates,  dates,,  pift^ichiosr  capers^ 
ehefnuts^  tobacco,  tor  a,  fafiron,  honey,  falt,.£iltpetre,. 
wines  of  a  rich  andvielicioos  flavour,  cotton,  rice,  com^ 
•il,  wool,  filk,  hemp,  flax,  &c.  which,  with  proper,  indiii^ 
tr/,  might  be  exported  to  an  amazing  amount.  And 
yet  all  the-  exports  of  Spain»  moft  articles  of  which  no< 
other  country  can  funply,  are  eftimated.  at  only 
3>35S*3$3l*  Aerling.  Spain  does  not  produce  conv 
enough  For  its  own  conAiropdonk  ^4  »  under  aeceffitjr 
of  importing  krge  quantities. 

GayerftftiMt.'}  Spaift  W  an  abfotnte  monarchy.  Th* 
provinces  of  Navarre,  Eifcay,.  and  Arragon  have  pre<> 
ferved  fomfrdf  their  ancient  privileges.  The  King*>. 
fdias  muft  he  miUned  in  the  court  of  Caftile  bcfore- 
lliey  acquire  the  force  of  lawe*  The  crown  is  heredita- 
ty  both  Jn  the  male  and  fbnate  line.  By  &  hw  mad^ 
in  1 7 1 5,.  female  hcin  cannot  fucceed  ttU  alteir  the  whole 
JIK^e  line  is  extin£t  ^     ^ 

tUlighn:]  The  Roman  Catholic)c  religion,  to  the: 
txclufipnof  all  others,,  is  the  region  ofthe  Spanift; 
monamhy  1  and  it  is  m  thefe  countries  of  the  moft  big- 
etud,  fuperftitious  and  tyrannical  charaAer.  All  other 
ienominacions  of  QirilOlians,  as  well  as  Jewsh^  are  ex*^ 
fofed  to  all  the  fcverities^  of  pecfecutton.  The  powef 
•I  the  Cuurioi  lQquiatian,,eilabiifiied  in  Spa*    in  isi^^ 

lii^besa  diminilhcd^  in  fomc  Yffj^di|  ^  y^  a^iokti' 


PORTUGAL. 


Sll 


fettnce  of  the  civil  power.  It  U  fiappoM  that  the  der* 
gt  of  this  kingdom  tianunt  to  3oo,o0o,  half  of  wbooil 
VeiirurjMand  nuns,  diftributtd  in  tiooo  eoiiTtnCs. 
The  r«venae  of  the  irefiT>im^  of  Toledo  it  $oo»ooo 
ducats.  .Tliere  arc.  in  the  kinjtdball>f  ^l»hi, «  arch-' 
biJhops,  46bi(hop8  ^  in  America,  6  afehblThof»a«ndi8 
bifhr)ps  I  in  the  Philippine  l(k«,  i  urchbifhhp  anti  §_ 
bifhops.  A\l  thefe  dipnitlei  aire  in  the  gift  of  the  kin^ 
Ftftftwo  inferwurecclcfiaftical  dignities  and  offices  ari 
in  the  gift  of  the  pope. 

ffi/fory']  The  firft  Itfli^^bitants  of  Spain  werte  the 
CcU«,  a  people  of  Gaul  j  after  them  the  Phenicians' 
poifeiled  themfelves  of  the  moft  fouthem  parts  of  the 
country,  and  may  wdi  be  fuppofed  to  have  been  thc^ 
Hrd  civilizen  of  this  InAgdom,  and  the  founders  of  the 
il^od  ancient  cities.  After  thefci  folloired  the  Gteeians  ^ 
then  t!|,e  Carth  ;g!n:itii,  ca  «»hofe  dep«urt«tt»  fixtetti 
y.$art  before -Chtift,  it  b«eatoe  ftbto  tS  t!ir  ^^SKi, 
tm  the  year  acq,  when  the  Gods,  Vfintlals,  Sueti, 
Alans,  an4  SSIlin»i,  on  Conftantirie's  withdrawing  his 
forces  ficom  th4t  kingdom  to^Uic  ea^,  %ad«d  it,  an<| 
divided  it  among  themrclveaV  hut  the  Odihs  in  a  fitH* 
time  xvivft  Co\t  jmafters  of  St,  under  their  krng  Al»^tck  t; 
who  f(iuods;d  the  Spanifl^  monarchy.  Afer  a  regnl^ 
Aicccflion  ofmonarchs,  we  come  to  thf  ^refent  Kh)W 
Charlf 5 IV.  who  afccudcd  the  throne  in  the  year  i  'jSf. 


^-,'i>. 


3ES: 


us: 


Miles. 


PORTUaAt. 

SITUATION    AND    EXTEKT. 


"♦ 


Wth  300  Ib^-^-    C$y^  and  42°  N.  latitude. 
Breadth  100  J  °^*^««^  |  f 


4nd  io*  W.  longitude. 


Bc^arir..:    TROUNDED^  nor^   and  .afl,  bf. 

fcimick  pcean.*  Containing   13   towns,  5^7  villages, 
M^3t»arilhe«. 


$sP 


P0RTU6AL. 


s  !    I    /*,   '"  ^P**"»  *"**  «»n  weft  tbrouffli  Portuffal 
m^i^  Atkmick.  •  The  moft  noted  isthe^u?^'^ 

*.U^^^  ^'^^""K  y  ^  m^tJth  of  the  TaTui,  coin 
tilosabo,H.t7aj>c6  iri^bitants,  of  which  the  neero«^ 
an^imU^e.  are  fuppofed  to'm.Ve  about  one  K 
IMft-  iii#75l*;tt  was  laid  level  with  the  ground,  by  a 
Item^ous  earthquake,  which  was  ruccccled  by  a  gen- 

12^"r^n  t'  "^^  «taftropI»e  upwards  of 
10,000  pei^e  loft  their  lives. 

\,f^'ri^*^*'f\^^'^^o»imtrce.J  Portugal,  fitu. 
^ed  i^a  genua  climate,  abounds  Hi  excellent  natural 
j^oduftiorw,  and  is  well  watehrd  it  pdirefles  very 
■f»ch  provinces  m  and  upon  thecoa«»of  Afia,  Africa, 
and  Anicrfcj.  It  15  however  notVoporti<>n  xt)ly  poy,. 
crful  ;  ,t8  mhabaantp  are  indigent,  and  the  balance  of 

•wwta*.---.  LK,  tmnj  corn,  from  other  countriti, 
Jbrtogal  praduces  wine,  wod,  oil,  honey,  annifeed* 
flimack,4  tariety  of  fixvefhiits,  foQMs  corn,  jfiax  and 
cork,     lor    17*5,  tile  goods  imported    from    Great- 
Bntam  and  Ireland  into  Portugal  eonfiiUng  of  wool- 
lens, com,  ftili)  wood  and  hardware,  amounted  to  utfc^ 
wards  of  1^60,000!  HmUng,    The  EngUOi  took  in  le- 
turn,  of  the  produce  of  Pdrtugar  and  Brazil,  to  the 
amount  of  7j8,Qo6l.    acrling     On!y  15  millions  of ' 
litres  are  fuppofeJ  to  rirctJlau-   In  a  country  which 
draws  annually  upwards  of  i,5o;%cOol.  lUrling,  or  36 
imlhons  of  livres,  from  the  mines  of  Brazil.     Since  the 
difcovery  of  thde  minos,  tliat  is,  withip  60  years,' Portu- 

{[al  has  brought  from  Braxil  about  2,400  millions  of 
ivr«,  or  ioo,ooo,oool.  fter]ing. 
. ^Gwfrnmsnt mnd Hdigion,y  Since  the  council  of  the 
•ftweeftates,  vi?.  the  clergy,  the  nobility,  and  the 
titles,  the  n^embsrs  of  which  are  nomin,«ted  by  the  king, 
wrifsi  fubftitttted  in  the  room  of  the  dUis  or  meetings 
of  the  ftatcs.  (which  event  took  place  the  latter  end 
gf  the  1 6th  century>)  the  govemment  of  the  kingdom  of 
Fottugal  kts  been  abfolutel^  monarchical.  The  pro- 
.¥«^aingi  of  the  coufis  of  juiflcc  are  iiow  and  arbitrary* 
aili^tjie  number  <A  lawye/»  and  Lav  officers  is  e^tcee*. 
ii^ly  great.  '  w,      .  .     ^       -„ 


mAtJc. 


B59 


The  IUm  Jf  religion  in  Portugal  it  the  fame  as  in 
Spam.  {  he  Pot  tuguefcdergy  confift  of  one  partrrarch.l 
a  dignity  fframed  to  the  church  of  Portugal  in  the  year 
1 7 1 0,  of  three  archbi (hops  and  1 5  bifliopi.  The  whole 
mimhtr  of  ecclefiafticks  is  aoo,ooo. ;  30.000  of  which, 
and  fome  fay  6b,oco,  are  monks  and  nuns.  The  num- 
ber of  convf nts  it  745.  The  number  of  clerical  per, 
fons  to  that  of  the  laymen  is  as  1  to  1 1. 

^'-^V'l  ^o««$a'  w*s  anciently  called  Lufitania. 
and  mhabited  by  tribes  of  wandering  people^  till  it 
became  Aibjea  w  the  Carthaginians  and  Phenicians, 
who  were  difpoffefled  by  the  Romans,  150  years  befor^ 
Chrift.  In  the  fifth  century  it  fell  under  the  yoke  of 
the  8uevi  and  Vandals,  who  were  driven  out  by  the 
Goths  of  Spain,  in  the  year  589  ;  but  when  the  Moors 
of  Africa  made  themfelves  matters  of  the  greatea  part 
of  Spain,  IP  the  beginning  of  the  eighth  century,  they 
penetrated  into  Lufitania,  where  ihey  efhtbliflied  cov- 
emou.s,  who  made  themfelves  kings.  It  became  fubicA 
ta  Spain^ ,«  1580  ;  but  in  1640,  the  people  rebelled, 
ftook  oflf  the  SpaniA  yoke,  and  ele^ed  for  their  kin* 
^}[^^^\^ ^g'^^^l^ho  took  the  nameof  JohS 
iV.in.w&ofe  family  It  IMS  ever  fince  remained,  inde- 
pendent  of  Spain.  Ifcr  prefem  majcfty's  name  is  Ma. 
ry  I^rancir  Ilabella,  who  acceded  to  the  throne  in  the 


"■  ilLi  I  J^^ 


■3^ 


Miles. 


ITALY. 

WTVATIOH  AND  f  iTf  Itt. 


^-^ 


84.  MItsft 


LengtJ;  6qb  j .  f  jg*  and  47^  R  lat  f^      J: 

Breadth  400  J  '^'"^  J  f  and  T-J*  E.  Ion.  f  ^^ 

ITALY  is  a  large  peniiifiila,  iliaped»  like  a  boot  m^ 
fpur ;  and  is  bounded  north,  by  the  Alps,  whlS 
mvidctk  from  r ranee  and  ^witscrland  >  eaftf,  by  &fe 
Giilf of  Veitice,  or  Adrtatkk  Sta  H<MMlr  Mi  mtt^W' 
the-MeiilciraaeaB  Seiu 


-^ 


The  ydiolf  of  tlie  Italian  domifiions,  comprdran^g 
CoiifiesL  and  Sarxiipi^  w«re  Uivided,  before  the  revol)i; 
tion^JIsfbUpws;    ,    4  vr   ^-  - 

To  rhe  lumf^otn  of  Sardinia  belong— Piedmont,  Savoy,  Mont- 
ftrrat,  Al*:in«»d)*irtc,  Onicglia,  Sai-dinia   Ifland.         ' 
T»  the  kingttom  of  Naples — Naples,  Sicily  Ifland. 
To  the  £inpennir<>-Mil«ii,  M)u)Uo.  Mix andola. 
Pope's  Dominions. 

TJo  ti»ar  T«;fpe<ajwe  Pi-i<»ce8— Tufcany,  Maffa,  Parma,  Modena, 
Pionibino,  Monaco. 

Republicks. — Lucca,  St.  Marino^  Genoa. 

Tq  a  3ritaiu»Corric.i  Ifiand.  'v: 

To  the  RepoblJck  of  Vcntee— .Venice,  Iftrla,  Dalmatia,  lile* 
efi)almatia,  Itlandt  in  the  Venetiaa  ikuninion). 


Airt  SoU  4ini  Produiiiom.1  Italy  is  the  moft  ccle*. 
heated  country  in  Europe*  haviog  been  formerly  the 
Jeat  ojF  the  R.<xn<iaein|}Ue>and  is  at  prelent  of  the  pope* 
The  country  is  fo  Qne  and  froitiiil,  that  tc  is  commonly 
called  the  garden-  of  Europe.  Th%  air  is  temperate  and 
wholefome,  excepting  the  territ©rx  of  the^  church, 
where  it  is  very  indifierent^  Th^;  kSi  i«  iertile^  and 
produces  wheat,  rice,  wine,  oil,  owiugcsj  and  all  forts 
of  fruits,  flowers,  honey,  filh  j  iutd  in  the  ki&gdom  of 
Itlaples  are  cottofi  audi  ^gar;.  The  foneftst  are  foil  of 
all  kinds  of  game.  On  the  mountains  are  fine  pailures 
which  feed  great  numbers  of  cattle. 

Inhabitants  .1  Italy  is  thought  to  contain  upwards  of 
frarteen  millions  of  inhabitants.  The  Italians  excel  in 
a  complaifant,  d>liging  behaviour  to  each  other,  and  af- 
fability to  foreigners.  Mi}fi«^pDQtry,  painting,  fculptu.. 
and  archite^ure  are  ^eir  lavourite  ftudies,  and  there  are 
no  people  who  have  brought  them  to  greater  perfeftion. 

^iigiiitt.'}  The  Italians  are  zealous  prof&fibrs  of  the 
jb£lrhS;^the  ^urchof  liSijme.  The  Je-^s  a;tre  hisrtt 
iller^d'in  the  publick  ejcercife  of  their  religion.  Thf 
natives,  either  in  reverence  to  the  pope,  or  by  being  in- 
^^ftriqjjfiy;  kept>in  ignorance  <)f- the  Proteftant  doatincR 
Iteiit^in  raonflrous.  nQiti«»n&  of  all  the  dtflenters  froji 

tcmirchof  &oflaft.     The  .tnaulfitiDar  hera-ia.  liidA 


tmoitt. 


3«% 


l^idrethain  a  ibun<L  In  Naples  there  urejo  strcllMhon*. 
io7^.ftops.  In  Sicily.  3  archbilhops,  and  eSop^ 
In  the  ye,^  178a.  tbcre  Vere  in  Naples  alone.  4$,^,; 
pnefts,  24  694  monks,  zo,793  «un|.     In  1783,  goV^! 

75  ^f'}''^^  ta  diiTolve  466  convems  of  nun! 

UbtcfCtty.-^  Rpme,  once  the  capital  of  the  world*  » 
now  the  chief  city  m  Italy.  It  contains.  r^Sto 
modem  wmers,  170,000  inhabitants,  and  is  fituated 
Hponthe  me,.  Tiber.  It  waslbanded  by  R^Sf 
75c  years  before  Ciif  ift,  and  was  fcrtnerly  tlWee  timet 
aslargeasat  preient  J  and  is  row  one  of  rfic  lar^ft 
andiia|idloineft  cities  in  Europe.  ~  -  ^ 

Mmntamj]  Mmiit  Vefuvitis,  in  the  UrfSfdam  />f 
Naples  and  ^tna.Jn  Sicily,  are  reiarfcaSe  for Sfie! ' 
'^^J2!'T'.'^H!"^'''"'^y  toy,whole  citiesin  ruinl 
rrS^Tf'^  l'?VS«Xe*timentof  Vtniceisarifto. 
5ralical  under  a  cbief  mag.ftrate.  caUed  a  Doge,  who 
IS  i^id  to  be  a  W  as  to  robes,  a  ienatnr  in  t?e  Um! 

out  of  i*  ^  ^    °^^  ^'^^  ^^-^^  ^^  a  private  inaa 

IS  divided  mto  kttle  republicks,  principalides  and  Aifce- 
doms.  which,  m  fpmtual  matters,  are  fubjea  to  the 
pope.^who.  like  the  gfesl*  of  the  deccafed  niman  em! 
pire,  fits  crowded  ufMMiks  grave. 

Hifiory.:^  l^ecraofthefoimdationofRoinebeems 
^rin";  '^P  y^f^^^^r^  the  birth  of  Chrift.  Author* 
generally  Mifign ^c  honmir  to  -Romtilus  its  firKl  kini^ 
who  was  but  e.^tecn  years  old.  He  wa:  a  wife,  coW^ 
ageous  and  politick  printe. 

St  Peter  i.  placed  at  the  head  df  the  popes  or  hift,  > 
ops  of  Rome»m  the  jjd  year  of  the  coronioji  era.  Th^i 
prefeat  pope  is  Pih^^  Vil.  elea^  ^arch  1 4.  .  800.       " 


/y'HE^^  SJgi^Of's  dotoiniottB  we  dWfdedWi 

•KTIt  ^'  ^A  i-T'  "Lr'**^*'*'  •  •*  *  "»«oy  >n  Alia.     *^ 
Turkey  m  Africa   They  contain  acc<»ding  to  Cnthrll 
^.ooo  (qu;u-e  miles  ,    Hceording  tc  iSma^zS  ' 
800,0001  and  49.000.000  inhnlaiafcotti        "^  **"«»> 
Cg 


^^ 


■■^ 


TURKEY  ^NiJUiROPE. 


'^immMm^^^' 


^■M- 


'i^ 


n  .  nfiOtjNDEU  by,  Ruffia,,folaiid,  and 
^tf«»i/*w/.jjp  ^layq^i^,  pn  the  north  >  by  G^r- 
caffia,  the  Black  Sea^  the  l?rQpdntMi»;  HeJlefpont,  and 
Archipelago,  on  the  »ft  ;  by  th*  Mediterranean,  o|\ 
the  Somh ;  by  ^he  ranie>iesi,jm4  the  Venetian  and  Anf- 
trian  t<trritories,  on  the  weft. 

-  Seiit  Air  atui ^Produaiom,'l.  Natw^|cas  been  la»^{fe,of 
her  bkiTmgs  upon  tjve  iiAahi»9t«i«* '^^M^^fy  S^ 
particularis.  ^  he  foil  jthough  i»niin^>roy^  thkow|fe  ^^' 
indolence  of  the  Turks,  i»  luw^riattt  heyond  d#:rip- 
tipn..  Thcairlsf^lubrioHs  and  friendly  to  the  imagine- 
tion,  unlefs  corrupted  by  the  neighbouring  cbuntriisj 
or  thr^augli-  the  unileann5tps<,of  its  inhaMtanU.  The 
feafons  here  are  regular  an3  pkafant,andji^ve  been  cel» 
ebrated-f^om  thoKiemptefttiojc&c^ antiquity.  The  Turks 
are  iiivited  to;  fi-equent  tfathlngst:  by  the,plltity^aI^d, 
wfaoleibmenefs  of  the  watw,  in  every  pact  of  their  do- 
minions. Raw  filfci  cotton,  oU»l,<iafh<Fr,tobaccp,  cake 
ibap,  honey,  waxi  manna,  a^  vwwiis/irufts  and  drugs, 
are  hen^ produced  in  plenty^  ^       , 

,Chh/ CitfA        CoBftanthiQpll},  the,  capital  of  thlr 
empire,;  ft?in<iing   on  thf  weftrfide  p^the  B^&horus,  in 
the  province  of  Romania,  was  rebuilt  b.y^?the  Emj^rour 
Court  amine  inthefQurth  century,  vv|j0ltraT^%jedlii^er 
the  ftatof  thto  Hwman^veTninent  :  upon  his  death  it 
obtained  the  name  of  GanRantino>ple,     JU  is  of  a  trian- 
gular fli^pe,  waib«d  bv  the  feii  on  two  fides,  and  rifmg 
gradually  fiom  the  flic.e  m  the  form  of  an  amphithea- 
ire.    The  view  tifkfrom  the  haibonr  is  confeffedlythe 
finell  in    the   viorld.      The  city  is  furround«;d  by  a 
'^X  about  12  miles  in   draanfereni^e*  and  the  fub- 
*  |»rb«  are  very  cxtcnfive.      It  contains  i  »ooo,oop  fouls, 
of  which  a£jo,aop  ape  Greeks  4p*QS&  Armenians,  and 

^ReHgkn.  ]  The  eftablifted  religion  in  this  empire  if 
ibc  Mahometan,  of  the  fea  of  die  Sunnites.  All  nther 
y^igions  are  toierafced,  on  paymg  a  certain  c^lli,^im^ 


rSLANDS,  seas:,  &c: 


i^f 


/raioiig  the  Chriflians  refidihg  in  rmrfccy,  thofe  of  the 
orthodox  Grfeeks  are  the  moft  numerouis,  and  they  enjojr, 
among  other  privileges  that  of  heing  advanced  to  dig- 
nities and  polls  of  truft  and  profit.  The  l\irkiih  clef- 
gy  are  numerou'-;  being  comp^fed  of  all  the  learned  in 
rfie  empirej,  and  are  the  only  teachers  of  the  law,  and 
Aiuft  be  confulted  in  all  important  cafes.  •  .       ,.^, 

Government}     See  Turkey  in  A  fia.  "'" -. 

Hijiory.'}  'V\\c  Ottomaii%TCip\T^t  ov  foverttgnty  of 
the  Tur  kid*  empire,  was  founded  ^'t  ConJlastineple  by^ 
©thmikii  I.  upon  the  total  deifrdftioft  of  the'empire  of 
^^le  ea^Wrn  Greeks,  in  tht  year^  1 300  ;  who  iVas  fiicceied*- 
*d'by  arace t>f  ilie  moft  ww*iike  princes  that^are  it^cor^-^ 
*d  in  hiftory.' ^  The  rurkiOi  throne  is  Tiereditary  In  th&' 
^f^mily  of  OfiJiaw.  The  pt<©fent  Ottoman  or  Tttrkrfli  , 
fi(*iperv>ur  is  'i'bd«%amet  et,i\chmet  III.  ■^h.o  had  been 
in  confinement  44.  years.  ¥bs  (ftt^eded  1^%  bro|[ierr 
Slitftapha  114.  januaary  ti,  17.^     /'  .  ^    / 


ss:=c 


aese: 


">"»«»">  j~ 


*  .1   Mm  I  .«i 


EUROPE. 

T[i!E  f>Tindi^ifland6^ctf'  Europe^  arfr^^eat-i^riutn 
iiiid  iteUmd  in  1:^  nbrthv  In  the  ^fbditercaiieacti  < 
fta,  are  Yyica,  Majbrcai^  jtnd  lk^^aoroa>  fnbjeifik^  to  i^pain. 
Corfica,  ?«<*je^  ^9  0^ea^B♦icuin..  Sardinia  is  fv^cd  to^ 
|l|  own  king_|  V»^  SicHy  is  governed  by  a  'wcaroy  und^Qr 
tb^  Iwpg'Qfwaptes,  to  whom  the  iil&^d  bvlc^ngft.  The 
i^imds^oft}»e^^ltitk^  the  Adriatick,  and  IdnlsnlesA 
are  not  wbrrfiy  of  notice.  .   ** 

ITie  printtpaifeasrgirifs,  andbaytia.Etirt^,  arethe 
Adriltick  fea»  between  Italy  and  Turkey Vjihe  ^altiek 
fea,  bet^Wteh  Trenmarfc,  Poland,,  and  S-^eden  ;'  the  baf  > 
of  Bifca;  -  between  France  and  Spainr  |  the  Eng^ifli' 
channel,  between  England, and  France  ;  the  Eajrineot' 
Black  it  a,  between  Jiiirnpc  ^  -^  Hiia  ;  the  Q^tmvi 
ocean,  between  Germany  7  u!  >>:  ttain  ;  -^d  the  }i^&^ 
ferranean  fe*  between  Eoro|f'  .  v^-d  Afrita.  *     *^  ?<    •• 

ilie  cn«?f.  Hiouiii^iai  ii.  Luiopc  iic  i,w'^  ,filps,  be- 
tw«cn  Frasee  and  Italy  ;  the  Ap^nnine  hiillB  in  !taly  «^^ 
the  Pyreriean  hills  that  divide  Fr.ince  froVn  Spain  ;  the 
Carpathian  mountains,  in  the  fouth  of  Poland  i  the  Peak 


$«4 


ASIA; 


m  Dcrbyftire ;  the  Plinlimmon,  in  Wale«  ^  b«f!dfes  th?" 
ttrrible  volcanoes,  or  burning  mountains  of  Vefuvius^ 

m  thf  cold  ifland  of  Iceland. 


at^MCBBBiaE 


9Bats(«e 


saai 


nn  HIS  immfefc  traa  of  country  ilmches  into  all 
X    climates,  ftbm  the  fs^zen  wildi  of  Siberia^  where 

-He  hvdy  inhabitants,  clothed  ia  far,  are4rawn  in  0ed- 
cs  over  the  fet>w ;  to  the  fultty  fogion«  of  India  and 

^fain,  where  feated  oa  the  huge  elephints,  the  people 

Ibelter  thtmfekes.  from  the  fcorching  rayt  of  the  fua 

py  the  fp^eading  ujpabrella. 
Thij  is^the  ffrinbij^ar  quarter  of  the  gjebe  j  for  in 

ATiaibcalJ.wife.  Creator  planted  the  garden  of  Eden, 

in^which. Adam  and  Eve  were  fouraed,  from  ^om  the 
\  whole  human  race  have  derived^their  exfftencc.    Afia 

became  again  the  nuffcry  of  th4  trorld  aft«r  the  delw^e, 
irhence  the  defendants  of  Noah  difperfed  their-various 
Qolonies  iftto  all  the  other  parts  of  the  globe*  '  It  was 
here  qur  Sayiour  was  bom,  and  afccompUnied  the  great 
and|n?rciful  work  of  our  red^ption  j  and  it  was  hertce 
that  Oie  light  of  hisglor'ous  ^ofpcl  ^a«  da^ied  with 
jmazing  ra|«dity  into  all  the  furrouhdiag  nations,  by 
his  difqples  and  ♦foUowcra.  This  was,  »i  fliort^  the 
the-ktre^of  almpft  every  aftion  recoiled  i»  the  Holy 
bcnptares.  ,-  .*  ^, 

This  vaft  tra«a  of  land,  was,  in  the  earlieft  ages,  gov- 
trnedb^the  AfTyiiians.  Medcs,  Perfians  and  Greclcs. 
»IK>n  the  extin^ion  of  thefr  empires,  the  Romans  car- 
ijed  their  arms  even  beyond  the  Ganges,  till  at  length 
AeMalrometans,  or,  as  they  are  ufually  called,  Saracens, 
%ead  their  devadations  ovdr  this  country,  deftroying 
its  ancient  fplendour,  and  rendering  the  moft  populijus 
wad  fertile  fpots  of  Afia  wild  and  uncultivated  dfferts. 
Among  the  remarkable  mountains  of  Afia,  are  Arra- 
wtfiUcaiUje  Cafjgian.  Season  which  the.  ask  of  itoah 


A^fA. 


i^ 


tfatioHS. 

^  rRuflianr 
S  jChinde 


& 


aUtfCMei. 


i^ftcd,  wlien  the  waters  of  the  dcIogefubfkW  j  and 
Horeb  and  Smai,  in  ArahNt. 

The  principal  laligua^t  fpoken  to  h&in.  are,  xkm 
moaern  Greek,  the  Turicifb,  the  Ruffian,  the  Tartafrian, 
the  Perfian,  tht  Arabick,  the  Malayan,  the  Chinefe,  and 
the  Japanefe.  The  European  languages  arc  alfo  ipek* 
en  upon  the  cdafts  of  India  and  China. 

Thecontinentof  Afia' is  fituatcd  between  J5  and  180 
degrees  of  eaft  longitude,  and  between  «he  equator  and 
80  degrees  of  north  latitude.  It  is  about  4^40^01  ilea 
HI  length,  and  alwiit  4,36^  miles  in  farea^thl  II  i« 
boutfded  north,  by  the  Frozen  Ocean;  Weft  bf  i3^ 
Red  Sea,  Levant,  bi*  MfedilCTrane'ah,  and  Eiirop^  tca(l 
by  the. PaciHck  Ocean,  or  South  Sea,  which  feparatea 
it  from  Amerida  ;  fouth  by  the  Indian  Oce»n  {.fo  that 
it  is  ahnoft  furfounded^  by  the  Jca.  ;* 

This  traa  vaft  of  confijtry  is  dividfed  a*  ftif^WSj  rii. 

D\$aiKe  aijd 
,    44.80M.E, 

37»oE. 

J28poE. 

.    ^J5o«E. 

.  2^4:;)S.E, 

i8f»6SE. 
lyioS.E, 

1445S.E. 
"    ao($oS.E! 

f  V 

• '  ■•  ■  .;-^. 


,.  i  Moguleaiir        ..^  -,^ 
^  {^Indcpendfenl    6GO»e6 


jjo^o/xjto  Tobolik 
6441O00  Chynian 
185350    Tibet 


China  f^f^^tfb© 

Moduli.         1,916,500 
indi^blyohd    z,,.-,  - 
'the-Cil^  ^t»^o? 
fPerl^i^         8oo*OQQ  V -Iftiiij^ 
Partof  Arabia  70  ,060     Mecca 


Samar- 
ahd 
Pekin 
0clhi 
Skml 


Syria 
Hi^y  Liand^ 

t^olia 

Btarbeck  of" 
Mi;fbpotam 
Iffck,  or 
Chal^'e,* 
Tnrctrttfania 
Tor    A.Fiircrii4 
?G%oiig}a 
Cui-dilt^n     ] 
lorAflTyiia    J 


29,000     Alrppo 
^7,^00    J«rnfalcm 
Buri'a  or 
Smyrna 

Biarbeck 


1^,000 


} 


27*600 


.jc,ooo     Bagd^r       > 

af6,oao    Teffis  i^tm, 

33,9o<&    S*htra«i^       ^  aa*oE, 


s^ 


■:x' 


4$m. 


AllAe  iflaiidsofAiTa,  (except  Cyprus, atready mcff- 
honed-in  the  Levant,,  belonging  to  the  Turks)  lie  in 
the  Paclficfc  or  E^iletn  Ocean,  and  the  Indian  Seai,  of 
whfcft  the  principal,  where  tha  European*  Uade  or 
Wtt^ftttUinents^are,  r 


\ 


lli:l 


H 


»6 


■  a- 


Vf 


i 


a   a  s  a  a  **''Qiii    iSc    nh 


a,. 
(4. 


i 


& 


'  •  »*         «»        M 


Ml 


■  t- 

i 
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i 


00  O  oo;  oioo* 


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Si -2 


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2   3 


i§  Hi  III  I 


S  6 


*ttE;«;sS{54<«f.S.^p3^aai. 


.iS^ 


(\ 


i^r 


Miles*  « 

•~°jh.tw«„|''7'»+6«E.Io„.r  ®''  **"« 


B°a!°„^Lil!.5'«M«».«r 


l.cngih 
Breadth 

Boundaries.']     m-^  A^ "  "ji, —    "/  "'=  »««  sea  and 

Mountains. 1     'Vhe£^  <^  cJZ^  ^"^^Pe.  on  the  weft. 

A.  province*  of  AnrMfeon  G^^ff  T;S-^""j?«» 
Araenia.  Bigdat;  Al.ppo!Da™foJf  ptl-r"^"'"'' 

which  eo;oy  the  moft  ddielit&l  din&te  »n^  .k   i 
pieB  fituation  for  commerce  »nrf  .h.  ,-1 '  r^"''^'^?' 

empire  Wretched  and  indigent'  *"  '"""^ 

Wi^s^i^n  td"  l^te^'Tfr  ■'?•*.  "« 
horfes.  and  in  various  fcr,?„f        Ti  "'^'j*  »'><»">ids  in 

by  theVild  Llt"&lSrate2l''''"'''' 
of  the pro«„ce.  I.  produces  MolStt^lf'^. 
ton,ma*ch,  manna,  goats'  hair  whflh  Ia    vS.  ^^ 

_  nie  principal  tradinc  towiii  in  vLv^^.l    . .  '' 

^urrz^ic.^'^"^'^>^i^c^^ 


568 


TURKEY  IN  ASrA; 


Govermntn  Th«  governittent  of  the  Turki^  e'^v 
pirc  is  defporj^k'  j.Uie  Kfc  afld  propcny  of  the  fub.  ■« 
depend  on  the  will  of  the  fultan,  wh.)  is  the  only  tree 
man  ifi  hit  dominions,  and  who  exa^s  a  Wind  obedience 
to  hia  will,  a«  a  civil  and  religious  duty.  Yet  the  a  - 
pcnmt  is  rearaitwd  in  fijmc  n^eafore,  by  the  iame  r.  g^ 
k,us  fylUm  an  whicji;  his  arbitrary .poweir  is  fminded, 
:litd  ftill  more  by  the  intrigues  of  the  prjucipal  officers  of 
fii,  court  or  f^raglio.  who  ate  poffeffed  of  the  aflual 
power  of  whicW  the  fultun  enjoys  only  the  appearance. 

The  fiipreifte  council  o*  Hate  w  rMlc<^  the  divan. 
The  regular  or  ordi^ry  divan  Is  compofed  of  the  high 
omcets  of  ftate  v  an4,  on  partkular  «n';j$«5^'«»  a»J^«" 
traortfinary  diwn  is  held,  which^  confifts^befides  thefe 
officers,  of  other  perfons  of  experience  and^  knowjcdec 
of  the  law,  called  in  by  the  miniftcrs  to  alCft  m  mv  dc- 

Kber^itions,  -         <  .        .  i  -^  .v 

The  Turkifb  laWr'are  contained  in  the  kpran,  m  the 

code  Qflms  colle^ed  by  agljtljan  ^^^^f  *?l'^iS'' 


csifess,  the  decif^ 
liw^tanchw* 

Vion  dollars. 

Vttvyl    M 
t^e  Turks  had  a 
each  and40jaili 
|)jer  was  intended  to  b 

JS^%w«.  J.  6ee  Turk 


ufti,  tHe  chioft  of  the  Ma- 
liQrlty  of  laws. 

lue  amounts  to  30  mil- 


at  ^00,000  meja. 
ur..    lu  tlie  year  1786, 
«  line  of  800  men 
in  each;  and  this  nunt^ 

,ed.  V  :  ^\:'.-^..  : y- 

Europe. 


J^riafsA  Marriages  iii  this  ct^try  are  chicH/ 
9fgocia^  hy  the  ladies.  When  the  terras  are^grecd 
upon,  tfee  bvidegtpcm  p-4y»  49Wtt  a  fnin  of  mpney v§  J»- 
cinCc  is  taken  oat  from:  the  Ca*.  or  propet  ^agtftfate, 
and  theiirti^areWsied.  ,1^>'K^'*«f  ^^''f 

^  is  gcSenOly  employed  in  ^mOiing  ^^«^.°^.'^ 
^ng '  eow4^   Ther  are  mt.  allowedby  th#ir:law> 

cobiaibs^  as  thej  <ian.  »»»»«^  ,  ^  '"^'t'-^'^ri^^ 

tt«r  wives,  tbc.wealtJlJ^Twl^  fa«t»  »  ^dof  fn?tf«> 


f» 


^1 


TVRRf.y  m  ASIA. 


3<>f) 


■  indu       Jet  are  fomctimc^ 
unnatui.il  defires.  ' 


of  women  ^  bu^   all   ^hc 
mfu/ficient  to  gratify  th 

Antiquities  0nd  Out'H'  /,|  Thcie  are  fo  variouj. 
natural  and artiiic:al.  f  that  the^  have  furnirtied 
matter  for  many  vo'  imtnr  s  j  ublications^  knd  others 
w  appearing  /eryday.  /imong  the  moft  noted  are 
thofe  of  Balt^.c  and  Palmyra.  Balbcc  is  fituatcd  on  a 
rifinBjpiua,'  ^  -''n  Tripoli  in  Syria  and  Dan  feus  t 
^hetootof  Moa  Libanus.  Its  remaini  of  anttsiu  y 
diiplty,  rdii.g  to  the  beft  of  judgei,  the  boli'el 
that  every  was  attempted  ia  architeaure. 

Varioas^hav-   been   the  conjeftjires  conceraii 

oundersofihcfcmmenfe  buildinge.     The  inha         » 

©t  A  la  -ifcribe        n  to  Solomon ;  bitt  othei«,  with      jra 

orol     ihtyi  afcribe  themto  Antoninus  Pius.     Balbec  is 

entji  httle  cit'    encompaffed  with  a  wall,  iohab- 

'V  >■  by  about  5000  ks.        >   '^  .„    . 

'  ,».  ^'iw^*.*  *?  '*•  '        ^**^  Si  fcr^pturj:,  Tadmor  in 

^f»««»  IS  fituatca  III  ne  wHas  of  Arabia  Petr«,  about 

3i    N.  lat.  ao3  mifcs  to  the  fouthniaft  of  Aleppc,  and 

about  60  from  the  rirer  Euphrates.     This  city,  Maimer. 

^yoneoCthemD(taif*ar|>ui».  ihe%odi*.  i«  noW  in  fuins. 

^  u*tl^  A-^  ®*^*'"^**"»  *"^  thi^conventence  of  trade 
^5?  ^T  ?*,*r  ^»<*«os;  and  wa»  formerly  the  irreat  -  -s. 
pdriui)^  of  the  caftem  world.  ^'  • 

Mecca  and^  Medina  are  curiofities  rirfy  through  the 
fuperltition  of  M^diom^ta^p.  Their  buildings  are  meaa 
when^ofeparcd  to  American  houfes  and  churches  ;  and 
even,  the  temple  of  Mecca,  In  point  of  archfte<aure* 
mates  but  ^fo.,y  ai>pearaKce,  th<    ^  ere<P  d  on  the 

^•^l^y^Ty'l^"^^  ^°  ^*^^  '  en  b>rn. 
I  heTame  niay  be  faid  of  the  mofqpe  st  f  iina,  w^creu 
thafcimpoftor  was  buried;  »» *v»i«*^ 

&tmi»nd  FrinclpaLTonum. ^Thovtghthck  are^inmlmc* 
rawe,  and)moft  of  them  once  remarkable  for  the  beauty, 
and  magnificence  of  their  boirdings,  tbe  number  of  their 
inhabitants,  and.  the  prodigious  extent  of  theit  trade  x 
«^yare  at  prefent  fo  fallen  from  their  former  gran- 
<ttur,  that  very  few  of  them  are  worthv  our  nnrire 

«,^l- '"*"**  fr^iV*  *J*''^'">   <^omprehending  the  ancienfe 
JftGvmtes.  of  Ly^ia,Pamghy^a,  Pifidia,  Lycaonia,  C^ 


,^^?"-«?^^ 


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^  J> '} 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


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I.I 


lA^IM    |2.5 

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1^  1^    12.2 

1^ 


11-25  11.4 


I 


!.6 


Photographic 

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'■■;•>  j;  • 

al}^tl^l#«u9N^  of  in- 


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©rand  SJtfnJ^i  Wt^fr;     llff  |f«w^^«^<#^f i^nw^r* 


"^V^'^  '^'^:<P'  ■ 


'pmoKmm^^im^ 


tn 


;c^-' 


m 


.  V  w  W^WMfe  ?p<^t^  ©tit  ill  the  Ntp  iT^iiWe&ti 

Ifel^^ji  ^|^|^hoW,iriM«*  llw^  1WW  filed  :  hew^b 
2;^^  »^»    1?id*  >lh«i^lB«ol&fi  bcfopf  which  hsj^g 

Jim  mrdic  Itonkhre  x  antf  Ae  ehknA  of  ^1.  a.sh1^» 


.■c\-- 


I  >-i 


'     ■' 

'^is  kevm  in  the-  foiid  rocW  mkd-hzi  a  iiQ«|| dMne  or  Isfn^ 

«ern  en  the  top»:iupjK>rc«4  by  jpHlins  oC  poj^m  >  The 

eloiftcr  round>il'ii  <^<llbid  h^  ilv.eral«#apejs»  ajipro- 

fHjiudto  ihe  «^(flreiit  feai  of  chrll^Uns  who  ttCidt 

there.    *|1i»  t^mreh  i»  the  chief  Tupport  x^  ikt  t&wn  f 

ihe  whole  bufinef|<of  .tl^e  c^ty  l»eiug  to  accopmn^ate 

yil^^i'fmsy.^e.  -wiOi  coiurciiic^ct ;  and  <he  i«es  -which 

ihey  ^  tQ  the  f6;#«rf^^  Tor  the  iihistfai  gmng 

imto  thip  My  ediliile,  ^Ifo  field   a  Very^conitdefab)e 

tefiiniie     ^fides .  this  church,   Uiere  are  fonie  otho^ 

ertiiSted  by  the  fame  ensfprefsjs,  Qv«r  ftv^h  frhcesi  a«  werp 

fu&paf^d^toltafre  beeri  ^e^pdiDe  ^  any  re]Barl^ble,cran& 

a«ion;*af  where  Ch?i#  jite  bis  iSft  A>P|>«r  5  »^*«f '^« 

palace  ofCai^has  Aood>  in  which  our  ^avi0ttr'w|u^  blif- 

fcted  apdmabokcd  rihe  Jioui^'Q^  pbnthia  f^me  j  the 

field  d£  JB|cK>d  i  that  part  of  th«  gardpiton  !ido^nt  Oli^ 

feti  where  Chfift'{»rayed  in|»s,fJrtwiiM5§ganT>^^  <<^^ 

IbmitHt  of  thtft  motint^  jc^apeji »  built  ©♦er  the  p^ceof 

•ttrSavscur*s  afcenfion»  the  floor  of  which  is  the  foUd 

mck^andithe  crafty  ^rifAs  pretei»d  to  flie^  the|eM|i« 

print  of  owe  ^iii«  feet,  i«rhi<^h  ha«  r«wa««d.«yer  fincie 

thai  period,    Th^e  iicipc^rs  ^o  not  whptty  oMjfiwi 

thenifelT^  to  the  places  mentioiied  in  the  New  Tefta- 

moiti  idicty  dUlihguiO)  inanytt^prtledin  the  Qld|  an<$, 

to  ^Hfl  edifice  twenty  cuhita,  £a^uare»  and  fixty  h%^,  ihey 

have  giveij  tike  ap|>ellariorfof  ^hfafom^s  ^iUair.     At  the 

ibutheaft  fart  of  the  elty,  upon  M^unt|lor«*l»»  there  is 

as ed'dicej voimnoTdy called  SoloTO^jn** T«iapl«'  l^fcf- 

tai^^ands  on  the  fpot  wherMhe  aiici^t  teisjple  did : 

ittt  that  according  to  the  preclidion  t^T  qar  Saviour,  was 

fp  efeaually  demoll^ed  by  the  KMOinawf,  |lpt  not  one 

Aone  > omatned  upon  another  «  it  is  uncicr^n  by  v^hom 

dbis  mock  fsArick  was  raifed.     AboUt^ven  mile*  fouth 

of  lerufaleai,  ftands  the  once  £anious  city  oi;Bcthehem 

jt^ftly  celebratedfor  hieing  t]^ehirth.:j)lace9(<^  Siiyiour, 

but  now  rec^uced'to  an  inconfiderable  village.    A  noble 

temple  was  ere^ed  by  the  empr^fs  H«fel»a^)olre;i;  the 

foot  where  the  ftablc  is  fuppofed  to  have  ftood  in  which 

Chrift  was  born,  and  hither  a  ptodigifBttS  fiipnber  «f  |)il* 

^riins  daily  celort.  .   ?>  >;  ^ 


:  « 


t*Mr4*t  m 


$fi 


AT.*.-.iki;  -J' 


Z><' .  ' 


>  ♦^ 


^''     tfr.i, 


"Hi 


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.:.  ^^     '(.      ..  ■    ....     -f  ■ 


R^* 


I*      ^ 


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f  :.i- f-i.^iif 


'i4^i¥^.^r>^m^ 


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■#i?-%S|-**.y'^t-  ^ 


•■fe. 


p»i 


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,♦ 


>.# 


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f 


m 


.^■^■^■^ita^^; 


J* 


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H.*  i 


■V 


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^''     ,  » 


m-'^k 


'    {■^''.S*! 


^m* 


^^'j.f^^^il^-^tS 


41l^.;fp»t 


^|^^Ji^c^,|^ 


'^U^-^,^-' 


y^f^-mnfik 


i^^M^^^^S^, 


'M 


It .   f 


■^$$m' 


*-##S**:i&1 


■i^l 


;v^i».*f  *^     ^t^.;^   r^^ 


i#l 


Rii.'r  ,;  &f',Ai 


msm^r-fC-v 


f:^i' 


.5'*^' 


'.n; 


I  :?«:<, 


'^t|jt^'^. 


ili>lF^ 


«rl 


!i*   '  *l 


-^^^^^  tee  "y%^; 


kQs  about   too 
,  a  air  eMf^lf  ^^|oo% 


i,/.... 


;i  tT  '^, 


-•■fttfcif  1^1    '^S  y^^  ^^'P'!  "f  "*'''^i8i'P  ■*|f|  W'ro^<U^ 


•     4    r-    »   ■         I 


Vt,^ 


IciH'i 


theft,  fjoflnr^"****— **"—  -'-'^  -«---* ^.  ^  ^ 


lional  e^rarOan  ^  vigour  oi  mmd ,  lmd,^J^t^^ 


1 


.*! 


' ' ^^'i^^' 'MfW^/^^^'^-^%'^''^ni'^Mh{ 


'"^Wf  "  ~'^%''^'ff'i  I'^'^wfc''  1'^*^ 


.    f*  - 


■?f^. 


tUplA  5EYOND  THE  GANGES.       385 


of  nH  oth^eip  mu U^^momm  ^  Fcrfians,    The  whole 
ofcMui  jjSHn^la  ti»  t#l(iK0r9  to  |hf  ancknti,  aiul  is  paat- 

J^pe|»  Wf<^»  Hei^i,  a|id  Ava,  pr  th?  gieat  f ifer  Noui- 

China*;  %hfeft»iil of  Mafatca  irtdS^tocMk^ 

^AwA^TfeeWc^this  |icnm(uk  ,is  frunfUl  in  ecncral. 
^dpro^ucef'aftth?  d*:liciw»  friii&  that  arc  found  in  oth- 
^^ounjrij,  contiguous  to  th«  a^Mije^,  ,,  w«|I  as^oots  and 

Mt  t«<«  tiwlNtfrOr  Indian  «»»k,  wl»ich  lor  ihip  buUdfpB  In 
warm  chiliads,  fi^TintK*  longer  duration  than  any  Kuro- 
p^n  Wfe  -^^^  are  nQ  nncomtnota  ob- 

j«^_mA«,  Indian  ^as.  TWs  peiiinfela  abound*  lilcwift 
2;S^^^^^  ^i^i^^^'^^^hMi  cfewKffiick  and 
Sr^-  «re^coiiialKH¥jn  thelbjithcrn  kii»gdo»8  of  A«a. 
^J^M»Wif«l ^^»  «W»^lrad€  iHt  ^gdld^  diaroonds.  rubice, 

l>r^«^|tf^  <»)ta^Ort»  W  wine,  tiH,t»t;*emoft  Ij^altLd 
«ountr3fr<tfj|tttb«cpeoin{u^.  v**'    *=***^«' 

.-3^  i  r^  jh«  firft  conqucrtMr  of  the  who!^  of  Urn  couS 
ti^TrWasltinghifKh^,  a  Tartarian  Printe,  who  died  A  B 
li^^  ^"  *399rTH»«r  Bck,  by  <:<lBq.^(i,  becaftKrOreat 
3i^T  fy«»f*rf  f«'"«'<l  i«  t"«  family  till  the  con- 
jucftofTamerlant  m  the  lith century,  whdfe defcendants 
\*^1!?^^***  1»*  *Vonc  ftoai  that  &  ;but  KoaU  1^1^ 
^Ho^ii^s^opJlW  P^fia,  cbnade^aSlJ  dimi.^cd  ite 

jL>e{hH  and  Cnce  that  eventi  many  of  th    iraahy  tnd  hV 
*obf  hmniad»thcnijilve»  iiidepwdm^^      ^.»o^wy  r^a 

I   i    ■     .  ''  :-'  V,,",.  ■  .;  ■-.■-.  - 


^■■, 


"!>T-teafci 


.I 


m 


'rnvm^^m- 


StT  U4T10II  'A«U>  Exttllt* 


Miles*. 


OBrERIJt  PerC^  U  bwndcd  Uy  the 
t  fl^Kmuin*  Ipt  Awat  or  |>ag^ilb|[ii> 
wbiciv  di?idc  it'fir^ra  Ckcailiaii  Tariary,  on  tb,<9  north  w«ft  j 
bf  the  Cafptao  Te^t^^bich  divides  k  rrpr»  R^^,  on  tji^ 

UiEbec 

£ulfs  ofFerlla  (su^  0^''^^  ^^^  ^^^^^ 
9d4  t^  Arabia  and  l^fkey  Qht^ewitft.  /         ?f 
.    'rhcchie^cily  ap4  refideijce  ft  t|e  (^t^^  u  IQ»a^ 
han,  ^.Bii%'jS)9<;ioi^.'4^.,;  .,.;■ ;'.  ,.u--.-:    -Ji-  ':':l'<,-    ■ 
V  l^i  jMSf|J>  stoil  *s4  ?#^  ^  IPtfiW  ia^  iSoawiiBMO 
s^od  coldj  the  province^  10  the  JoiW*eftl^  atf  Jandy  a»»d 
4cref t  J  tftoft  on  tbc  £outh  s^d  urcft  arr  i^y^iwftik^,  '^Ehe 
airia  the  foathl^e3ttrlin<^iy'  hjOV^n^mtn^K  9Dd  veryup« 
jwholefoRNi.     Inhere  w  fcaredy  aoy .  coiintry  thjAt  has  toorc 
inountlins  and  ^ewcr  rhr^f    pvj  ^fiduAilamM  Pcrfia 
arc  fimilar  to  thofc  of  Xn<!luk  ^  >       ^ 

T}ie  Peri^aos  fre^a  brare,  poiite»  ^  ing«ic|d^^  ; 

Jjon^  ui  tkeir  dfealiflgH  sw/i  ?«v«l  io.i^s(ng€(«.   Theii^gitat 
ipible  keim  tq  be  a^i\tatio$  iu,  thdfi  e^^ii|>^s» 

The  Porfians,  in  geAjeral^are  ftrii^  foUow«rs  6f  Mahonp- 
€t*s  dofti  ine,  but  differ  coivfideffasbly  j  fmm^  thtvfwka. 
Thet;eari^in%ny«4riAl|nsl«  l^fc'ifit,  a^d  ^i(<a  wW^woc^ 
to  firfjf  th^fw|osiirt^  ^  Zoi«tift«f«         -  ;      | 

Feria  is  governed  by  ^o  abfo)«ite  nion^rrh*  ealM  Sfcah 
ot  I^Bg,  aadfte^ucfitly  >Q$^/^  '4'hr^ 
but'fem4esrafe:c$cl»dcd-:.'^       '  ^'  "  '* ;"  •'  '*:  "  "■' : . 

The  Perfiafli  empire  wis  founded  by  Cyr(fe  after  his 
conqueft  of  Hedi%  5^  y^*"  before  Chtift.     It  con- 


'ivi€J%''c^'nri«. 


3«l 


i\mti^^aS^  iiwat  oveidtrpwa  by  Atex4ii4cr  the  Great,  531 
yoftrs  before  Chrift^  A  imv  ^ifp^e^lyleii  the  Partiuan, 
watformecl  by  tbe  Pe^aii,  ttOftar^AfbAcei,  3507e4r8  be- 
fo)«~Cfirift  {  buttii  A.  Pii»{^  Artanerxeft  refioreditto 
its  ancient  title  }  ud  in  ($51.  the  SaraccHS  pat  aii  end  tO; 
thaik  fnl^nt,  Fr<jili  this  ime  PetOa  ii^  a  |>rey  taihe 
TariU|rt»aiid  a  provifiee  ^f^^lftftan,  tifl  TKama»  KM* 
Kfo«  once  more  ralfltd  It  to  a  powccfitl  kingdom^  Ha 
\M|i'il&ffi«^^-in.>7474  ■>    ■  -'^ ',-"■-'  :..-■■.  .-.s- 


1 1  III   i>i    i»«p.«>«»>«i 


.III   i-   I  (1     tmim^ 


<lhM>taaaM*>a*i 


I  -'it  lltf 


,.-S' 


ARABMv 


^^^'!-o 


£        -. r  XlJ^ tte  giiMi  elPerfli Of  Baflbra atfd 
pwiMi(|jj*ich  fe  final  P)6r$a»'^  the  i^akX  by  «»• 

i»<f«»  0<*mr  W»H  M  tb^^^^^^^^^^        wlikli  div^  it 
ff0^  Aiycai^  ort .  the  wtftl    '   ' 


Chtef^«iMis 


».  Arab^|>eftii^t^i,ii  tjk« mid     ^^      «,^    .*     ,  *»,        -    , 
die.  M*o«»fBl«ft.43*  ^<>f  Ntl«t.»i»ao' 

3.  ArabU  Feli^f,  A^utheaft     ;    Mo<;bft»t.  Jbu.4»%'K  lat.ij'ij' 

•.'.'       ;■  ■  .  ■    •■  ■'■■"*•■■' *-^  1 '  W      '■"■"■■■-■■.  ;  .-■•'  ;        -    ,  ■.■■'',    ■.-•'  ■, 

It  h  rtmarfcable  that  tliis  cdiintry  Im  always  prefiryed 
it^'itocient  dathje.  Thir  woird  ^ni3,  it  is  gerteraUy  fatdi 
fi|^|$  arbblie^  ttt  ^^^ebooteiv  The  word  Saracens,  by 
v#fh  one  tt«fe  Is  i^lHWd,  isfkid  ttrf^rify  both  a  thief  aiid^ 
aipihabitaiit  dftij<}  dcfert.  ThefeTRHtie8m%  belong  to 
tfiililrahians,  ht  tfeey^ftldiom  fct  ajy  liwrchahcltze  paft 
tmoffnh  thcr  coiairtY^  tuwhoiij'  i-xtt^ta^a-  fben^fklnft  (V<aiv  «k'^ 


% 


m 


AK4»iA. 


We  ttrcti^ld  that  la  late  tt  llie  yeil^  HffOi  »  bmfy  ^ 
SfHopo  Anbigtii  ii^ehtAtk  Mumn.  of  nachMts  ami 
miriiilijitipfiiag  frtfm  M&c%  kUla^  about  60,060  mn 
pp*,  a#il.pluiidered  it  pf  e*«ry  thing  vthiable^  thouA^  dl 
cwjedbraturfcifliafiny,    <  ^ 

As  a  eoi^eFahte  pm  #  thit  coniitry  Kes  wider  th» 
l^d  wfl^thf  a^  il  tjw^i^te^-iiid  hot ,  the  country. 

*t*^^.?**>^'>*1**ft»W9»^^i^  wh^  often  proreiaiC 
eri»eaally  to  flrangen,  "Hi*  foU  ia  fbiae  parta  ia^^othioe 
nu)re  than  immtale  iaii4>,  Wlwih,  mAi^  agitated  by  tii» 
Winds,  roll  like  the  ti«iiib)e4  vciMi,  and  fimetihies  form, 
Aiojintains^by  whi<;h  wKolft^^c^^  Urc bccn^tM IK^ 
Jolt  Ii»  thde  deferts  tlic  cwaytt^CWng  mmuk^ 
gjJlded  as  at  fea  b^  a  compa^  or  by  the  ftwrf^  Ibr  they  tray- 
el  cbittjf  iip^<j  fogjtii.     Her«,  faya  Df-  Sh«w»  :t^«»'  pit. 

|ar«»  clothed  wi^ftodw^ftaHleaftaB^tbicltwtllcoeni. 
hereTar«  no  mfyardi  br  oRyeyaMs  r  bot  tha  ^hole-it  a 
Jonefome  dcA»late  wildern<;<«j  nootherwiCI  diverfiSed  than 
**y  PJ.«5Pvered  with faiftd^aodiij^ntaais  that  ariJaade 
tip  of  Bsat^d  r^s.  and  prepi^:    Neitfer  i^^ 
ever,  uolefi  %i«timesit  the  e^abioxe^f e<r«lbcd  latli  rtinV 
and  die  mt^ene^of  the  cbW  in  the  night  iliyi^ 
to  th^of  the  he^iiin  tBI  i^^ibeF  lit  ^eTWtfeRri^ 
>rt  *  Arah^^dlll^^l^ 
an  exfellem  foil,  and^tn  |penir<iris  Vew/entW..    ^'iliere  jhe 

fta  coaft,  ^ucc  balrao^  G^ead^  nfemiil^^^my^;  Cf&» 
aloes,  fninRincenfe;  fptk^arif,  fed  bthe>  T^uaUe  gums  5 
cinnamon,  pepper^  card^mum.  ora^^es,  len^ni^  ^ibegrW). 
atts,  fig»,ind  Ofher  ftiMtt  ;  h<lhey^a*^waxln  p^^ 
a Iroall  quantity  of  corn  and  Wine  ';  Tj^  cbuntry  u^^ifk^ua. 
for  its  cofiee  and  its  dates. 

The  moftuTefttl  aniibalsin  Arabtf^aK  canieisahd  dfbm- 
edaiics  i  fifty  are  am||Bingly  fitted  by  Plrbt^       ibf  .twir- 
dlipgthe  dn^  and>pai«hed^d<u^;o£i'th»  %|i^^ 
theyarS  fo  ^tmi^,  that  they,  can^irow  tip  t^l^uorjrom 
their  ftomagb  „  intoj^ieir  throat,  by  wh^ch  n4t9i  t  they  can 
travel  ds,  or  eight  days  Without  water.     The  cam^kufua&yi 
carry  8oolb,  weigk  ujKjn  t^eirbacM  wl^  i«  n*>* J*ls#ji§3 
during  the  whole Joijr^,  fii^  th^y  uatu/aiUy  int^l^^^ 
itn,  and  hi  due  tinic  rife  witivtheii^^^  Tb^4<?B^ 


.Mf'A: 


■>-f 


that  whfltevcr  t&m  tre  tttt^^tvi^  h  o^  Ar  atti 
M  ^M  iheytow  nw  » iiopl,  thctr  caiiif)t  Witl  (mt\\ 
Uat4diftuae,Mfdt;ptuptiidrs^t  ttoi,  till  th^com^ 

r  tn  Ike  ^^j»te  df  Mf  tea,  »r  Jiil^B<fcd  on  its  valli  and 

j^  tiMf'.litto  ha^fptmm  into  EnrfWh.  t>y  Sir 
V9[n\mm^  ttliefe«o#m|  flaunt  of  one  5f  dit ^a 

^^I^H*^**^**^*^8^»*fy  '»<«  cariofityrand 
alfodi^ayxAhTdyandcDtertaiAingTi'ew  of  the  Arabiaa 
c«dQiM«iiiiii9dc»QlU««agr  ;  r  - 


')ii 


%4J*lH^m:m  the aMfibAa  «|  *]m  klr,  the  (btioaa in 

iM«»,i«*«eib«r|ftM»a«l.  they  fined 

/  their  abwleiil  ymd  aie  the  hilla  of  OouJ,  and  di^iried  it 

*^#^i«^^  vthe  reroaioi  of 

thwnijrelaid  baie,  and  fiWK»th*d  V  the  io6di*.Hke 
;'<ha«i^e«engrafed  onthefolkTiocka. '  ^^^ 

'  id  tender  Yowa  with  dtefeirinhabJuntt. 

*?^5  W  f'i^'^J  ^i>P  driii  feoni  th«  thuod^ 
|coiie  flibwerjik^^^ ,....  .  '    '-/  -^,./   , -, *    ..  ..,,„"■- "' ' 

,«I^Md*i;dpor»five  wi|hhoar|».r^  ^ 

^  HiiMi.tljt  m^-tn^  pbm*  taife  thdr  he«cfi  ;  here 
*he^ielapyt^,«^.fi»tbtheir  young  by  ^hc^ fides  oFih* 
nikf  $  aad  hepe(the  oftuithaa  d*p.thdr  e^s. 

wi|9*a.^iwrr^ll0«i 


$ri. 


S§o 


JhLmm 


•  S^^J^^^^^''^'  withtWIIiUr  uiivthe 


^^:  \  ^  »^"»*  «^  of  tb)e  rvtns  conmotiig  tln»^  l^t efy 
ittballUiiints  2  tiii  wRke  avut  m«  Qtt^Wciiii  to  dr«afy 
.M  • 

i^g  pCthfm  rcBim  ta^i^,  wH^k^tndf^ 

their  tents,  and  tb«  Thiupatiift-plaoit^^  with-wliieh  th«« 
were  repaired. 

j»^M«wwc«^%ttMcraieaiofttj«lftd,  wlieo  the^iai% 
Ids  of  the  crib^  departed  ^  when  they  hid  tlien^^lvA  in 

'  ««rriagc»of(»>t»!ii»,4tlte  aot^fl^i  in  ^liii^  lai^ti?4nd 
the  tents,    at  they^a^e   (blicfc,    gave    a«ip&^oiiig 

•   'feund,!.  . "'  •!  .*.  ^  ■■■■•'u.-'i:^".,; 

1$.  They  were  cpncealcd  in  vehkti*,  y^ok  di^  woe 
w#fiweifd  wiiii  4iiriiiBk^  W  carj^s,  iii#  d^u* 
\  eintaialt^and-piaarttd^  '.;<^:^^'^-4'x:k^ 

14.  A  comJMoy  of  «f«tk(tiisf  were  ^<^k  ten;  ^itl^ 
Uaek  cyw  a^  grac^rji^itt,  life^'the  wi»fte»lR  «f 

•    .youog.  ■        .'  —  ■■  -;•>       v,^  i-t;-.  ..*.  ^ 

»5.  Thirr  hafteoed  their  ci^ntlsui|the  Ttihrf 
tta)%  ft^le  diem  frdai  ihy  fT^ht }  >)ld  tli^y  4 


tbrough  a^alc,  wild  wfm^tt ,. 

large  (latiies>  like  the  valley  of  #c^a,' 

Vfhkt  iseaWcd  thi©^r#  Sfeaii%  ^'belSSt^*^ 
oear  nine  miles  long*  ai^  alk>ve  thiteeih  breadth  ;  'it  lies 
open  to  Uu^  nort%a((|  but  to  the  fontbii^i^  ts^  '^Ud  by 
iome  ofthe  loMTcr  eminences  of  Moiiiit^^Etta<il;i|Qd:>other 
parts  of  that  rnA^map  make  liitihl^^  upDn  the 

|la^  as  to  dipdte  it,w»  ^«ft^*«^>  ft>  jt^pil*:!^^ 
|affiq$ntto^|«a^^  ||^i^<^^ 

jFrom  moiint  8in«  matj  be^kift  Moimi  Hq|^«  inhere 
;Moits  kept  th^  ^otto^  ^ 

law  the  buioing^um^^  \^  t|oTrmo^i^(^,ir4sare  ihai^y  chap- 

fks  ihcT«lig«ai»1lt  Jerilalefli^  pmend  to  1^ 


%beije  161^  "fAMlie  isT  li^t^^     fCotrd«l  iwUie 

time,  dr  Mdha  dwti  ftt  M^^  i«b«i$to  JirfiK^dii 
thfe  R«f  Selk  tfe<f'  <^ to  -IrtScl^  tffiMe^fl^ itr^tf  |ie, 
%a«  ^If&i  Ottt  of  M«cca/li#  tR6  {>fiidfe  whtife  lie  vwt 
batte(f»  19  a  lately  Ktoiqac;  r(tm>oncd  by  466  liHUil,  and 

ImriiWiJt/  K  it  calted*^^  ^4V  *>y  thr  -riirts,  becWc 
^K  it  is  fiiaced  the  cofjiq  of  their"  1>ro]>h^t  Miftoliiet,  ewer- 
ed  with  ^^^'^tx^-um^  of  filver  ttfiiic- 
Hi^eitt^c  {HlgHins  refort,  as  10  Mecca*  bat  n0i^^%  fbchi 

'-  The  Ah^  aiv^^de^eikdcd  fi4^  *^flia^ :f<d4^  iv^  -  ^f.; 
tefity,  it  ymis  fer«>tbfM,  tliat  iHtf^/Mf^;  Ip^l^i^  •«  #ve 

tliiii':  l|»l#  m^  Teytly  liiiw  )|Hi4*  ^^.  ji^ti^V  h^ 
a^tMtftjtlMira**^  :^Ny^i«ie«lbi>?|^t»iaod.  1^^^^  r^atijfed 
mxm^^  ^^3)ll^|ptif.y^uf ^ii^«(i»;  of  ^o 

Greikt,  |toai«iak  iaiidiTamT*  a  coi«?ipc«%  pro<>r/oC  Ojio- 

Mecca.  . Jre^  %  ilht  to  Medina,  wfict  ^»I>1»«H  -5 
the  6l^<i  year  oratJi  the  ;4tKy^^ 
•andtlie  t«mhx>f  lurScfniQiftiy,  hit  foVowfrs,  theMahotioetaoji,, 
*«)^|j«!Nt  i|»ei|;  liiw,  ai«i  thei  Cira  is  CiUlM  id -Arab^^^^^ 
gira,  **  the  iljght/*  ,  :^ 

Mahomet*  >5U)«:aift«»ii^ce^,t|^ 
aad'of  others;  whom  bis   addr?fs  daily,  :ttU^e^  to  hW* 
^<*»i^  pwf  Whia\<^^nti:y^  W^i ;  cur  at  •  liaft^ 

Jtn  si^iefccflce >  hi*  x^Hnei  The  %;ed^  |rop»gaiioo 
of  Kis  ()ilem  ;*i«b|i|i  the  A  r^Aip^  wig^a  ne w  argumentj^ 
k%i>^alf  among  p^vliabitafit^  the  "^  "^ 


serial  igypt) '  *  F^rfia  jaji|  Mahomet,  from  a  dSccitfti 


5«» 


ASIA 


:fSLES. 


lie  wa§  proclitiiiftd  Kmf*  9X  Mcciiiia»  i»fche.  y^nu;  tfftT^^ 
Iftovi^iw*  liiMi^t  #  bit  «ifci,  Ml  c^qM.  <iinii^ 


ASIATICK  ISiim 


■.  ,>'/^ 


ITT' "HE  J*pah  iflands,  fbrmiaff  to  «frtpire,govef«nPt»J« 
f^    ^^^  of 


t|ey  •ifa  xtf'k  y^Hb^  t«Miil^*iOil^  narlrow  ejrt %* ihoit  adfia| 

wM<  f lopii'e*  ^">Ai  the  cRi|ct4oiii  to  xhe  pen&nt^  j1?H* 
1^{l^^bto|l^ii^*i»fii^e(i^  ^  a  ilrati^r  iff  Iheir  ^«ifei  I9  a 
iiBiHdf  tea  aojijlfippe  oCtobacct>.  Jp^edieiicc  to  pureaH,: 
aiKi  rejlpt^  to  hq)%r«iui«,  charaiR^ze  the  nwueow  ■,  i  Their 
toe^t  kws  are  yery  feVt*ei  belt  pmiflkineBl  i«  ftktoiu  iok 
^6fed;  f be  inhabitantt  haws  aiado  great  fMog^^itf 
c0i{^nier(;e>aQclag"caltare.  ^  4^ 

^tino|ftKinne  ifbnd,  eaftWuf  Qiina>  ateuadnig  in  al| 
thebe^f^arof Wij.1--  -  " ■ , ■%', - '•  ,■ «'. '  -  ,..,„ . •; ^ '': , ^^;'*^'' 
^  a*he  Phil#iiili  t  tbu  iA  ri*t>^vJtH  ai^  «>tt*ifi>«W. 
^ift  of  Cltuia,bcli?iigjtig  ttf  Sfiiaiiy  «te  frokM  in  ait  the 
^ccmtiw  of  It^  a»*  beaii^fiiV  w  thffW.  »  Thfef  at*. 
»{¥<revTa^fob]eeto  earthiju;^ 

Sfi^us  bitW,  aifdnoijcioai  herbs,  whofejpPo^okiJU  jijIUmi- 
•^oftftyi '  Phcy;  swre  fttbjfca  td^  the  i^paaift  g«?e|^|D(iifc 
iCi^e  fuiua  of  Mniidiuaao^k  #Maii«ibcUli^    »  > 


A^tmm^. 


#- 


9ii 


liaHt*4^tJNi#t  to  li  4te1iir|^%  iftufd  hi  thcf  worl4 
IHitt  dn  bftdim«t  of  t)it  tqiiitioi^  iAditltuiiQQNf^'itiiigi 
tli»iiitiTc  ciM^irr  of  dit  ()ttrtib  ^©^gi^  ipbicii  of  lU  Im^ 

;^SnMiiif%i#  mocK    ^» 

ttiBt  k  iNi|  "OiousKt  ta  IM  dM  Oj^hir  nkttioiMd  to  the 
8Wipttiil^  HBtitMr.  MuHimr'whhkl^  ItfAory  of  UO* 
iflaiidrtMsl^it  wit]Mili»««rii  !•  the  MicieM»  $»  ami  Mr. 
Bruee  h»  '|>rfM^  tl^vl^  fli«¥iiiFA  >lui  tM.  Ofibtr,  fMmiaii- 
cd  in  she  Scriptvrcf,  ^^  Alrici:  « 

CetWbebiigstdthe  ingllfli.*  tuiti^fiadio  he  by  na- 

cifl  it  with  lbia«  ((io#  of  *itct6»»,  the  t^reftrkk  paradife. 
T%«r«*  ibbcriiu>0<Ni|S»f  peop  ydhltora.    Tbli- 

ffl^  ^  iiotdl^M^llc  liiaf^ 

>|an  pi^eipiny  hebi^  to  the  ptiteh«  who-  hare  hete  «* 
rcaM  ijcfikd  9$  <mmm<iyi^titimtc\\ft  th(t  capital  i»iwlsc|it: 
is.  Bai^i  a^^ntdc.iiHl  Mp»Va>  oT^k  ly W  i»  tM^'atuuf^^ 
otA^  c%f«l  ^M&^lt  die  noiith  0f  the  mkt^fniAU,  a#> 
|lifl^wi&  wm^f  the  finfft  M»Qur»  f  #i«  ^oiMi' 
lie  0m^  ttm^tl  ^  *^^^  i^uNl* :  aire  ewAapuied  at- 
tocfiOOQi:  aboift  $o,qQ(y  olilhat  iiat)<»n  were  barbarovflf- 
mSmf4imbou%  Umi  (iiiaUcll^llnu^eyer  ii|oi«d  uoonU^^o^ 


■^wa^^MtnanwiBBnaaii 


AFftlCA, 

A  ^^|CA,  tl|f  fomth  grand  diyifi»Or  of  the 
,/^  1]i^i^^.^0ffe  ^^m^  the  f-ww  of  »|>yramliifc 

theUfe  ^Dj|  tt^e  nonhelt-n  parv  of  It,  whidb  rups  aloi^ 
tl>f  ^oret  oftlie  B^ij^^aiieail^  poiiit  <a  top  ^: 


t^;belo%d  toihe  tlitch  tiTf  xSoiiir«vheii  ft  Wit\edc#iiil]i||i^ 


*•#► 


AmmAk 


s 


nedi.  of  litd  nhovl  (h  mitct  o«M,  Wtweeo  tbt  Rid  St •» 
•ltd  ili»|I«diierfWMM%  ii&t% cill«a  tfaiailtew of  Sueaei^ 
•^  u<  nuDiit  kiig^  ^4|  n«iai;tOifiMli  4|oJe>  miiet  t 
aod  ^Q  broa^^  1^  M  M6o  mUm,  Jbm  cailKi  w«li 
Itit  b6iiftiitd^o«  ik«  noirch  bjr  Uie  Meditaratciii  Bet, 
tRt|i|ch  IfpiiMei  it  ftdfii  tnr^i  on  tbt  u&thy  tke  I^H- 
nwioi^ttt«;ih«  tUA  8t«  md  the  ftidiifi  Ooov,  %tL  h 
diN4e.ifclniii»  4fi*.f  on  thf  knA  bf  tht  %ufhf.t^ 
OsAUi ).  -Ami  09  ^>«ef|  by  |ke  g^  Atl»tif  V  C^mb». 
which  ^par«in  it  from  Arotnoi. 

Thf  flnpA  coijSdtrildr  Htert  ioi  Atricr ,  .  ihie  Njgtr, 
|»l)44)l^|  into  thf  ^tkiotiefe'  or  WeOer»  Oc^mi,  •ftn  ft 
CQjsrift  of  ifioo  mttn.  It  tMte«fet,and  deorcaiin  a»  tlj* 
Nite^  feruMitSii  c^ttnti^^  vi4  h«^|lfti|M  of  toldkjM^yt 
parts  If  it.  Tbt<:iani)»ilMo4  fieiiitti  ilk^irteaii4»fea  of; 
thia  tivier.  Th«.>ftlt|utirhiit!i  dm\^l&0^  'ma  two 
pilrtat  diftharp^t  tifdf  into  tho  Mc^tcrranfaii  my  a  pno- 
(%i(0iiiCD»d5e  froiii,i(s  C|^eilrA)ifftniR«/  T|)t  tilA  con" 
^irahk  nwttntnlDa  ia,  Ai^%»«i«s  At^^^^.m,  r^ge  «»• 
lemlfvj}  fMAn  the  .WeOorn  Qliaii^^tol  whMBlk  4t  ^tvcs  the 
iim4«£AtkBaek€N|a|i  m  fittM^Mgif**  M  hjidit!i 
OUiofrenft  kia^ofMattritaiifei  at  great  i«ri'o£aftriA<»-( 
mv^  whAiaifd  tit  oMeigii^ 

wni^h  aecotint  the  Poet^  reprfftnt  him  m  bcaribg  tbc  (i^ 
tens  oft  his  (houlderj.  TYat  M^^iu^Bt  <|f  the  Moon,  ex- 
Ending  i^etnrd)»fei  bttwe^ii  AJ^ylpita  inner  Mondmopata* 
:lnd»#ftilHMer  tN^^i^  #Ay^  ^Vk^k^^mrnt 
|.eofh^  orthe  MpQnti^iis  of  the  lions,  1iifhich<fifide  Ni- 
I^Ui  from  Guinea^  au^exteod  asfar  ai  CtJiiopiav  l^efe 
were  ftyled  by  the  ancl"^  ''^./^^dttstainstif  God,  oh  ac- 
couti*.  of  their  being  fub*;*'^..  tnoer  «r  I  ?*^hti*ing.  The 

Peak  of^eoeriflTe,  wl  .  i   ,tch  rnake  their  i)(ieri<Jian, 

ia  aboM,  two  fhll^.^ghv  io  the  Ibrtti  of  a  Aig«ct<>9f|'  aH  is 
•fittiHted  tfli  ;a»  i#and  dt  the  ftmc  hattt,  ^ii#'w  <J«fti 
Th$  iti^ft  noted  capis;  or  |rontontai;iaii»(  i^  th%i  tountrf. 
skrc  C^  Ver^the  lijoft  tetfeilyjw^  of  the,  cdhtineSt 
of  A^a^andial'Capc  6f  (5bttd  m^  (fo'  tl^bMoated 
^^  the  Portugi^efe>  whAn^  they  Jirft  went  rdand  if  in 
.  I49«5  the  fcaOi;  <x|rwi»^f  Qi[  M^ 


Avmi^. 


195 


unicttuHi 


oftbe  HottcotoLi,  Tiiete  ;•  but  one  ftriii  ir 
nrhieb  b  v.a '?d  Babel. /fndel,  md  k  the  cetn.. 
bcVwft^tlte  Hed  Stft  ano  the  InAm  Qcci^ 

Africft  |«Mi<B^<»flt»iafcdfevcniliingaoms  tnd  ftatciftflQ' 
^«l'%W|%ttk)i^'t«^for  wCJth  ami  aower,  ami  the 

EtWtqW,  m  |>l11lcu^r,  ^cr«  ihudb  ccwwtled  4  and  the 
2f*»,*«<*J?^*!^i.P^orCanha^^  that  aotfe  fofmidahl 
rtyal  to  Roihe  hiyf,  e^tcndid  her  commerce  to  evew  part 
<tf  thf  iMhMiwii  world,  l/jibn  the  decline  of  th^  go- 
«laiiem»ite,ili  Ac  fifth  eeiittfnr,  the  ftbv^  of  AMczms 
yertwlVjr  %  VaridiJs.  whocpmritmtetiAiirmow  to  the 
lkat|ia«^n  of atti j^d  Icif ncei  i  and.  to  »4dio  tbia  i^w- 
*ry1  canity,  the  Saracedintade' a  rudutn  cooqueft  of  all 
the  0|fta,of  Egypt  abd  Baibary,  in  the  fcvf wh  cen^ary. 
/Pcfe  ^f 'e  fuccceded  by  ibeTOIw ;  ar  J  both  being  of 
<?5  *(*^®''''^"  reliaioo,  whole  proft^i  s  mieddftfolation 
yith  ihem  whererej  ibey  CMoe,   tbc  roir   of  that  once 


^  %W««^««%'e«f»«/<Wl^M!^^'^^  i>  general, 

we^l^ll  iH»w  cohfider  it  under  three  grand  dlviiSons  : 
njKfSjarH*  Mn^jy».  tbeftatcs  of  Barbary  flretcliinJl 
along  the  cbaft  of  iheja^^it^ri^in,  from  Eg  pt  t^i^ 

rJ^^J?J^r^^'^^^'^^  aidl^tty.  that  part 

of  Africa  between  the  iito^iclc  ol^  Cancer  ^nd  th<  Cape  of 
Qood  Hop^  j,4hf  UttpftHcfe.  divifionv^deed,  it  vartiy 
^reaterthan  tile  Qtht^ftw6:  bat  tfiewatioM  whu  i  it  con- 
MHitarefo  iiitre'  fe«ovfn,»»Hd  faliaibaropa,  and  like  all 
barbafoiw  nauoni,  fo  fimilar.  in  moH  re^As  to  ont  another, 
that  they  mfjr,  withont  iiMreSpnetyji  1^  tbfown  ender  one 
-,^eneral  hea*  ^' .  -':T.  "^  -  i^'-  •";:.-:y-  .: ; -  ^, 


* 


^ 


ii' 


^mmt* 


4 


ngj^ 


600 


m^m. 


i 


jiiiiiril  T^^**'^^  ty  t^f  H^iierfanean  Sea, 
:^^^  ■  -^  X  north  ;  ^y  the  Red  Seg;  caft  y  by  Abyt- 
rnkfOittHe  UfjiiBr  Ethiopia,  op  the  fptithj  by  the  Vkftri 
^  B^a,  aud  t^  i:^knpm  ^atts  of  if^f|ica»  weft.  It  is  dt^ 
tSdted  hito  Loiwer  and  ljp|>cr  Egypt^ 

CHmatt.]  It  is  oibferyed  by  M.  Vollwy,  that,  daring 
eighl |ndlrth8  <rf  ihe  year,  froni  March  to  November,  tl% 
heat  »  almbft  ioruppoftable  Ijy  an  European.  '**  Duriwr 
^e  whole  of  this  feafon,  the  air  is  inflamed,  the  tVy  fpark^ 
ling,  and  (he  hsit  oppreffive  to  all  unaciuftomed  to  ti,"* 
llie  other  months  are  mb|e  temperate.  .The  foutherly 
vriftds  which  fometimes  blow  in  £gypt»  ate  by  the  natives* 
called '^/J^Qtr/  wttdty  or,  the  1)ot  tvwJs  of  the  defert'  They 
are  of  fuchextreine  heatand  dr>ner$,thu;noanin)ated  body 
expofed  to  them  can  withftand  their  fatal  infiuente.  During 
the  three  day?  which  they  g/eoeraHy  laft,;  the"  ftreets  are 
de%ted  ;  ard  wo  to  the  traireKer  whom  diefe  winds  fur^ 
prife  remote  from  (helter  :  when  they  exceed  thre^  <|ays, 
they  are  infujpportable.  '*        .j- :^:,  f^ 

'IJhe  foil  ts  exceedingly  friiii^ili  }3fecafeoiiijed  hy  thc'over- 
fioWing'o'f  the  Nik,  which  leaves  a 'fattening  mn»e  behind 
it.  lliofe  parts,  BiOt  oyerflowe<$  by  th6  Nile,  are  unculiiva- 
tedi Tandy  aitd  barren/  iiftyptj^pdu  edrri,  rice,  ftgar, 
flax,  lineH,  fahfc'i fkl^animonfiackV  balfa^.^od -various  forts 
ot  fruits  and  dragfi.      ,    -^      _        >,  I'  -   •    ^    _- 

%yP''^'*'  'atefy,>j^4i  goyeMiiedbjra  iBalHaw,  fenVfwJm 
CbnUafitihople,  an^  was  a   pfbyiricei  ot  ifcie  Turkifli  en- 

i)hre.»  The  Tuflci|  and  Ara^^  are  l^aHbmctans.  Ma- 
loir^etanifipfi  is  the,  etl,abli(he4. religion  9>f  ^y9£^*  h^^t  there 
ai^*  many  Chi iftiaiis  called  Copts,  Jaiill  the  Jews  are  very 
otimerous* 

The  number  of  inhabiiantji  in  Egypt,- according  to  M. 
Volricy,  is  abdut  i,3dd,co6  J  of  which,  Cairo,  the  capital, 
contains  2^0,000,     ' -  ?.;'  .^  :-;,,.,'  \    ;:^  ,":.';:■., 


changes  in  its  government,  and  its  affairs  are  yetm  an  unfettled 


klvlmowjik^^  thofe  flttpendon* 

wwr.of  loJfyi     Tlie  Etf ^j)tiaQa  were  Om  oiaf  peoph 
Wib  wcreJictEJUftfnteti  #Hh  the  att  bffiidi&nm^^^     tff^r 

^^Nne,Hcfckbrated  for ;  Its  ^jriUfeitag  rtntmdationsr 
dmJoTihe  hhtUf  ytlnckmi^  ciWo&lei,  |l^hicIl  mhiditt 

l>*y  ^^^f  ^onottttto  it.^Th6uf|n4s  of  cattle  are  ofer- 

ea  t^ the  Ueity,  who  is  ftjppbfed  to r^0<le  at  itsfottrcc* 

TOs  iw^as  tlie  theatre  ^  thofe  i-ejusMrkaljIe  tfaniaafww 

5^0  ?«»a1tc   up  the  bea\itit«ra»d  afiefting  hiftory  of 

m^:'  mre  Miiraolv  exhibit^    ftette^1)f  cricltT, 

tyranny  an^  oppitflidi^  t<w^ds  th?  jfraelile*,  in  the 

tfcurfc  of  thj^r  40b  year?  Boiiaaie  to  Ui^  Egyotians- 

^^!9\^^^^  ^^^^"^^ri,^  was  prefervcd  in  tht 

litthi  ,ar^,  a^ong  the"  «ag*  Wthe  Wks  p{  the  Nile, 

^ere,  throngh  the  in^iihientarity  of  thi»  great  toai^. 

th^  E^yptikns  were    aP^cd;#ith    many    grievoiwi 

gagues,  whtdrNlnduceid  th^m  at  Irfft  to/*/  thd  t[o, 

&'■*»  %/f«  Vith  hi*  rod,  dlvic^ed  the  Red  Sea,  and 

^Wp"^^  ^t  oh  ory  land  <  wjtich  the  Eatbtian«,  at- 

tttiipting^to  dOi  were  ttverv^mld  Ky  fieTeturning  o# 

the^at^-rs.      To  dm  iccne  lucceedcdklitf  iifradnes' 

w4eteoi%bfe  40  y^aV^  march  through;  thc^eftrts  of  Ara- 

bi5^,  before  they  reach«ed  the  kn^  of  tanaan. 


sfir-'i:i'ii(;i,'f'',tag; 


s 


THE  S1:Af  E&  CJi  BARBARY. 

r  pDEIi  this  fcea^^jre  fl«dl  r^fti  the^untries  o^ 
\Jy  Morocg»and  r#j  a,  -AJgi^iii  ^  3     Tunis  J 

ne  empire  oC  Mdtocct),  mchidfng  P^^'is  bouiided 
^"  ^«  «^^tl»»  hy  the  Mediteranean  f^a  ^  bn  the  fcuth 
by  Tafil«t|jndon  th^  eaft,  by  Sege^cfla  and  th^ 
kragdom  of  Algiers,  bemg  S<^tmm4u^,  and  480 
m  breadth^         '       ( '  -      ;  v    /  ^^ 

Fez,  which  rioT^  {s  united  to  Morocco,  h  abotit  ^je 
>niles  11^  length,  and  'much  the  fai*ie  m  breadth      ^ 


bctw'cen 


Is*  1; 


the  kingdom  of  %i^  to  tht  ^^^^t^ul 
^cco  bn  thfffonthvand  U  furrodnded  00  0tber  part*  by 


*0f»^ 


•••'a 


Kk 


•'^■' 


.-:^^ 

:^:^ 


to8  •      THE  ^TAT£^^  BAftDARY. 

Algiers,  foTinfefly  AX^ngdom*  is  battm|ed  on  the  ctft 
hf  the  ktrtgdoufi  of  1  ttiiis  1  t>n  t^t  dOrdiV  by  tlit  JItdi* 
tir,«fie«iR  ;  (^  t)^  iovi^t  by  Mount.  Atlii^  and  m^ 
^cfti  by^bp^ting^Mft*  %**<»'o«!«>  «i8i4  Tl^letv  j^ 
cording  to  Pr,  ^h^p%  vhp  reUdcd  i »  yesirs  At  A]g^^% 
thi«  country  extend  in  lcn;(^  4^0r^il^,itJ^(k)|^  ttitf  f  GUfr 
of  the  MeditetaAe«C»  «tid>tiw^^40  lind  too  ifiiilet  in 
bi^Hdtb;  \      ''i-  '■'.■,.'  ■;■  '*■.■'•■;■*  ^  ■■■  ' 

'funis  is  boitncl«d;bi^,the  Wcdit«rts«ieaii  on  the  ^ni»th 
smd  caft  ;  by  $}ic'lungdfldK#  Algiers  on.  the  weft  J  «iid 
by  Tripolii  witlh  part  ii£  BSt|eduIgen4»  fm  the  fou^^  bi? 
Ing  2^0  niitifs  in  fengdli,  fnam  north  to  foutb;  ^4  ^TO 
iliSmdth,  from  e4K  to'Vf'efe  -  i 

**Tn^6li>  including  Baron,  is  bdiiilded  en  t)^«  nortl^ 
%  the  Mi-ditert ane^  fea  r  on  Ohe  fouUi,  1|y  the  coun- 
try dt  the  Dcrlberi-teS)  dll^e  we(^^  Vy  tUe  kingdom  of 
Tunis,  BileduigWltd*  ;stndia  terrilOry  ot -the  Cadamit  i 
and  on  Uii  eait^  by-Egypt »  extending  about  iioo 
nriifes  along  thir  %i  cc^lt  {  and  tfat  breadth  ^IrolSi  to 
jbawules.- '    "'""■    ''■'     V'...''- A '-^  ,  .   >,  ■.  -v  i*';^«r/ .  -.■• 

Each  (fslLpital  beati  tl#  n«ne  of  the  Aate  or  kingdom 
towhich  It  beloi^gsi  biitf^capitl^of  Biledulgcrid  (the, 
anciehl.J*ttmidii|;1*'iter«li'r:M.  "-■•    -  .--V  ' ',/■         ■'■:'^ 

The  Bi^rliirY  ftat^ioritt^  great^^p^^ 
though>Sch  S  ittlkpendfcntiis  tdth«  etercire  ofits  iii- 
tcrhal  policy.i:-' .;.'':  -T     -'  ^.,->    ;-*.p:^v'  •■■Hr;!.^,  :;NiJ',.-,- 

Thc  aii^'  of  thefe  ftat^  mild  kftd  agiieeablfv 

TUndcr  the  Rfim^tt  fmj^irc*  tbey  wer?  JHitly  denomi- 
nated i^e  gardlu  of  the  Woi^d^  lidd  t&  have  aJ^relideose 
tliere  i^'ai  tonfidered  las  d»ehighcftftate  of  injury,      -; 

'!  he  prodtt^fe  pt*  the »r  ^'^  iixtm^d  thbic  luagadnes^ 
yrhHi  fttfnifticd  aiHtHiy,  and  grej>t  part  of  the,  Hbjltiatn 
EnipiicVw1thcdiri!,ViiM:ando|  T4i(n>gh  ihtlandi  ar« 
now  uncuki v^itcd,  thriy^b  the  oppreflfion  and  barbarity 
erf"  their  cdnllitUtionVf et  ,lh*y  ate  ftill  feitil^n<lt  p«ly  m 
the'  above  mentioned  comiuodiiies,  but  in  dates,  tigs> 
ritfms,  a  iRioiidi^  Up^l^s,  pcars»ch^es,|ilun^,  citrons, 
kn.ons,  oranges,  pomtgriinatfesiiB^uh'  plenty  of  roots  and 
herbs  in  the^^  kiti-hen  gitfdeus.  lixeeUent  hemp,  and 
flax  crow  ort^ir  plains;  v      '     <^  j<   <     ':  v^   ■ 

Morocco,  t|ie  ca|(itai  Of  the  empire  of  thc^^ 
is  thvuglil  to  W^ia  «5>«»oo  »nl»*bita^^ 


"^ 


THE  STATES  OF  BAftBARY. 


399 


aoieoame 


•^ftl cit% of  Afeicfi h  fldt^boyc  ^ ikik  anij.* h^ia 
#€U^,thougfi  if  IS  comj>te«d  lo  emiuiniiear  i  *^,90p 
l^l;»itali%  f  5^E«>9:>  Jioiifcav/  atti  t^  ^^^rqiipt.     Th«ir 

ttftr  V^i^^oSptStmih^  tfltoMry  iiAd  ^ea  fr^^m  Algiers 
it  vtry.tteatitifiiWbt^g  builirdii  the  dctfUyity  bf  a  m6«i- 
taia  5  bat  (the 'city vthougfe  forfeytral  »]g;es  it  has  br-jived 
feiile  of  i<i^%r«atdft  |>»;fw«M^^  it  kf^^ 

(HouM  0^1^  but  alaifit  4efeae«  a^iiift'l  a-refl^uUr  fiege, 
a|ij^  thir^iirce  Ens^m  (if^  might  batter  it 

:fl^tthe.^T«<rf«W«iiHabittlnt$.ft*»!rt^  If 

fp^  the  Spaniards  mttft^Ve^bcen'vei^jif  de^dent  eitheiF 
ih  <56«raj^e«  j^«^  the  yeaf 

ifffSf  bf  ;l|i^;  and  by  l^a;^^  but  were  roputfed  with  great 
IiH^  %lks«^  they  liad  near  »6^ooo  foot  and^ii^ooo  horfe^ 
«ndi0 1^^  IH%$  of  dilSa^r^f  ate 
Iti  the  |fc*rs  ^783  «?d  I  '^^4,  they  alfei^ t^newed  their 
ittsicli  by^  I 0  <j^^^  but  aftdr 

<behcDii^  a  l^oaniity  ot'sinlmunStldii;  ftoii^  &c.  weie 
tmki  16  tietinfe  withdiit  eithei"^  capture  ^r  extin<£lidn. 
^^Toiib  ii  ^  moft  polMh^  MpoUick  «f  #U  ^le  pxt' 
baty  i^^es.-  The  eapitfd  eoni^titt  0,QOO^f^|te%  and 
il^^^cto  tradeimc^^ji^^p^i  and;^^^^^ 
'  t6o6;^|es.  The  Tnmrian  Vfl?we«<  are  very  hand* 
fome  in  Jneir  perfoiis  $  and  thou^  th%  me^i  ^re  fun.* 
burn^  the  wmpUiicm  oi*tl^ 

ai^t^lfifl  neat  and  ^e^aittj^^  buj  uity 

imprpytfile  beauty  aTtheif  c^s  by  art,  partieatarly  the 
powder  of  lead  orei  the  l^me  pigment,  according  to  tfie 
•p^Ton  ^f  the  l^anied^r.  ShaW^  that  Jetebel  in^dt  ufe 
of,  When  (be  iiiaid  (a  Kja^$„  ch^  iit.  verfc  30)  -to 
h^ve  pointed  hef  face  ;  Ithe  woriife  or  the  orisfinal  being 
thai  fte;^'  off^  her  eyei  with  thfc  poW<ier  of  lead  ore* 

■  TripdU  was  once'uie  richeft,  moftpopulpuf  and  opU* 
lent  of  all  the  ftatis  on  the  c»aft  ;  but  it  is  novf  much 
reduc«»d,  and  thrinhabitiMits,  who  are  ^md  to  amount  to 
b^twden  4    ahd  500,000,  hlive  all  tfievic^t. of ihcAl** 

All  foreigners  are  here  allowed  the  open  profeflian 
of  their  religion,  but  the  inhabitants  of  t|iefc  Rates  arc 
MAhoinetans;  atiJ  miriy  fubjbds  of . Morocco  foUow 
the  teQcts  of  one  Hamedi  a  modern  if^Uirtd^  ^nd  9A 


406  Or^E  StiiiVB  COA$iP,  i^i 


.'/ 


rtl»r  tdi^c  JiftdhJt  doArin©  of  the  clKfs.  We  Vfyyn 
of  Barbarjr,  M  the  mha^ittms  qjf  iliefe  (fates  are  now^ 
promifcu&ttfljr  c*ile^!(l^auft  ihe  Sarateng  firft  enteretl 
Buro^e  (rom  MattHtAQi4.  tj^e  cbtintt'y  t>f  ^  Mooi-iV 
havp^a:4opt^*^th<yerjiwo^  paftsqf  tjic  WMtbmetat 
r«Bgi0h,  and  feenrtd  htive  ittalned  6n1y  a^tnuchof  it 
as  (Countenances  th^rviqes. 

^  Thc^Emperour'of^drrocco  19  aii  arhiltrat^  Prince, 
/Ilgicr«  IS  g<|f«iwd  by  a  ftince,  csj^^  tht  i)«T,icleaedi 
by  the  army.  -.The  ibver«i|i|»  qI^Tu^w  ^and  Tripoli, 
calkd  Beys,  aSrfr^  Bot-  fp;  iflu|(ppfe4f^  as  idie  forfnwv 
Thefe  thfee  ftates  i^ay  be  lo^k^rupoa  as  rebubli^fe  df 
foldJers,  un^et  tbt  p^rb^^lbn  «f  tbe  C^arai  SigWor. 
With  Wtg»eir«  Ibe  IJnitei^  Mteifi^Vei  Ia.te!y  ncgociatcd 
a  treaty  c^  P^e:e,  ai^4  h^^.cooBrp^^aViNthf^h  be- 
f<»-e  i^Md  "wlt!^  Mprocc6i, ,  Qr  this  ,irosS^'a<W4  the  fa- 
moai  icity  ofXanKage,  >hicl|  ^fis  diftfayld;  by  tha 
^.otoans.  Attt^g'tJw  gi;§at  jto^n  ,Aln  ha»  wc^iige^ 
«|e^mi4li^,  ;Cyp«rtaifi,  Jjjil^svMij^iAU^  Ambius, 

Thfe  warriovrf  <f  ijot^arf  Mf^jl^' WQ^^  AA 

4rttb^L    Ainong  the  pqetf,  aril  Ttreocc  jand^ Apuleiu*; 


338= 


.lL\  t».. 


;-t' 


v!;f  (-;;;;• 


==f= 


,,  i  - 


faiA  ,  TttV  TaPM<;«V»f  fisCEa,     1|-0     THl,    CAM   Of 


.♦%'v-- 


U) 


.^' 


:i^f^fiJB  ironi^lMH  te^rl;p;y  >i$i  jipi^jparatifcly  fpeaUng, 
Xi  very  little  j^O^T^n  ;>  i!^e»:e  i«  no  n^oderp  traveller 
"tl^thas  penetrated  antoth?.  ^^.our  pitr^i  j  io<4iat^  we 
are  ignoirai^  not  'oRly  0f .  the  bp^fli^Sii^^  but  even  of  ihc 
nametr  of  fc^cM/lnla^il  €0jiiniiri^>;'  In  n^any  material 
circumftanceSj  wc'  jnhabit»i!ti,  of  th^t  extenftye  tonti^ 
nent  a^^  wfthcach  ot^it.  ff  we  cicef^t  the  people 
of  aby%nja,  they  are  ail  i^^  ^atk  cottJ^lexioii.  liv 
their  wllgibn,  except  on  the  fea  coaftsi  wtiieh  have  b«jei) 
vjfited  arid  fettledby  fl;ranp«i:$» ihsy  a^  Pikgai^s  j  and- 
th?  foTik  of  oroveriiteetit  i*  f y eH"  wberft  in^ai^chical  op 
dj&rpotidk^  \  t(h»  princes,  hpw^cr»  pb0*efs  a  very  exten-. 
%p  jfii:ifdi£tion ;  for  as  thienatiyeswthurp^t  of  Africa 
are  faid  to  be  grofsly  ignofailt  ia  alt  the  arts  ^of  tUility 


6t  THt  ai-4^1  CQAir^kei         4/^^ 

on^neneiit,  ihfjr  lAuft  be  littl^  acqi^aiot^  with  one 
an'>jLh«7|  and  generally  U|iite<)  in  Cm-AU  Aici^tiesy  eack 

govcmejby  i^  owo\pnii^e.;,  ./,;,  ;',-":■  ' /^;?:.:-;^.,-  "x 

W«t  are  t^t tmptfrf«^x^ac^4QCe£('  #ich  Ui^  tasuatiert 
aOci  cui^oins  of  ll*t  people  oi!«iW  nt^Vc  conntry.. 
The  a<:coiint$  given  u*  by  Mt  Bruce,  of  the  Aby«j3iivi^ 
an$i  rei^refent  them  as4ii  a  ilate  of  vcrygreat  barb^rifm. 
.  j  heir  i]||Qmr  opte4ii)g  ts.heyoiid  a  pan^k^if  w« 
njay  tx^liete  the'rcf^rtjj  of  tnat^  author.  He  lofbrms  us 
that,  fillii^  in  wtth-lome  jK^di^  driying,  a  cow  be- 
fore thenii  he  was  futpris^d  to  fee  theqi  throw  dow|t 
th)t  anfmali  cttt  off  pieces  of  her  fleOi»  and  then  flapping 
tKe  fl(in  Ofw^t  the  wound,  make  htr  gejnp  ^nd  walk  on 
as  i)e|9fe  He*  foiled  this  x^  be  ^the  oqmmpn  pra^icft 
of'tiier country- ;,   ;.  :V  .;-?>„  ■:':/:..  ■^'  .':  ,t ;.   ...::  ;•■ 

rhe  religion  of  the  AVyffintalns  i^  it  mixture  c^Chrlil^ 
tiixnity*  ja<|»iCm  and  Paganiioi ;  the  two  latter  pJT  which 
arc  by  far itiiiieino!l|^d^n^9sw  ;  Theri^e  hiere  mar« 
clmrdimthaji  ipi /an^y  other  coumryi  a^  though  it  is 
verymottntalapws^  an4  tohfequently  ^the  view  much 
6b^u^ed,.it  is  ieldom  you^  fee  le(s  than  J  or:^6  church- 
e%  J^cry^rcai  man  when  he  dicsi  thttiks  he  has  aton- 
ed for  M  his  wick«dneff ,  if  he  leaves  a  fund  to  build 
a.ehEurch»  or  hasoa«t^uaUm,htslif«Nsme<^      ' 

'rh<t  chitfches  arc  full  of  piftur-csi  flov^nly  pain(sd  on 
parchment!  and  nailed  Ufitln.  ^e.  Walls.  There  is  no. 
choice  la  their  faints,  they  arc  both  of  the  Old  and  iSew 
TeilaOicnt*  and  thofc  thiit  nright.  be  difpenfed  with 
from. both.  'HwtrcisSt.  Piwrtius  Pilate  aAdJbiis wif<i ; 
there  is:  St.  Bi^am  at\*l  his  ai^  ;  Samibn  and  his  ja^sr 
boive^^^and  fooftjje  reft..'^^:,vf     •".:"';-*.■-•. 

'l*hcfcniltfyofa  CQ^niiiy  (b  prodigiQufly  extetfri.vc» 
nicght  befiipppfcd  wpr^' various  than  we  find  U^is  ;  in 
fadr«  jihcKeisjao^medtuin  in  this  part  of  Africa  wiib  re» 
gard  to  ^  adv<intazcs  of  foil  >  It  iseither  perfe(5lly  bar* 
ren»  or  extremely  wsrtik  j  this  arlfts  frqiai  the  intcnf© 
hcirt  x>f  the  fun,  which^  V^^  it  lifeets  with  iafficicnt 
moi^re»  produces  with  the  utmod  luxuriancy  ;  and  in 
thbfe  c0w^rics  Where  there  ate  few  rivers,  reduces  the 

tt%ffkt**f  t\4  tK«>  yartK  ttx  %  hayyen  fAnti       Qf  this  fort  ar* 

the  countries  of  Ajuian  and  Za^ra,  whichi  for  want  oi^ 
wiat(it>>  aiid^lMii^u^tiy  of  "alloj^fr^nccc^ai^^**  ^^  ^ 
diK«d  to  pcrfed  ieferts,  |i  thc  lianie^otf  thfi  Uttei^  da< 

Krk  2'-^    :^  •-;>•■::/  ■''"', 


w 


4©*        OF  T^IE^  SLA WC«>^«V,  &c 

notes.  ^  In  thQfe^coaiftrtet,  on  the  other  hand  \i^em 
diert  ii  plenty  of  water »  an4  particularly  where  the 
rivers  overflow  the^kndt  part  6f  thr  year,  as  in  AbyU 
flniSf  the  prodndfofis  of  natnr<e,  both  of  the  anim<tl  and 
▼egetaUe  IHpds»  are  found  in  the  hfghed  pcrfefHon  and. 
greaieft  abon^|;e.  The  cootitries  ofM^ndingo^  j^chi- 
opiai  Congo,.  An^a,  B«tua,  Trnticiri,  Monomotapa» 
C^ati,  ahn  Melieiielnugi,  are  extremely  rich  ineold 
and  (liver.    ■-.- ■         ■  //vV -•'•••"■'.•■■■  ^'^'  ' 

GondaTf  ihe  n)etrppolis'of  Ahy^ma,  is  fitaated  upon 
a  htU  of  eonfideraWheighe,  thc^top  of  it  nearly  plain^ 
on  which  thefoWnispIacedw^  '  It  conftfls  of  about  10,000 
families  in  time  of  peace."  The  hdnfes  are  chiefly  of 
chiy,  the  roofs  thatemd  in  the  Ibrm  of  cones,  whtehis^ 
alw^s  the  con  ftru&^on  within  the  tropical  r^^N^  '. 

The  Abyflt^iaifis,  from  a  very  ancient  triiititioft^^  ae- 
cotdin^  to  Mr.  Brtice,  attribute  tl^  fi^nndHtion  of  their 
monarchy  to  Menilel^,  fori  of  Solomon,  br  the  Qjieen  of 
Shebar  rendered  in  the  vutgate,  the  Q^een  of  the  ^th. 
^e^annali  of  Ac  Ab^^^nfahs  fayTiil*  wa«  «  Pagan 
when  the  Ueft  fHt^vfti  eonn^ry,  but  being  full  of  admi- 
rktioflatthe  fightof  3olomon's  works,  Ihe  was  con- 
verted to  Jodaifm  in  JeruMem,  and  bOre  him  a  toif, 
whom  (he  called*  Meniiek,  an«l  he  beoame  their  firfk 
King.  She  returned  with  her  fon  toSheba,  whom,  af- 
ter keeping  him  fomc  years,  (he  fent  back  to  bis  fath^r^ 
to  be  tnftru^ed.  Solomon  did  not  negle^  his  charge^ 
and  he-sKrasancwhted  and  crowned  king  of  Ethiopi<t>  in 
the  temple  of  Jerufalem,  and  at  his  inauguration,  took 
the  name  of  David  :  after  tifis  he  returned  to  Sbeba, 
and  brought  With  him  a  colony  of  Jews,  amohg  whom- 
were  many  doaors  of  the  law  of  Mofes,  particularly 
one  of  each  tribe,  to  make  judges  in  lus  kingdom^ 
Witbthefe  camealfo  Azariai^  the  fon  ofZadok^the 
pried,  and  brought  \*ith  him  i\Hebrew^trat«fcrtpt  of  Uie  . 
law,  which  was  delivered  into  his  cuiiody,  as  he  bore 
the  ti^  of  Ncbrit,  or  high  pric^  |  and  ihis^charge, 
though  Uife  book  itfdf  wai  bnrnt  With  the  church  at 
Axum,  in  theMoQifCh  war  <rf  Adeli  is  ftiU  continued, 


r 


:iu[  ft  is  iaid^  th^he  linsss^Ysf 

« the  church  of  Axum  at  this  day.   •  All  Abyffinia  ^vas. 

thcreapoB  conveit«d»  wiiihe  government  bf<h«cht|rcii 


vas   coa> 


Mdi  Au|«jiso(bIkd  necordiDg  to  what  w^as  jtl^ei^  ia  iife 

J«me«  I'ort*  ii«4i>Kh«r  f<|ttl«m^a  nt au  piidu|>  the  rit^r 
QiimiM^  ^hcre  ^y  eychnngc  their,  w^p||icnai).d  ^n$n 
'  n)Hau6i<toe»»  ^ii*  h^4/^^r«  ai^d  fgj^itup^^  ttgu^rf, 
fon v«he  .p«rfo^i:of  ih«'  oaftlvct.  vBy  thip  treaty  of  pf^^e. 
ift^,l  7l(3»'theiiii!4lr  of^lntgal,  with  U»44|»jeoflfncie«,;  were 
given  ut>  to  Fra^c».  AiiiKmg  <he.  N^gr()c%.a  n^^V 
wealth  i»nfifts!  la  the  nuiQh«r.9Cf^k>l>MAi^}'^  ij^^oip  he> 
feUtltke jo  n^anycaltlf^'aDd pfteu aty^;inferlo\ir prices 
Qpiid  ntjki  iyorj,  nwct  lo,  the  ila?^  tra4^  foriti  principal 
hramhes  5>£^Amc^f}  commence.      1, 

TJaegrt^ft  p»rt  of  the  prolft»  of  the  Jave  Vide  i* 
raifed^cn  tiie'iu^^r  phintajfJon*.  If  by  edal^Kfliinff  i^- 
ttwnesiaiuleiicourragingtsiviliaiition  on  the  coaft  dl' 4fr 
\ififxm,Ap4  vsty^raimfomti  of  the  Weft  Jiftdia  aiid  i^ei; 
fl»T«i|^tQ  dfienr  o^(MM*l  €(q|lii(ntrf »  £>m641^ndc>!B0<l4d  |»e 
ziqiade  for  paft  treacherjrJD-  ih#nauye^  a^id  t^c  inh-^hit. 
antscQuIdbt^inl^riibftedia  the  culture  of  tobacco,  in* 
dig%  jcotton*  rice*  lie.  to  baiter  mth  us  fof  oar  BifiDUo 
fa^i^reti  gre»t  niight  bethejr^fitft  and  muich  wouUl.  ie. 
fer«c  thrcau^  of  Imtnanitf «  Ain  undertak^^  of -thi» 
killed  4ias  Uteif  hcxia  fet  qH  iooXikfth^iSurra  Lai9*ta  coip- 
pany*  which  hidti  f;iir|o  beit^ccef^^!*  ani  doet^v^ 
.gr^at  bonour  to  the:.kaiBaiut.^entleinen»  whoarc^  agents 
'in.this-hu<uieli».;  ■         ■  i^^-H;  %\v/;S'r>i  ■',, -^ 

Tk«  «ikhliibmeBt  which  the  Dutch  Haft  India  com- 
pa^^ihave  niade  on  >  either  tide  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
liope^  the  ^xtieme  fonthern  poiat  .of  that  great  con- 
tinent! which  CQmpvcJieo4$  Europen  A<*aj  and  Africa, 
extei¥is  according  rb.com|:ii^atjo%v4|a  f^ftward 

s^)d  wwiiward,  and  350  towards  the  north.;  ,?Jn  this «Xf* 
ten^ye  dbmain,  the  pppuUt4on  amounts  to 'l^t^^  00  in- 
habitants of  Eoropeah  defcenty  and  about  30»oco  flaves^ 
Albicans  and;  Afi^tt<:ks. 
J.  vThli  coantry  is  capable  of  being  inadevb]jr  the  6in- 
plcft  tti^ns,  a  pc^iilou|5conym«rcial  colony*  ,^^^-    \j 

..  The  Aborigi/tes  (^  the*  couiUry^  wboarc^  eaU«WSW^». 


\.  i-^^t^.tirs  V  ■  ■— -Sj  **'**•  *Xriik' 


have  Heen  eaftly  reduced   to  the  con£ti|toik.  of  obedient 
fii^^e^&itfv  'irhe;  are  a  qut«t»!^iao|^^a«e-  peopieij^ii^ 


nifhe  pQtch  in  ^aarrefpe^ panicularly  ifi  tl^  mas- 

afe^nl  of  flocks  and,  h«rds  of  cattle.     Thejr  have  beeii 

^jr  much  niifre(>rcrent«(l  {  an^it  is  fi|rpHaing^  Ijiat  the 

fipuetiod^iy  which  have  *  ^etn  pirofiagat«(|%  concerning 

thenit  Ihottid  (oiotig  have  p;aiped .  ereciii  in  the  world. 

I|  i^  nottriit^  that  th«7  are  in  the  'pradlceT<)f  eating  raw 

i!»Oii  or  that  thitf  entwine  thei^  bodies  Wtcftthe  entrails 

oflcsitti*.     Ilit^ptcparie:the|p|b<id  Wiih5ft4  jtiid  their 

clolhhig  confidi  olf  a  dteflisd  hide.  wh|c|i  is  tied  like  a 

corhr  rotlnd^e  n^clc/ ltailg«  dowi  ot^r  die  ftooldera 

near  to  the  groimd,  and  is '  broad>  and  may  be  wr;ipt , 

round  the  fdrejpailt  of  the  body  t  befi^es.Uii»,  they  wear 

anbtl^er  cov«rin||of(kin  round^heir  loins,  whi<^i%achcs 

half  way  doimtlie  thighs.     Somettnae*  they.hai^  a 

cap  for  the  head  and^oes  foi*  the  feet  oCthe  OuQeiiii^p 

terialp^    Thei^  ihoes  are  formed  of   a  piece  of  hide, 

drt^^;;i;]0ibl]f  about  the  feeU  with  ^ongs  Of  diejfafitie. . 

The  jSiottentots  having  few  ccMBveniencies  f^hit^ingf 

and  lining  in  adimiatt  if  here  they  are  verf  ^qnen^* 

involved  iifel6dds>f  duft,  haile  a«^^^kbi^  o£  dirti- 

nefs ;  but  their   (kins  w|iien  wafiied,  are  cleat  thipugh 

^  'T1i«'einplpyna^t  (if  the  fimHitit^ts  is^  pnrelv  pafto* 
ral  J  their  pf^ncipi^  anid^niKyi^  Jwily  octupation  beings 
the  eareof  their  iWi'ds  of '^teep^  and  kinei  ~  - 

i)k  fea  &Sket  Mtdyr'ViQted  aU  the  chi«^  of  the  New 
groes  in  the  EngliOi  fettlemfiUtSjfroni  Santa  A|»(Uloniat 
to  Athera,  v/hkh  is  npwsirds-csf  /foiAiilesi  ahd^pnd 
the  police  and  |mniihmeht  of  aU  crimei^rfiH>porWd^  by 
the  flave  ^rade.  rhdte  wha  c^nidnt'crimies  or  trifpaile* 
againll  their  laws,  are,  at  the  decifion  t)f  twdlve  elder^^ 
fmdffor  ^ves  forihe  nfij  ^  their  governm^ntr  and  the 
foppm-t  ofthetliebiefs.  Thdt,  s^:dtftry-v  aibd  murder, 
a^  the  highe A  erimei  and  wherievtr  tb^y  are  d^e^fidl 
fubjeii'  the  Whble  faittity  to  fla^ery;  But  aity^  Indiw 
vidnal,  condemned  to^  fla very  for>  the  ctime  of  his^ffei 
lation, may ^redeeifi  *  ht^«#n  perf^n,  by  fotniiKing  (wa 
(laves  in  his  rooni  Or  whtn  a  man  c^MnThtts^MM.  of  the: 
abov«  cardinal' erimesv  ail  ^  male  ]^r  of  his  family* 
are  ibrfeited  to  ^v«ry  i  if  »womani  the  female  part  i* 
fotd^  ^  '*  Whik  oil '  he  coaft,  fays  hri  I  faw  inftatices ,  <rf 
thi9 ^i^  &ttly ^rtieV  as atad^jq^y  very  ko^im ble^ 


ATRlOkWt9iLhVm. 


4«f 


TMs  traS^k  tn  crHnc*,  malcef  dif  chi^  ▼jgiHmt.  Nof 
do  our  plabters^  who  pitrc^afe^  ttiem  iife  any  punw  ti>  \^t 
firoA  tbem  ii|i«|if|ion, to i«akt tl|(tq«mi^Mli% t^ 
Ifeflipn  thut  erercifcd  oil  them.  ^  ain  %ry  to  iky  tliey , 
artr  rninawraliy  aver  fe  to  ef^rytlitilg^aVtends  tojta 
yit  the  Portuguefe,  Fi^peh  ami  $pafif«rdiy  ia  iliscir  fett 
tlem^nts,  fUccefed  hi  theii?  attempt  th  inMA  th^nii  H 
much  to  the^d^antai^  of  cfimm^j-ce  aif  religi^,  r  It 
if  for  the,  f:ike  of  ChriftMtj,  and  the  ndY^pugef  ai^i 
tfiffipapf i^g  it,  thatlKiiglifli  Care*  eiqWiiee  'eywy  occ4-» 
fion  of  defertftig  to  the  (ettleme^t  of  thefe  n^jttoijs.. 

|t Js  Inght  ttme^or  the Jefi^I^tu^ ^o  enfbre  aA4  pot 

ao^li^,_^t1|is  nn^ii  i!i(f^oo$of  all  trades,  {q0gp%(iih 

m  to  the  chfiftiaTi  t^mt,  and  Co  rep|ignar4to  tbe'pHfn 

^ipjw  ^;a,frec;goV(fnmient.  ^  , 

^^.^   '  ■    ,^.^;--    .  t''  ■■      '  '■  V:'    ^^  •'  "  "•'     '•    .    ,    ' 

T  the  month  br  the  Red  Sea  is  the^  ifiand  that  faill- 
.  9rs  1)^  eslliS^otkms  or  )Soeatr»,  famous  &tkg 
aif^^SfWhrnhvp  t^fmfi§  the  heil  in  the  world.    - 

Sailing  do wni  i^N^^lf^P  mee  ipmii  ta  ^e  ifland  ^ 
Mi^aga&ar,  or  Lawrence^  abounding  in  cattle  and  co^n ' 
a^  mod,  of  the  neetflarie s  of  life,  but  no  fufficient 
merchaicfe^e  t<i  imd^e  tli^  ^luj^opeiii^f  to  l^kf;s4oo|es  i 

it  ha^i.feveral^etty  favag«  Hngs  ^  Its  own,  both  Af-abi 
and  negroes,  w]^,  n^kecWIir  lOn .  yach,  other,  fcU-  their 
prifoneri^  for  flavesi  to  ibe  Shipping,  which,  call  here 
t^^j^g  cloths,  ntenfih,  and  other  neceflaries  in  re^jrni 
,  Nenr  tt,;fire  the  fotir  Com^rra  iflesvWhOfe  petty  II"'  g« 
are  tributiiM*y  to  the  Bortwguefe  i  and  near  thefe  lies  tte^ 
ii!i\nd  of  Bourbon  ;  ^nd  a  litde ;  higher^  Maurice,  % 
called  by  the  Dutcb*  wiio  firft;  toucbeiiiherc  in  1598* 
Itis-nowin  poiTeiion  ofthe  Frenth.  and  by  them  caijed 
|he  Ifle  of  France,  lat.  a  •  <*  S.  long.  460  £.  <' 
^  Quitti;»g  theeaft^rn  world,  and  the lijdies,  and  paflk 
ing  round  the  dape  of  Good  .Hope,  into  the  wide  At-» 
lantcck  Ocean,  the  firft  iil^ind  is  the  fsoall,  but  plea^t 
one  called  $t.  Helena,  at  which  place,  all  the,  £n^liQt 


4o6 


NEV^DISCOVEltlES* 


«ii|;Aiiiertcaa  EfflUikdW  Aip«  ftopi  to  get  irxter  aiid 
6r«fli  p^¥lflotigr In  fh^wat  honie.  Ncwr  tklsi  ni^  the 
^Hicalikiidi,  et  Mattlifewl  ^.r^^^ 
Ikot  far  from  tht  cosfl  wvkt  the  equtnoaiaf  Hli^,  6e. 
'?»«%» fh*  ^'flftugui^fe  thke  were'fo  nbfile^  by 
m  ^Mfe<i  whomtft  ifoirtid  them  mi1^  lediVds  ^  8t; 
Ij^to,  St.  Tl  i|ni«.  aita  St.  Matthew. 

STiencf  00  thwardi  a*«  the  C4p«  VAN*  Iflandt,  fo 
eltned  for  thetr  verdure.  TTbey  qqw  heloog  to  the  Fori 
t%iefe,  Whoj^elbriitilhed  lifom  thtnce  #ith  fall  »<! 
|fOj|tt'Jkiile*'  ■^"*  ■  ■'.'(' 

2  i^lhii^iibrtlii,  atkihf  pfo^Kt  Cintti^,lMlohgHit^ 
theil^i^ward*.  fi«rt  whertee  outoe  C^«uiir«^, 

alia  die  bea^tttiAil  fililKtiig  hJfdi,  ctA\t^  Caiwt#1llt#. 
The  ancients!  <3ll^d  t.  m  the  FdrHUefate  Idei^  and  olaeid 
there  thf  ElyOan^^ldnV  They  are  ten  or  twHte  in 
namber  j  the-  ^Nf  ire  ^l^eoeriii^;  6aitoei%i  f  Fdroi  and 
^  Great  Canary.  The  fectlle  ifkmdi  of  Madeira  tk  A:iQ 
ftwihef  nort^  an^  i^H  ^<wi,  forfl)e^ii|ft  ildpiaehick 
wme#    They  l^iloti^^oth^r  " 


22: 


S33: 


Bttar 


NEW  DISaSVEitlESi 


CONtlNENT  OF  NEiiV  HOlXANtk 


-A 


Milet. 


tlTUATIOM  AN»  tI1iBNT> 


and  i|$''£..long4 
aiia-43^  S.  la* 


breadth  *3<jo  J  '*"^'"  1       1 1« 

I{' rlies footh-eaft  of  the  ifland  of  Javaland fouth  of 
New  Guinea,  m  the  Great  South  Sea.  For  inore  than 
a  century  after  it»  6rll  dlfcovery  by  the  Dutt;:h  in  \6169 
it  w<is  thought  to  be  part  of  a  v^ft  fQi;aJxem  c^tineht» 
theextftenee  of  whieb.hat  been  a  fayourite  idea  with 
.  njany  experienced  naFlg:itors.t  The  trreat  exier.t  of 
New  Ht>fUntl  gives  it  an  un^Ueftioaabie  /ciim  to  th* 
iiuac Vn'voiiuaei^  ,  .;;::.■:■-     :;  ■.'..^ ' '     "^  ":D; 


OTWDISCOVERIEa 


4C7 


The  vhoU  •ftftem  coaft  of  this  contincntt  except  ihe 
Vfry  liHi^lfrik  poinif  ufat  difcovics^  md  exf^ored  hy 
C»p^  CpQk, in  ii70,«fi4b«am«<i Niw Si^wfi*  W4Lii.J 
It  if  dfufotd  hr  fo|l«id»  onthe  old  {iruictplc^ei  mjor 

diifcoyerjr.  ^^  *. . 

T^M|^gn»tmi«jr  of  Jlir4|  «nd  animals  found*, 
here,  feffria  of  i^icb  before  tht  difoovery  of  thU  place, 
wereuoli-defcriptt.  ^  . 

Thr  nttihrH  i|0  tdw^jt  uncovered,  «IehQn||h  ft  is  ob* 
fefved  they  fu%r  fbmttimet  from  the  «old  i  hofc  on 
thihofdfr*  oT  the  #i-*Mttift  ftit^a  pwncfpally  on  fiOi. 
On  that  part  of  the  eOatt  wb>ch  the  Engli(h  have  in- 
v*ded  theHatifCf  Jttiihe  rftire^  aiM,  fr^in  aecounts,  art 
much  d|fttt(fed  fof  ptOfiripn.  a  kiWd  of  twine  ii 
mtou&i^i^d  lunoi;^  theni,  wbichv  wJth  t^dr  fifhmip 
mts,  it  t^  iiitttlf  m»<k  ftom  the  flax  jil^nj  Vhn 
p1»nt  pr^if^i  to  b^  very  Viiluable  «or  the.pdrpofe  of 
hmhinK/Ooirilagei,  lUMTthc  fin«ft  manufaanrel 
'  Ic  May,  1717,  rthe  BritiOi  govetltment  fitted  out  a 
f<|uadron  of  eJeven  ir«i6i«,  ^i«h  %o  conrifts,  under  the 
«?Oinniand  of  ArUuur  PhiUtjlft; l^q.  m  order  to  form  afet- 
t)«ment  on  thi»  eontinent:  The  fituaiion  determmed 
Uponhat  been  natoed  P*>rt  Jaclfon  j  fouth  lat  tz''  zL 
eaft  long,  from  Gre<fnwic4i,  1 59O  1 9 '  jb*  This  plac« 
iBihont  9  miles  from  botany  Iky,  ^d  ha«  a  harfjowr 
capable  of  cbntainii^iodp  fail  of  tht  line  in  perfedl  fe- 
curity,  A  plan  of  a  towhliis  Seen  regularly  laid  out ; 
and  froRi.tbe  lateii  ,«ecoi^nts,  tb^  pro^a  wat  flatter- 
ing to  the  ne^  fettlers.  vf"  , 
^  Ontlie  fiifi  arrival  of  the  EMliOl,  the  natives  were 
found  attiicabls,  hofpitablc,  mriaccuftoihed^  aa  wi^h 
ireaphefy,  or  t<>^  take -the  leaft  advantage  j  apd  every 
precaution  wa-jta^ken  to  prer^ntthfs  harmopy  from  be- 
ing iiiwerrqptcd  i  butirom  fome  difagrceincnt  with  in- 
diyi|ltta|4,  or  isOiatw  mQf^  prob#e,  a  dfiUike  of  the  en- 
cr^?h»^^flti  on  their  territories,  ihejf  app^r  to  avoid 
c*^  iijtcrc0uiie^  __. 

Thelnbabitants  are  not  very  numerous,  and  are  of  a 
chocorate 'eolour,  niiddle  ftatiirc,  and  v^ty  aaive  and 
conrageous;     Tfieir  Ibod  i[s  chreaj"  fifli,  birds  of  various 


uic  ii^guroo,  ai| 


-.  .         ,      S  ^.  -31"    4  .    P  v^--' 


^ 


MiW  DliGlDV^IlIES. 


infaiial  rdtmbling  Om  Oj^fltinii  und  ptcutlar  to  t))li 
cvntintnt.    TMr  it^ntj^mu  vn  ffiaittii^  i«»cti  rtf  dif- ' 
ftrm  ltindi»  i^i^  ihiy  th^ow  wm  g#f«yteAerJty* 

IliUi  hiUto^t  giVtn  %  C>p^.  Co^ifi  lo.»  olufttr  ol 
iikwi/^  fimal^C  t»etMree9  the .  I4t9i|uctef^)£  1 4*  Vr«n<i  * 

longttu4«<  . 

Not  far  irrpm'th«  New  HebsrWePi  and YwihwrHlwai'd ,. 
of  Aherti,  Hi*  Nsw.Cii,i.io^^iA,  a  vei^  Itrge  iilSnd,  firil 
dilcQvered  by  Capt  <;^,  ,a>  1774.  U  W5,ib9Mt  87 
league!  liin^.  b^tlt*  Bt^^fljJi  not  ionfidcraWe.  not 
aj^v  %here  yxceedi  t<tii  leaj^nel^  U  is  infiabitaji>y  a 
rA|e  of  floin;  tall,  well  proputuoi^iid  )n4»afis,  of , »  fw^r- 
tht  w  dark  <;htfilui  broVn.  A  few  l«attuci  diftaftt  are 
tWo  iVnall  mand*^  caUedfthVlOaiid  6fTinM,  apd  Jot- 
«^ylfland|^  : 

It  a  loQgi  Qpti^i  iflaiMli.  «ac«n(iing  ncwtli^il  froiki 
t*to.  taf  (omhiatM  andfrcMO  i^|K  to  i|o^.e«ttrloiig. 
but  in  one  pan  )t  duc»  i\ot  ijipcHr  tobevboiRe  jaiiules 
broad.  The  country  con^ih  of  .1  tiiiitUrc  of  very  hi>»h 
hilli  and  yjdiii^i,  interljp^rfed  t^th' proves  of  cocoa  imt 
tmi  planiainitbwiitd  fruity a^d«i>A of  tlw:  tt ee«,,  (htubs 
«nd  pianC$,  timare  found  in  the  otH«  r  South  Sea  iflauds* 
It  ailqrd?  Irp^fhft  <ea.a  yatifty  of^ii^shtf*^  gn?%ea». 

Extends  in  length*  from  thi^  northea'ft  to  tK^foi^^ 
raft  abont  170  nme^but  Itis'tn  gehitral  veVy^  nsirrorw 
It  aboundsrwith  a  vafiety  of  trees  and  pfam!>,an^^ith 

many  pigeonSf  parfcts,robks^  actd  other  bird?*      '  * 

Narthweftward  i>f  New-lcdi^,  a  cluitev  bf  idandt 
Vere  f«en  by  C*pt.  Ca*ter^^i|if  .|CTy'1ilmr^^^^ 
and  liippoff  d  to  ^p!^\^  of  iti  dr  36  it»  ijTObii'v*  "(^  icff 
tbcfe,  which  is  of  a  ednfider^ble  ^xt«ti£i  wal  <  naine^ 
New-Hanov Ba  s  Vtst  the  : reH  t$  tfie  dluftcr  Ifefe^^ed 
the  name  of  the  Abisiaai.'i't  XiirA«09i 


hk 


.«-'.^^ 


GENERAL  REMARKS. 


r  ^jr^^^U  «»««««rated  by  IJimsBus  and  Buffon, 
arc  nx.  The  h>lt  it  found  under  the  polar  regioni,  and 
comprehend!  the  Laplanders  th«  Efquiroauji  liulians, 
the  bamoeid  Tartars,  the  inhabitanu  of  NoVa  Zcinbia, 
the  Borandiani,  the  Greenlanders,  and  the  people  of 
Kamifchatka.  The  vifajre  of  men  in  thefe  countries  is 
large  and  broad  ;  the  no(?  flat  and  (hort ;  the  eyes  of  a 
yellowifli  brown,  inclining  to  black ncfs  j  the  cheek 
bones  extremeiy  high  ,  the  mouth  hirge  ;  the  lips  thick 
and  turning  oumards  ;  the  voice  thin  and  fqucakinjr  e 
and  the  Ikin  a  dark  grey  colour,  i  he  people  are  (hm 
10  ftaturcj^thc  generality  being  about  four  feet  high,  an  J 

™!i  r"  ^/i'*.*^  °'°''*  ^  ^"^^  Ignorance,  ft Jpidity, 
and  fuperftition  are  the  mental  charaftcriftick*  of  tile 
toiiabitants  of  thefe  rigorous  climatei .     For  here 

D«|tetBegrof.r««     Nor  fprightly  jeft,  nor  fong, 
Nor  tcnd^emtft  they  kiiow.  nor  sught  of  life 
Scvond  Che  kindred  bean  th4C  ftaflt  withcui. 

the  Tartar  race,  comprehending  the  Chinefcanddic 
Japanefe,  form  the  fecond  variety  in  the  human  fpecies. 
Ibeif  countenances  arc  broad  and  wrinkled,  even  in 
youth  ;  their  nofes  fhort  and  flat ,  their  eyes  little,  funk 
m  the  iockets,  and  fcveral  inches  afunder,  their  cheek 
Ws  are  high ,  their  teeth  of  a  Urge  fize  and  feparatc 
h^ThL^V  "^  »  t^^ifcwnplexionsare  olive,  and  their 
wJ^  J^ri.?^r^u*'''^''"«*"*''*^»  excepting  the  Jap- 
of  morality,  and  no  decency  of  behaviour.  They  «w 
chiefly  robbers  ,  their  wealth,4*.ifi(U  hi  hor^,  and  their 
flcillm  the  manai^emcnt  pf  them.  v= » *  a  weir 

A/!USu?^!l7."'"tl^?f  "»««J^'l!d  «  *at  of  the  foutbem 

flendcr  (hape,  have  long  ftra^ht  black  hair,  and  ^enciv. 
ally  Roman  nofes.  ThefeinSple  arc  flothfuj,  luxC 
fttbmiflivc,  cowardly  and  effeminate.  *«»wiouf. 


4to  GENERAL  REMARKS. 

Thepar'int  SanhimfcJf-      ^ 
Seems  o*cr  this  vorld  of*  flaves  to  tyrannize  i  »* 

And,  with opurcflivc  ray,  the  roieate  bloo:ii 

^     Of  betwty  bltttting,  gives  the  gloomy  hue. 
And  fcHtttres  grois :  or  vvorie*  to  rutnlefs  deeds, 

'    Mad  jealoufy,  blind  rage,  and  fcU  revenge, 
Their  fervid  fpirit  fires.    Love  dwcIU  not  there, 
The  foft  regards,  the  tenderriei^s  of  lift,  1^ .. 

.    The  heart-ihed  tear,  th*  ioefFabledelight  *  "'  * 
Of  l\veet  humanity  !  thcie  court  the  henm 
f     Of  milder  climes  J  in  feifiih,  fierce  dcfire, 
And  thewil'ifurYof  vduntuouS  fenfe,       '-■ 
They're  loft.    The  ver^  brute  crcauon  there 
This  rnge  panake8,;and  burns  v/itH  horrid  tire. 

The  Negroes  of  Africa  conflitute  the  fourtli  flriking 
variety  iu  the  huinan  fpecies  i  but  they  diflFer  widely 
froih  each  odier  •;  thofe  of  Guinea  for  inftance,  are  ex- 
tremely  ugly,  and  have  ao  iufupponably  offenfive  fccnt; 
while  thole  of  Mofambique  are  reckoned  b«au^I>  and' 
are  untainted  with^iny  difagrecablc  fmell.  The  wejfroes 
are,  in  general,  of  a  black  colour ;  the4o«h(iy  fottnefs  of 
hair,  which  grows  upon  the  fkin,  giv«»  a  fmoothnefs  to 
it,  lefembling  that  of  velvet.  The  hair  of  their  heads 
is  woolly,  Ihort  and  black  j  but  tlieir  beards^often  turn 
grey,  and  fometimes  white.  Their  nofes  are  flat  and 
fliortf  their  lips  thick  and  tumid,  and  their  teeth  pf  an 
ivory  whitenefs. 

The  intelle^al  and  mord  peters  of  thefe  wretched 
people  are  iifwultivated  ;  and  they  are  fubjea  to  the 
xnoft  barbarous  defpotifm.    The  favage  tyrants,  who 
rule  over  them,  make  war  upon  each  other  for  huffian 
plunder  ;  and  tlie  wretched  viftims,  bartered  fdr  fparit- 
uous  li<i«Grs,  are  torn  from  their  families,  their  friei|ids* 
und  their  native  land,  and  configned  for  life  to  miferj* 
toil  and  bondage..    But  h«ow  am  I  ftocked  to  inform 
you,  that  this  infernal  commerce  is  carried  <m  by  the 
humane,  the  poli(hed,the  Chrifti^  inhabitants  of  Eu- 
rope J  nay  even  by  Engliflmicii,  whofe  anccftors  have 
bled  in  the  caufe  of  lihcrty.  and  l?i*«fe  breafts  ftill  glow 
with  the  iame  generous  flame*!   I  cahnot  give  you^  a 
.  more  ftriking  proof  of  the  ideas  c^  horrpur,    whicu  tne 
captive  negroes  cnteitain  of  the  ftate  of  fervitude  they 
arc  to  undergo,  than  by  relating  the  following  iacident 
from  Dn  GSdfinitl^,  ^v/* 


GENERAL  REMARKS. 


4«> 


"  ^  Guinea  Otptatn  was,  bjr  dKlrefe  of  weather,  driv- 
en into  a  certain  harbour,  with  a  lading  of  %:kty  flavcs, 
%vho  took  every  opportflwity  txr  thrdw'  themfcles  over- 
boj(riiy  when  bfonght  upon  deck  for  the  benefit  of  freflv 
air.  The  captain  perceiving,  knibhg  othfewj  a  female 
fljive  attempting  to  drown  herfelf,  pitched  upon  her  as 
a  prope^atample  for  the  reft.  As  he  iuppofed  that  they 
did  not  know  tlie  t«lrrouf*  attending  death,  he  ordered 
the  woman  to  be  tied  with  a  rope  utider  the  arm  pits 
and* let  down  into  the  water.  Whsn  the  poor  creature 
was  tiu^  jjiunged  m«  and  about  half  way  dowa>-ihe  warf 
heardtogivc  a  terrible  ihriek,' which  at  firft  was  afcribec! 
to  her  feari  of  frowning  }  hut  ibon  after,  the  water  Ap- 
pearing red  aroutidherrfiit  .^aidiawn  up,  and  it  was^ 
foimdihata  ikavk,  which  liad  followed  the  ihip,  had 
bitten  her  off  from  the  middle." 

TJie  native  inhabitants  of  Arnica  make  a  fifth  racff 
of  meh»  They  are  of  a  copper  colour,  have  black 
thicL  ^aigtt  h|ir, i^t ' nhfes,  Jiigh  rheek  bonw,  ah.r 
fmall  «yei.  The/  ^i»t  tlie  bod/  and  fa^e  of  variou  j 
coloiir»>  fnd  eradicate  thi  Iiair  of th^ir  beards,  and  other 
parts,  as  a  dfe^rmify.  Their  limbs  are  not  fo  large  ani* 
robu(^  as  tRofc  of  the  Eurcfpcv«it.  They  endure  hunger, 
thirft  ami  pWn  with  allomihing  firnw^f*  and  patience  ;' 
ai>dK#OUgh  cruel  to^eir  wvemies,  thfey  arc  kind  and 
juA  lb  each  odier» 

'  'I'heJEuropeans  may  be  conft Jered  as  the  la!l>  variety 
of  the  human  |iad.  They  ei^jt^y  finguiar  advantages 
from  the^alnwfi  of  their  complexbus.  The  face  of 
the  /Vfiicwv  blade,  or  of  the  olive  coloured  Afiatick,  is- 
a  "very  imperfe«a  indeiof  the  mind,  and  preferves  the 
|Umrc  fettled  Ihade  in  joy  and  foxro^lr,  confidence  and 
fliame,  auger  and  defpair,  ficknefs  and  health.  The 
Englilharefaidtobe  of  the  faireft  of  the  Europeans; 
and  we  may  tiieirefore  prefumc,  thit  their  countenance's 
be()t  expreft  the  vairiaiions  of  the  paflions,  and  vkifll. 
tuilcf  of  difeafe.  ^ut  the  intellcdi^al  and  moral  char- 
aaerifttcks  of  the  difFercut  n.itloits,  which  compofe  tk\a 
quarter  of  the  globe,   are  of  more   importance  to  be 


icis  ati<^ 


cerntble,  AS  fufliion,  le^urnlng  and   poidunerce  prevail 
more  uiuA^rfal'y.'* 


#w 


KiJ>ERA3L  M0WE;T. 


FEDERAL  MONEY. 

THE  ConinP,  of  the  United  States  of  Amertcji,  AuguA  $, 
1786,'*  JS-fitvttf,  That  the  (laf^dard  of  tHc  Uniteil  Slates  ol 
America,  for  gold  and  fitvcr.  (ball  he  eleven  <part!i  fine  and  one 
Ifart  alloy— That  tUc  MiMuylfiiH  of  the  United  Statei,  Cheing  hy 
the  I^cfoke  otCbngrcA  of  July  6,  17 gj^  a  SSoltar)  RMl  contain 
iit  fine  filver  ^yeJiA,  trains,"  A«. 


Hate..  '•;• 
jrtsMiltn 
xe  Cents 
V^  Dimes 
x«  Dollars. 


:''    •■'■'"  /   n(s;ilrfced'' 
S  r^Cent  m.c. 
^  lOime.     d 
•M  1  Dollar.  D 


tOOBil     lp3B     i 


Ai  thik  money  proceeds  in  r  decuple,  or  tenfold  pittpohidn  s 
any  liuniifjtr  of  dollars,  dimeltCtAte;  nnd    itti|}e*|  ftmtiiti  txprcU' 
iB- many  dollars,  and  dtcimaKpiMf'of  »  ddlht:  '  '"■'■    ^ 

Tlius*  3  d«ltars»  4^  dimei,  4  9*»th  •H^  5  «»iUik»  art  <ipr^d 
D.  d.c.m.  •       ;  -.■-      ■      ■  ■   ■■    -^    , 

J,  4  6  ^  =i=  3TTnfc  I>oilaft«3465[  liiii^t;      f  v 

As  the  dollar'  is  thic  integer  unit,  or  whole  ttmnber, and  tUi'E^ 
gte  ^e  name  of  a  gold  eom ;  aiid  the  di"*',  ceilt'  and  miHe  are 
xoth,  lOQth,  and  toboth  parts  of  a  doHIA',  tHe  dcHma^  fittisft  (.> 
f«|»arates  ibfc^CelitlM  dollan  and  dirndl.   /  !> 

,  Therefore  in  fccdunn,  th*  ttmis  lUgltf  ^  and  ^nHt  may  be  o^  - 
.m<tted}^<lh«  place -of  dtmas  heinii  the  place  of  Cetis  for  cents;, 
and  the  riglu  |iand  figure,  or.  place  pi  ^m^  fe«  ea^o,,  mill  b«' 
(hc-i^lace  of  tens  for  dollavs.«»  ,.v  "      * 

.,/-"4c.     c.'     ■    ■«.Ud.c»    i>.  t.        ■.:.:;&,;*■  cVf^rj#'  • 

Thus,  ,69^,6^;  and 94  9»7^^M9.T^  ';W    ' 

*The  Teverai  Currencies  6f  the  United  StaMs,  cotnpaitd  tfvtdk 

dollars  and  ccnvs^  are  as  foUow  t     ; 

>        ,    .  ,  _  ■■%_.. 

D-.  s.       c.      I>.  s.    c.     D;   sd     e.     D.  <!•     c.        D.     d.    c. 

Kc?:6>««ioa    i«3«J0    f^i6^jj    I**?— "i  x^"**.**^* 

...'-,,'.      ^*  .    ,  •  ■         ' '   •  ■ 

D.   «.    c.      D  -  s.    c       D.  8.     c.      p  s.    c. 


Dksd.     c.    D    *«d      Ci  D.  sd    ''  c.    I>    dt-    -C.    D» 


\ 


d.  c. 


*^.. 


*.»»•     C»     s-^*  •  »•• 


].!cM»^«*ioa  4ai«a--|«»io  4«»i 


iJ-    -yxi.^ 


a^^ 


iNTEREsfiNG  C A Lctft ACTIONS. 


Augttd  $, 

I  Stales  ol 

le  and  one 

(being  by 

ill  coniato 

>.      E. 


•©•■I     • 
>!y  txptreti' 

-'     •  '  /•'''    f!, 

r    ■  .'' 
iidiUeEt* 
'  AriHe  are 
I  p6im  (> 

nay  be  »• 
for  cenUf. 
»„.  will  be- 


.     d.     c. 


X    4.  c. 

v.  "■!■' 


mf$REsnm  calculations' 

Vi>pii.THK  P0J?1H*ATI0N   OF   THE   UNITED^ 

Sl*ATiJ^.ANi>  OF  THE  WORLD.    • 

A  DMIWltfCJthfpopulationof  dl«  United  States  at  pref- 
ci    ^"*('^^*).*P  i»jSveffu/l/ansy  which  is  very  near  the  ex- 
su5t  number-^afid  that^tbis  niUTiber,  ^  natural  increafeand  bvf 
immmration,.wm  be  49uWed  in  ao  years^  and  continue  to  in-/ 
create  in  that  ratio  for  a  century  to  co^ie,  at  that  pcridd,  ( 1904) 
ehere  wUl  bein  linit^dAracri^^^  160  millions  of  inhabitants,, 
nearly  40  nulhons  liiprethan  tijereare  at  prcfentin  all  Europe, 
^ind  when  \wcbnfid«r  the  probable  aequifitioft  of  people  br 
foj  eignj  w?n^^ratiQiw,,aad  tli^tthe  intg^^^^ 
a^rtienca,ire  amply  fafhcient  to- provide- for  this  number,.- 
tHi  preIumpt*on  is  fti  ong  that  this  eftinnue  will  liot  differ  nia- 
temiil-frop^vi^ieeventr.    '  ,  Tk 

Ulias^en^ri^joi^tiP'Coji^^  of  inhabitants; 

€K)  this  globejn  rouiKt  numbersj  at  950 millions :  viz.  '  '♦ 
^  America  mrailtionsjf^urope  fjo  millions— Afia  roo  rail- 
JlcpsrandAtrroa  150 millions*  Kenceiihas  been^e^koB^d, 
•hat  asx  generation  lafts  36  years,'  in  tk«  ipace .  95b  n^UIioS* ' 
of'pexwje  mo4b«  bon  ,  and  the  fame  nu;iiber  diQ  and,  con- 
feq\lierftly,.fhat^ut  3I  milUbn* die  annually  j.  ?(f.  tlioufand 
every  day  ;.  3,600  every  »our  ;  4o  every  jninttte,iind  one  eve- 
ry lecoryj,  or  in  this  proportionv  t  , 

This  ^ftimate  hmch  too  largk:.  OtK  nearerljie  truth  .was 
made-a- few  years  fince  by  a  gentleman  in  England,- Mr.  WiU 
fian^Carey,,  u>  whch  he  reckons  the  inhabitaots  of  tlie.  worldi 
at  agout  73.nmili(>ns  J  of  whom  are 


Pagans^"  ^   t  ' 
Itf^ome^i)^ 
Roman  Catfaoiiclcf: 


,,-   3..V 


■>>■';*-':, 


440    R'oteftants  4^ 

ijo    Greek& Arn\<Uiiaa church  30 
i«o   jQvts  '  '^':'\  '.;     ■.  , .  J 

Jt'hirlllWktevI  apprehendv^confidtiraW^^  escceeds  the  teuth. 

Hereey^msupwarcfefof  90  millions  in  America.    This  is  too. 

largeft^^rhbf'^than  one  half.    Dr.  S'tile?,  than  %v!i6iri  no  niaik 

was  bettir  iHformecf  op  this  fubjeca-,  fc<ife?med  that  tire  whole 

'  ?j5??*  <** 'P^'*^»jn  »'!.  North  America,  did  n6t  ejceedhuo 

''»iit»JUamiM^^f.^  true,^/f^/»,.  or  i^l  ^ 

ding  the  iflands,  (iu*f«/)r  oiiflions^wcwild  Be  ffiia  extent  '6F  ' 

V^pumion  of  all  America, 


..a  51 


:ii\    vfi 


^    - 


If  I  » 


;\-  ♦• 


.!    4 


•| 


■Itk  nwpRoxmS  -^ 
CHRONpJUOQICAE  TABLE 


OF 


MemarJiabie  Ei^iiis^  Difccverhs  and  ImmHons  ; 

The  AnaWnV or  Outlines,  «^  G^NER AJmiSTOky, 
froAi  th«  Creatioa  to  thee  ]^lfei^t.tHii«* 


JtofofeChrlt. 

4004  T^Icreatioftfif  thf  worttiy  aa4^r-Actam  and  Eve. 
;|ot7    X' '  Efwcltk  trauflatdl  into  htavcff'  <  [dap. 

*34]|  Tht  old  tvorld  deftroy«U  fiiy  a  dthige,  Witich  continiKd  377 
3»(!7  The  tower  of  Bahcl  h  b^itt  ab«i««  rhit  time  toy  N)t»K'»  po^ 
'  (criry:  upou  whicjbi  Q^mI^  |^^  ^oHfoundx  th^ir 

lang«fage',  alad' tiiW  di|)piarl^>  ihttiii jiito  dtlRrrent  nntions. 
4ft8fl>  Mittaim,  liii  Ibc  of  Him,  finind^  tbv  kitoilb>m  of  figypi, 

which  laflM ^663  yciira,  to  tlW!tXon(||ktefto#C^nAby^^^^ 
3fJ9  >^f«ua.the  fonpf  Beluii,  fpundslbc  kiii|ii6Mt  9f  Anuria, 
..;  'wMcHI|K|^^MKMiiitOCO)»c'ars^' \v    ■    ^■^-   rx-^   ■      ■ 
19a g  Th«  «w^ciia^t  ^f  Gdd  i^ade  'jviehAli#»haii^h^(a  hekavet 

*"■  '■■  ^pxtmxig     "-'^^  ■'<':  ■'     '■  ■'   ^  .  ■'^-     ■ 

*^^'--  -^  -Iflm^tri  Ginai«!ii!Hl|i  «N  ^ftvovt#  for  tkiiv 

iv0t}«h,  iiiVantt  lettsrib      * 
mwV  (ire  ftonf  $W 


i.^.^. 


pried '«f  thiflAraelilcs. 
r|f  I  IMf >i^,  hrdcher  tr>  Aaraik,  tmrnii^l^pt^  aid  a^i»ptc(}i>y 

Pl^^noH's  dau](hrer  ,  .  • 

'iSS'^  Cccrop|i"briwj«  a  cohHiy  of  .Salte*  from;£|yyt  iiKto  Attic» 

*  am"!  hei^inrthie  kiofdom^l^vAlhletta  iivjwteee^ 
1503-Detugc  of  IJeocalion  ii»  Thtflatjr.  * 

w^Si  Oadmufr  catri^d  the  PKct>iciaf|iktters  ioto' fSI't^tcc,  aod 

birilu  ttie  citadel  of  Thehea 
.il#f#  M6£ia»pt|if<N>m«>a  nvfififber  of  miraclci!  in^||f(i^  aAAdcpartf 

from  that  Mngdoffi,  tQ^the»  «rith  (kxp^eoo'  ltraeiftc|,  he- 

ftdcs  chtidreu,  vthich  completed  the  4^zfnt%  of  f«« 
■;-  i-niming.  ,--:'  .  «     ^  ■  V"      ,, -^'i^, 

a^TKe  (tffi;  ^ip  that  apfMMircd  in  GF«»ce,  htwfl0mf94nn  E» 

9JP^  ^t^f4v»f  v'hp  aI^%4  »»  il^h^si  ifMi  hrowght 

wi$t»  .liitt  hit  fifiy  d«ii|thterN  '      *-.    ,   . 

*4|a  'Ilii^f  *^>^msHc|  f  «#^  cekbratjef  At  Qfy«ipiat»lG^«M«t 
IJ|^rTl»<P>*WAitoch^jc»rfiTcboQl;»«f  Mo)b»y9re«fitt<-n'ia  tb«r 

lanA  nt  .Mfi>ai^  ihtlMi  he  diaid  aha  Vaag  IkJIowing^  artMJ 

■  ilovcari.'  ■      -^^      -f -■, 

lljrt  rrtft  ir/aei^«t.  i^ct  (bVaurniiie  ii^  the  «Mhie>^M6e'^40  >(9rn 
•'are  led  Hy  J^da  iiitb  fheTatr<f  d( ICMltati,  jvhere  they 
fix  themfclTes,  aflct  having  fabdited  the  j^atitre;),  ssd  tic 
l^ioA  of  the  (■bh»iic»ly<i^4iofnai'^t.«rib 


^W'"*' 

:  ♦- 

t' 

•A 

^$9 

.'"SI- 

5I 

S3 

CHRONOLOGICAL  TABLH. 


4^i 


<#!' 
*, 


.>;.4* 


*.^V 


,^ 


Wttmf  Chrlft;  ,,  «.'.... 

1199  The  riipe  of  Htleft  by  Pant,  tfhich  in  tx%\  give  rife  to  the 
Trrjan  war,  m4  fiege  of  Troy  by  ihe  <iTctb,  which  cou- 
jfe  .  ilnttedten  yean,  t^<»  tlwt  «itJ5».wa»  taken  add  bMrnr. 
1048  David  laTole  feipgol  I  fni<l.       „    ;    /v 
11x4  The  temple  U  fotemiriy  dedicated  by  9(ifbmoK. 
S96  itfij^h  the  prophKt  i^tran^cd  l<>  heaven. 
891  N^iifcy  6rftmadtc.of'foM«ttdU)!vcr  at  Atgot. 
#69  The  city  of  Cwtthage  in  Africa  foouditdl  by  Qtxecn  Pidpi 
"14   I'hr  iungdom  or  M:t«edoll  bi^i»k 
7  7*  Thefifft'Olymjpiad- bcgm  ^ 

7J3  iEra  of  iIk  buiUiip|  of  Rom«  inkily,  by  Romirtus,  ferflr 

ItinfHof  lb*  Ron>an».  t 

yaOiSoimaria  takev  alter  three  years  fiScge.  and  the  kingfjiom  of 
^  Iff  Acl  over  thrown,  jb^  d^tmamfcr,  kin^  of  AlTyria,  who 
,  carried  the  t«a  trHfiCf  into  captivity. 
Tkc  firft  cctipfc  of  rht  moon  on  tecord. 
ffStByzantium   (uow   Conl[Uotit)op%>  bvilt  by  a  eotdny  of 
,         oAthepians  !  v        '  f 

t  ^(604  By  ordtt  of  Nccho,  king  i^f  Egypt,  fottte' I^enicians  failed 
,    \.  from  the  Red  Sea  r6ttn4  Atrka»  a^  lettfirtted  by  the 

Meditcrrivbeaa  , 

^<op  Tii^lei  uf  MHetuf  f ritveM ifllo Egfpf;  ai^^>e» the  koowl- 
.   ^-  ,4;,  «dge>of  geometry,  afl^ooonfiy,  and  ^ib»efopby ;.  rcturmr 
^    16  Greece,  caleutatc»  cclipfe*^  and  gipfrs  genci'af  notion* 
«  !        <>f'|hvnni-verfr»>ndmaintaiq«^al'««ie  Supreme  Intel- 
^  *'      rigfci»«#  r«gulatiu  aM"  **»  i|Hiir«»n»;  .r.       '     . 

^  r  49i/iijp^  ^'^oiit^  ivA  if»  6ttP»  iit  tiic  2ibd}ack  invented,  by^ 

AllailmAnd^ritheichoJai'ofTJtolifci       ' 
497  JeWakin,  Wnj?^«f  ;l*fbih,  i*  citiririi  aw^  e9pt(y«  |>y  Nebu^ 

*»  chadntzaar  toBaoylon.  - 

^9f  Th«  eSSf  of  IcmWeirt  takcnafl6f-a  IStg*  9f  if  Mottfa*. 
5 jV  Cyrtrt,  Bwft  kiog  uf  Ptrfa. 

«i39  nkc«W»jgd?>m  pi  Babylon  defli^ed;  that  city-bcine  lakqa 
*  hf'Cft^  ^  i|»^^^  ilKkd  a©  e4|«  fpr  tbe  Yewm  of^ 
riic'fswt;'. ;.    x*„.    '■    "       "'  '■', 
«jl$^Iie»rning^iA  ffiM^h  enteitcagitd  «c  Atl^n»|fa64  a  paHlifk 

liHra^yfimfottuqcdi       ';     ^  ; 

m^  Tiii  fccoad  temple  at  J^rufiktcm  ia  ImiOte^-  vDider  Darioa, 
jC7^a|quiiUh6  7th  and  l^^^n^S  oftKe  Rbnili^l  it  expired,  an«r 
f  i  V  K^f^f  '*fi^  gV^rntcl  t*y  two  coniRif^  and  otAcr  repiihiicaill ' 
»  niAgiftfKte*,  wjlil  the  battle  ai  'PharfAlia,"46i  ypacs. 

501  Sardia^takfin  and hurncd by  the  Albanians,  wliich  |pive  OD^ 

\    r^J^%t6tliePei^^  -^' 

4%  I  Xerxss.lung  yf  P^i&^bt4tn»i^s  ca^p^  auinft  Greeihk 
4^  £«ra  is  feni  f(«m  BaMlon  to  1fi<ti^aUp»  with  tlic  captiVtr 
.  ,  jew^and  the  vtrftf* toitofd  fiid  fi^v^r.  «^i.  bein|'7o  week* 
;: ^  ; ,  of vMrfcor 49Q¥ear#%f^r^ ^lefiru^'fiaitm of  ou» Saviour. 
,|||f  Tbe Romans  ftndto  AtneWHfbrSbbn^I^wy. 
4J.J  The  Decemvir*  wcated  J^t  Ro^^^JlriEtgllNii  iiailSNcRit 


x;t,-*.«WSfSy.:X'. 


^6^*         CHRONOLOGtCAt  tABIF. 

Belinrc  qiuifl^      ...     ^  .  ,  '  jf 

45A  N'rtettca  y^iits  cycle  invcnttd  by  Metom 

430  Ij»e  haiorv  a?  the  OW  Tcfttameni  .fiiiiflk.  afioitt  this  tin^.. 

Walad^thtlaft- of  tJie  prophets.  -         u    5 

40»,^trt«  or iJcxoofo Gr«felw.  uqdcr  X<nophwK  %         ' -T        ' 
400  Socr*tp,,th^  fcuiuU*' of  moral  pWlpfophy  amooEthd  GJecfer 
puyo^-th  by  the  Athpmanj,  who  foJn  after  i;<pcnt! 
^  anjlercAtohwinciiKflhr^'alirofbrafs^  !^    ^ 

379  BcBotian  ^»ar  e«mm«^^,ttOrwce^fioia,ed  ip  *66,  after  thr " 
^cath  o;  ^P-mmWittea,  ih„  UQ!  of  th«  <5rccian  licroc.; 
•^fff  •>'»«««,  Wfih^  brotljerta  the  king  of  Muccdon.. 
wiio  h^drhseit  ediicatec^  under  hinii  privately^fct  out  for  . 
that  cou,»rry,  fciztd  the  kingdqm,.an||   afttr  a  cmiauid 
,    oouf  fe  of  war,  treachery;  and^diffiinulation,  pm  an  end  to- 

53«  Phihp.king  rtf  Macedftn.  nmrdeiredi  and  fticceeded' By  bi» 

33*  Al6»andriavm,Egypt,  bSiJtr  ;    '^  ;  ^     *^;>  -  "^   , 

3j»  AJe»aft|rer,  K4ng  of  JVfticediini  cotkwert  mf«ii»,  iS&'of  " 

Pt'rtia.and  other  fiatbns  of  Alia.*      •  »    %.  i. 

33^3:  Dics'rfiBabvloni  and  IMS  cmjiirp  is  divided',  Jby  his  ichcral8> 

mtofour kin«foms,^a|ter  dtftVoying,  hi»  wijcs>  iildreoi* 

IU;other».nM)tbes,  af^tdOtrs.  * 

agt  DiirkriielSacKoii^p'-aifmiou'day.       ^  *         ''^ 

»Sj^  Dionyfiuii  of ^^ka^dhV  b«gan;h{^  silfronowical^ri  dtjjfifen^ 

«m  J"»fc^^»nff  Uk  «i-ft  who  found  the  Solar^  Wat  to*  - 

»84  BtolemyPh»Ia<ielplwe,,Ks%  o^ Ecypt.  emplo/s fcventy,^^* 
»tticriM?t«»  to  ttana«tct&iOrdl^ftHmeatimo.1^^^ 

a6»  TlieSrft" coinage  of  filler  *t  ftbmeV^'  *'^       »^ 

*^o  £w«°^«ae»^«rft«t*cqiptcdUomeafiirfet%€artfi{       * 
1^0  The  firftKoman^  army  cnn5rsArm.,atttf  fW)m  the  fpoHs^or 

-«s  'V^V*^'**^  ^«>«»- the  Matick.  lujRiry  to  ^W.?. 
""2  S.^i!''  tio"f«»^^wihiflacr«I  by  Amiochus  Shiphaiw$t 
i(ffi.  PtPftus  dfeffeateAby  the  BtomW.iWefrends  the  Ma'ed<JC' 
man  kingdom^  :  *»  -  ,  ,         t . 

169  Th>:ffrfflibr»ryer«Jkij^at  RbJhc,.  of  bo6k»  brought  from. 
■     Nfaccdoniak  4.  > 

»6^ThegoveriiinentqfJudea^deri«ie  Maocabeis- begiuf.  aa*  * 
«ontinuc9  ]^»6  y«ar».         ^  <  C  "    ^ 

145  Ckrthagcand  Gonnthraft*  to  thcgroimd  by  the  ki^ans, 
14J  A  huftdrcd  tnoiifand  iphabitant»  of  Autioch  Jiv.flacwd  ik> 
oncdiy,t^tl»e|ews%  ^* 


1^  C'T — "3"^."  """-rii*'  "^^w'-Mifc  w  <iyv>wov  valuable. 

BO*ks,bUi^  bya|!cn!Cnt. 
45  The  yar  of  AfWca^  in.  whi6fr  eito  kills  MnMf.  ^  - 

♦?  Cw^r  kiiiedin  the  fenatc,  after  having  fouttrt  ^fty  pirchet 

jQ  Akxandri^t^ken  by  OOkv^t.  a&f  BgyOttftaucW  to  a.Rp. 
man  province^-  z-  . ,^-r,  :^  ^ f^...  .;.-:^.  /  '  '     ■" 


CH»01I0L0CT5!!H.  r/^ffX.  Mt 

9e&>r<  Chrlft.     **      ^  .  s     , 

a;  CK!taviu«,  by  •  dtcret  of  ttie  fenMetobtMM  the  fiilcof  Aii> 
guAifft  Cwftr,  unci  an  aHr(i1tit;e''ei|>mpciotflN^  the  bvfj^'f 
"    •  *"     ma  if  firopcrljr'lhf!  fitft  RomaiiBrnperow. 

■  l-The  tcmplcV  }*aM^  it,fhiut,by' A|i|ttthu.  m  a£]j|(|l4il«^  at 

uiMVfrfal  pcarit  ^   «ii(t  }c/ul  Giinft^iTliippi^M  to  fitrt 
iMMfc  born  m  8^«ii4>er,  or  on  McNHay^lkcicmlker  15. 

After  CliA^>  W  J  • 

i^.Chnft  dirputei  with  the  DoOQrsia  the  temple.  ^         ^ 
a<^      ■■■     it  haptitted  in  che  wiMerntCil  By  Jnhn.  ,       .  ,  .  ^ 

35  ~l.^itcrudffeda|»FcidiysApiil^,  atj  o'elnVlt,  P  Mr. 
Hi9,VcfurreiAiMion  Lotd'r  Diy^  ~  A^il  5  ;   Hi*    atctnftom^ 

TtiurfilAy,  M<ijr  14  ** 

36  Sr  P«tti  coD««ft«l.    -  -" 
19- S^  Nljitthf w>lit^  hi,«  OffCpcl'. 

l»Q^ttu«  PIUte4imibhnferf    .♦  ,*.      ' 

40  The  name  of  Chrtftiaa*  ik^  |ii^.  •» '  AHtiiMk|4*  «ii  ^tipkn. 

\-.  crtofChiifi  1 

43  CbAdius^Gafir'lespeditiofi  int4»  IrltjUoi 

■  44  St.  Mark  wrirct  hMtSofpeK 

46  Chriftianity  carried  kito  ^i^in. 
.^  49  liihdtMi  9  |l»U9ded  hy  the  Romatii.  ' 
,  ja  The  $;oanctl  of  the  Ap»(Het  at  JbirtifiUeaiii^  ^ 

5J  St.  tuke  wrlk»  hi«  Gofpcl. 
6b  diriftiifnliy  preached  in  Qritaia. 
'  ia  St  i>Aa1if<lcnt  in  Kbi^  tiy  Rome— t 
twe^5(«pd64  '       ,;^^  ', 
Aj  The  ad»  ofthe  AptrfHca  wrktca.  ' 

"     Chrifti;(^7i^pb^cd  to  be  ititvodiired  ittto  Bfitkittby 

g,     Sli.  PiattI  or  foni  of  h&  dtfclpliet,  about  tttt*  tiaie. 
64  Rome  ftton  fire,  and  ^fried  for  fix  dayt ;  npon  jr^)^  ^^ 
^      «%l  g;<n  under  N<^p  tne  fic  fl  perrectttion  agaiilA  th*  Chriftiana.. 
*7t  St   Peter'andSlf:'Pku1  put  to  death.       *   t 
70  Tirn*  t^^cs  JcruTa|eai,  which  it  rafed  to  the  grouad|  and  the 

ptou^fi'made  topalaover  it.  /  la... 

7^  St..  J«i^A  the   £van^i(k  wrote  hit  Relation— Ikit^dofpeft 

<•  1119.7.       ,        . 
t3^Thc  fecond  .  Jewilh  war  enda,  whi»  thc^  aOre  ail  baniiltedb 

Tudea.   '■■  '*■  *».*■-■'•  '■  *■'    ■•'"". 

1.39  JuftKw'*«"  Wl  firik  apofejrif  foe  the  Chrilllinf. 
Xja  TheemperouT  .^toninu*  Piu»  fto[M  the  perfecution  againfti' 
,       .     tKe  Cluifti^na.  ,-    '  "^    - 

ai7  The  Septnaigint  Citd  to  lie  l»«md  iki  a  c<^    Chtlrchyarda- 

began  to  be  coafetpated. 
247  Silk  Brft  brought  from  tadta  1  and  the  ni^nafatftory  of  it  in* 

tioduccdrntolgurope/ 55 1. 
30;  Tht  tenth  gcaerat  petfectstton  hegin^  under  DioetcGaa  apdi: 

Oaletioi.  7.,,  -^^  -  j, ".-.•■■.  .^.'  ;»  ■*■ 
jo6t  ConHnntineVie  Qrea$  S>^g*n9  ills  feigpu 
3Ji  The  tenth  perfecution  end*  t>v  an  edi^a  of  Onaftantine;  who- 

favottrs.tUc  Chriltiaivf  !uuiigt'7e$  iull  liberty  tatheir  leelistotv 


•write^  hir  t||illlei  he-^ 


After  ChrM-  '  * 

^*S  The  fii^jScaendconncii^t  HIce,  wheitsia-fathera  attended* 
o*??*"!  ^'^  ***'*  WM  «)mp©fed  the  Ctnumt  JNi^tne  creed'. 
3a8  Conit]ittdncremove» the  Teat  <?f  the  'empIhE  front'  Ronie  to* 
•  .  Bjf JHH^iom^whKh.  h  thcoccfoMirarcl  ealkS  CbnOuitiiiioplc. 
311  Conftamineprdcrs  all  the  ^oyih^n  Cemples  ttf  bejjkftrij^ed;. 
363  Tbeemptrattr  JufiaQ.Airm^Bedthe  Apo(l>t«„ciHteaVourv  Us 

vain  to  rebuild  the  tempr^  of  JeruiUifi» 
3^4  The  Ronao  empire  U  dividedintothe  eaflem  (CfniAeiatino'- 
4  pie  (he  ca|>ttal)anc|  Veflbm  (of  whici:  l^ome  cootjnued  id 

*     b  I**  *^'^'*' '^  •■^**  ^iug  now  uodcr  the  government 
ofqpHcreat  £^perottr9«  •  ,  „ 

*  400  Bfclhi«iventedhyJrfflK>p,P«u|iou8.offilora«9Cimpagaa. 
410  Rome  t;|ken  and  plundered  by  Alaridi;lBnirof  the  Oothi. 
4 1  a  Th^  Vandals>e^m  thctclcingdpoi  in-  8^i» 
410  The  kingdsHn  pi  France  li«gN#P9nlbe  fewer  Rhjiie, ^ndsr 

.  S>haraq^ond.  '         .  .r;  / '■  ':■■-'  .   ■  k'---.-  '.;,?**£  ^•.;.  ■    ^' 
4^  The  konuni-vrkhdrftw^^ht^  tf«qMA^*Britafitv«od  never 
retufT^,  edviGngthemtoarot  in   thfiur  0!iV9^'tfc|e|itfet  ands 
,    7ruft.to  their  own  vslour^     .-'..,'.■.  >^     -y-'^i.  ^:  ^i- 

A$*  St  pAtriekbegantopreacbinfeehMldt  be  die<i^  tfth  March; 

493>*Sediaa  v|ara. 

447  A«iJa.(furnamedtVStourgeof6bd)with  W»  Hiins.rav- 

^70  The  Wteri^empire  entifdy  delfeMed  ;Jppp,the  rainr  pf 
which  federal  new  Jtati!^  ariAMii!  Itelj  and  >tb«r  Wtt, 
fonnmngwf  Gotfat,  VaBd»t«|  ]ftio»,  andotheuharbatiu^ 
under  whom  Ut^ature  i»  <  eatinguiOMdv  and*  the  «orks 
^v    <s>f  the  id^aedafe  droved.      •  ^  > 

496  Clwit.  Wng  of  Pta^ce;  baptisBed,.«iid'  C&dmaiiffy^egioa  tn. 
that  jEingaom^  0,  .    v 

sH  ThiMonipttting^of  tinic  l>]r  tite  Clirimaar  era-is  kUriMluced 
,Bi)r  Ehonjc^uf  the  nv>n1c  ^ 

557  A  temWc  pJagye  all  over  Europe^  Afia   and   A^ca,wTiicll. 

conttRucsoeavty  flTiy.  years..        v       ,, 
«oq  9t^  %ft  ufed  in  chi*rche».  r    "  ,,,;     :^     '  ' 

«o6  The  power  of  the  Pbpe  tHjginp  by  the  «*nctffi6n  Pf  Phoca*,. 
,     empcroof  of  thecal.  «• 

;«a*  A^homet  flics  from  Mecca' to  lifcdina  ip'  AraMa.    His  foN 
lowcr»ifo^piitethchi«tim«/rprathis4crau  which,  in   Ar». 
btck  IS  c|iired'Hegira,  i.  e.  **  the  Flights" 

J37  Jk«^ufAfei^t»Mbythc§^C4c)tif»  or  follower*  of  Mahomet^ 
§♦0  Alexandria  Mi.E|gfpt  is  taken  by  thelaracenn,  and  thcisrandt 
^^      ."biary there  biH-nt.bjrorder  of  Oinarrhcir  calif  orprincej 
66j  C^fs  uiveotcd-  in  Bugland  by  Bchalt  it  mon fc; 
6»5   rm  Brftains  totally  cxpcHcd  by  the  Saxons,  and  driven  into 

Wales  and  Cornwall. 
696  Churclies  ficft  hegaw  to-  be  built  |»  Effglandi      ^ 
.713  I'hc  Saracei^conqiicr  Spain.    Their  prt^refs  ftbpped  in 

rrancc  ujf  vutttics  w^ruii,  in  73Z-. 
786  Thetontrnverfy  about  image*  begint  ,nd  oceafiona  many 

infiirret%ton»tn<thee|Mlern  empire;  .         >      . 

^♦8  Tii^  ^on^uting  of  y«|f»  frjjm  the  birth  of  Chrid  be^a  |o^b^ 


^%^ft?« 


CHROl^OtOCflCAL  rABiiSi       419 

Mhtt  Chrift.  •  ,     . 

9  6t  Tbii'ty  thovffiiid  book*  burnt  hf  order  ofUit  Empetowr  7Jte. 
786r  Tht  rurpii(ee,«  vcftmcnc  of  the  Pagan  PticAi^  Mttro^ifced 

800  Qiatt<m«gi&,  king  -of  Fra^e,  bcgfns  the  cmpttt^at  Ocr- 
many,  sfierwardt  cailod  the  w^ftcf  n  empire,  and  cil* 
de«vf>urt'in~vain  to  reftore  ICMmitilf  in  Europe.  . 
886  Juries  firft  ioftitutMl.^  .        .     '^ 

«p6  Airi€d  tU-  Great,  after fubdaing  the  H^niOiinvmien,  com- 
, ,  %.^  pdTu  hie  "body  (rf"  Jaw* ,  dividen  Ea^and  into  Connties, 

hundreds,  and    tythings ;    erIdU    county  courts,   and 
,  founds  the  Uoivetfity  of  OcfoV<)  abbdt  'this  ti«nc. 
g^S'-Thi^SAnt^h  empire  divided  into  ferdl  kingdoms,  by  ufut^ 
940  Chriftianity  eftahiiflied  in  Denmark.  w^*      fpatjch. 

989  ^iiriaianity  ef&bliAied  in  Ruffia.      %      #    !     / 
991  The  figures  in  arithmetick.  are  brougbi  into  Europe  by  the 
Saracens,  from  Arabia.    Letters  of  the  alphabet  were 
hitherto  ufed.*^^^         *  '*•- 

ifioo  Pkpcr,  made  of  rligl.^mes  into  ufc.         ^ 
iDOs  Alf  the  old  cKurcbes'are  rebuilt  about  this  time  ma  new 
Ihrle.      -•'  .    *      /     -  [England. 

lots  Chiyren  forbid  by  law  to  be   f^ldby  their  parenu  in 
'f*  '      I^rieftflgbrbidden  to  marry. 

%ois  Mnfical  gamul  invented  ity  OAide,  a<  BeiMdiaine  friar.    .      ^ 
iu4j  The  Turks  becqme  formidaiblebaoalukepofleffionofPerfi^' 
xo6jf  The  Turks  take  Jemfalem  from  the  Saracedt:^ 
-  tojo  William,  king  6f  Engltod,  ihtroduces  the  Fendkl  Law. 
1075  HeniylV.  Empe^our  of  Germany,  and  the  Pope,  quarrel 
about  the  nomination  of  the  GfH-man  Bifliopi.    Henry^ 
in  piehane4  i^alks  barefboted  to  AOrae,  towirds  the  end 
~  '  of  Januarys  ^  ^  ^ 

ifi8o  Doomfday  book  began  to  Hecompiled  by  order  dfWrniamt 

from^  (urvgr  of  ^U  the  eftatts  in  England,  aid  finiflied 
j^    ■-.'■  ia  1686.  '     .  -  ',        ■     '-^  '  ■  ' 

-  '^'^  "The  Tower  of  Undon  built  by  th<5  lame  Prihec,  to  cnrfc 
'  his  EqgUfli  tnhjeas.  -      V  «#     " 

1086  Kingdom  of  Bohemia  begwa.  ;  -\  '      .<f'    . 

X096  The  firft  crufade  to  the  Hply  Lamll  begun,  to  drive  the  iaf- 
dels  from  Jernfalem.     "^  (ftone. 

1163  London  bridge.  cOofifting  of  19  fmall  arches,  firft  built  of 
X180  Glafi  windows  began  to  be  ufed  in  private  houfes  in  Engh|0(}., 
1 184  Pope  Alexander  III.  complied  the  Kings  6f  England  and  \ 
France  to  hoM  tjte  ftirr ups  otUw  (addle  when  he  mount- 
. ed' hishorfe.    ■.'  .  i"""  S'-  '■^''^-  ■  ■'.- /^',::"  '7:^  ' -: 

u86,The  great  coAjunaioii  ofthef^  and  lAocMiaHd        the  ^ 

planets  in  Libra,  happehcd  inNSeptcmber.         "^ 
X194  The  battle  of  Afcalon.  in  Judea,  iq  which  Richard,  king  of 
England, ^def^tt  Saladihe'a  arriiy,  canfifiing  of  .306^006'^ 

Richitrd  treacherotifly  impriibeei  in  fait  wiy  hbmc  by  tht 
Emperour  ofGermatiy.         j  -   ,    . 

1400  Chimnies  were  not.  knowii  in  England, 

•Sumamci  now  begna  to  be  ufcd  {  firft  imoirg  IJM:  pobillty. 


.*f, 


4*»        liWtOMt)LOGICAL  YADLE. 

After  Clirit. 

«»i5  M««i«€h«rt»  U  Hgned  by  King  lohn  ind  the  BaroiM  ;  imI 

•  •*.  »,J**V     ***""*  y'^*'  "  "  «•■*"»«**«"  »he  IrJfli  by  Henry  IFI. 

t«»7  The  Tartari,  a  new  raer  of  Bafb*ri4ni,B.\d«r  Jtnghit  Khan 
emerge  fron»  the  northern  pnrtt  of  Afia,  conquer  rtjc 
greutoftpart  of  that  continent,  •nd  in  %t  ye^*  dt«rov 
upwards  of  14  ntiltiona  of  people. 

1433  Tht  inquifiiioo,  begun  in  1^04,  Is  now  truftedto  the  Domi- 

nieanr  '  * 

Thehowfea  of  JLondon  and  other  cities  in  England,-  France, 
and  Germany  riill  thatched  with  ftr*w.  * 

**5»  Magnifying  glafles  invented  by  Roger  Bacon. 

*a58  Th^  rartars  take  Bagdad  which  puts  an  end  4o  the  erflpiiw 
of  rtit  Saracens  ^ 

1173  I'he  empire  of  the  prefent  Auftri.n  family  begins  in  Ger- 
t  a8o  Ounp.>*der  invented  by  a<.gcr  Bacon.         ^  I  many. 

1*83  I^lexvel  yn,  prince  of  Walcs.dcfeattd  and kilfed  by  Edward 
„n«  TK    "'''?^'»;"»*'/'t  principality  to  EujjIaiMl  tn"^. 

-laps  Theprefciu  Turk,  ili  empire -begins  in  Bithynia  under  Otto- 
Bilver  h4ftcd  kni-ves,  fpoons  and  cups,  a  great  luiury.  tSpiiM- 

ters  of  wood  gci^raily  ufcd  for  iightn.  / 

Wine  fold.by  apothccaiits  only  as  a  cordial.         . 
2199  Windmills  invented.  #  "    ^V    f,  ' 

1300  About  this  time4he  mariner's  compafswas  invented,  or  im- 
proved  bv  John  Oioia,  or  Ooya,  a  Ntapt.litan.  The  «eur 
de  luce,  the  armc  of  the  Duke  of  Anjou,  tlien  King  of 
^  Naples,  was  placed  by  him  at  the  point  of  the  needle,  in 
compliment  uf  that  prince. 
«307  The  beginning  of  the  Swifs  cantons. 

Intcrcft  of  money  in  England  at  45  per  cent, 
i3ao  Gold  iifft  coined  in  Chriftendom. 

f  340  Gunpowder  firO  fuggefted  ai  ufeful  for  warlike  porpofes  by 
Swanz,  a  oionk  of  Golognc ;  1346,  Iklward  III.  had  four 
pieces  of  cannon,  which  contributed  to  gain  him  the  bat- 
^tlc  of  Crefly. 

Oil  painting  firft  made  ufe  of,  by  John  Vaneck. 
X35X  The  Turks  fir  ft  enter  Europe. 
»3»6  Ac^pany  of  linen  weavers  from  the  Metfaeriaada  eftab- 

uihed  in  London.  , 

i^x  WaySng  4:ard»  invented  in  France  for  the  King'samufement. 
>40»  Pajaaet  ^featcd  by   Tamerlane,  and  the  ^wer  of  the 

Turks  IS  almoft  entirely  decoyed. 
1404  Hats  for  men  invented  at  Paris,  by  a  Swifs. 
X4ia  Denmark  united  to  the  crown  of  Norway. 
■430  taia#eBfiu8,  of  Waerltm,  invents  the  art  of  printing,  which 
^  hepra^fed  with  fieparate  wooden  types.  Guttemburg 

aftetwards  mvented  cut  metal  typen.    Peter  sihcrffer  in* 
wentfd  the  mode  of  caAmg  (yp«9  in  matrices.     But  ihe 

^oft  *uthentick  accotints^arcribe  the  invcstionof  printing 

w  S3T  ..srauii,  or  FaiiKus,  in  2444. 

Z446  The  Vatican  library  founded  at  Home. 

Thefta  breaks^ M Dorr, in HoH«od,.and  drown*  ioo,Wo 


UC*, 


J^'   ■»*' 


f.  ♦  "" 


1^^ 


I'M!!: 


W^ 


^rT' 


t5»>  W^pi  oT  f,pMf0  takt4  ki  rift  fftpi  4l^  Mfe>n,e^ 


•l?^» 


The* 


%s^.$^n 


VtJ 


wnusmi,  bv  whom  ibah  trwc^r 
.     157*  tit  «riit  MMMrr  df  PrateOuitt  »( 

1579  Hit  Dmf ^1|w|M, oCilne.  SpMiih jdUe^  ili^^ti^kmi 
ofHottMdJiSi*,   ■     . 

tjti.  pwkiSrt  AedM>klM»n«f  Arnuf fc^ horn  in  Ott<>H|i,  dttir  «p 

I58«  Pi^{N!«iwylmro4|icw4JMUNew  Style  inHaly  ;  tbcifh 

of  OdfaMkttm^HiMifitdl  tl|^  ijllit. 
1583  Tob«e(Q<UftVrtMfkHN«kVi|fgini*ifttp  Bttflind. 
1587  Mftm  <)i«M  of  igo^ji;  ^k^ded  by  oriUt  «t  Bliaahdh, 

^_  ■,      , _  _  „,  Cl!S*  Aamfrili. 

Bp»  ^  luM^gfiJj^  Ai^r<9i4W  pr«|(|.ilii4  o|b<r  En- 

1189  OOAcMi  Im  fi^mtfcMl  iatoBJBiiMint .         :pb(ft«iN. 

.1597  WMtlWii  jBNtlivmiibt  )iif»  Bnthtd  11^  Q«r*t«^|^      , 

^        '  ber  ftlt<^in^n^'9«£Bi?'^^ 

naiNt  of  QisMt  ^JplrHsiiittir 
160$  The  Oif»po«4fr, plot,(Uftof^ir|i(U  l^iH^'* 

K«p)cf.  Uy»  tb<  ibuodatifvor  tli<ifeii^tiQ«iMiiifyftem  of  lit* 

tr^^oo.  "*■■'.       "  ':*■       '  \  ; 

•^laftet  Jupiter  by  tUe  tete^coMifuMrit  loft  Ui^ewcaJn 
BolURd     ^Qgc>        fttiled^  tbeli«&di:  '  . 
x6i«rH««r)r  IV  wmMri      4«Fii"*fc 

VirgUkia  «ad  |lewtov.a(aigttd  icidM  ^if,t]M  ^t|gl 

Had(!im%  %y  4iffov^4  by  •  capi^pof  t|Ut'ib«'»e,  wbe 

i»  ieft^  ^  nitiMO,  with  iffii^\otlici»>to  pcrilliiiD  thut 

x6f4  The  cmbm  of 


8io«m}M 
Binici  the 


x6t 


he  nfbm  of  pi«MMig$h<f(ft|r  to«i1ciHrirefr«^fomc 

bilM  fil^j^nt  St  QtrvMi'k'tia^f^hii  powdeTcdrthcitw 

f^m^  to  Iool(  the  mure  tmw  Wk   ' 
*^  «  Sf<«^%'>«^r<e:««rd  by  the  Dutch. 
New  |pu«i|^dSlc«^Nt^.^  idle  Hotch 
r6t<    Df.  WvlfjmMkWHt.ltntliflii6kn,  ftiHy  contimu  the  doaxioc 

ofthfJ|^<a^o|riiebr«?i 


ijiia»  1    ■  hgM^lHi  wil^i^^fliof y  from  r»w  itl^  ioti;oduced  into 

pi   _  _       ■  [ftui's  cottffreMtten. 

1^1  j   <>>itjh,iif^^ll^  ^n^ind  pimttihy •port  of  Mr.  RoWft" 


i%S  The  ■  umdTif  Ifeiri 

Weft-Iiidie«^i»  pt^ced. 


^^m  hy  aa'£ngtiflt  eolon 


eirft  EogHfit  fctthntentio^thc 


^  * 


ckhonOlocicaii  T:%»hz       m 

Aflci  GMk. 

lip  |iMV|ffd<!ii)liiiiiCiinMi|«*|iifiM^ 

'.      -'^  We'kilfeil.  '  ,    ••  _  .  '•  ■> ' 

1^9  eh«l1«l.  bchM4cd  II  wytiifillf|AiMMr]r^,iifcd  49. 

itjl  t|pi»ill^  VAdtr  AclnlnitfciiOi  tike  JMT^  from  the 

'Sgmm''--'-'  ■       ■  ■  '[MNi''lUebardr 

yi^S  mm^di diw-andli  futfttcdrd  iii  the Prtiifflarflitp  bj  Iim 
•«6o  Sins  qinrlea  IM«idbt#l^liottki<<i>i|i««Ayofthe  sr- 

,  S  *»'»«»  •«  e«il*«rf;areNt  tipfeiitiftirtet  widH^ 

'      ltpf|«pttl0  of  Deniiikrk^g  opfiii^lqr  Hw  K^blev, 
fi|t#cia<r  their  |tf^Ueaei:toTred«fick  III.  wiw  becomes 
.     .  ■-■    IMbhite.   .,'\.  -^  -■,.^--,>-   -:      . 

r*t  Spcietv  c(|»blU^  l«  Lo^loii  bj^  <»i«rl<:;i  II. 


IM* 


•iNMi*wK 


•v?-- 


16^  inittpla|iier1i#itoLv«doa.  v 

1^  The  |tf«^J^  of  Laa4aii;bi%tD|«cpt«ilhce  >4«uideoa- 

«iii|4(B0jSrd»i.-'^--"'  '•  '-''■  '•*   '■■  — 

^Ui^y  of  ictcM  eftaUMhed  ill  7nHie4 
1667  'III*  icalf  df  Orcla»i»hich  confirnp  to  the  Bo^ifh  the 
^mr  ^MiMth'tUUii  a««r  Mowa  bv  thei|ajdti«i  of  Pcina- 

ld$o  ^#  Cwotpa^autcd  by  aa.En|>H&cbloii7|OiiacrOf»ir- 

lijp t ,  4ea4eitrF  Of  archtteanre  eftabitihed  is  BrafmK 

1^4*  ii^l^lfV.  otitruQg  great  p«rt orHolliiiid.whenth^  Dutch 

>   J  oj^ia    their  ihiites,  bemg  <i«tenniiitd  td  4xmfa  their 

-    -  eofuit^y,  afid  retire  tc    .cii*  flEittiemeau  t»the1^ft«liuiia. 

i67(  Repetiiing  docks  aad  watches  UiVfiitedbj  Btariovr.   «,.      ' 

X&7&  7ht  p^M  Nlmtguen      the  Habeas  Qcc{»iu  adi  puffed. 

.i|^9  SttiruMdSi  aie  London  to  great,  that  oaup  coqld  not  read  at 

C        :  noon  diiy^Januaiy  t«.  f  ▼embe*  |'to  Mafch  9. 

$48^  Afirau  eonvet-ap|ieared»  atud  «ott^iied  viJmle  from  Ho- 

)KStl  Wul^  Peuit  a  <^a||tt^  receivtji  *  ihartcr  for  planting 

Penar|rWaaia;^li^vh^  tjc'gsh  fehia  «ap. 
ll8l  Cdt^  of  PhyficMna '  at  Jktmburjsh  incorporated. 

Ji^j^lli;  edJi^  Sf 'Wifitfr  infiiliaillijr  revok  i  by  LewuXlV. 
77^^  - ', 

16^  TW^Ulfcof  VcrlaiileSfttearmrM.  finifhedl^y  l^ewisXtV. 
,|^&"l1ie  re^^ii(^  W  befiiis,Dov*  5.    Xing 

lamesHEctii^ctb  France,  I)icc.  ^* 


%f.. 


/  '':: 


''  \^' 


\y-' 


i-„  ' 


4H        CHRO^qLpGlCAt  TABM. 

1«89  King  WUlUm^nd  queen  Mary,  Ibn  aaS  da«|)i«cr,  in  Ui|  to 

.fatmtsJl  Arefif4iji^iaKd>Frbru«ry  it6«  * 

1691  B4yt)&etfs»th«<iiii^ii{i«MM  mulkett  MtuT^^ilic  F/mch 
ySUttkoCtftriaad  cftnlilUked  by  King  Wi}il»i9.     , 

^      'TK«AjffidR|»t^ik  I(>(t.ci^  W4«  vlrawu  thii  yC4i'.    ,- 
.1^95  BtpkofScotiaailtffta&liOi^d. 

«>6ie*t;ff|id  utlcM.  if  Caledonia  ,  . 

.  »700  ChAfk*  XII  pf  ^s<i«i»  bcgfni  hi*  r<iigp.   «     \ 

V^e  CotHgf.  <a«Mi<h4d,  at  fiaybiook,  CdoBc^icut  j  te- 

.inovcd.t«>  N««^  Hftvcn^  I7l6« 

170 Y  Pfttifiii^^eire^ttl'iiwpa  feivgdom., '  /.  fedabliOcdw 

S    «t»ckty  «ttr  III*  pF«iMg4tiotiflf  theOofpeJ  intpt^MrUt 

^o^^JLsH^  yfiliii»  iiicM,  ti^edjo^oadU  fuc«c<4ed  by  <»!eea 

Aa^ndtughtcr  tp}amcs  U.»howith4^i<»g^|ottj«nd 

fittf».OwMi|J  t9ww  fbf  wv  agiiuft  France  and  $paift 

ir«»4  tk|»4U«R.tp^«)i^oiii4|ie,Sp<iqlaid»  bkAdiniralRauke. 

i?.«6  Tl^  tr^ktroi^  yjiio«  bet«E«ed,£agi4ftd«ttd  $cAti»nd,  Dgn. 

td  Tune  It:"  /  '^   •"    A 

1707  Tb«  fi^ft  Briliih  parliimcm.  ^     iSavojr, 

SwdiaUt  «r«a«d  intd  «  ki««dom«  i^nd  f^^u  to  the  Duke^of 
»7«0  Qttee«  ^nf  chaitgsa  t]ie  Whig  ftQi»iiify  tor  <nhet§tat)tt  fa- 
vpmp*SW;  toih«  int^^ftof  hc»  brother*  fhe  late  Rrvtepd^. 
The  tv^tdnA-thfifth ^otMt  Padl, J^awi^ki,  »cb^«Niy,a^r 
,Chttffifp^'Wr«a»  j^  37  yeaw,  at  o««  inilUoo  expthfe; 
by, «  dfttj^  flU!k'«9(Mdt^  ^ 

1713. The  p«a«««f  Vtrecht^^herchy.Heit^«)«od^d»NoiraSeo- 
jia,  Nc^-Britatn,  and  Htodlwi**  Bay^iaMprth,  America, 
weceyjflhIed^a^^rj0i«Bctlai»$   Oibiialtae WMioiorca, 
\  w^Bwoptt  wtn  2)6>  eoi»ax!n«dt9  th<  laid  <row»  b«|Us 

^  .  •      ^««^,   ■  ,  .^  '■^^- 

«7 14  Quetft  Apae  diet,  aged  50,  a^d  ia^cceedcd  hy  Qeorge  I. 

!nlereft4><dtti^  to  B«e  p«r  eeat.  ia  £rg|a«d. 
1715  Lev»is  KIV.  dies, «nd  ia  faceeededby  hit  keat  grandson 

The  f^ijos  ilk  Seottand  bcgtaa  19  September,  under  the 
Ear}'  of  Mar,  {a  ta^our  of  the  Pr^eeder ;  quelled  the 
lame  year.  ^  .> 

.17 19  tybf  Mifiiiippi  fcheine  at  its  height  in  Francf . 

Uomb*«  mh vthrowiDg  machinet  coataimag  36^M  whecjis, 
«reded-,al  Perfa^  :  takes  up  one  eighth  of  a  mile  »  one 
water  whcci  i^ovea  the  r«A  \  and  in  tireoiy.lbur  hovrt 
it  works  ii8,504«96o  yard*  of  organaiufr iUk  thread. 
The  de\ah  JSraieh^  in  England  begui)  AprUi,was  arita 
faeighr  at  th«c(Kl^  June,  and  quiteiimk  a^ 
S7ft7  King  €Nsttr|ir  dies,  iiftth<  dSth  ytarol  hta  age  {  a^d  ia  &o 
eeeded  by  his  ^j^  fiw^  Oebr^it  U.  ' 
Itmoeuytiod  Arft  tried  00  cijifttnals  with  focc^^^^ 
iUiffia,fers|Br^  «^l^ci^^ 
l7«tllQrth.CarbUi»(etl|^ahooMhlr  , 

V7ii  Th«firftpir|iw«iectit«din  Britaiafi^ 


CHROH^LOOlCAt  ITABLE.         415 

■■mi  emoite,  •!»  reWWit  V* wnr b«<idf*rf«f  *J«y 

,  trntZShutkitr  ^»wl  the  «»*  *f  Ibwtoe*.  watjHMm  at 
, t7j7  lite  ««1h  pi5«%<l to1hw<l«frt  to#««l  tjf -Pf^^     ^  j^ -. 

»7«5  Ti»«r«b<9^  feSauo»t.in»wtlrt*«pA»theP»W 
'      w^  ^Mjttd  ^  Ibe  Oii^  of  CinfaiberUMidt  •«  CuUodeo,, 
Aprtt  i6«  J744 '  '■"  »^'     .   '  ^ 

1746  thn*»iid  C»ttao  {mO&mkA  fip }sj  UitMl^^^ 
r74»  The%«Mlt  W  il|*l»«hfp^le»hy  which  »  r^fttirtictiof  tU 

lyio  Tbe4ae<^^  of  thi  K^  niitaii  t(»«iia«l  t«  j  flier  tm^U 
t-iil  Tk  new  %)eiBtnM(tM»4  into  Ort»t  J^riums  ch«  thir4«f 

Wetttit*  of  £l«^  fire  ««»  Mg!|WUi||(fW!WW«  by  pr. 
rratikKtt;  wh«  «l|<tetf|k»  ittveBtt4  •  rfttiM  flf  fecw  1^ 

t755  lHbondt||#f«Alif>R^kftl>4tial(e.        .  '      ^   '    .    V 

»yi6  One'hundttd'iriid  lei»tf.ji»  BiSgtiflinea  are  coiiiiled  is  th* 

black  hole  at  Calcutta  iia  the  Baft  lttdici,b7  ^*^  ^^^^^ 

Mfbobk  and  ociifc  h«t|dtM  and  twenty  three  fwntA  iteaA 

'  .  nest  iTMkfiuiig,  [gained  bymJoglMh. 

ilii  CMheral  WotfJ!  M Itllted  i»  the  battle  <d  <^%di>  which  is 

X76«  Bb«k»rtafaBtJdK««*<**»ff »'  irine  arche»,l»«!»in;  «n- 
iOie^  i770»tttheex^frof  |J»,M.  «<>  be  «J«awrged 

bYa'iofl. 
George  II  diea  i^d  it  fucccecded  Mf  George  HL 

I7«l  War  decTated  Uateft  «pwii.;      ^  ,  • 

A«(^*cai^?Wlol<»piricrt  Soci«jr<Jft*blifli«d  «>Ph«ladiphi8. 

1763  tfc«  deiluti*«  treaty  cMiee  bctweea  Great  Bfitatn,Ftaace» 

«Aatn.4(tid  eintvgjilf  eottcittded  at  Pinsy  February  io» 
vhicb  confirmtd  to  Great  Britain  the  eiteafi^e  pr<iv]ncea 
«ft}a0ada,  Baft  and  Weft  91«*tda,  atod^pai^^Xoi^fiana, 
in  ilofth  Ameriea  ;  alio,  the  Iftanda  6f  Granadai  St.  Vin- 
cent, Uoinlnko*  and  Tobago  io  the  W«ft  todies. ,.        i 

1764  The  Parliament  grautid  10,0001.  to  Mr.  Harrifoa»  for  hi« 

I76J  the  Vi^MMH  (Ump  aa  pai^  in  tlM  Ikhiib  fparliament» 

HbrchW     RepcaM  March  18,  >7W-  .    . 

1768  The  Turlu  tmprifon  the  &v0Uo  AiinbaiI«dOttr|ftnd  declaw 

trar  figainfi  that^empire* 
177«  MaliAdcat  B<>ftoo,'M4rcb^« 


4 


;,^  -^  1^1*^^'  'g^«tiw&  P*^M«i^  Sh^*«?^ 

^y  Bo<i^:iwi%bm:|»«flcriiii^^^i;:r'::.v  ^■'-'■'  '^  ^■^'  .,<■ 

Ti«on<rero|^andCro#n  WMOt  taJwaHy  CaToofclfciBlea  |i>a 
A  Areacfiid^e  in  tiM  »»ii4  oRTOrtsiMfa^  ioft.^oaipiiud  at 

.       4f|rtN<»^  and  ifee  iUw? kiiiMirtii ^h^  thiTlt^kvc  C^cne^ 

I'jyS  MiftFck  17:  TlM^cown  cf  Bofton  tvacuatvtt  %  4e  ktos** 
trawi^  Cd^Ir  dedcirc  tlw  Amctkan  doiki&iet  feV 
•Ad  iik4a|Mm4cnt  SttttCi July Vf . 


TAc  AinetkMii  mreat  ftomLoae  liiuid,  te  AiiM^^  |ifl#r 
*W«H»d|hawle,ittiari»*Ji*  <5Nfev-Y«i'  * 
tfti^  l^cfitoa  Hi  b^  tlM  kraiVtraiblM. 


s  i^r 


Oam-prifeaeN  at  TrttttiMb,  ^ 


ji^m/0|9biiOGne^^  .'  4*f 


.i' 


^77t  A^^H^ty  pf  ^Kilto^  conbUidcil^ic  |»4|^b^^je^  iImi  Preach 
^liffe  «44  ifcie  «bi«tWB,  V<»»<erf  Amcn^  8tatc«»  in  which , 
''^-^^-^fe  l*'*€kiH>w?^c4  by-^.coufl  of 


the  E«rt  of  C4r)^T  Wi|B«»!t  Erf«%  I5^v  W*  O^fe  Johii- 

,  .  ai^  iist4  Aoiciick'.      ' '  ^  .-.,.. 

.  p(hiMdiefpJl!^;«vaqiu^  the  MPi^ji^t^oopt^Jiiikef 8. 

1  be  Con^reft  r«(ifirio  treat . with, the  Br  itidt  <  ommiflifriken. 
. ,    I^i^iiiiu  uhm,  bj{  iJi»rFiw»ch,,<i«:|^t^mbcr  7»V  ^/  , 
8t;  JUucu  ufccn  %  D^f/epch.         * 
-  177^  J?t.  Vincent  ta^e^,b7 .the  I'repM*.  •  ^      .- 

,  th(Hfl»acl  of  Or«iu4k  tf  kea  Ey  thf  Fireactri  Jwly  4. ' 

I7«o  lortiir,*  in  *.mit  iit ffltticc  A^^^ed  in  Fr^ttj«|» 


„^__^-j^.,, ^a  ii;9p<imin,acet  i|tllQc|  the  cvm^ 

^^  *ii^ii  }k^,Mjfim^'^* ««»',  ,.P^P< '  .'tr-  Vineeiw, 

anil  t»fcc»  fiv«  fliipft  leitxbk,  lil^e ;   one  moi^  driven  on 

..  jG^ripWj4<^>n<>th«i^bloivu^^,^iMu«ty  16.  '    ' 

Three  h^um  betf/eien  a4ii^«l  Rodnc;   and  rlw  Cotidc  de 

.  C^tchci^jn  tbe^cft  lijtd^i.  »to  (he  in0bth»  Qf  .A{>ril»  and 

,  JMi#X';  but,  |M^i^  0/  thtxo  df cifive*  [tbn»  May  4. 

i6hul*l^in»Sj^ti|kC4»QUaa,'i'pr rentier*  to  ^!r  Hi^my  Clin* 

,P^j;>il'!^c«iW^#  <h*  whole  prtivnce  of  Weft  Florida,  bdo^g* 

.     io|;  toth^Biritidi^lttrreudcYtf^tpe  atOM  of^  hingof 

.   Spav>»JSlr#3rv«  .. 

The  Protodb'ut  ailbciatj<mrt«the  fiombet  of  50000  perfonf. 

^  go'^  to.ihtl  Houfc  oi  OiWit^MM^  with  their,  {HftUion  for 

the  repca^  of  an  aft  in  Cavour  of  ifhe  CajthpUcks,  which 

^inia  foUqm:d  by  ttut  moft  daring  riott  in  the  d*ie»  of  Lon* 

di;>n  aa«|  n^tthwark,  tor  imral  ii»eci:0«e  d^. 

FiTc.£iia|iC^  Eaft^  1^^  f  od  Jifty  %g{ii$  rocrrhaot 

';':jd^t^«^i>%^  fSa4  thi  .W#^'^bE(4ife^:t*k^      da^^xs^isA 

,- '^eiBta  of ;Fi1WBte  ;atti  Spain,,  A||^ 

;Ba^l  CorufralUf  nbtaina  a  vt^ry  oyer  0^:iner#l  jpatea,  near 

■;■  Caiiiden,Jtt'iDttth..Cf^«Ii|iHJ%^  '/r^.. 

"^^ppiH.  «njt  Jnw^^  fi^^- 

trjii  ffcmbef  to  llew-ltfif 

craf  in  the  Bri»i<!hier^< 


JUajpr  Andcf,  44kt«ti|^Qcnei'il 
ued  i<:hara^er^  hiN>ti«4 


I      '-.: 


'  '•  y,' 


SH 


4<lV      cAfekoLomcjiE  %Bt^^^ 

T^ifly4ofl^te»g&t  iAkl»%y  iter  Fr«M,Jjup«  a. 
upikt  Ac  l«)«^l>Wtd  <if  Admiral  .P«rl(#»  ^4^  ?:  Xhitch 

j>d:for||Uf4«p<H!U|i|rcrMc«m  Vifg^iir^;T^  V 

^arl  Qom«rtiin^«  with  tk^ilHtiilkj^^  na^er  hh  «omnimd» 

4ttkt*e^ec^d  prffo««^'«f  wwt|»^Am«r}€aa  ioOfMncli 

*5<'W5*>#5  **>e  com^  of  t)0iM>ral  W4i<hilQ«l!Qik  and 

t^.ttlif^4tciitif%it^  contcft  itt'f«Tour  of  America. 

aa«rfiitf%r  |»^ec«^k)i||«^  war  dtt  U>c  coacineiic 

of  l^or^  Amei^M,  If«$#ii4i  aiui^i!efoI«e.tlu(  d^  Hoafe 
w«u)d:«ottfidc»  alt  t^  ^Jl^qi^  to  hii  ll^j(%iai|j|^tJu» , 
countvft  Krho  fli0tttf^vi£t$^J^  any  neaif«^4tUiitt|»  the 
fvtthcf  j>rofc;ciuk»h.oFitf<|ifivi;  W4r  oo  thft^^^^Oftt  of 
il<>pth  ADWi^^t  tiar  tlte.(fttr|ioJe  oritdttcint  Mh  tevofted^ 

AdoHiiraf  Rodney  obt^im. »  Vtabrv  c^er  thcL  frenich  fleet  : 
ttiMe/r.tV<»m(inNtidofC«tt,ntd<:Qlwfle»«^     he  take* 

^    ftipMiti  vffkT  DoMi»ic»,fp  ^hc  Wcftlttdicf. 

4f«ilv«6.    Th«  i^niQi^iit  of-IVclaad  aficrtcd  ttt  ittdcpeo* 
(ftqacf  and^o^rilllitttiioiiat  rights,  ,'- 

TheFffeachiOok  aind  deftruy«d  the  fbitt  and  Settlements  m 

Tht  apuAtdH  diii^ed  in  ibtir  gran^  Mtack  on'Gibraitarv 

Septc^mbcrtji, 
Treaty  collided: fc«nM»Ki  the  repuhlich.oif  HoHandaiid 

thii  United  States  of  ^mtric^.  O&obtt  $. 
Provjifiunai articles  of  pcaci%ac<l  at  F^,. between  the 

Bridik^ml  AtBtTbeaebtiOittimt^ifwn,  bf  which  the  Wiit-     "' 
'     ed  Atnerican  eokwitf  ate  acli^O  wjed^d  by  h^  Brkanmck 

Majelly,  to  be  ittM,  fdvckeign,  a^fi  -tt^pendent  Statei» 

November  30. 

efty  And  the  Kiiiftp  of  Ariifce  «»«  <9^in»  %Did  at  Vcr- 
fiaiQ<s,'|jaiU4ry-$S». 
Tltfee  carthquakee  At  Calabria,  Ulterior,  and  Sicily,  d«. 
ftfuymg  a  great  ojiAbet  0^  tow«»  and  iahabUattts^  Febrile 


1783  Afjnilltee  lietwecQ  ^reit  Brltaiii  and  HolUod,  F«b   lO.     ^ 
HUtticttion  of  tii^c  -4(;iStiitive  treaty  t*f  p^ace  l|e|wcui  €^^ 

BHr^iSf  F^aiic»/9ipiiin,  and  ihe  Unit«tf  State*,  Sefk.  .v' 

T&e  Wjp  ll^Mo^^t  inwiited  by  Mout^Ifier.  «f  ivtiat :  Vrom 

^«rblvltdUc4»y<^y»  Mcff.  Cha^Het  ;)pd  Rwbat,  o*  Partt,  tak- 

'  lag  the  liJfir,^0i;^kDi^,iHfi4«Mn'^bte  ^M.'or  the  atr  batiooH. 

X784  Tii«r;ae6Akrve>tre«ty<»rpca^eb«tire«aafeM  Brkim  »nd 

Jioijand,  May  94-  ,    ^  '  ^  < 

Mt-.  LunardpOfiHided  in  a«i  atf  fvjaltoon  fVbaii  jjie  a^tiiteM 

gouA4  M«4kfiefda  i  (he  «>  ft  attempi  Of  the  ImmI  id  En/, 
pd,  Stptciifibcr.jj.  \.   "         ^        /  ,     '  • 

1 7  85  A  coogrefo  of  Re|p«tG>nUtivet,  fridm  the  CDafi|tes  M  ^laDtdL 
hew  in  Dttblii^ior^promctin^  it  iTuttaiiiiMi^i!:  re^o^, 
Jaftiltry  to.  / 

.  tf86t<lK»f»mtiBQii«rirr<»;fi  fever»Urtfae  USaitrd  SfAtciailcmhIcd 

jH:  Annapolfa,  Maryland,  to  eofifhil  wKast  mcftftilta  ChouU 

-;       W  takcD  tauuitfthc^  Statea  in ^ttoWgencraUnd  efficient 

iyOrai  of  |^verninct)« ;  whicli  wM  ttiefit|L  tdwards  fora». 

;^     hig  tM  F^i^t Coiiftitntioi^.         ,        \- '■-  ^ 

InfvifXiiS^  10  MaiTachniTttta.        ,''>'-■  * 

^Clwrkaitiiyer  Bridg«  eomplet;tfd,  «oao«AUu\SnQ<in  «nd 

\A9**^J^*n/a!ttbr^4P«pf4iKtiM>».  fltati^om: 

TJh  Khif*^afSwdien'prc<6fbi^d  th«  ufe  of  tontire  iu  hia 
1787  The  arti<l«i  of  cOpf^racioo,  origiiially  entttf'ed  h«to  by  the 
Udited  States.  ti<iii|[;r6uQd  etfemratty  dek<^ve*a  vAeVai 
CoRTentiot?  9^  ^K^ifeyllomaH  tHejSt«c:i;iskc«p(W>ode« 
JHaiid,  waa  held  at  PhDadetphif  tl^  iiimmcr««>tih  ticnerat 
.;    Wa(biif^«n  nt  (hdt;hi:ad,fcif tW  porpoftiDf f^amiaie  a  ^eli- 
.  eral,piai»  of'giimrroinent  for  the  II^UHStafea  I  aiM  ^ 
inoQ(h»<dctib«ratign.  fixed  on  o^t  WeTeoi  exceilei^^Confti.  n 
\        '  tutton,  whkh  hia  finee  been  raiffico  by  ali  the, States. 
^  1788  Occrgc  W^AHngtQnirfMi»i|)isBi«f«^ffy  clocked  Prefidcnt  of  - 
the  U^tdd  8t*tea»«l»d  |(^D  Adams  Vice  P^fiikM. 
I785>  Coagtth  met  at  New  York,  for  the  6itt  timet  iind«r  the 
&(?w  Ceoftiiution,  March4/       '         . 

*  '     Apri^  io.     George  Wafiiingtoo-wan ,  in  diie  form,  puMickly 

tnyefled  with  the  o&ce  of  Prefideot  of  the  United  States 
of  America.  ' 

July  14.    Ki^vo!uttonioFraace^Gtp.tttt«  ofthe  Baftile. 
J79»  Or*W*  Frewch  .Coof^cratida  iHthe  charop  df  ^«Vs. 
{791  Sewn  Marids  difcoytredJo  tlJc  So^th  Pacifick  0^ 

:  twreen  the  Mttirqiiinis  aad  the  e«i«tori  W  C»M.  Jofeph 

•  ingrah**,  of »o«».  *       ^^      ,    '  v''^*'     ^^ 
...     Eri»  fo%  and  royal  i|siiartO  Bih^  prH)tei  in  i^mcma  by 

l^ialrf  faoaia*,  priiflter,  at  Wwicft«r,  Maflach«rctta— 
ScJwIl  i^u^rto  at  rrent^,  Ncw-Jerfey,  by  Ifa^^iDolJini. 
*?^»  Augulli    thefrt^quisde  i»  fay^l«»  g^Acral  of 'tbe'  af miea 
of  France,  accuiieii  tiitne^Afnn  t  At\A  af>pif<»  Kwjre^  fi.y  »•%. 

.  ;     ;,   *«l^^  o^  l^iranee 

vMl^b  f  Wj:{ve  «>fficcrS-o^  ^ 

by  the  B-uiTuns  ;  the  marquis  wasput,  ii  cjofe  confine* 
M     meat  h*^  the  c»ftle  of  %|^ebiirg,  once,  the  refirfeitct  of 
iliiertti#bc«te#  Baron  flTMcli.  »        ./    - 


''t'^i 


-/^ 


.    M^ 


>:<q 


U''^ 


r?! 


cHWOHoxm^eitii  TAi 


^. . 


b«ft.  of 


ilil^Mr^^iMtft  ol^fMi  JilRi|»hr'ii#tolidii<r  fad 
f«iii»y,tlic  Ipw  <»t  iMfiR.  Jp43iii»fwfiiflkt*  8«»i 
ftodl.  7l%r«#pt  i^J^  ieftlMftt  ifMtl^  i^tff  to  make  • 
^,-^l«^l^i*H#'i*-^^M||^^#»rl«  off 

R«be&Mci«K,  4iid  «  n^n^ycr  #  hb  tiMalfi,  |«iUloaiicd. 
July  %f,  '  ^^ 

Qta)«r»)  Wftttf  olitiii^A  «f»mplctff  «M^  tmt  tbe  Iifiliane 
At.'Mia«i>.  Attf«^  M  *  tfel^lliMlt^o^tn  i#ia#astf»u*  peace 
v^tfiithciOk  %&ic(i  itcopciuttcd  1^  tmty  at  Ofiitafilk, 

Jttfte;i79i»  ''       ',?♦.  -**<'.  ";.''• 

lanirrt^onittthe  w«0eni  covntiet  t^  Peoafylnma  com* 
•     lncBc«rcpeiiWiaAi%ttft»-b^uitUed»itluN|t  ^ood(h«id ' 

in  OiSh»bct»  •tthe«?ipettf«  QTaimiQMl^  doliart. 
Uttwiirdixff.  30,000  P0)c«,««O|^oM|iW%lMl  chMdreu,  are 

ttwAcrttd  ^nr  W^&wt  by  t^  o'dera  of  ifae^ba^baroua 

ttufllAii  gene^  Sttnrertow. 
A  treaty  ofafllkyi  J4|ntfilre«  >  and  nae^Son^  negociated 

with  Oieat  Qim^  ami  ^ed  iiy  Mr.  Jajf  imd  Lord 

'  fl^nviHtft  NbYdSon^  19t  '^-' 

1791  The  Frcacfi  ti'^  arrive  tt.Aiafiei'ilamt  and  a«e  reeciVed 

Af  the iftii^bStbBtt  withdeiRottAratiena  of  i0y«  Jan.  xS  { 

in  confeqtteoecNDf  wKich  the  old  goveMunnlt  n  abolt|licd» 


.L-^  _l^.^ 


at.l&nliiri8kelrbytheF»en(-byAprtl  1$^     -  ^        i 

^  Tbe  kTiHl  er^mi^  coacliided  a  foparaie  pepee  with  the 
frenctilettuWkk.       ~  .    ..   .i.      i^  ! 

.  iritetr^  with  Great  Britain  Tatifted  by  the  PireOdent,  by 
•sd  with  thcadviee  ■pdconfetit  af  the-fenase,  Aug^  14. 


ll^#!*^^ 


Tins  kiiii  of  INrfaiM}  piM%  ^     '  ' 


il^ia^i  to 


ine  jun»m  vram  wm  tiegociMc4  tbc  il^ittr  tw>  the  fciM 
•C  Otfitil'Nkii  toMtli#  «ltft  III*  ««rir;^bwi4taee  ind 
etiivr  docatneitt'rdilivetatiMf  iemf,MU«pl»H  fucb  oJT 


iHtftM  totffiM  wf  nh>iDt  lii^iiiMittHnai  render 


mm," 


litiiMflMrofitbtttd 


1« 

•  Thcv „ 

T*^?^*?P«''»***t»«**»*Pw»i^  eglUtioit  of 
tl|e#bRcl|ittfai4l^  ^r^io,     ^  - 

xt9]r^li^/  Oiorge  1l^ii»i#ii^itftir«d  item  the  P^e^dea- 

crme  UiiM  SUfiet^  «n^J^M  HdaRW  fbeceeded  r^ 

5f^^8  <*I%v{i^eiih|uflift^     eit^  oT^ediBcaietiMi  with  Fhince 
^totheMdr<^p;^' her  iiA|^ 

V'ie^ilec^fllryror'chefAiftcd  Ssetn  to  reia  an  errily  for 

defSeatti  «Rd  George  1^iih'<i%ioa  itiu;  »|ipoifl(tied  to  cooi- 

flMiitdU* 

X799  JNh.    0>N«i^  lUfwoHb^  chief  jtt^cethr  the  United  States. 

WU!l|niR.  Dttt^O(i»vof  Monh  Caro^  WiilUm 

,        Vtsfe*|Btiriy.Mlniftc>crthcUafeedSUtetattheH«hie, 

wei«  ipftollMed  ^HMnMHoner^  on  the  pare  of  the  United 

-        Stitei,  Ni  ftUte  d^rtli^  with  thr^ench  fepobtick. 

An«h^^ggt*«jgotfatt»^^ee  in ^jpm^neot of 

with  eatwnfiee  y^ofert;    i>eclar«l^onfol  Ha  Ute,  #&h 
r^t6ftlMil|li0ttxii||^ 


iw>^; 


<!i!^;t  v'W>'^m^i^:  1^-'  "v^-^HW*^.- 1«; 


l...^« 


■■^■^ 


^tm^^i 


■*Vl      -r^    --^    >-  — -^ 


--»»,<      f/-\ 


idicitrf 


:m:y%^' 


:>'  ■%, 


'K 


LSUr    mJ^^ 


B. 


^|P"4 


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;fli« 

Dittik 


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